Peanut allergy treatment around the corner but cost raises concerns

Scientists think treatment in which children take increasing doses of peanut protein will be approved next yearThe first medical treatment for children with peanut allergies is likely to be approved next year but there are concerns about its affordability, even though it consists essentially of peanut flour.A study in the US and at the UK 's Evelina children's hospital shows that gradually increasing a tiny initial dose of peanut protein over six months enabled two-thirds of children eventually to eat two peanuts without ill effects. The paper, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, followsa similar, smaller trial in Cambridge, UK, four years ago.Continue reading... (Source: Guardian Unlimited Science)

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Peanut-Derived Oral Agent Wins as Allergy Immunotherapy

(MedPage Today) -- But experts question duration of benefit and potential cost of drug (Source: MedPage Today Pediatrics)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QSQA8Q

Peanut allergy treatment around the corner but cost raises concerns

Scientists think treatment in which children take increasing doses of peanut protein will be approved next yearThe first medical treatment for children with peanut allergies is likely to be approved next year but there are concerns about its affordability, even though it consists essentially of peanut flour.A study in the US and at the UK 's Evelina children's hospital shows that gradually increasing a tiny initial dose of peanut protein over six months enabled two-thirds of children eventually to eat two peanuts without ill effects. The paper, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, followsa similar, smaller trial in Cambridge, UK, four years ago.Continue reading... (Source: Guardian Unlimited Science)

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Peanut-Derived Oral Agent Wins as Allergy Immunotherapy

(MedPage Today) -- But experts question duration of benefit and potential cost of drug (Source: MedPage Today Pediatrics)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QSQA8Q

Cover Image

The cover image is based on the Correspondence Video head impulse test results suggest that different pathomechanisms underlie sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo and vestibular neuritis: Our experience in fi fty‐two patients by Qingxiu Yao et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13196.

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Author Guidelines

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Acknowledgements to Reviewers

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Issue Information

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Cover Image

The cover image is based on the Correspondence Video head impulse test results suggest that different pathomechanisms underlie sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo and vestibular neuritis: Our experience in fi fty‐two patients by Qingxiu Yao et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13196.

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Author Guidelines

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QSZxil

Acknowledgements to Reviewers

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Issue Information

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QTXOtc

Peanut allergy treatment around the corner but cost raises concerns

Scientists think treatment in which children take increasing doses of peanut protein will be approved next yearThe first medical treatment for children with peanut allergies is likely to be approved next year but there are concerns about its affordability, even though it consists essentially of peanut flour.A study in the US and at the UK 's Evelina children's hospital shows that gradually increasing a tiny initial dose of peanut protein over six months enabled two-thirds of children eventually to eat two peanuts without ill effects. The paper, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, followsa similar, smaller trial in Cambridge, UK, four years ago.Continue reading... (Source: Guardian Unlimited Science)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PDC0VZ

Peanut-Derived Oral Agent Wins as Allergy Immunotherapy

(MedPage Today) -- But experts question duration of benefit and potential cost of drug (Source: MedPage Today Pediatrics)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QSQA8Q

Peanut allergy treatment around the corner but cost raises concerns

Scientists think treatment in which children take increasing doses of peanut protein will be approved next yearThe first medical treatment for children with peanut allergies is likely to be approved next year but there are concerns about its affordability, even though it consists essentially of peanut flour.A study in the US and at the UK 's Evelina children's hospital shows that gradually increasing a tiny initial dose of peanut protein over six months enabled two-thirds of children eventually to eat two peanuts without ill effects. The paper, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, followsa similar, smaller trial in Cambridge, UK, four years ago.Continue reading... (Source: Guardian Unlimited Science)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PDC0VZ

Peanut-Derived Oral Agent Wins as Allergy Immunotherapy

(MedPage Today) -- But experts question duration of benefit and potential cost of drug (Source: MedPage Today Pediatrics)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QSQA8Q

Will Peanut Treatment Guard Against Peanut Allergy?

SUNDAY, Nov. 18, 2018 -- People with peanut allergy can protect themselves from an allergic reaction by consuming a small amount of peanut powder every day, a new study suggests. The " breakthrough " findings mean this new treatment is ready for... (Source: Drugs.com - Daily MedNews)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Fxqw1J

Will Peanut Treatment Guard Against Peanut Allergy?

SUNDAY, Nov. 18, 2018 -- People with peanut allergy can protect themselves from an allergic reaction by consuming a small amount of peanut powder every day, a new study suggests. The " breakthrough " findings mean this new treatment is ready for... (Source: Drugs.com - Daily MedNews)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Fxqw1J

Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby?

From: Healthline Media
Health News
Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby?
Experts have been debating the benefits of universal thyroid testing in pregnant women.

 

 

The post Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby? appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

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Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby?

From: Healthline Media
Health News
Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby?
Experts have been debating the benefits of universal thyroid testing in pregnant women.

 

 

The post Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby? appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2RYVy3W

Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby?

From: Healthline Media
Health News
Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby?
Experts have been debating the benefits of universal thyroid testing in pregnant women.

 

 

The post Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby? appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2RYVy3W

Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby?

From: Healthline Media
Health News
Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby?
Experts have been debating the benefits of universal thyroid testing in pregnant women.

 

 

The post Can Thyroid Screening During Pregnancy Protect Your Baby? appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2RYVy3W

New Peanut Allergy Drug Shows ‘ Lifesaving ’ Potential

Results from a new study may lead to approval of what could be the first drug that ameliorates potentially deadly reactions in children with severe peanut allergies. (Source: NYT Health)

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Will Peanut Treatment Guard Against Peanut Allergy?

SUNDAY, Nov. 18, 2018 -- People with peanut allergy can protect themselves from an allergic reaction by consuming a small amount of peanut powder every day, a new study suggests. The " breakthrough " findings mean this new treatment is ready for... (Source: Drugs.com - Daily MedNews)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Fxqw1J

Characterization of tenascin-C as a novel biomarker for asthma: utility of tenascin-C in combination with periostin or immunoglobulin E

Abstract

Background

Extracellular matrix proteins tenascin-C (TNC) and periostin, which were identified as T-helper cell type 2 cytokine-induced genes in human bronchial epithelial cells, accumulate in the airway basement membrane of asthmatic patients. Although serum periostin has been accepted as a type 2 biomarker, serum TNC has not been evaluated as a systemic biomarker in asthma. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether serum TNC can serve as a novel biomarker for asthma.

Methods

We evaluated 126 adult patients with mild to severe asthma. Serum TNC, periostin, and total IgE concentrations were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

Serum TNC levels were significantly higher in patients with severe asthma and high serum total IgE levels. Patients with both high serum TNC (> 37.16 ng/mL) and high serum periostin (> 95 ng/mL) levels (n = 20) or patients with both high serum TNC and high serum total IgE (> 100 IU/mL) levels (n = 36) presented higher disease severity and more severe airflow limitation than patients in other subpopulations.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that serum TNC levels in asthmatic patients are associated with clinical features of asthma and that the combination of serum TNC and periostin levels or combination of serum TNC and total IgE levels were more useful for asthma than each single marker, suggesting that serum TNC can serve as a novel biomarker for asthma.

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The clinical burden of allergic rhinitis in five Middle Eastern countries: results of the SNAPSHOT program

Abstract

Background

The SNAPSHOT program provides current data on the allergic rhinitis burden in the adult general population of five Middle Eastern countries (Egypt, Turkey, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, the latter three grouped into a Gulf cluster).

Methods

A multi-country, cross-sectional, epidemiological program conducted by telephone in a random sample of the adult general population; quotas were defined per country demographics. Subjects were screened for allergic rhinitis using the Score For Allergic Rhinitis questionnaire. Current prevalence (last 12 months) was estimated. Disease severity and control were assessed using the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma classification and Rhinitis Control Assessment Test respectively. Quality of sleep, impact on daily activities and quality of life were measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale and EuroQol Five-Dimension questionnaire respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate risk factors and co-morbidities.

