Climate change and its relation with non-melanoma skin cancers

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2018, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C7PP00405B, Paper

Rubén D Piacentini, Lara Sofia Della Ceca, Adriana Ipiña
Climate change is affecting both the environment and the human behaviour. One significant impact is related to health, as detailed in the IPCC 2014 report. In the present work, and...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

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Climate change and its relation with non-melanoma skin cancers

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2018, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C7PP00405B, Paper

Rubén D Piacentini, Lara Sofia Della Ceca, Adriana Ipiña
Climate change is affecting both the environment and the human behaviour. One significant impact is related to health, as detailed in the IPCC 2014 report. In the present work, and...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

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Summer 2018 Newsletter

View Summer 2018 Newsletter

The post Summer 2018 Newsletter appeared first on American Hearing Research Foundation.

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Summer 2018 Newsletter

View Summer 2018 Newsletter

The post Summer 2018 Newsletter appeared first on American Hearing Research Foundation.

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Clinical Thyroidology®for the Public – Highlighted Article

From Clinical Thyroidology^® for the Public: Thyroid nodules are very common, occurring in up to 50% of patients. The best imaging method for evaluation of thyroid nodules is ultrasound. The American Thyroid Association guidelines for management of thyroid nodule offers a system for classifying thyroid nodules from benign to very low, low, intermediate and highly suspicious for thyroid cancer depending on the findings of ultrasound. Read More…

We welcome your feedback and suggestions. Let us know what you want to see in this publication.

Feedback & Suggestions

The post Clinical Thyroidology^®for the Public – Highlighted Article appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

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Clinical Thyroidology®for the Public – Highlighted Article

From Clinical Thyroidology^® for the Public: Thyroid nodules are very common, occurring in up to 50% of patients. The best imaging method for evaluation of thyroid nodules is ultrasound. The American Thyroid Association guidelines for management of thyroid nodule offers a system for classifying thyroid nodules from benign to very low, low, intermediate and highly suspicious for thyroid cancer depending on the findings of ultrasound. Read More…

We welcome your feedback and suggestions. Let us know what you want to see in this publication.

Feedback & Suggestions

The post Clinical Thyroidology^®for the Public – Highlighted Article appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

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Clinical Thyroidology®for the Public – Highlighted Article

From Clinical Thyroidology^® for the Public: Thyroid nodules are very common, occurring in up to 50% of patients. The best imaging method for evaluation of thyroid nodules is ultrasound. The American Thyroid Association guidelines for management of thyroid nodule offers a system for classifying thyroid nodules from benign to very low, low, intermediate and highly suspicious for thyroid cancer depending on the findings of ultrasound. Read More…

We welcome your feedback and suggestions. Let us know what you want to see in this publication.

Feedback & Suggestions

The post Clinical Thyroidology^®for the Public – Highlighted Article appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

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Clinical Thyroidology®for the Public – Highlighted Article

From Clinical Thyroidology^® for the Public: Thyroid nodules are very common, occurring in up to 50% of patients. The best imaging method for evaluation of thyroid nodules is ultrasound. The American Thyroid Association guidelines for management of thyroid nodule offers a system for classifying thyroid nodules from benign to very low, low, intermediate and highly suspicious for thyroid cancer depending on the findings of ultrasound. Read More…

We welcome your feedback and suggestions. Let us know what you want to see in this publication.

Feedback & Suggestions

The post Clinical Thyroidology^®for the Public – Highlighted Article appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

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Rasch analysis of the Herth Hope Index in cancer patients

The concept of hope has been measured using the Herth Hope Index (HHI) in different samples, but varying factor structures comprising different items from the HHI have been reported. Therefore, further testing...

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Rasch analysis of the Herth Hope Index in cancer patients

The concept of hope has been measured using the Herth Hope Index (HHI) in different samples, but varying factor structures comprising different items from the HHI have been reported. Therefore, further testing...

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Animal models for analysis of immunological responses to nanomaterials: Challenges and considerations.

Authors: Zamboni WC, Szebeni J, Kozlov SV, Lucas AT, Piscitelli JA, Dobrovolskaia MA Abstract Nanotechnology provides many solutions to improve conventional drug delivery and has a unique niche in the areas related to the specific targeting of the immune system, such as immunotherapies and vaccines. Preclinical studies in this field rely heavily on the combination of in vitro and in vivo methods to assess the safety and efficacy of nanotechnology platforms, nanoparticle-formulated drugs, and vaccines. While certain types of toxicities can be evaluated in vitro and good in vitro-in vivo correlation has been demonstrated for such tests, animal studies are still needed to address complex biological questions and, therefore, provide a unique contribution to establishing nanoparticle sa...

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Animal models for analysis of immunological responses to nanomaterials: Challenges and considerations.

Authors: Zamboni WC, Szebeni J, Kozlov SV, Lucas AT, Piscitelli JA, Dobrovolskaia MA Abstract Nanotechnology provides many solutions to improve conventional drug delivery and has a unique niche in the areas related to the specific targeting of the immune system, such as immunotherapies and vaccines. Preclinical studies in this field rely heavily on the combination of in vitro and in vivo methods to assess the safety and efficacy of nanotechnology platforms, nanoparticle-formulated drugs, and vaccines. While certain types of toxicities can be evaluated in vitro and good in vitro-in vivo correlation has been demonstrated for such tests, animal studies are still needed to address complex biological questions and, therefore, provide a unique contribution to establishing nanoparticle sa...

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Mitochondrial tRNAIle A4317G mutation may be associated with hearing impairment in a Han Chinese family.

Authors: Cui Y, He DJ Abstract Mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been identified to be associated with hearing loss. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in a Chinese family with hearing loss. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‑Sanger sequencing was used to screen the mtDNA variants and nuclear genes [gap junction protein β2 (GJB2) and transfer (t)RNA 5‑methylaminomethyle‑2‑thiouridylate methyltransferase (TRMU)]; in addition, the mtDNA copy number was determined by quantitative PCR. The present study characterized the molecular features of a Chinese family with maternally‑inherited hearing loss and identified mtDNA A1555G and tRNAIle A4317G mutations. The A4317G mutation was localized at the TΨC arm of tRN...

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Mitochondrial tRNAIle A4317G mutation may be associated with hearing impairment in a Han Chinese family.

Authors: Cui Y, He DJ Abstract Mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been identified to be associated with hearing loss. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in a Chinese family with hearing loss. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‑Sanger sequencing was used to screen the mtDNA variants and nuclear genes [gap junction protein β2 (GJB2) and transfer (t)RNA 5‑methylaminomethyle‑2‑thiouridylate methyltransferase (TRMU)]; in addition, the mtDNA copy number was determined by quantitative PCR. The present study characterized the molecular features of a Chinese family with maternally‑inherited hearing loss and identified mtDNA A1555G and tRNAIle A4317G mutations. The A4317G mutation was localized at the TΨC arm of tRN...

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Clinical Success of Dental Implants placed in posterior mandible augmented with interpositional block graft: 3-year results from a prospective cohort clinical study

The purpose of the present cohort study was to investigate the 3-year efficacy and clinical performance of implant-supported rehabilitations in posterior mandibles augmented with the sandwich osteotomy technique.

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Perineurioma of the Tongue: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A perineurioma is a rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor derived from perineurial cells. Based on clinical and pathologic features, perineuriomas can be classified into two major subtypes: intraneural perineurioma and the more common extraneural perineurioma. Both extraneural and intraneural perineuiomas are extremely rare in the oral cavity, and there have been only 38 reported cases (21 EPNs, 17 IPNs). In the current case, a 20-year-old male presented with a painless left dorsal tongue mass.

