Influence of Ethnicity and Gender on the Perception of an Ideal Facial Profile

Although indications for orthognathic surgery and orthodontics are variable, achieving an esthetically pleasing profile is an accepted goal of treatment. Several methods are available that attempt to define objective ideal hard and soft tissue measurements, but it is the patient who decides subjectively whether an esthetic outcome has been obtained. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of social and demographic factors such as ethnicity, gender, and cultural background on the perception of an esthetic facial profile.

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