Results

1808 of 33,486 subjects enrolled in the SNAPSHOT program fulfilled the case definition for allergic rhinitis. Prevalence was 3.6% [95% CI 3.2–4.0%] in Egypt, 6.4% [95% CI 5.9–6.9%] in Turkey and 6.4% [95% CI 6.0–6.9%] in the Gulf cluster. Risk factors identified were country, co-morbid asthma and income. Subjects with allergic rhinitis reported a significantly lower quality of life compared to the general population (p < 0.0001). Overall, 55% of allergic rhinitis subjects were moderate/severe and 33% were uncontrolled. Both these groups reported impaired quality of life and quality of sleep and increased impairment of daily activities compared to mild/well-controlled subjects (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Although the observed prevalence of allergic rhinitis in these Middle Eastern countries is low compared to western countries, its burden is considerable. Allergic rhinitis in general, and specifically uncontrolled and severe disease, results in a negative impact on quality of life, quality of sleep and daily activities.

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Fetal cord blood and tissue immune responses to chronic placental inflammation and chorioamnionitis

Abstract

Background

Chorioamnionitis is a risk factor for future asthma development. Animal models of chorioamnionitis demonstrate increased T_H17-to-T_reg ratios associated with proinflammatory cytokine elevations. The association of chorioamnionitis on human neonatal immune cells systemically and within tissues is not known.

Methods

We enrolled two cohorts to evaluate T_H17 and regulatory T cell (T_reg) phenotypic markers in chorioamnionitis. From a cohort of 19 live birth infants, we collected cord blood and placenta samples to evaluate for signs of acute and chronic histologic inflammation and cell phenotype characterization. We analyzed a second cohort of stillborn infants with and without chorioamnionitis to classify and enumerate cell infiltrate phenotypes in the spleen, thymus, and lung. We used linear regression analysis determine the association of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t positive (RORγt⁺) and T_reg cell frequency with different types of inflammation seen in the live cohort subjects. Using linear mixed models, we evaluated for any associations between chorioamnionitis and T- and B-cell with a logarithmic scale for level of expression of cellular markers. We then performed Wilcoxon rank sum tests to assess the associations between cell count and chorioamnionitis.

Results

In the live birth subjects with chronic placental inflammation we observed an increased proportion of RORγt⁺ cells in Foxp3⁺ cells, regardless of the presence of acute inflammation, compared to subjects with neither acute nor chronic inflammation. We also found an increased proportion of RORγt⁺ cells within Foxp3⁺ cells in subjects with acute high stage fetal and maternal inflammation compared to those without acute or chronic inflammation. In the stillborn subjects with chorioamnionitis, we observed a decrease in splenic Foxp3⁺ cells and an increase in lung CD3⁺ cells compared with subjects that did not have chorioamnionitis.

Conclusion

Exposure to chorioamnionitis in utero may affect immune activation in neonates with an increased frequency of RORγt⁺ cells systemically as well as lymphocytic infiltrate in the lung. Our findings suggest an increase in RORγt⁺ cells during chorioamnionitis and thus may support the known associations between chorioamnionitis with asthma.

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New Peanut Allergy Drug Shows ‘ Lifesaving ’ Potential

Results from a new study may lead to approval of what could be the first drug that ameliorates potentially deadly reactions in children with severe peanut allergies. (Source: NYT Health)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

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Will Peanut Treatment Guard Against Peanut Allergy?

SUNDAY, Nov. 18, 2018 -- People with peanut allergy can protect themselves from an allergic reaction by consuming a small amount of peanut powder every day, a new study suggests. The " breakthrough " findings mean this new treatment is ready for... (Source: Drugs.com - Daily MedNews)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Fxqw1J

Characterization of tenascin-C as a novel biomarker for asthma: utility of tenascin-C in combination with periostin or immunoglobulin E

Abstract

Background

Extracellular matrix proteins tenascin-C (TNC) and periostin, which were identified as T-helper cell type 2 cytokine-induced genes in human bronchial epithelial cells, accumulate in the airway basement membrane of asthmatic patients. Although serum periostin has been accepted as a type 2 biomarker, serum TNC has not been evaluated as a systemic biomarker in asthma. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether serum TNC can serve as a novel biomarker for asthma.

Methods

We evaluated 126 adult patients with mild to severe asthma. Serum TNC, periostin, and total IgE concentrations were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

Serum TNC levels were significantly higher in patients with severe asthma and high serum total IgE levels. Patients with both high serum TNC (> 37.16 ng/mL) and high serum periostin (> 95 ng/mL) levels (n = 20) or patients with both high serum TNC and high serum total IgE (> 100 IU/mL) levels (n = 36) presented higher disease severity and more severe airflow limitation than patients in other subpopulations.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that serum TNC levels in asthmatic patients are associated with clinical features of asthma and that the combination of serum TNC and periostin levels or combination of serum TNC and total IgE levels were more useful for asthma than each single marker, suggesting that serum TNC can serve as a novel biomarker for asthma.

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The clinical burden of allergic rhinitis in five Middle Eastern countries: results of the SNAPSHOT program

Abstract

Background

The SNAPSHOT program provides current data on the allergic rhinitis burden in the adult general population of five Middle Eastern countries (Egypt, Turkey, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, the latter three grouped into a Gulf cluster).

Methods

A multi-country, cross-sectional, epidemiological program conducted by telephone in a random sample of the adult general population; quotas were defined per country demographics. Subjects were screened for allergic rhinitis using the Score For Allergic Rhinitis questionnaire. Current prevalence (last 12 months) was estimated. Disease severity and control were assessed using the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma classification and Rhinitis Control Assessment Test respectively. Quality of sleep, impact on daily activities and quality of life were measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale and EuroQol Five-Dimension questionnaire respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate risk factors and co-morbidities.

Results

1808 of 33,486 subjects enrolled in the SNAPSHOT program fulfilled the case definition for allergic rhinitis. Prevalence was 3.6% [95% CI 3.2–4.0%] in Egypt, 6.4% [95% CI 5.9–6.9%] in Turkey and 6.4% [95% CI 6.0–6.9%] in the Gulf cluster. Risk factors identified were country, co-morbid asthma and income. Subjects with allergic rhinitis reported a significantly lower quality of life compared to the general population (p < 0.0001). Overall, 55% of allergic rhinitis subjects were moderate/severe and 33% were uncontrolled. Both these groups reported impaired quality of life and quality of sleep and increased impairment of daily activities compared to mild/well-controlled subjects (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Although the observed prevalence of allergic rhinitis in these Middle Eastern countries is low compared to western countries, its burden is considerable. Allergic rhinitis in general, and specifically uncontrolled and severe disease, results in a negative impact on quality of life, quality of sleep and daily activities.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2TpqCv9

Fetal cord blood and tissue immune responses to chronic placental inflammation and chorioamnionitis

Abstract

Background

Chorioamnionitis is a risk factor for future asthma development. Animal models of chorioamnionitis demonstrate increased T_H17-to-T_reg ratios associated with proinflammatory cytokine elevations. The association of chorioamnionitis on human neonatal immune cells systemically and within tissues is not known.

Methods

We enrolled two cohorts to evaluate T_H17 and regulatory T cell (T_reg) phenotypic markers in chorioamnionitis. From a cohort of 19 live birth infants, we collected cord blood and placenta samples to evaluate for signs of acute and chronic histologic inflammation and cell phenotype characterization. We analyzed a second cohort of stillborn infants with and without chorioamnionitis to classify and enumerate cell infiltrate phenotypes in the spleen, thymus, and lung. We used linear regression analysis determine the association of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t positive (RORγt⁺) and T_reg cell frequency with different types of inflammation seen in the live cohort subjects. Using linear mixed models, we evaluated for any associations between chorioamnionitis and T- and B-cell with a logarithmic scale for level of expression of cellular markers. We then performed Wilcoxon rank sum tests to assess the associations between cell count and chorioamnionitis.