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Clinical Success of Dental Implants placed in posterior mandible augmented with interpositional block graft: 3-year results from a prospective cohort clinical study

The purpose of the present cohort study was to investigate the 3-year efficacy and clinical performance of implant-supported rehabilitations in posterior mandibles augmented with the sandwich osteotomy technique.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OyKNHn

Perineurioma of the Tongue: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A perineurioma is a rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor derived from perineurial cells. Based on clinical and pathologic features, perineuriomas can be classified into two major subtypes: intraneural perineurioma and the more common extraneural perineurioma. Both extraneural and intraneural perineuiomas are extremely rare in the oral cavity, and there have been only 38 reported cases (21 EPNs, 17 IPNs). In the current case, a 20-year-old male presented with a painless left dorsal tongue mass.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yftFMD

Perineurioma of the Tongue: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A perineurioma is a rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor derived from perineurial cells. Based on clinical and pathologic features, perineuriomas can be classified into two major subtypes: intraneural perineurioma and the more common extraneural perineurioma. Both extraneural and intraneural perineuiomas are extremely rare in the oral cavity, and there have been only 38 reported cases (21 EPNs, 17 IPNs). In the current case, a 20-year-old male presented with a painless left dorsal tongue mass.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yftFMD

Clinical Success of Dental Implants placed in posterior mandible augmented with interpositional block graft: 3-year results from a prospective cohort clinical study

The purpose of the present cohort study was to investigate the 3-year efficacy and clinical performance of implant-supported rehabilitations in posterior mandibles augmented with the sandwich osteotomy technique.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OyKNHn

Perineurioma of the Tongue: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A perineurioma is a rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor derived from perineurial cells. Based on clinical and pathologic features, perineuriomas can be classified into two major subtypes: intraneural perineurioma and the more common extraneural perineurioma. Both extraneural and intraneural perineuiomas are extremely rare in the oral cavity, and there have been only 38 reported cases (21 EPNs, 17 IPNs). In the current case, a 20-year-old male presented with a painless left dorsal tongue mass.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yftFMD

Clinical Success of Dental Implants placed in posterior mandible augmented with interpositional block graft: 3-year results from a prospective cohort clinical study

The purpose of the present cohort study was to investigate the 3-year efficacy and clinical performance of implant-supported rehabilitations in posterior mandibles augmented with the sandwich osteotomy technique.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OyKNHn

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Asthma-COPD Overlap in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Asthma-COPD Overlap is examined in a large, multinational cohort of adults across low- and middle-income settings. Risk factors prevalent in low- and middle-income countries are investigated and ACO is found to be common and severe.

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Pret a Manger to label food after schoolgirl's death

Pret a Manger will list all its ingredients, including allergens, on freshly made products following the death of a 15-year-old girl who had an allergic reaction to a sandwich containing sesame seeds, to which she was allergic. (Source: CNN.com - Health)

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Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Asthma-COPD Overlap in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Asthma-COPD Overlap is examined in a large, multinational cohort of adults across low- and middle-income settings. Risk factors prevalent in low- and middle-income countries are investigated and ACO is found to be common and severe.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P9Hq6O

Pret a Manger to label food after schoolgirl's death

Pret a Manger will list all its ingredients, including allergens, on freshly made products following the death of a 15-year-old girl who had an allergic reaction to a sandwich containing sesame seeds, to which she was allergic. (Source: CNN.com - Health)

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Food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis in a patient allergic to peach.

We present an interesting case of a 25-year-old female patient with recurrent anaphylactic reactions developing after eating various foods, particularly in presence of co-factors of allergic reactions. Symptoms occurred after consumption of various kinds of foods - peach, pancakes with cottage cheese and fruit, a meal from a Chinese restaurant - all eaten on other occasions without symptoms. During diagnosis, skin prick tests were negative for all tested allergen extracts (both inhalatory and food) from Allergopharma. Prick by prick tests were positive for the peach - wheal diameter - 6 mm, nectarine - 4 mm (histamine 4 mm, negative control 0 mm). Increased levels of asIgE were found for allergens of peach (0.55 kU/L).Open challenge test with one mid-size peach combined with the ...

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Sequence-based HLA-A, B, C, DP, DQ, and DR typing of 496 adults from San Diego, California, USA.

Authors: Moore E, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Schulten V, Arlehamn CSL, Angelo M, Pham J, Leary S, Sidney J, Broide D, Frazier A, Phillips E, Mallal S, Mack SJ, Sette A Abstract DNA sequence-based typing at the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DPB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 loci was performed on 496 healthy adult donors from San Diego, California, to characterize allele frequencies in support of studies of T cell responses to common allergens. Deviations from Hardy Weinberg proportions were detected at each locus except A and C. Several alleles were found in more than 15% of individuals, including the class II alleles DPB1∗02:01, DPB1∗04:01, DQA1∗01:02, DQA1∗05:01, DQB1∗03:01, and the class I allele A∗02:01. Genotype data will be available in the Allele Frequencies Net Database (AFND 3562). ...

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Endogenous IL-10 maintains immune tolerance but IL-10 gene transfer exacerbates autoimmune cholangitis.

In conclusion, our data demonstrate that endogenous IL-10 is critical in the maintenance of immune tolerance but exogenous administration of IL-10 exacerbates liver inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, the distinctive presence of inflammatory immune cell populations and collagen expression in AAV-IL-10 treated naïve mice cautions against the clinical use of exogenous IL-10 in patients with autoimmune cholangitis. PMID: 30274824 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Autoimmunity)

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Pret a Manger to label food after schoolgirl's death

Pret a Manger will list all its ingredients, including allergens, on freshly made products following the death of a 15-year-old girl who had an allergic reaction to a sandwich containing sesame seeds, to which she was allergic. (Source: CNN.com - Health)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2DRfCD8

Food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis in a patient allergic to peach.

We present an interesting case of a 25-year-old female patient with recurrent anaphylactic reactions developing after eating various foods, particularly in presence of co-factors of allergic reactions. Symptoms occurred after consumption of various kinds of foods - peach, pancakes with cottage cheese and fruit, a meal from a Chinese restaurant - all eaten on other occasions without symptoms. During diagnosis, skin prick tests were negative for all tested allergen extracts (both inhalatory and food) from Allergopharma. Prick by prick tests were positive for the peach - wheal diameter - 6 mm, nectarine - 4 mm (histamine 4 mm, negative control 0 mm). Increased levels of asIgE were found for allergens of peach (0.55 kU/L).Open challenge test with one mid-size peach combined with the ...

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2RoDmBq

Sequence-based HLA-A, B, C, DP, DQ, and DR typing of 496 adults from San Diego, California, USA.

Authors: Moore E, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Schulten V, Arlehamn CSL, Angelo M, Pham J, Leary S, Sidney J, Broide D, Frazier A, Phillips E, Mallal S, Mack SJ, Sette A Abstract DNA sequence-based typing at the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DPB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 loci was performed on 496 healthy adult donors from San Diego, California, to characterize allele frequencies in support of studies of T cell responses to common allergens. Deviations from Hardy Weinberg proportions were detected at each locus except A and C. Several alleles were found in more than 15% of individuals, including the class II alleles DPB1∗02:01, DPB1∗04:01, DQA1∗01:02, DQA1∗05:01, DQB1∗03:01, and the class I allele A∗02:01. Genotype data will be available in the Allele Frequencies Net Database (AFND 3562). ...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2DU50nd

Endogenous IL-10 maintains immune tolerance but IL-10 gene transfer exacerbates autoimmune cholangitis.

In conclusion, our data demonstrate that endogenous IL-10 is critical in the maintenance of immune tolerance but exogenous administration of IL-10 exacerbates liver inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, the distinctive presence of inflammatory immune cell populations and collagen expression in AAV-IL-10 treated naïve mice cautions against the clinical use of exogenous IL-10 in patients with autoimmune cholangitis. PMID: 30274824 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Autoimmunity)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2RoCKvC

Pret a Manger to label food after schoolgirl's death

Pret a Manger will list all its ingredients, including allergens, on freshly made products following the death of a 15-year-old girl who had an allergic reaction to a sandwich containing sesame seeds, to which she was allergic. (Source: CNN.com - Health)

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Proinflammatory Effects of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Epithelial HMGB1 on Human Innate Immune Cell Activation.

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Cutting Edge: Local Proliferation of Uterine Tissue-Resident NK Cells during Decidualization in Mice.

In this study, we employed a novel, immune-competent NK cell-specific reporter mouse to track accumulation of uNK cells during unmanipulated pregnancies. We identified conventional NK and trNK cells accumulating in both decidua basalis and myometrium. Only trNK cells showed evidence of proliferation. In parabiosis studies using experimentally induced deciduomata, the accumulated uNK cells were proliferating trNK cells; migrating NK cells made no contribution. Together, these data suggest proliferating trNK cells are the source of uNK cells during endometrial decidualization. PMID: 30275046 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Immunology)

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Lysyl-Transfer RNA Synthetase Induces the Maturation of Dendritic Cells through MAPK and NF- κB Pathways, Strongly Contributing to Enhanced Th1 Cell Responses.

In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of KRS on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) of C57BL/6 mice and subsequent polarization of Th cells and analyzed the underlying mechanisms. KRS-treated DCs increased the expression of cell surface molecules and proinflammatory cytokines associated with DC maturation and activation. Especially, KRS treatment significantly increased production of IL-12, a Th1-polarizing cytokine, in DCs. KRS triggered the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit along with the degradation of IκB proteins and the phosphorylation of MAPKs in DCs. Additionally, JNK, p38, and ERK inhibitors markedly recovered the degradation of IκB proteins, suggesting the involvement of MAPKs as the upstream regulators of NF-κB in the KRS-induced DC m...

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Plasma cells: the programming of an antibody-secreting machine.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 30273443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Immunology)

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EF Hand Domain Family Member D2 Is Required for T Cell Cytotoxicity.

Authors: Peled M, Dragovich MA, Adam K, Strazza M, Tocheva AS, Vega IE, Mor A Abstract Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a major coinhibitory receptor and a member of the immunological synapse (IS). To uncover proteins that regulate PD-1 recruitment to the IS, we searched for cytoskeleton-related proteins that also interact with PD-1 using affinity purification mass spectrometry. Among these proteins, EF hand domain family member D2 (EFHD2), a calcium binding adaptor protein, was functionally and mechanistically analyzed for its contribution to PD-1 signaling. EFHD2 was required for PD-1 to inhibit cytokine secretion, proliferation, and adhesion of human T cells. Interestingly, EFHD2 was also required for human T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and for mounting an antitumor immune respo...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2O3k8mD

December 2018.

Authors: Hernandez-Trujillo V, Oppenheimer JJ, Khan DA PMID: 30278222 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology)

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The bivalent factor H binding protein meningococcal serogroup B vaccine elicits bactericidal antibodies against representative non-serogroup B meningococci.

This study investigated whether antibodies elicited by MenB-FHbp vaccination also protect against non-MenB strains. Immunological responses were assessed in serum bactericidal assays using human complement (hSBAs) with non-MenB disease-causing test strains from Europe, Africa, and the United States. Importantly, FHbp variant distribution varies among meningococcal serogroups; therefore, strains that code for serogroup-specific prevalent variants (ie, representative of the 2 antigenically distinct FHbp subfamilies, designated subfamily A and subfamily B) and with moderate levels of FHbp surface expression were selected for testing by hSBA. After 2 or 3 doses of MenB-FHbp, 53% to 100% of individuals had bactericidal responses (hSBA titers ≥ 1:8) against meningococcal serogroup C, W, Y,...

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Proinflammatory Effects of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Epithelial HMGB1 on Human Innate Immune Cell Activation.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2O4wniM

Cutting Edge: Local Proliferation of Uterine Tissue-Resident NK Cells during Decidualization in Mice.

In this study, we employed a novel, immune-competent NK cell-specific reporter mouse to track accumulation of uNK cells during unmanipulated pregnancies. We identified conventional NK and trNK cells accumulating in both decidua basalis and myometrium. Only trNK cells showed evidence of proliferation. In parabiosis studies using experimentally induced deciduomata, the accumulated uNK cells were proliferating trNK cells; migrating NK cells made no contribution. Together, these data suggest proliferating trNK cells are the source of uNK cells during endometrial decidualization. PMID: 30275046 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Immunology)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P8BpHI

Lysyl-Transfer RNA Synthetase Induces the Maturation of Dendritic Cells through MAPK and NF- κB Pathways, Strongly Contributing to Enhanced Th1 Cell Responses.

In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of KRS on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) of C57BL/6 mice and subsequent polarization of Th cells and analyzed the underlying mechanisms. KRS-treated DCs increased the expression of cell surface molecules and proinflammatory cytokines associated with DC maturation and activation. Especially, KRS treatment significantly increased production of IL-12, a Th1-polarizing cytokine, in DCs. KRS triggered the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit along with the degradation of IκB proteins and the phosphorylation of MAPKs in DCs. Additionally, JNK, p38, and ERK inhibitors markedly recovered the degradation of IκB proteins, suggesting the involvement of MAPKs as the upstream regulators of NF-κB in the KRS-induced DC m...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2O199Kx

Plasma cells: the programming of an antibody-secreting machine.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 30273443 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Immunology)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P9S51o

EF Hand Domain Family Member D2 Is Required for T Cell Cytotoxicity.

Authors: Peled M, Dragovich MA, Adam K, Strazza M, Tocheva AS, Vega IE, Mor A Abstract Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a major coinhibitory receptor and a member of the immunological synapse (IS). To uncover proteins that regulate PD-1 recruitment to the IS, we searched for cytoskeleton-related proteins that also interact with PD-1 using affinity purification mass spectrometry. Among these proteins, EF hand domain family member D2 (EFHD2), a calcium binding adaptor protein, was functionally and mechanistically analyzed for its contribution to PD-1 signaling. EFHD2 was required for PD-1 to inhibit cytokine secretion, proliferation, and adhesion of human T cells. Interestingly, EFHD2 was also required for human T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and for mounting an antitumor immune respo...

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

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December 2018.

Authors: Hernandez-Trujillo V, Oppenheimer JJ, Khan DA PMID: 30278222 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology)

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The bivalent factor H binding protein meningococcal serogroup B vaccine elicits bactericidal antibodies against representative non-serogroup B meningococci.

This study investigated whether antibodies elicited by MenB-FHbp vaccination also protect against non-MenB strains. Immunological responses were assessed in serum bactericidal assays using human complement (hSBAs) with non-MenB disease-causing test strains from Europe, Africa, and the United States. Importantly, FHbp variant distribution varies among meningococcal serogroups; therefore, strains that code for serogroup-specific prevalent variants (ie, representative of the 2 antigenically distinct FHbp subfamilies, designated subfamily A and subfamily B) and with moderate levels of FHbp surface expression were selected for testing by hSBA. After 2 or 3 doses of MenB-FHbp, 53% to 100% of individuals had bactericidal responses (hSBA titers ≥ 1:8) against meningococcal serogroup C, W, Y,...

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Patient‐derived organoids: New co‐clinical model to predict treatment response in cancer?

Oral Diseases, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Patient‐derived organoids: New co‐clinical model to predict treatment response in cancer?

Oral Diseases, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Management and outcome of epistaxis under direct oral anticoagulants: a comparison with warfarin

International Forum of Allergy &Rhinology, EarlyView.


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Management and outcome of epistaxis under direct oral anticoagulants: a comparison with warfarin

International Forum of Allergy &Rhinology, EarlyView.


from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Oxvw9P

OSU-T315 as an Interesting Lead Molecule for Novel B Cell-Specific Therapeutics.

In conclusion, OSU-T315 displays potency as B cell modulator, probably through a mechanism of action independent of ILK, and might serve as lead drug molecule for the development of novel B cell-selective drugs. PMID: 30276218 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Immunology Research)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P9xB96

Inflammation-Related Mechanisms in Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction, Progression, and Outcome.

Authors: Mihai S, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Enciu AM, Albulescu L, Necula LG, Mambet C, Anton G, Tanase C Abstract Persistent, low-grade inflammation is now considered a hallmark feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), being involved in the development of all-cause mortality of these patients. Although substantial improvements have been made in clinical care, CKD remains a major public health burden, affecting 10-15% of the population, and its prevalence is constantly growing. Due to its insidious nature, CKD is rarely diagnosed in early stages, and once developed, its progression is unfortunately irreversible. There are many factors that contribute to the setting of the inflammatory status in CKD, including increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and acid...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OFspwV

Differences of Clonogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Immunomodulation of Lymphocyte Subsets.

Authors: Martínez-Peinado P, Pascual-García S, Roche E, Sempere-Ortells JM Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a widely used population in cell therapy for their ability to differentiate into distinct tissues and more lately, for their immunomodulatory properties. However, the use of heterogeneous populations could be responsible for the nondesired outcomes reflected in the literature. Here, we analyse the different capacities of five one-cell-derived MSC clones to exert their immunomodulation ex vivo. We assessed proliferation assays in cocultures of MSC clones and purified cluster of differentiation (CD)3+, CD4+, or CD8+ lymphocytes; analysed the regulatory T (Treg) cells fold change rate; determined the effects on viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); a...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P7pY2V

Serum and Ectopic Endometrium from Women with Endometriosis Modulate Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization via the Smad2/Smad3 Pathway.

Conclusion: This study provides detailed evidence supporting alterations in M1 to M2 macrophage polarization that may contribute to the initiation as well as progression of endometriosis. PMID: 30276219 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Immunology Research)

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Transgenerational plasticity and antiviral immunity in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) against Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1).

Authors: Lafont M, Goncalves P, Guo X, Montagnani C, Raftos D, Green T Abstract The oyster's immune system is capable of adapting upon exposure to a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) to have an enhanced secondary response against the same type of pathogen. This has been demonstrated using poly(I:C) to elicit an antiviral response in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) against Ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1). Improved survival following exposure to poly(I:C) has been found in later life stages (within-generational immune priming) and in the next generation (transgenerational immune priming). The mechanism that the oyster uses to transfer immunity to the next generation is unknown. Here we show that oyster larvae have higher survival to OsHV-1 when their mothers, but not t...

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P3ghSZ

Changes in the function and phenotype of resident peritoneal macrophages after housing in an enriched environment.