Results

In the live birth subjects with chronic placental inflammation we observed an increased proportion of RORγt⁺ cells in Foxp3⁺ cells, regardless of the presence of acute inflammation, compared to subjects with neither acute nor chronic inflammation. We also found an increased proportion of RORγt⁺ cells within Foxp3⁺ cells in subjects with acute high stage fetal and maternal inflammation compared to those without acute or chronic inflammation. In the stillborn subjects with chorioamnionitis, we observed a decrease in splenic Foxp3⁺ cells and an increase in lung CD3⁺ cells compared with subjects that did not have chorioamnionitis.

Conclusion

Exposure to chorioamnionitis in utero may affect immune activation in neonates with an increased frequency of RORγt⁺ cells systemically as well as lymphocytic infiltrate in the lung. Our findings suggest an increase in RORγt⁺ cells during chorioamnionitis and thus may support the known associations between chorioamnionitis with asthma.

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Interpreting physical and mental metaphors: Is Theory of Mind associated with pragmatics in middle childhood?

Authors: Lecce S, Ronchi L, Del Sette P, Bischetti L, Bambini V Abstract We investigated the association between individual differences in metaphor understanding and Theory of Mind (ToM) in typically developing children. We distinguished between two types of metaphors and created a Physical and Mental Metaphors task, echoing a similar distinction for ToM. Nine-year-olds scored lower than older age-groups in ToM as well as in the interpretation of mental, but not physical, metaphors. Moreover, nine-year-olds (but not older children) who are better in ToM are also better in interpreting mental, but not physical, metaphors. This suggests that the link between metaphor and ToM is stronger when metaphorical interpretation involves mental aspects, and it is more evident in early rather t...

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Where phonology meets morphology in the context of rapid language change and universal bilingualism: Irish initial mutations in child language.

Authors: Müller N, Muckley SA, Antonijevic-Elliott S Abstract As one of the Celtic languages, Irish is among the few languages in the world that employ word initial mutations (IMs) in order to express grammatical functions. IMs express grammatical information by a way of systematic alternation of minimal phonological contrasts, which closely links segmental phonology to grammatical morphology (Irish also employs final consonant palatalization as a grammatical marker, but this will not be the focus of our paper). The overwhelming majority of Irish speakers are bilingual (with English), and virtually all Irish-speaking children grow up with varying degrees of exposure to and use of English in the home. Irish is undergoing rapid language change at present, and the system of IM is aff...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2qVRuG1

Interpreting physical and mental metaphors: Is Theory of Mind associated with pragmatics in middle childhood?

Authors: Lecce S, Ronchi L, Del Sette P, Bischetti L, Bambini V Abstract We investigated the association between individual differences in metaphor understanding and Theory of Mind (ToM) in typically developing children. We distinguished between two types of metaphors and created a Physical and Mental Metaphors task, echoing a similar distinction for ToM. Nine-year-olds scored lower than older age-groups in ToM as well as in the interpretation of mental, but not physical, metaphors. Moreover, nine-year-olds (but not older children) who are better in ToM are also better in interpreting mental, but not physical, metaphors. This suggests that the link between metaphor and ToM is stronger when metaphorical interpretation involves mental aspects, and it is more evident in early rather t...

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2FxoBdx

Where phonology meets morphology in the context of rapid language change and universal bilingualism: Irish initial mutations in child language.

Authors: Müller N, Muckley SA, Antonijevic-Elliott S Abstract As one of the Celtic languages, Irish is among the few languages in the world that employ word initial mutations (IMs) in order to express grammatical functions. IMs express grammatical information by a way of systematic alternation of minimal phonological contrasts, which closely links segmental phonology to grammatical morphology (Irish also employs final consonant palatalization as a grammatical marker, but this will not be the focus of our paper). The overwhelming majority of Irish speakers are bilingual (with English), and virtually all Irish-speaking children grow up with varying degrees of exposure to and use of English in the home. Irish is undergoing rapid language change at present, and the system of IM is aff...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2qVRuG1

New Peanut Allergy Drug Shows ‘ Lifesaving ’ Potential

Results from a new study may lead to approval of what could be the first drug that ameliorates potentially deadly reactions in children with severe peanut allergies. (Source: NYT Health)

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New Peanut Allergy Drug Shows ‘ Lifesaving ’ Potential

Results from a new study may lead to approval of what could be the first drug that ameliorates potentially deadly reactions in children with severe peanut allergies. (Source: NYT Health)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

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Hearing recovery from deafness caused by bromate intoxication.

CONCLUSION: Severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss is a common symptom of bromate intoxication. Bromate-induced hearing loss may be partially treated, and early application of continuous haemodiafiltration might be useful as a treatment for this intractable condition. PMID: 30442210 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Laryngology and Otology)

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Hearing recovery from deafness caused by bromate intoxication.

CONCLUSION: Severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss is a common symptom of bromate intoxication. Bromate-induced hearing loss may be partially treated, and early application of continuous haemodiafiltration might be useful as a treatment for this intractable condition. PMID: 30442210 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Laryngology and Otology)

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Experimental treatment helps 2 out of 3 peanut allergy sufferers, study finds

(Source: CNN.com - Health)

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Experimental treatment helps 2 out of 3 peanut allergy sufferers, study finds

(Source: CNN.com - Health)

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Prevalence and treatment of allergies in rural areas of Bavaria, Germany: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background

There is a high prevalence of allergies in Germany, with approximately 20% of the population having at least one allergy and only about 10% of these being treated adequately. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a rural area of Bavaria (Southern Germany) to evaluate the prevalence of allergies and their treatment, because research regarding this topic is currently limited.

Methods

Data were collected in 10 offices of non-dermatological doctors using a self-filled questionnaire to ask participants about allergies and treatment.

Results

A total of 641 questionnaires were appropriate for analysis. The prevalence of allergies in the Bavarian countryside was higher than that reported for Germany (37.3% vs. 20.0%). Furthermore, almost a third (30.4%) of allergies were not treated at all. The most frequently consulted therapist was found to be a general practitioner.

Conclusions

Based on the study results, there is a need for prevention programs and establishment of treatments for certain allergies to minimize long-term health effects. Moreover, more studies are needed to analyze the prevalence of allergies in farmers who had a higher prevalence of allergies compared to previously reported prevalence in literature reviews.

Trial registrations

The study was approved by the ethical review committee of the Technical University Munich (EC number 548/16S).

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Prevalence and treatment of allergies in rural areas of Bavaria, Germany: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background

There is a high prevalence of allergies in Germany, with approximately 20% of the population having at least one allergy and only about 10% of these being treated adequately. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a rural area of Bavaria (Southern Germany) to evaluate the prevalence of allergies and their treatment, because research regarding this topic is currently limited.

Methods

Data were collected in 10 offices of non-dermatological doctors using a self-filled questionnaire to ask participants about allergies and treatment.

Results

A total of 641 questionnaires were appropriate for analysis. The prevalence of allergies in the Bavarian countryside was higher than that reported for Germany (37.3% vs. 20.0%). Furthermore, almost a third (30.4%) of allergies were not treated at all. The most frequently consulted therapist was found to be a general practitioner.

Conclusions

Based on the study results, there is a need for prevention programs and establishment of treatments for certain allergies to minimize long-term health effects. Moreover, more studies are needed to analyze the prevalence of allergies in farmers who had a higher prevalence of allergies compared to previously reported prevalence in literature reviews.

Trial registrations

The study was approved by the ethical review committee of the Technical University Munich (EC number 548/16S).

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Experimental treatment helps 2 out of 3 peanut allergy sufferers, study finds

(Source: CNN.com - Health)

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Licking Pacifier to Clean It May Cut Allergy Risk Licking Pacifier to Clean It May Cut Allergy Risk

A parent licking a child's pacifier clean might be better than washing it, and an epinephrine autoinjector still works after it is frozen, say two studies looking at questions parents want answers to.Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

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Experimental treatment helps 2 out of 3 peanut allergy sufferers, study finds

(Source: CNN.com - Health)

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Licking Pacifier to Clean It May Cut Allergy Risk Licking Pacifier to Clean It May Cut Allergy Risk

A parent licking a child's pacifier clean might be better than washing it, and an epinephrine autoinjector still works after it is frozen, say two studies looking at questions parents want answers to.Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

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Licking Pacifier to Clean It May Cut Allergy Risk Licking Pacifier to Clean It May Cut Allergy Risk

A parent licking a child's pacifier clean might be better than washing it, and an epinephrine autoinjector still works after it is frozen, say two studies looking at questions parents want answers to.Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

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Licking Pacifier to Clean It May Cut Allergy Risk Licking Pacifier to Clean It May Cut Allergy Risk

A parent licking a child's pacifier clean might be better than washing it, and an epinephrine autoinjector still works after it is frozen, say two studies looking at questions parents want answers to.Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

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TWiV 520: This old mouse

The TWiVidae review universal influenza vaccines that are in clinical trials, and discovery of an atypical parvovirus that causes chronic kidney disease in middle aged, immunocompromised laboratory mice. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit,  Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode PhD and postdoctoral programs at Dept of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai MSc program Molecular Biology and Pathology of Viruses, Univ College London Virology Comics on sale (Amazon) Outbreak at the Smithsonian NIAID strategic plan for universal influenza vaccine Fauci article on universal influenza vaccine (J Inf Dis) Severe 2017-18 flu season (CDC) Pr...

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Mario Castro, MD - An Expert Analysis of New Data for Uncontrolled Persistent Asthma Treatments: Clinical Updates From Paris

An Expert Analysis of New Data for Uncontrolled Persistent Asthma Treatments: Clinical Updates From Paris (Source: PeerView CME/CE Audio Podcast - Immunology)

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TWiV 520: This old mouse

The TWiVidae review universal influenza vaccines that are in clinical trials, and discovery of an atypical parvovirus that causes chronic kidney disease in middle aged, immunocompromised laboratory mice. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit,  Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode PhD and postdoctoral programs at Dept of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai MSc program Molecular Biology and Pathology of Viruses, Univ College London Virology Comics on sale (Amazon) Outbreak at the Smithsonian NIAID strategic plan for universal influenza vaccine Fauci article on universal influenza vaccine (J Inf Dis) Severe 2017-18 flu season (CDC) Pr...

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Mario Castro, MD - An Expert Analysis of New Data for Uncontrolled Persistent Asthma Treatments: Clinical Updates From Paris

An Expert Analysis of New Data for Uncontrolled Persistent Asthma Treatments: Clinical Updates From Paris (Source: PeerView CME/CE Audio Podcast - Immunology)

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Launching into interprofessional education: graduate students learning and growing together.

Authors: Harmon MT, Farrell CF, Carter V, Randall DA, Loeb A, Jain T Abstract Interprofessional education (IPE) is vital in university clinical settings to prepare graduate students to engage in today's health care system. However, few university programs have successfully implemented IPE into existing clinical programs. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an interprofessional (IP) training and clinical experience on graduate students' and caregivers perceptions on quality of care in a pre-existing clinical program. Speech-language pathology (SLP) and Physical Therapy (PT) faculty, worked to coordinate and develop an IP training and clinical experience. Graduate students from both disciplines participated in the IP training and completed a pre-post ...

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Launching into interprofessional education: graduate students learning and growing together.

Authors: Harmon MT, Farrell CF, Carter V, Randall DA, Loeb A, Jain T Abstract Interprofessional education (IPE) is vital in university clinical settings to prepare graduate students to engage in today's health care system. However, few university programs have successfully implemented IPE into existing clinical programs. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an interprofessional (IP) training and clinical experience on graduate students' and caregivers perceptions on quality of care in a pre-existing clinical program. Speech-language pathology (SLP) and Physical Therapy (PT) faculty, worked to coordinate and develop an IP training and clinical experience. Graduate students from both disciplines participated in the IP training and completed a pre-post ...

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Schools in Wales not aware of severe allergies, campaigner says

A campaign group says more than 100 schools did not take up free awareness sessions. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

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Schools in Wales not aware of severe allergies, campaigner says

A campaign group says more than 100 schools did not take up free awareness sessions. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

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Schools in Wales not aware of severe allergies, campaigner says

A campaign group says more than 100 schools did not take up free awareness sessions. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

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Schools in Wales not aware of severe allergies, campaigner says

A campaign group says more than 100 schools did not take up free awareness sessions. (Source: BBC News | Health | UK Edition)

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Comment on “Race/Ethnicity and Sex Both Affect Opioid Administration in the Emergency Room”

No abstract available

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Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin and Pregabalin for Pain in Children and Adolescents

The barriers to opioid use in some countries necessitate the need to identify suitable alternatives or adjuncts for pain relief. The gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) are approved for the management of persistent pain in adults, but not in children. Searches were conducted in Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science up until November 2017, for randomized controlled trials that investigated the analgesic effects of gabapentin or pregabalin in children and adolescents

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Glycocalyx Degradation Is Independent of Vascular Barrier Permeability Increase in Nontraumatic Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

BACKGROUND: Glycocalyx shedding after traumatic hemorrhagic or septic shock, as well as different resuscitation fluids, has been causally linked to increased vascular barrier permeability (VBP) resulting in tissue edema. In nontraumatic hemorrhagic shock (NTHS), it remains questionable whether glycocalyx degradation in itself results in an alteration of VBP. The composition of fluids can also have a modulatory effect on glycocalyx shedding and VBP. We hypothesized that the shedding of the glycocalyx during NTHS has little effect on VBP and that the composition of fluids can modulate these effects. METHODS: Fully instrumented Wistar-albino rats were subjected to a pressure-controlled NTHS (mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg) for 60 minutes. Animals were fluid resuscitated with Ringer's acetate, balanced hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution, or 0.9% normal saline to a mean arterial pressure of 80 mm Hg and compared with shams or nonresuscitated NTHS. Glycocalyx shed products were determined at baseline and 60 minutes after fluid resuscitation. Skeletal muscle microcirculation was visualized using handheld vital microscopy. VBP changes were assessed using plasma decay of 3 fluorescent dyes (40- and 500-kDa dextran and 70-kDa albumin), Evans blue dye exclusion, intravital fluorescence microscopy, and determination of tissue edema (wet/dry weight ratio). RESULTS: All glycocalyx shedding products were upgraded as a result of NTHS. Syndecan-1 significantly increased in NTHS (mean difference, −1668; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2336 to −1001; P

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In Response

No abstract available

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Progressive Increase in Scholarly Productivity of New American Board of Anesthesiology Diplomates From 2006 to 2016: A Bibliometric Analysis

BACKGROUND: Improving research productivity is a common goal in academic anesthesiology. Initiatives to enhance scholarly productivity in anesthesiology were proposed more than a decade ago as a result of emphasis on clinical work. We hypothesized that American Board of Anesthesiology diplomates certified from 2006 to 2016 would be progressively more likely to have published at least once during this time period. METHODS: A complete list of 17,332 new diplomates was obtained from the American Board of Anesthesiology for the years 2006 to 2016. These names were queried using PubMed, and the number of publications up to and including the diplomate's year of primary certification was recorded. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association of the year of primary certification and whether a diplomate had published at least once. RESULTS: The percentage of American Board of Anesthesiology diplomates with ≥1 publication at the time of primary certification increased from 14.9% to 29.3% from 2006 to 2016. The mean number of publications per diplomate more than doubled from 0.31 to 0.79. Logistic regression analysis revealed the year of primary certification as significantly associated with having ≥1 publication (P