In this study, we examined changes in the phagocytic response and chemokine production of resident peritoneal macrophages after mice had been housed under EE conditions for 6 or 8 weeks, and then explored the possibility that EE could cause a change in the macrophage phenotype by means of flow cytometry as well as quantitative RT-PCR. The percentages of EE macrophages phagocytosing S. aureus and apoptotic neutrophils were significantly larger than those of standard environment (SE) macrophages. After coculturing with S. aureus, EE macrophages tended to produce greater amounts of chemokines such as MIP-2, KC and MCP-1 than SE ones, although the increases for MIP-2 and KC were not statistically significant. As compared with SE macrophages, EE macrophages included more CD40-positive cells (...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OzG3l1

A new ligand of CD105 screened out by phage display technology provides a reliable identification of recurrent or metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma from pleomorphic adenoma.

CONCLUSIONS: CD105 is a promising biomarker for identification of RPA/MPA from PA cases. Ligand nABPK296 provides a promising approach to CD105 detection. This study also validated the reliability of phage display technology in finding new episodes and ligands with high affinity for antigens. PMID: 30273915 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P7UiKV

Leonurine inhibits IL-1 β induced inflammation in murine chondrocytes and ameliorates murine osteoarthritis.

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of leonurine on chondrocytes and in murine OA models. Murine chondrocytes were pre-treated with leonurine (5, 10, and 20 μM) for 2 h and then stimulated with IL-1β for 24 h. Production of NO, PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 was assessed with the Griess reagent and ELISAs. The mRNA expression of COX-2, iNOS, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, aggrecan, and collagen-II was tested with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB-related signaling molecules was measured with western blotting. In this study, leonurine visibly inhibited the IL-1β-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-6 and TNF-α; and decreased the expression of iNOS, COX-2, MMP-3, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 in chondrocytes. Furthe...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OzF9VF

The alternatively spliced porcine Fc γRI regulated PRRSV-ADE infection and proinflammatory cytokine production.

In this study, we described the cloning, sequencing and characterization of porcine FcγRI, and reported six different FcγRI isoforms, four of which have never been reported before. Further analysis revealed that FcγR isoforms are generated by alternative splicing mechanisms, including two membrane isoforms and four soluble isoforms. Importantly, we found FcγRI splice variants differentially influence PRRSV antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effects. Membrane pCD64-T1 promotes endocytosis of the PRRSV-antibody complex to enhance PRRSV replication, and soluble pCD64-T3 has no ADE effect on PRRSV proliferation, but shows an inflammation enhancement effect. The differential expression of selective splicing in primary PAM cells and 3D4/21 cell lines are altered and regulated by PRRSV in...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P7Ycn7

Taurine administration prevents the intestine from the damage induced by beta-lactoglobulin sensitization in a murine model of food allergy.

CONCLUSIONS: These results have for the first time provided evidence that pre-treatment with taurine appears to prevent intestinal damage induced by β-Lg. PMID: 30270100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OAW7TE

OSU-T315 as an Interesting Lead Molecule for Novel B Cell-Specific Therapeutics.

In conclusion, OSU-T315 displays potency as B cell modulator, probably through a mechanism of action independent of ILK, and might serve as lead drug molecule for the development of novel B cell-selective drugs. PMID: 30276218 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Immunology Research)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P9xB96

Inflammation-Related Mechanisms in Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction, Progression, and Outcome.

Authors: Mihai S, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Enciu AM, Albulescu L, Necula LG, Mambet C, Anton G, Tanase C Abstract Persistent, low-grade inflammation is now considered a hallmark feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), being involved in the development of all-cause mortality of these patients. Although substantial improvements have been made in clinical care, CKD remains a major public health burden, affecting 10-15% of the population, and its prevalence is constantly growing. Due to its insidious nature, CKD is rarely diagnosed in early stages, and once developed, its progression is unfortunately irreversible. There are many factors that contribute to the setting of the inflammatory status in CKD, including increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and acid...

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OFspwV

Differences of Clonogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Immunomodulation of Lymphocyte Subsets.

Authors: Martínez-Peinado P, Pascual-García S, Roche E, Sempere-Ortells JM Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a widely used population in cell therapy for their ability to differentiate into distinct tissues and more lately, for their immunomodulatory properties. However, the use of heterogeneous populations could be responsible for the nondesired outcomes reflected in the literature. Here, we analyse the different capacities of five one-cell-derived MSC clones to exert their immunomodulation ex vivo. We assessed proliferation assays in cocultures of MSC clones and purified cluster of differentiation (CD)3+, CD4+, or CD8+ lymphocytes; analysed the regulatory T (Treg) cells fold change rate; determined the effects on viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); a...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P7pY2V

Serum and Ectopic Endometrium from Women with Endometriosis Modulate Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization via the Smad2/Smad3 Pathway.

Conclusion: This study provides detailed evidence supporting alterations in M1 to M2 macrophage polarization that may contribute to the initiation as well as progression of endometriosis. PMID: 30276219 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Immunology Research)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Osc26L

Transgenerational plasticity and antiviral immunity in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) against Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1).

Authors: Lafont M, Goncalves P, Guo X, Montagnani C, Raftos D, Green T Abstract The oyster's immune system is capable of adapting upon exposure to a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) to have an enhanced secondary response against the same type of pathogen. This has been demonstrated using poly(I:C) to elicit an antiviral response in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) against Ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1). Improved survival following exposure to poly(I:C) has been found in later life stages (within-generational immune priming) and in the next generation (transgenerational immune priming). The mechanism that the oyster uses to transfer immunity to the next generation is unknown. Here we show that oyster larvae have higher survival to OsHV-1 when their mothers, but not t...

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P3ghSZ

Changes in the function and phenotype of resident peritoneal macrophages after housing in an enriched environment.

In this study, we examined changes in the phagocytic response and chemokine production of resident peritoneal macrophages after mice had been housed under EE conditions for 6 or 8 weeks, and then explored the possibility that EE could cause a change in the macrophage phenotype by means of flow cytometry as well as quantitative RT-PCR. The percentages of EE macrophages phagocytosing S. aureus and apoptotic neutrophils were significantly larger than those of standard environment (SE) macrophages. After coculturing with S. aureus, EE macrophages tended to produce greater amounts of chemokines such as MIP-2, KC and MCP-1 than SE ones, although the increases for MIP-2 and KC were not statistically significant. As compared with SE macrophages, EE macrophages included more CD40-positive cells (...

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OzG3l1

A new ligand of CD105 screened out by phage display technology provides a reliable identification of recurrent or metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma from pleomorphic adenoma.

CONCLUSIONS: CD105 is a promising biomarker for identification of RPA/MPA from PA cases. Ligand nABPK296 provides a promising approach to CD105 detection. This study also validated the reliability of phage display technology in finding new episodes and ligands with high affinity for antigens. PMID: 30273915 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P7UiKV

Leonurine inhibits IL-1 β induced inflammation in murine chondrocytes and ameliorates murine osteoarthritis.

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of leonurine on chondrocytes and in murine OA models. Murine chondrocytes were pre-treated with leonurine (5, 10, and 20 μM) for 2 h and then stimulated with IL-1β for 24 h. Production of NO, PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 was assessed with the Griess reagent and ELISAs. The mRNA expression of COX-2, iNOS, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, aggrecan, and collagen-II was tested with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB-related signaling molecules was measured with western blotting. In this study, leonurine visibly inhibited the IL-1β-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-6 and TNF-α; and decreased the expression of iNOS, COX-2, MMP-3, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 in chondrocytes. Furthe...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OzF9VF

The alternatively spliced porcine Fc γRI regulated PRRSV-ADE infection and proinflammatory cytokine production.

In this study, we described the cloning, sequencing and characterization of porcine FcγRI, and reported six different FcγRI isoforms, four of which have never been reported before. Further analysis revealed that FcγR isoforms are generated by alternative splicing mechanisms, including two membrane isoforms and four soluble isoforms. Importantly, we found FcγRI splice variants differentially influence PRRSV antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effects. Membrane pCD64-T1 promotes endocytosis of the PRRSV-antibody complex to enhance PRRSV replication, and soluble pCD64-T3 has no ADE effect on PRRSV proliferation, but shows an inflammation enhancement effect. The differential expression of selective splicing in primary PAM cells and 3D4/21 cell lines are altered and regulated by PRRSV in...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P7Ycn7

Taurine administration prevents the intestine from the damage induced by beta-lactoglobulin sensitization in a murine model of food allergy.

CONCLUSIONS: These results have for the first time provided evidence that pre-treatment with taurine appears to prevent intestinal damage induced by β-Lg. PMID: 30270100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)

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Patterns of Superficial Midfacial Fat Volume Distribution Differ by Age and Body Mass Index

Abstract

Background

The changes that occur to midfacial fat with increasing age and BMI are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine how superficial cheek fat volume and distribution are differentially predicted by changes in BMI versus age.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients with facial computed tomography scans. Superficial cheek fat volumes were measured, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to model the relationships between cheek fat and corresponding sex, age, and BMI data.