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Essentials of Anesthesia for Infants and Neonates

No abstract available

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Intraluminal Pulmonary Vein Stenosis in Children: A “New” Lesion

Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare disorder that leads to progressive narrowing of the extrapulmonary veins. PVS has been reported in both children and adults and in its worse iteration leads to pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular failure, and death. Multiple etiologies of PVS have been described in children and adults. This review will focus on intraluminal PVS in children. Intraluminal PVS has an estimated incidence ranging from 0.0017% to 0.03%. It is associated with conditions such as prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, and Down syndrome. Cardiac catheterization and pulmonary vein angiography are the gold standard for diagnosis and anatomic delineation. Other imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging, chest tomography, and transesophageal echocardiography are increasingly being used. Mortality of PVS in children is approximately 50%. Predictors of mortality include involvement of ≥3 pulmonary veins, bilateral pulmonary vein involvement, onset of PVS in infancy, elevated pulmonary artery pressure or systolic pulmonary artery-to-aortic pressure ratio, right ventricular dysfunction, restenosis after surgery, distal/upstream disease, and disease progression to previously uninvolved pulmonary veins. Treatment includes catheter-based pulmonary vein dilations with or without stenting, surgical interventions, medical therapy, and in some instances, lung transplantation. Cardiac catheterization for PVS involves a comprehensive hemodynamic and anatomic assessment of the pulmonary veins as well as therapeutic transcatheter interventions. Several surgical strategies have been used. Sutureless repair is currently most commonly used, but patch venoplasty, endarterectomy, ostial resection, and reimplantation are used in select circumstances as well. Medical therapies such as imatinib mesylate and bevacizumab are increasingly being used in an effort to suppress the myofibroblastic proliferation seen in PVS patients. Lung transplantation has been used as an alternative treatment strategy for end-stage, refractory PVS. Nonetheless, despite the different innovative approaches used, morbidity and mortality remain high. At present, the preferred treatment strategy is frequent reassessment of disease progression to guide use of catheter-based and surgical interventions in conjunction with medical therapy. Accepted for publication October 8, 2018. Funding: None. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Reprints will not be available from the authors. Address correspondence to Viviane G. Nasr, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115. Address e-mail to viviane.nasr@childrens.harvard.edu. © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society

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Comment on “Race/Ethnicity and Sex Both Affect Opioid Administration in the Emergency Room”

No abstract available

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Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin and Pregabalin for Pain in Children and Adolescents

The barriers to opioid use in some countries necessitate the need to identify suitable alternatives or adjuncts for pain relief. The gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) are approved for the management of persistent pain in adults, but not in children. Searches were conducted in Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science up until November 2017, for randomized controlled trials that investigated the analgesic effects of gabapentin or pregabalin in children and adolescents

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Glycocalyx Degradation Is Independent of Vascular Barrier Permeability Increase in Nontraumatic Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

BACKGROUND: Glycocalyx shedding after traumatic hemorrhagic or septic shock, as well as different resuscitation fluids, has been causally linked to increased vascular barrier permeability (VBP) resulting in tissue edema. In nontraumatic hemorrhagic shock (NTHS), it remains questionable whether glycocalyx degradation in itself results in an alteration of VBP. The composition of fluids can also have a modulatory effect on glycocalyx shedding and VBP. We hypothesized that the shedding of the glycocalyx during NTHS has little effect on VBP and that the composition of fluids can modulate these effects. METHODS: Fully instrumented Wistar-albino rats were subjected to a pressure-controlled NTHS (mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg) for 60 minutes. Animals were fluid resuscitated with Ringer's acetate, balanced hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution, or 0.9% normal saline to a mean arterial pressure of 80 mm Hg and compared with shams or nonresuscitated NTHS. Glycocalyx shed products were determined at baseline and 60 minutes after fluid resuscitation. Skeletal muscle microcirculation was visualized using handheld vital microscopy. VBP changes were assessed using plasma decay of 3 fluorescent dyes (40- and 500-kDa dextran and 70-kDa albumin), Evans blue dye exclusion, intravital fluorescence microscopy, and determination of tissue edema (wet/dry weight ratio). RESULTS: All glycocalyx shedding products were upgraded as a result of NTHS. Syndecan-1 significantly increased in NTHS (mean difference, −1668; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2336 to −1001; P

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In Response

No abstract available

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Progressive Increase in Scholarly Productivity of New American Board of Anesthesiology Diplomates From 2006 to 2016: A Bibliometric Analysis

BACKGROUND: Improving research productivity is a common goal in academic anesthesiology. Initiatives to enhance scholarly productivity in anesthesiology were proposed more than a decade ago as a result of emphasis on clinical work. We hypothesized that American Board of Anesthesiology diplomates certified from 2006 to 2016 would be progressively more likely to have published at least once during this time period. METHODS: A complete list of 17,332 new diplomates was obtained from the American Board of Anesthesiology for the years 2006 to 2016. These names were queried using PubMed, and the number of publications up to and including the diplomate's year of primary certification was recorded. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association of the year of primary certification and whether a diplomate had published at least once. RESULTS: The percentage of American Board of Anesthesiology diplomates with ≥1 publication at the time of primary certification increased from 14.9% to 29.3% from 2006 to 2016. The mean number of publications per diplomate more than doubled from 0.31 to 0.79. Logistic regression analysis revealed the year of primary certification as significantly associated with having ≥1 publication (P

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2FD1JJw

Essentials of Anesthesia for Infants and Neonates

No abstract available

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Intraluminal Pulmonary Vein Stenosis in Children: A “New” Lesion

Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare disorder that leads to progressive narrowing of the extrapulmonary veins. PVS has been reported in both children and adults and in its worse iteration leads to pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular failure, and death. Multiple etiologies of PVS have been described in children and adults. This review will focus on intraluminal PVS in children. Intraluminal PVS has an estimated incidence ranging from 0.0017% to 0.03%. It is associated with conditions such as prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, and Down syndrome. Cardiac catheterization and pulmonary vein angiography are the gold standard for diagnosis and anatomic delineation. Other imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging, chest tomography, and transesophageal echocardiography are increasingly being used. Mortality of PVS in children is approximately 50%. Predictors of mortality include involvement of ≥3 pulmonary veins, bilateral pulmonary vein involvement, onset of PVS in infancy, elevated pulmonary artery pressure or systolic pulmonary artery-to-aortic pressure ratio, right ventricular dysfunction, restenosis after surgery, distal/upstream disease, and disease progression to previously uninvolved pulmonary veins. Treatment includes catheter-based pulmonary vein dilations with or without stenting, surgical interventions, medical therapy, and in some instances, lung transplantation. Cardiac catheterization for PVS involves a comprehensive hemodynamic and anatomic assessment of the pulmonary veins as well as therapeutic transcatheter interventions. Several surgical strategies have been used. Sutureless repair is currently most commonly used, but patch venoplasty, endarterectomy, ostial resection, and reimplantation are used in select circumstances as well. Medical therapies such as imatinib mesylate and bevacizumab are increasingly being used in an effort to suppress the myofibroblastic proliferation seen in PVS patients. Lung transplantation has been used as an alternative treatment strategy for end-stage, refractory PVS. Nonetheless, despite the different innovative approaches used, morbidity and mortality remain high. At present, the preferred treatment strategy is frequent reassessment of disease progression to guide use of catheter-based and surgical interventions in conjunction with medical therapy. Accepted for publication October 8, 2018. Funding: None. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Reprints will not be available from the authors. Address correspondence to Viviane G. Nasr, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115. Address e-mail to viviane.nasr@childrens.harvard.edu. © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society

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What can urban/rural differences in food allergy prevalence tell us about the drivers of food allergy?

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Katrina J. Allen, Jennifer J. Koplin

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What can urban/rural differences in food allergy prevalence tell us about the drivers of food allergy?

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Katrina J. Allen, Jennifer J. Koplin

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The Atopic March and Atopic Multimorbidity: Many Trajectories, Many Pathways

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Amy S. Paller, Jonathan M. Spergel, Paola Mina-Osorio, Alan D. Irvine

Abstract

The "atopic march" recognizes the increased occurrence of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis after atopic dermatitis (AD) onset. Mechanisms for developing atopic comorbidities after AD onset are poorly understood, but may involve the impaired cutaneous barrier, which facilitates cutaneous sensitization. The association may also be driven or amplified in susceptible individuals by a systemic Th2-dominant immune response to cutaneous inflammation. However, these associations may merely involve shared genetic loci and environmental triggers, including microbiome dysregulation, with the temporal sequence reflecting tissue-specific peak time of occurrence of each disease, suggesting more of a clustering of disorders than a march. Prospective longitudinal cohort studies provide an opportunity to explore the relationships between post-dermatitis development of atopic disorders and potential predictive phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental factors. Recent investigations implicate disease severity and persistence, age of onset, parental atopic history, FLG (filaggrin) mutations, polysensitization, and the non-rural environment among risk factors for development of multiple atopic comorbidities in young children with AD. Early intervention studies to repair the epidermal barrier or alter exposure to the microbiome or allergens may elucidate the relative roles of barrier defects, genetic locus alterations, and environmental exposures in the risk and sequence of occurrence of Th2 activation disorders.

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The Atopic March and Atopic Multimorbidity: Many Trajectories, Many Pathways

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Amy S. Paller, Jonathan M. Spergel, Paola Mina-Osorio, Alan D. Irvine

Abstract

The "atopic march" recognizes the increased occurrence of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis after atopic dermatitis (AD) onset. Mechanisms for developing atopic comorbidities after AD onset are poorly understood, but may involve the impaired cutaneous barrier, which facilitates cutaneous sensitization. The association may also be driven or amplified in susceptible individuals by a systemic Th2-dominant immune response to cutaneous inflammation. However, these associations may merely involve shared genetic loci and environmental triggers, including microbiome dysregulation, with the temporal sequence reflecting tissue-specific peak time of occurrence of each disease, suggesting more of a clustering of disorders than a march. Prospective longitudinal cohort studies provide an opportunity to explore the relationships between post-dermatitis development of atopic disorders and potential predictive phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental factors. Recent investigations implicate disease severity and persistence, age of onset, parental atopic history, FLG (filaggrin) mutations, polysensitization, and the non-rural environment among risk factors for development of multiple atopic comorbidities in young children with AD. Early intervention studies to repair the epidermal barrier or alter exposure to the microbiome or allergens may elucidate the relative roles of barrier defects, genetic locus alterations, and environmental exposures in the risk and sequence of occurrence of Th2 activation disorders.

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The effect of neonatal maternal separation on short-chain fatty acids and airway inflammation in adult asthma mice

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): L. Qian, L. Lu, L. Huang, Q. Wen, J. Xie, W. Jin, H. Li, L. Jiang

Abstract

Background

To investigate neonatal maternal separation (NMS) effects on airway inflammation of asthma and potential mechanism using a mouse model.

Methods

80 Balb/c neonatal male mice were randomly assigned to NMS and non-NMS groups. Feces were collected on PND21, 28, 35 and 42 to analyze microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Non-NMS group were then divided into control (group A) and asthma groups (group B), while NMS group was assigned to NMS + asthma (group C) and NMS + SCFAs + asthma groups (group D). Inflammatory cells and eosinophils (EOS) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assessed. Pathological changes and cytokines in lung tissue were observed. Protein expression of Occludin and E-cadherin in airway epithelial was examined.

Results

The number of S′, diversity index H′ and dominance index D′, as well as content butyric acid in NMS group C were significantly lower than non-NMS group B (p < 0.05). Mice in group C had a higher level of inflammatory cells and EOS compared with group A, B and D. EOS moderate infiltration was found in mice of group B, C and D. Mice in group C had significantly higher levels of cytokines and showed slightly increased bronchial epithelium goblet cells and a small amount of visceral secretions. Occludin and E-cadherin expression in lung in B, C and D groups was depressed, and protein level in group C was significantly lower than group B and D.

Conclusions

NMS is associated with exacerbated inflammation of adult asthma by changing intestinal microflora resulting in butanoic acid decline and airway epithelial barrier damage.

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The effect of neonatal maternal separation on short-chain fatty acids and airway inflammation in adult asthma mice

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): L. Qian, L. Lu, L. Huang, Q. Wen, J. Xie, W. Jin, H. Li, L. Jiang

Abstract

Background

To investigate neonatal maternal separation (NMS) effects on airway inflammation of asthma and potential mechanism using a mouse model.

Methods

80 Balb/c neonatal male mice were randomly assigned to NMS and non-NMS groups. Feces were collected on PND21, 28, 35 and 42 to analyze microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Non-NMS group were then divided into control (group A) and asthma groups (group B), while NMS group was assigned to NMS + asthma (group C) and NMS + SCFAs + asthma groups (group D). Inflammatory cells and eosinophils (EOS) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assessed. Pathological changes and cytokines in lung tissue were observed. Protein expression of Occludin and E-cadherin in airway epithelial was examined.

Results

The number of S′, diversity index H′ and dominance index D′, as well as content butyric acid in NMS group C were significantly lower than non-NMS group B (p < 0.05). Mice in group C had a higher level of inflammatory cells and EOS compared with group A, B and D. EOS moderate infiltration was found in mice of group B, C and D. Mice in group C had significantly higher levels of cytokines and showed slightly increased bronchial epithelium goblet cells and a small amount of visceral secretions. Occludin and E-cadherin expression in lung in B, C and D groups was depressed, and protein level in group C was significantly lower than group B and D.

Conclusions

NMS is associated with exacerbated inflammation of adult asthma by changing intestinal microflora resulting in butanoic acid decline and airway epithelial barrier damage.

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IL-25 promotes Th2-type reactions and correlates with disease severity in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Hui Wang, Yuchen Jiang, Hongning Wang, Zhenhua Luo, Yuanyuan Wang, Xiaobing Guan

Abstract

Objective

The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between IL-25 expression and disease severity, and the potential immunoregulatory role of IL-25 expression in oral lichen planus (OLP).

Materials and Methods

The oral mucosal tissue samples obtained from OLP patients and healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed for IL-25 expression by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Recombinant IL-25 was used to stimulate OLP patient-derived CD4 + T cells, and then IL-4 secretion and mRNA expression were evaluated by ELISA and qPCR, respectively. The efficiency of the siRNA-mediated knockdown of IL-25R expression in oral keratinocytes was determined by qPCR and Western blotting. Human oral keratinocyte cells were cultured with the recombinant human cytokines IL-25, IL-17 A and IL−17 F. The production of associated cytokines by keratinocytes was determined by qPCR. Statistical analyses of quantitative data were performed using SPSS software.

Results

The IL-25 and IL-4 mRNA levels were elevated and correlated significantly with each other in specific OLP subtype lesions compared to HCs, while the numbers of IL-25 positive cells were also increased in local OLP lesions as compared to HCs. In vitro culture with recombinant IL-25 could significantly promote CD4 + T cells from both subtypes of OLP to produce IL-4 mRNA and remarkably elevate supernatant IL-4 levels in reticular OLP CD4 + T cell cultures, which may be attributed to the elevated expression of IL-25R in local OLP lesions. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the simultaneously increased levels of IL-4, CXCL8 and CCL20 in keratinocytes were induced by IL-25 but not IL-17 A or IL−17 F. Decreasing IL-25R subunit expression by siRNA-mediated knockdown significantly blocked the expression of all cytokine-produced inflammatory mediators in oral keratinocytes.