Results

A total of 109 patients were included in our analysis (51 male, 58 female). The subjects' ages ranged from 21.7 to 91.1 years with a mean (SD) age of 59.7 (15.0) years. The mean (SD) superficial cheek volume of the subjects was 10.46 (2.57) cc. Female subjects had a significantly greater mean total superficial cheek fat volume compared to male subjects (11.18 cc vs. 9.64 cc; P < 0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that together, age, sex, and BMI explained 50.8% of the variance in cheek fat volumes (R² = 0.51, P < 0.001). BMI significantly predicted total cheek fat volume (β = 0.239, P < 0.001), in addition to age (β = 0.029, P < 0.017) and sex (β = − 1.183, P = 0.001; female = 0, male = 1). Age predicted the greatest gain of fat in the caudal subdivision of cheek (β = 0.015, P < 0.001), whereas BMI predicted the greatest gain in the cephalad subdivision (β = 0.106, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Age, sex, and BMI are important predictors of midfacial fat volume. This study shows that increases in age and BMI differentially predict the distribution of superficial cheek fat.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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Patterns of Superficial Midfacial Fat Volume Distribution Differ by Age and Body Mass Index

Abstract

Background

The changes that occur to midfacial fat with increasing age and BMI are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine how superficial cheek fat volume and distribution are differentially predicted by changes in BMI versus age.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients with facial computed tomography scans. Superficial cheek fat volumes were measured, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to model the relationships between cheek fat and corresponding sex, age, and BMI data.

Results

A total of 109 patients were included in our analysis (51 male, 58 female). The subjects' ages ranged from 21.7 to 91.1 years with a mean (SD) age of 59.7 (15.0) years. The mean (SD) superficial cheek volume of the subjects was 10.46 (2.57) cc. Female subjects had a significantly greater mean total superficial cheek fat volume compared to male subjects (11.18 cc vs. 9.64 cc; P < 0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that together, age, sex, and BMI explained 50.8% of the variance in cheek fat volumes (R² = 0.51, P < 0.001). BMI significantly predicted total cheek fat volume (β = 0.239, P < 0.001), in addition to age (β = 0.029, P < 0.017) and sex (β = − 1.183, P = 0.001; female = 0, male = 1). Age predicted the greatest gain of fat in the caudal subdivision of cheek (β = 0.015, P < 0.001), whereas BMI predicted the greatest gain in the cephalad subdivision (β = 0.106, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Age, sex, and BMI are important predictors of midfacial fat volume. This study shows that increases in age and BMI differentially predict the distribution of superficial cheek fat.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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Hung’s Difficult and Failed Airway Management, Third Edition

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2xVFoRt

Hung’s Difficult and Failed Airway Management, Third Edition

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2xVFoRt

Patterns of Superficial Midfacial Fat Volume Distribution Differ by Age and Body Mass Index

Abstract

Background

The changes that occur to midfacial fat with increasing age and BMI are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine how superficial cheek fat volume and distribution are differentially predicted by changes in BMI versus age.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients with facial computed tomography scans. Superficial cheek fat volumes were measured, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to model the relationships between cheek fat and corresponding sex, age, and BMI data.

Results

A total of 109 patients were included in our analysis (51 male, 58 female). The subjects' ages ranged from 21.7 to 91.1 years with a mean (SD) age of 59.7 (15.0) years. The mean (SD) superficial cheek volume of the subjects was 10.46 (2.57) cc. Female subjects had a significantly greater mean total superficial cheek fat volume compared to male subjects (11.18 cc vs. 9.64 cc; P < 0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that together, age, sex, and BMI explained 50.8% of the variance in cheek fat volumes (R² = 0.51, P < 0.001). BMI significantly predicted total cheek fat volume (β = 0.239, P < 0.001), in addition to age (β = 0.029, P < 0.017) and sex (β = − 1.183, P = 0.001; female = 0, male = 1). Age predicted the greatest gain of fat in the caudal subdivision of cheek (β = 0.015, P < 0.001), whereas BMI predicted the greatest gain in the cephalad subdivision (β = 0.106, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Age, sex, and BMI are important predictors of midfacial fat volume. This study shows that increases in age and BMI differentially predict the distribution of superficial cheek fat.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2NjfCeH

Patterns of Superficial Midfacial Fat Volume Distribution Differ by Age and Body Mass Index

Abstract

Background

The changes that occur to midfacial fat with increasing age and BMI are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine how superficial cheek fat volume and distribution are differentially predicted by changes in BMI versus age.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients with facial computed tomography scans. Superficial cheek fat volumes were measured, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to model the relationships between cheek fat and corresponding sex, age, and BMI data.

Results

A total of 109 patients were included in our analysis (51 male, 58 female). The subjects' ages ranged from 21.7 to 91.1 years with a mean (SD) age of 59.7 (15.0) years. The mean (SD) superficial cheek volume of the subjects was 10.46 (2.57) cc. Female subjects had a significantly greater mean total superficial cheek fat volume compared to male subjects (11.18 cc vs. 9.64 cc; P < 0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that together, age, sex, and BMI explained 50.8% of the variance in cheek fat volumes (R² = 0.51, P < 0.001). BMI significantly predicted total cheek fat volume (β = 0.239, P < 0.001), in addition to age (β = 0.029, P < 0.017) and sex (β = − 1.183, P = 0.001; female = 0, male = 1). Age predicted the greatest gain of fat in the caudal subdivision of cheek (β = 0.015, P < 0.001), whereas BMI predicted the greatest gain in the cephalad subdivision (β = 0.106, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Age, sex, and BMI are important predictors of midfacial fat volume. This study shows that increases in age and BMI differentially predict the distribution of superficial cheek fat.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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Peanut allergy – individual molecules as a key to precision medicine

Allergy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Peanut allergy – individual molecules as a key to precision medicine

Allergy, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2NkuvgH

Evaluation of interleukin-12 receptor β1 and interferon gamma receptor 1 deficiency in patients with disseminated BCG infection.

CONCLUSION: It is recommended that to avoid BCG complications, screening be performed for MSMD before BCG inoculation in individuals with positive family history of primary immunodeficiency diseases and inhabitants of areas with high frequency of consanguinity. PMID: 30268380 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P5hUQa

Current therapeutic paradigm in pediatric atopic dermatitis: Practical guidance from a national expert panel.

CONCLUSIONS: This set of practical recommendations represents a simple and fast snapshot on the pediatric use of common anti-AD therapeutics. PMID: 30268381 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2xRwm83

Association of M470V polymorphism of CFTR gene with variability of clinical expression of asthma: Case-report study.

CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first report on the distribution of the M470V polymorphism in asthmatic Tunisian patients. We noticed that the M470V variant could modulate the clinical phenotype of asthmatic patients. This preliminary study will establish the molecular basis of this disease in Tunisia. PMID: 30268379 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2xQ6GIQ

Evaluation of interleukin-12 receptor β1 and interferon gamma receptor 1 deficiency in patients with disseminated BCG infection.

CONCLUSION: It is recommended that to avoid BCG complications, screening be performed for MSMD before BCG inoculation in individuals with positive family history of primary immunodeficiency diseases and inhabitants of areas with high frequency of consanguinity. PMID: 30268380 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P5hUQa

Current therapeutic paradigm in pediatric atopic dermatitis: Practical guidance from a national expert panel.

CONCLUSIONS: This set of practical recommendations represents a simple and fast snapshot on the pediatric use of common anti-AD therapeutics. PMID: 30268381 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2xRwm83

Association of M470V polymorphism of CFTR gene with variability of clinical expression of asthma: Case-report study.

CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first report on the distribution of the M470V polymorphism in asthmatic Tunisian patients. We noticed that the M470V variant could modulate the clinical phenotype of asthmatic patients. This preliminary study will establish the molecular basis of this disease in Tunisia. PMID: 30268379 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2xQ6GIQ

Evaluation of the relationship between maxillary posterior teeth and the maxillary sinus floor using cone-beam computed tomography

Abstract

Background

Maxillary posterior teeth have close anatomical proximity to the maxillary sinus floor (MSF), and the race, gender, age, side and presence/absence of adjacent teeth may influence the mean distances between the root apices and the MSF. This study aimed to evaluate both the relationship between the maxillary posterior teeth and MSF, and the influence of adjacent teeth loss on the distance between the maxillary posterior roots and MSF.

Methods

Cone-beam computed tomography images were collected from 1011 Chinese patients. The relationship between the maxillary posterior teeth and the MSF was divided into three types: Type OS (the root apex extending below/outside the MSF), Type CO (the root apex contacting with the MSF), Type IS (the root apex extending above/inside the MSF). The minimum vertical distances between the maxillary posterior roots apices and the MSF were recorded. The correlations of the distances with gender and age were analyzed. The distances between the maxillary posterior root apices and the MSF with different types of adjacent teeth loss was evaluated.