Conclusions

In OLP lesions, IL-25 can function to mediate the Th2 response in specific disease subtypes, which may be an important cause of OLP disease chronicity and persistent inflammation.

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IL-25 promotes Th2-type reactions and correlates with disease severity in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Hui Wang, Yuchen Jiang, Hongning Wang, Zhenhua Luo, Yuanyuan Wang, Xiaobing Guan

Abstract

Objective

The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between IL-25 expression and disease severity, and the potential immunoregulatory role of IL-25 expression in oral lichen planus (OLP).

Materials and Methods

The oral mucosal tissue samples obtained from OLP patients and healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed for IL-25 expression by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Recombinant IL-25 was used to stimulate OLP patient-derived CD4 + T cells, and then IL-4 secretion and mRNA expression were evaluated by ELISA and qPCR, respectively. The efficiency of the siRNA-mediated knockdown of IL-25R expression in oral keratinocytes was determined by qPCR and Western blotting. Human oral keratinocyte cells were cultured with the recombinant human cytokines IL-25, IL-17 A and IL−17 F. The production of associated cytokines by keratinocytes was determined by qPCR. Statistical analyses of quantitative data were performed using SPSS software.

Results

The IL-25 and IL-4 mRNA levels were elevated and correlated significantly with each other in specific OLP subtype lesions compared to HCs, while the numbers of IL-25 positive cells were also increased in local OLP lesions as compared to HCs. In vitro culture with recombinant IL-25 could significantly promote CD4 + T cells from both subtypes of OLP to produce IL-4 mRNA and remarkably elevate supernatant IL-4 levels in reticular OLP CD4 + T cell cultures, which may be attributed to the elevated expression of IL-25R in local OLP lesions. Statistical analyses demonstrated that the simultaneously increased levels of IL-4, CXCL8 and CCL20 in keratinocytes were induced by IL-25 but not IL-17 A or IL−17 F. Decreasing IL-25R subunit expression by siRNA-mediated knockdown significantly blocked the expression of all cytokine-produced inflammatory mediators in oral keratinocytes.

Conclusions

In OLP lesions, IL-25 can function to mediate the Th2 response in specific disease subtypes, which may be an important cause of OLP disease chronicity and persistent inflammation.

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Repeatability of diffusion-weighted MRI of the prostate using whole lesion ADC values, skew and histogram analysis

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: European Journal of Radiology

Author(s): Tristan Barrett, Edward M. Lawrence, Andrew N. Priest, Anne Y. Warren, Vincent J Gnanapragasam, Ferdia A. Gallagher, Evis Sala

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the repeatability of diffusion-weighted imaging parameter including ADC-derived histogram values in prostate cancer.

Methods

10 patients with prostate cancer were prospectively recruited to a retest cohort. 3 T diffusion-weighted MRI of the prostate was acquired consecutively with patient getting off the scanner between studies. Prostatectomy-histopathology defined tumour regions-of-interest were outlined on ADC maps and diffusion-weighted metrics including histograms were calculated. The coefficient of reproducibility (CoR) and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess repeatability.

Results

10^th centile, 90^th centile, and median ADC showed good repeatability with mean difference ranging from -0.005 to -0.025 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1, and CoR ranging from 0.271–0.294 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1 (21-35% of scan 1 mean). Two measures of heterogeneity and simplified texture, IQR and mean local range, had only moderate repeatability. IQR had a mean difference of -0.032 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1 between scans with CoR 0.181 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1 (56% of scan 1 mean). Mean local range had a mean difference -0.008 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1 between scans (37% of scan 1 mean). Bland–Altman plots showed good repeatability for test and re-test analysis for median, percentile and mean range values. All ADC values had good reliability regardless of whether the tumour border was included in quantitative analysis. ADC histogram skew had poor repeatability, CoR 0.78 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1 (373% of scan 1 mean).

Conclusion

10^th and 90^th centile ADC demonstrated sufficient repeatability for clinical use. However, more advanced measures of heterogeneity such as histogram skew, IQR, or mean local range may be limited by their repeatability.

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Repeatability of diffusion-weighted MRI of the prostate using whole lesion ADC values, skew and histogram analysis

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: European Journal of Radiology

Author(s): Tristan Barrett, Edward M. Lawrence, Andrew N. Priest, Anne Y. Warren, Vincent J Gnanapragasam, Ferdia A. Gallagher, Evis Sala

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the repeatability of diffusion-weighted imaging parameter including ADC-derived histogram values in prostate cancer.

Methods

10 patients with prostate cancer were prospectively recruited to a retest cohort. 3 T diffusion-weighted MRI of the prostate was acquired consecutively with patient getting off the scanner between studies. Prostatectomy-histopathology defined tumour regions-of-interest were outlined on ADC maps and diffusion-weighted metrics including histograms were calculated. The coefficient of reproducibility (CoR) and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess repeatability.

Results

10^th centile, 90^th centile, and median ADC showed good repeatability with mean difference ranging from -0.005 to -0.025 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1, and CoR ranging from 0.271–0.294 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1 (21-35% of scan 1 mean). Two measures of heterogeneity and simplified texture, IQR and mean local range, had only moderate repeatability. IQR had a mean difference of -0.032 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1 between scans with CoR 0.181 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1 (56% of scan 1 mean). Mean local range had a mean difference -0.008 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1 between scans (37% of scan 1 mean). Bland–Altman plots showed good repeatability for test and re-test analysis for median, percentile and mean range values. All ADC values had good reliability regardless of whether the tumour border was included in quantitative analysis. ADC histogram skew had poor repeatability, CoR 0.78 × 10^-3 mm²s^-1 (373% of scan 1 mean).

Conclusion

10^th and 90^th centile ADC demonstrated sufficient repeatability for clinical use. However, more advanced measures of heterogeneity such as histogram skew, IQR, or mean local range may be limited by their repeatability.

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Bilateral Cochlear Implantation: A Health Technology Assessment.

Conclusions: Based on evidence of moderate to high quality, we found that bilateral cochlear implantation improved hearing in adults and children with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Bilateral cochlear implantation was potentially cost-effective compared to unilateral cochlear implantation in adults and children. Patients with sensorineural hearing loss reported the positive effects of cochlear implants, and patients with unilateral cochlear implants generally expressed a desire for bilateral implants. PMID: 30443278 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series)

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Auditory midbrain hypoplasia and dysmorphology after prenatal valproic acid exposure

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Yusra Mansour, Sarah Mangold, Devon Chosky, Randy J KuleszaAbstractPrenatal exposure to the antiepileptic valproic acid (VPA) is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in humans and is used as an animal model of ASD. The majority of individuals with ASD exhibit adverse reactions to sensory stimuli and auditory dysfunction. Previous studies of animals exposed to VPA reveal abnormal neuronal responses to sound and mapping of sound frequency in the cerebral cortex and hyperactivation, hypoplasia and abnormal neuronal morphology in the cochlear nuclei (CN) and superior olivary complex (SOC). Herein, we examine the neuronal populations in the lateral lemniscus and inferior colliculus i...

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Bilateral Cochlear Implantation: A Health Technology Assessment.