Results

Type OS was the most common relationship of all posterior root apices (P<0.05). Type IS was highest in the palatal roots (PRs) of the maxillary first molars (MFMs) and the mesiobuccal roots (MBRs) of the maxillary second molars (MSMs) (24.8% and 21.6%) (P<0.05). The frequency of Type IS decreased with age except the premolar roots and PRs of the MSMs (P<0.05). The MBRs of the MSMs had the lowest distances to the MSF (0.8 ± 2.5 mm), followed by the distobuccal roots of the MSMs (1.3 ± 2.7 mm) and the PRs of the MFMs (1.4 ± 3.4 mm) (P<0.05). Age was an important influencing factor to the mean distances while gender had little effects. The distance between the maxillary second premolar root apices and the MSF decreased with the absence of adjacent teeth (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The maxillary molars showed greater proximity to the MSF than premolars. Age had significant impacts on the relationship between maxillary posterior roots and MSF. The absence of maxillary first molars will influence the proximity of maxillary second premolar root apices to MSF.

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Evaluation of the relationship between maxillary posterior teeth and the maxillary sinus floor using cone-beam computed tomography

Abstract

Background

Maxillary posterior teeth have close anatomical proximity to the maxillary sinus floor (MSF), and the race, gender, age, side and presence/absence of adjacent teeth may influence the mean distances between the root apices and the MSF. This study aimed to evaluate both the relationship between the maxillary posterior teeth and MSF, and the influence of adjacent teeth loss on the distance between the maxillary posterior roots and MSF.

Methods

Cone-beam computed tomography images were collected from 1011 Chinese patients. The relationship between the maxillary posterior teeth and the MSF was divided into three types: Type OS (the root apex extending below/outside the MSF), Type CO (the root apex contacting with the MSF), Type IS (the root apex extending above/inside the MSF). The minimum vertical distances between the maxillary posterior roots apices and the MSF were recorded. The correlations of the distances with gender and age were analyzed. The distances between the maxillary posterior root apices and the MSF with different types of adjacent teeth loss was evaluated.

Results

Type OS was the most common relationship of all posterior root apices (P<0.05). Type IS was highest in the palatal roots (PRs) of the maxillary first molars (MFMs) and the mesiobuccal roots (MBRs) of the maxillary second molars (MSMs) (24.8% and 21.6%) (P<0.05). The frequency of Type IS decreased with age except the premolar roots and PRs of the MSMs (P<0.05). The MBRs of the MSMs had the lowest distances to the MSF (0.8 ± 2.5 mm), followed by the distobuccal roots of the MSMs (1.3 ± 2.7 mm) and the PRs of the MFMs (1.4 ± 3.4 mm) (P<0.05). Age was an important influencing factor to the mean distances while gender had little effects. The distance between the maxillary second premolar root apices and the MSF decreased with the absence of adjacent teeth (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The maxillary molars showed greater proximity to the MSF than premolars. Age had significant impacts on the relationship between maxillary posterior roots and MSF. The absence of maxillary first molars will influence the proximity of maxillary second premolar root apices to MSF.

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Unusual mechanical processing of sounds at the apex of the guinea pig cochlea

Publication date: Available online 2 October 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Alberto Recio-Spinoso, John S. Oghalai

Abstract

One of the tenets of mammalian auditory physiology is that the frequency selectivity at the cochlear base decreases as a function of stimulus level. Changes in frequency selectivity have been shown to be accompanied by changes in response phases as a function of stimulus level. The existence of such nonlinear properties has been revealed by the analysis of either direct or indirect recordings of mechanical vibrations of the cochlea. Direct measurements of cochlear mechanical vibrations, however, have been carried out with success primarily in cochlear regions that are tuned to frequencies > 7 kHz, but not in regions sensitive to lower frequencies. In this paper we continue to analyze recently published data from measurements of sound-induced vibrations at four locations near the apex of the intact guinea pig cochlea, in a region encompassing approximately 25% of its total length. Analysis of the responses at all locations reveal level-dependent phase properties that are rather different from those usually reported at the base of the cochlea of laboratory animals such as the chinchilla. Cochlear group delays, for example, increase or remain constant with increasing stimulus. Similarly, frequency selectivity at all the regions increases as a function of stimulus level.

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Unusual mechanical processing of sounds at the apex of the guinea pig cochlea

Publication date: Available online 2 October 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Alberto Recio-Spinoso, John S. Oghalai

Abstract

One of the tenets of mammalian auditory physiology is that the frequency selectivity at the cochlear base decreases as a function of stimulus level. Changes in frequency selectivity have been shown to be accompanied by changes in response phases as a function of stimulus level. The existence of such nonlinear properties has been revealed by the analysis of either direct or indirect recordings of mechanical vibrations of the cochlea. Direct measurements of cochlear mechanical vibrations, however, have been carried out with success primarily in cochlear regions that are tuned to frequencies > 7 kHz, but not in regions sensitive to lower frequencies. In this paper we continue to analyze recently published data from measurements of sound-induced vibrations at four locations near the apex of the intact guinea pig cochlea, in a region encompassing approximately 25% of its total length. Analysis of the responses at all locations reveal level-dependent phase properties that are rather different from those usually reported at the base of the cochlea of laboratory animals such as the chinchilla. Cochlear group delays, for example, increase or remain constant with increasing stimulus. Similarly, frequency selectivity at all the regions increases as a function of stimulus level.

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Birth Anomalies in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins: Results From the California Twin Registry.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence for a multifactorial etiology underlying selected birth anomalies. Further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms. PMID: 30270263 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Epidemiology)

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Birth Anomalies in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins: Results From the California Twin Registry.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence for a multifactorial etiology underlying selected birth anomalies. Further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms. PMID: 30270263 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Epidemiology)

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Dr David Pothier 1973‐2018

Clinical Otolaryngology, EarlyView.


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Recombinant human BMP9 (RhBMP9) in comparison with rhBMP2 for ridge augmentation following tooth extraction: An experimental study in the Beagle dog

Clinical Oral Implants Research, EarlyView.


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To Pack or Not to Pack: Inpatient Management of Epistaxis in the Elderly.

Conclusion Nonpacking interventions in the elderly do not appear to be associated with increased morbidity or mortality when compared to nasal packing only but appear to be associated with increased hospital charges and length of stay. Embolization in the elderly results in greater hospital charges but no change in outcome when compared to ligation. PMID: 30270635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy)

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Dr David Pothier 1973‐2018

Clinical Otolaryngology, EarlyView.


from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Oycmkl

Recombinant human BMP9 (RhBMP9) in comparison with rhBMP2 for ridge augmentation following tooth extraction: An experimental study in the Beagle dog

Clinical Oral Implants Research, EarlyView.


from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2zP4WBb

To Pack or Not to Pack: Inpatient Management of Epistaxis in the Elderly.

Conclusion Nonpacking interventions in the elderly do not appear to be associated with increased morbidity or mortality when compared to nasal packing only but appear to be associated with increased hospital charges and length of stay. Embolization in the elderly results in greater hospital charges but no change in outcome when compared to ligation. PMID: 30270635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy)

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T1–D–T2 correlation of porous media with compressed sensing at low-field NMR

Publication date: Available online 2 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Yan Zhang, Lizhi Xiao, Xin Li, Guangzhi Liao

Abstract

3D Laplace NMR can distinguish different components of confined fluid in sedimentary rocks, which is important to oil industry. However, the measurement time for such experiments is very long, which hinders the application in some cases such as NMR well logging. In this research, we accelerated T₁–D–T₂ experiment with compressed sensing (CS) method at low-field NMR. Simulation was first performed to examine the CS reconstruction method. The experiments were subsequently implemented on a 2 MHz spectrometer (Oxford instrument), which has a similar magnetic field strength to well logging tool. The T₁, D and T₂ information are obtained by the inversion recovery, pulsed field gradients and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) method, respectively. The subsampling is applied in T₁ and D dimensions with pseudo-random sampling. The measurement time reduced from 3 h to 0.6 h with CS method and a relative error of around 5% is achieved for data with signal-to-noise ratio of 28. The water and oil peaks are clearly distinguished in the correlation maps from subsampled data. The samples with different oil-water ratio and glass bead volume fraction were measured to examine the sensitivity of this method. In addition, diffusion and relaxation properties of the correlation maps are discussed.

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Evaluation of benchtop NMR Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy for small molecule mixture analysis

Publication date: Available online 2 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Evan R. McCarney, Robin Dykstra, Petrik Galvosas

Abstract

Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) is an attractive method for analyzing chemical mixtures in the liquid state because it separates spectra by the molecular weight of the associated molecule. It has been compared with hyphenated chromatographic and analytical methods such LC-MS and has broad potential in servicing those same applications including forensics, reaction analysis, quality control, and fraud detection. Benchtop NMR can collect quality spectra on small molecules, however, lacks the chemical shift dispersion of high field instruments, can suffer from spectral overlap common in mixtures, and the diminished sensitivity of the lower field compounds these problems. In this work, we show that existing high field pulse sequences and processing methods perform well at 43 MHz. Spectra from molecular mixtures where the constituents had 20% differences in diffusion coefficients and significant overlap were able to be matched to a bespoke spectral library and identified correctly. In addition, spectra from mixtures with constituents that have severe overlap in the spectrum and differ by 50% in diffusion coefficients were also able to be match and identified correctly. The combination of benchtop NMR and easy implementation of modern pulse sequences and processing show promise of bringing these useful methods to chemistry laboratories in research and industrial environments.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2zNZ5M9

T1–D–T2 correlation of porous media with compressed sensing at low-field NMR

Publication date: Available online 2 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Yan Zhang, Lizhi Xiao, Xin Li, Guangzhi Liao

Abstract

3D Laplace NMR can distinguish different components of confined fluid in sedimentary rocks, which is important to oil industry. However, the measurement time for such experiments is very long, which hinders the application in some cases such as NMR well logging. In this research, we accelerated T₁–D–T₂ experiment with compressed sensing (CS) method at low-field NMR. Simulation was first performed to examine the CS reconstruction method. The experiments were subsequently implemented on a 2 MHz spectrometer (Oxford instrument), which has a similar magnetic field strength to well logging tool. The T₁, D and T₂ information are obtained by the inversion recovery, pulsed field gradients and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) method, respectively. The subsampling is applied in T₁ and D dimensions with pseudo-random sampling. The measurement time reduced from 3 h to 0.6 h with CS method and a relative error of around 5% is achieved for data with signal-to-noise ratio of 28. The water and oil peaks are clearly distinguished in the correlation maps from subsampled data. The samples with different oil-water ratio and glass bead volume fraction were measured to examine the sensitivity of this method. In addition, diffusion and relaxation properties of the correlation maps are discussed.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2DRXE3i

Evaluation of benchtop NMR Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy for small molecule mixture analysis

Publication date: Available online 2 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Evan R. McCarney, Robin Dykstra, Petrik Galvosas

Abstract

Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) is an attractive method for analyzing chemical mixtures in the liquid state because it separates spectra by the molecular weight of the associated molecule. It has been compared with hyphenated chromatographic and analytical methods such LC-MS and has broad potential in servicing those same applications including forensics, reaction analysis, quality control, and fraud detection. Benchtop NMR can collect quality spectra on small molecules, however, lacks the chemical shift dispersion of high field instruments, can suffer from spectral overlap common in mixtures, and the diminished sensitivity of the lower field compounds these problems. In this work, we show that existing high field pulse sequences and processing methods perform well at 43 MHz. Spectra from molecular mixtures where the constituents had 20% differences in diffusion coefficients and significant overlap were able to be matched to a bespoke spectral library and identified correctly. In addition, spectra from mixtures with constituents that have severe overlap in the spectrum and differ by 50% in diffusion coefficients were also able to be match and identified correctly. The combination of benchtop NMR and easy implementation of modern pulse sequences and processing show promise of bringing these useful methods to chemistry laboratories in research and industrial environments.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2zNZ5M9

Optimization and comparative evaluation of nonlinear deformation algorithms for atlas-based segmentation of DBS target nuclei

Publication date: 1 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage, Volume 184

Author(s): Siobhan Ewert, Andreas Horn, Francisca Finkel, Ningfei Li, Andrea A. Kühn, Todd M. Herrington

Abstract

Nonlinear registration of individual brain MRI scans to standard brain templates is common practice in neuroimaging and multiple registration algorithms have been developed and refined over the last 20 years. However, little has been done to quantitatively compare the available algorithms and much of that work has exclusively focused on cortical structures given their importance in the fMRI literature. In contrast, for clinical applications such as functional neurosurgery and deep brain stimulation (DBS), proper alignment of subcortical structures between template and individual space is important. This allows for atlas-based segmentations of anatomical DBS targets such as the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and internal pallidum (GPi).

Here, we systematically evaluated the performance of six modern and established algorithms on subcortical normalization and segmentation results by calculating over 11,000 nonlinear warps in over 100 subjects. For each algorithm, we evaluated its performance using T1-or T2-weighted acquisitions alone or a combination of T1-, T2-and PD-weighted acquisitions in parallel. Furthermore, we present optimized parameters for the best performing algorithms. We tested each algorithm on two datasets, a state-of-the-art MRI cohort of young subjects and a cohort of subjects age- and MR-quality-matched to a typical DBS Parkinson's Disease cohort. Our final pipeline is able to segment DBS targets with precision comparable to manual expert segmentations in both cohorts. Although the present study focuses on the two prominent DBS targets, STN and GPi, these methods may extend to other small subcortical structures like thalamic nuclei or the nucleus accumbens.

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Optimization and comparative evaluation of nonlinear deformation algorithms for atlas-based segmentation of DBS target nuclei

Publication date: 1 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage, Volume 184

Author(s): Siobhan Ewert, Andreas Horn, Francisca Finkel, Ningfei Li, Andrea A. Kühn, Todd M. Herrington

Abstract

Nonlinear registration of individual brain MRI scans to standard brain templates is common practice in neuroimaging and multiple registration algorithms have been developed and refined over the last 20 years. However, little has been done to quantitatively compare the available algorithms and much of that work has exclusively focused on cortical structures given their importance in the fMRI literature. In contrast, for clinical applications such as functional neurosurgery and deep brain stimulation (DBS), proper alignment of subcortical structures between template and individual space is important. This allows for atlas-based segmentations of anatomical DBS targets such as the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and internal pallidum (GPi).

Here, we systematically evaluated the performance of six modern and established algorithms on subcortical normalization and segmentation results by calculating over 11,000 nonlinear warps in over 100 subjects. For each algorithm, we evaluated its performance using T1-or T2-weighted acquisitions alone or a combination of T1-, T2-and PD-weighted acquisitions in parallel. Furthermore, we present optimized parameters for the best performing algorithms. We tested each algorithm on two datasets, a state-of-the-art MRI cohort of young subjects and a cohort of subjects age- and MR-quality-matched to a typical DBS Parkinson's Disease cohort. Our final pipeline is able to segment DBS targets with precision comparable to manual expert segmentations in both cohorts. Although the present study focuses on the two prominent DBS targets, STN and GPi, these methods may extend to other small subcortical structures like thalamic nuclei or the nucleus accumbens.

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Hearing loss in preschool children from a low income South African community

Publication date: Available online 3 October 2018

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Shouneez Yousuf Hussein, De Wet Swanepoel, Faheema Mahomed-Asmail, Leigh Biagio de Jager

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to determine and describe hearing loss among preschool children in a South African community representative of typical low- and middle income countries (LMIC).

Method

Children between the ages of 3-6 years received a hearing screening at their early childhood development (ECD) center. If a child failed the hearing screening, he/she was seen for a follow-up rescreen and diagnostic assessment if necessary at their ECD center or closest referral clinic. Diagnostic testing consisted of otoscopy, tympanommetry and pure-tone diagnostic audiometry.

Results

A total of 6424 children were screened at ECD centers with a referral rate of 24.9%. Follow-up assessments were conducted on 45.3% (725) of these children. Diagnostic testing revealed that 9.3% of children presented with impacted cerumen and 18.7% presented with a hearing loss (56.5% binaural). Binary logistic regression revealed no gender or age effects (p>0.05). Conductive hearing loss (65.2%) was the most common type of hearing loss found in children.

Conclusions

Most preschool children who failed the hearing screening and received a diagnostic assessment were in need of intervention services for conductive hearing losses, followed by sensorineural and mixed losses.

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Maternal risk factors for severe microtia/atresia in China: A case-control study

Publication date: Available online 3 October 2018

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Qiang Liu, Xinmiao Fan, Shuang Liu, Li Wang, Yulin Jiang, Xiaowei Chen

Abstract

Objective

Microtia/atresia is a severe malformation of the external ear. Previous studies have reported the potential risk factors on microtia, whereas few focused on severe microtia/atresia. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to environmental risk factors in patients with severe microtia/atresia in China.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted. Cases were patients with severe microtia/atresia who presented to PUMCH between January 2014 and October 2017. A total of 322 patients with severe microtia/atresia were enrolled and 322 normal controls matched 1:1 with the patients by sex, age and nationality were enrolled. The designed questionnaires were completed and data were gathered. Odds ratios were estimated with logistic regression models along with 95% confidence intervals in severe microtia/atresia.

Results

Most cases were males(68.6%), and the cases were observed more common in unilateral(80.7%), right-sided (54.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that threatened abortion (OR 4.066,95% CI = 2.360–7.007), NSAIDs (OR 2.576,95% CI = 1.079–6.148), virus infection (OR 1.933,95% CI = 1.148–3.256), anemia (OR 1.902,95% CI = 1.026–3.526), miscarriages (OR 1.804,95% CI = 1.425–2.285), maternal age (OR 1.079,95% CI = 1.015–1.148) and paternal age (OR 1.061,95% CI = 1.003–1.122) were associated with a higher risk of severe microtia/atresia.

Conclusion

These results support that some maternal risk factors could be associated with severe microtia/atresia.

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Hearing loss in preschool children from a low income South African community

Publication date: Available online 3 October 2018

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Shouneez Yousuf Hussein, De Wet Swanepoel, Faheema Mahomed-Asmail, Leigh Biagio de Jager

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to determine and describe hearing loss among preschool children in a South African community representative of typical low- and middle income countries (LMIC).

Method

Children between the ages of 3-6 years received a hearing screening at their early childhood development (ECD) center. If a child failed the hearing screening, he/she was seen for a follow-up rescreen and diagnostic assessment if necessary at their ECD center or closest referral clinic. Diagnostic testing consisted of otoscopy, tympanommetry and pure-tone diagnostic audiometry.

Results

A total of 6424 children were screened at ECD centers with a referral rate of 24.9%. Follow-up assessments were conducted on 45.3% (725) of these children. Diagnostic testing revealed that 9.3% of children presented with impacted cerumen and 18.7% presented with a hearing loss (56.5% binaural). Binary logistic regression revealed no gender or age effects (p>0.05). Conductive hearing loss (65.2%) was the most common type of hearing loss found in children.

Conclusions

Most preschool children who failed the hearing screening and received a diagnostic assessment were in need of intervention services for conductive hearing losses, followed by sensorineural and mixed losses.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P8o6qP

Maternal risk factors for severe microtia/atresia in China: A case-control study

Publication date: Available online 3 October 2018

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Qiang Liu, Xinmiao Fan, Shuang Liu, Li Wang, Yulin Jiang, Xiaowei Chen

Abstract

Objective

Microtia/atresia is a severe malformation of the external ear. Previous studies have reported the potential risk factors on microtia, whereas few focused on severe microtia/atresia. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to environmental risk factors in patients with severe microtia/atresia in China.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted. Cases were patients with severe microtia/atresia who presented to PUMCH between January 2014 and October 2017. A total of 322 patients with severe microtia/atresia were enrolled and 322 normal controls matched 1:1 with the patients by sex, age and nationality were enrolled. The designed questionnaires were completed and data were gathered. Odds ratios were estimated with logistic regression models along with 95% confidence intervals in severe microtia/atresia.

Results

Most cases were males(68.6%), and the cases were observed more common in unilateral(80.7%), right-sided (54.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that threatened abortion (OR 4.066,95% CI = 2.360–7.007), NSAIDs (OR 2.576,95% CI = 1.079–6.148), virus infection (OR 1.933,95% CI = 1.148–3.256), anemia (OR 1.902,95% CI = 1.026–3.526), miscarriages (OR 1.804,95% CI = 1.425–2.285), maternal age (OR 1.079,95% CI = 1.015–1.148) and paternal age (OR 1.061,95% CI = 1.003–1.122) were associated with a higher risk of severe microtia/atresia.

Conclusion

These results support that some maternal risk factors could be associated with severe microtia/atresia.

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Pret a Manger to label products after allergy death

Sandwich chain to list all ingredients including allergens on its products after death of Natasha Ednan-Laperouse. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

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Pret a Manger to label products after allergy death

Sandwich chain to list all ingredients including allergens on its products after death of Natasha Ednan-Laperouse. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

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Pret a Manger to label products after allergy death

Sandwich chain to list all ingredients including allergens on its products after death of Natasha Ednan-Laperouse. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

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Pret a Manger to label products after allergy death

Sandwich chain to list all ingredients including allergens on its products after death of Natasha Ednan-Laperouse. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

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Can a brief psychological intervention improve oral health behaviour? A randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Background

Dental caries is a major public health issue affecting a large proportion of the general population. The disease is associated with behavioural factors and is thus preventable to a high degree. Individuals may need assistance to be able to change their oral health behaviour. There is a lack of such interventions for adults affected by severe caries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a form of cognitive behavioural therapy, on oral health behaviour in young adults with poor oral health.

Methods

The study included a two group parallel randomised controlled trial at general dental clinics, with young adults, 18–25 years of age, ≥ two manifest proximal dental caries lesions (n = 135); 67 were treated with ACT and 68 with standard disease information only, respectively. Primary outcomes: oral health behaviours (tooth-brushing, flossing, use of toothpicks, and additional fluoride use). The CONSORT principles for RCTs were used, including intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses. The Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were applied, including effect sizes.

Results

The study groups did not differ with regard to oral health behaviour variables at baseline. The intervention group improved all their oral health behaviours significantly over time (effect sizes, 0.26–0.32), while the control group showed improved behaviours on two measures (flossing and additional use of fluoride, effect sizes, 0.22–0.23).

Conclusions

By testing a psychological intervention on young adults (18–25 years of age) with a high prevalence of caries, we found an immediate positive effect with improved oral health behaviours.

Trial registration

TRN ISRCTN15009620, retrospectively registered 14/03/2018.

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Assessment of the effect of the corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment on the maxillary periodontal tissue in patients with malocclusions with transverse maxillary deficiency: a case series

Abstract

Background

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of corticotomy–assisted orthodontic treatment on soft tissue clinical parameters in patients with malocclusions with transverse maxillary deficiency.

Methods

The study included 20 generally healthy adult individuals with malocclusion, who underwent a corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment in maxilla. During the corticotomy performed after full-thickness flap elevation, only the buccal cortical plate was cut with the use of OTS-7, OTS7–4, OTS7-3 ultrasound tips of the piezosurgery device (Mectron s. p. a., Italy). A clinical examination was performed prior to the corticotomy procedure, then repeated – 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the procedure. The following parameters were assessed: FMPI (full mouth plaque index), FMBOP (full mouth bleading on probing), PD (probing depth), CAL (clinical attachment level), GR (gingival recession height), RW (recession width), PH (papilla height), PW (papilla width), BS (bone sounding), biotype and KT.

Results

There was a statistically significant reduction in PD (mean difference: 0.06; 95% Cl: − 0.33, − 0.18), CAL (mean difference: 0.07; 95% Cl: − 0.33, − 0.19), PH (mean difference: 0.26; 95% Cl: − 0.47, 0.05) and BS (mean difference: 0.13; 95% Cl: − 0.41, − 0.14) after the treatment. Statistically significant changes were also noted in relation to KT (mean difference: 0.17; 95% Cl: − 0.07, 0.27) and biotype (mean difference: 0.07; 95% Cl: 0.26, 0.39), which thickness increased significantly after the treatment. No statistically significant differences were observed in GR, RW and PW.

Conclusions

The corticotomy–assisted orthodontic treatment did not jeopardize the periodontal clinical status in maxilla. There is a need for further studies on a larger number of patient to compare the clinical findings with a control group as well as in patients with conventional orthodontic treatment in a longer follow-up time to find out more about the post-treatment periodontal tissue changes and stability.

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Can a brief psychological intervention improve oral health behaviour? A randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Background

Dental caries is a major public health issue affecting a large proportion of the general population. The disease is associated with behavioural factors and is thus preventable to a high degree. Individuals may need assistance to be able to change their oral health behaviour. There is a lack of such interventions for adults affected by severe caries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a form of cognitive behavioural therapy, on oral health behaviour in young adults with poor oral health.

Methods

The study included a two group parallel randomised controlled trial at general dental clinics, with young adults, 18–25 years of age, ≥ two manifest proximal dental caries lesions (n = 135); 67 were treated with ACT and 68 with standard disease information only, respectively. Primary outcomes: oral health behaviours (tooth-brushing, flossing, use of toothpicks, and additional fluoride use). The CONSORT principles for RCTs were used, including intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses. The Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were applied, including effect sizes.

Results

The study groups did not differ with regard to oral health behaviour variables at baseline. The intervention group improved all their oral health behaviours significantly over time (effect sizes, 0.26–0.32), while the control group showed improved behaviours on two measures (flossing and additional use of fluoride, effect sizes, 0.22–0.23).

Conclusions

By testing a psychological intervention on young adults (18–25 years of age) with a high prevalence of caries, we found an immediate positive effect with improved oral health behaviours.

Trial registration

TRN ISRCTN15009620, retrospectively registered 14/03/2018.

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