Conclusions: Based on evidence of moderate to high quality, we found that bilateral cochlear implantation improved hearing in adults and children with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Bilateral cochlear implantation was potentially cost-effective compared to unilateral cochlear implantation in adults and children. Patients with sensorineural hearing loss reported the positive effects of cochlear implants, and patients with unilateral cochlear implants generally expressed a desire for bilateral implants. PMID: 30443278 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series)

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Intermittent Low-level Noise Causes Negative Neural Gain in the Inferior Colliculus

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Adam Sheppard, Xiaopeng Liu, Anaam Alkharabsheh, Guang-Di Chen, Richard SalviAbstractThe central auditory system shows a remarkable ability to rescale its neural representation of loudness following long-term, low-level acoustic exposures; even when the noise is presented intermittently. Circadian rhythms exert potent biological effects, but it remains unclear if acoustic exposures occurring during the light or dark cycle affect the neurophysiological changes involved in loudness rescaling. To address this issue we exposed rats to intermittent (12 h/day), low-level noise (10-20 kHz, 75 dB SPL) for 5 weeks; exposures occurred during either the light (inactive) or dark (active) phase of the circadian cycle. The...

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Auditory midbrain hypoplasia and dysmorphology after prenatal valproic acid exposure

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Yusra Mansour, Sarah Mangold, Devon Chosky, Randy J KuleszaAbstractPrenatal exposure to the antiepileptic valproic acid (VPA) is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in humans and is used as an animal model of ASD. The majority of individuals with ASD exhibit adverse reactions to sensory stimuli and auditory dysfunction. Previous studies of animals exposed to VPA reveal abnormal neuronal responses to sound and mapping of sound frequency in the cerebral cortex and hyperactivation, hypoplasia and abnormal neuronal morphology in the cochlear nuclei (CN) and superior olivary complex (SOC). Herein, we examine the neuronal populations in the lateral lemniscus and inferior colliculus i...

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Intermittent Low-level Noise Causes Negative Neural Gain in the Inferior Colliculus

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018Source: NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Adam Sheppard, Xiaopeng Liu, Anaam Alkharabsheh, Guang-Di Chen, Richard SalviAbstractThe central auditory system shows a remarkable ability to rescale its neural representation of loudness following long-term, low-level acoustic exposures; even when the noise is presented intermittently. Circadian rhythms exert potent biological effects, but it remains unclear if acoustic exposures occurring during the light or dark cycle affect the neurophysiological changes involved in loudness rescaling. To address this issue we exposed rats to intermittent (12 h/day), low-level noise (10-20 kHz, 75 dB SPL) for 5 weeks; exposures occurred during either the light (inactive) or dark (active) phase of the circadian cycle. The...

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Automated Audiometry: A Review of the Implementation and Evaluation Methods.

Conclusions: It seems that automated audiometry produces the same results compared with traditional audiometry. However, the main advantages of this method; namely, saving costs and increased accessibility to hearing services, can lead to a faster diagnosis of hearing impairment, especially in poor areas. PMID: 30443414 [PubMed] (Source: Healthcare Informatics Research)

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Speech auditory evoked potentials in cochlear implant recipients in relation to rehabilitation outcomes

. (Source: Hearing, Balance and Communication)

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Automated Audiometry: A Review of the Implementation and Evaluation Methods.

Conclusions: It seems that automated audiometry produces the same results compared with traditional audiometry. However, the main advantages of this method; namely, saving costs and increased accessibility to hearing services, can lead to a faster diagnosis of hearing impairment, especially in poor areas. PMID: 30443414 [PubMed] (Source: Healthcare Informatics Research)

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Speech auditory evoked potentials in cochlear implant recipients in relation to rehabilitation outcomes

. (Source: Hearing, Balance and Communication)

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238Pu/(239+240)Pu activity ratio as an indicator of Pu originating from the FDNPP accident in the terrestrial environment of Fukushima Prefecture

Publication date: January 2019

Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 196

Author(s): R. Kierepko, S.K. Sahoo, M. Hosoda, S. Tokonami, A. Sorimachi, E. Kim, M. Ohno

Abstract

The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident has caused significant radionuclide contamination. Pu isotopes at the level of GBq were released from the damaged reactors to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In this work, 35 samples were collected at different locations of Fukushima. Samples consisted of three types, soil, forest litter and alluvial dust (road dust, sludges from drainage systems and below gutter pipe outflows). The obtained activity ratios of ²³⁸Pu/^(239+240)Pu ranged from 0.030 to 1.86. 14 of our samples contained trace amounts of Pu originating from the damaged reactors (2SM verification). Our study identified a few previously unknown "hot spots" of ²³⁸Pu/^(239+240)Pu activity ratio localized in an area between 15 and 30 km in the northwest direction from the FDNPP. Additionally, results obtained in this study combined with previously published data allowed us to prepare a map of spatial distribution of the Pu isotope fingerprints (²³⁸Pu/^(239+240)Pu) in Fukushima Prefecture.

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238Pu/(239+240)Pu activity ratio as an indicator of Pu originating from the FDNPP accident in the terrestrial environment of Fukushima Prefecture

Publication date: January 2019

Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 196

Author(s): R. Kierepko, S.K. Sahoo, M. Hosoda, S. Tokonami, A. Sorimachi, E. Kim, M. Ohno

Abstract

The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident has caused significant radionuclide contamination. Pu isotopes at the level of GBq were released from the damaged reactors to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In this work, 35 samples were collected at different locations of Fukushima. Samples consisted of three types, soil, forest litter and alluvial dust (road dust, sludges from drainage systems and below gutter pipe outflows). The obtained activity ratios of ²³⁸Pu/^(239+240)Pu ranged from 0.030 to 1.86. 14 of our samples contained trace amounts of Pu originating from the damaged reactors (2SM verification). Our study identified a few previously unknown "hot spots" of ²³⁸Pu/^(239+240)Pu activity ratio localized in an area between 15 and 30 km in the northwest direction from the FDNPP. Additionally, results obtained in this study combined with previously published data allowed us to prepare a map of spatial distribution of the Pu isotope fingerprints (²³⁸Pu/^(239+240)Pu) in Fukushima Prefecture.

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Forty cases of acquired oral syphilis and a review of the literature

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): L.F. Schuch, K.D. da Silva, J.A.A. de Arruda, A. Etges, A.P.N. Gomes, R.A. Mesquita, A.C.U. Vasconcelos, S.B.C. Tarquinio

Abstract

The aim of this study was to describe 40 cases of acquired oral syphilis (AOS) and to discuss the distribution of demographic characteristics, clinical features, and differential diagnosis of the disease. A retrospective study was conducted covering a 17-year period at a single institution in southern Brazil. Moreover, a literature review was performed through a search of the PubMed database for articles on AOS published between 1955 and March 2018. Data were analyzed descriptively. The predominant group within the case series was male patients in their twenties. The vast majority of cases (92.5%) were in the secondary stage of the disease. The lips were the most commonly affected site, with greyish-white mucous patches and reddish ulcers. In the literature review, the largest number of reported cases came from North America. Male patients in the third and fourth decades of life were most affected. AOS occurred more commonly as mucous patches and ulcers on the tongue and palate. Similarities regarding the distribution by sex, age, and anatomical location were found in the present study when compared to cases reported elsewhere. Clinicians, oral pathologists, and maxillofacial surgeons should familiarize themselves with the variable spectrum of signs and symptoms of AOS in their clinical practice to improve diagnosis and management.

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Three-dimensional soft tissue effects of mandibular midline distraction and surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: an automatic stereophotogrammetry landmarking analysis

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): A. Gül, M.A. de Jong, J.P. de Gijt, E.B. Wolvius, M. Kayser, S. Böhringer, M.J. Koudstaal

Abstract

Studies on mandibular midline distraction (MMD) are mostly performed using conventional research methods. Concerning surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME), more research is conducted using three-dimensional (3D) techniques. Research on bimaxillary expansion, the combination of MMD and SARME, is reported sparsely. The main objective of this study was to provide a 3D evaluation of soft tissue effects following SARME and/or MMD. Patients who underwent SARME and/or MMD between 2008 and 2013 were included. Stereophotogrammetry was undertaken at the following time points: preoperative (T1), immediately post-distraction (T2), 1 year postoperative (T3). An automatic 3D facial landmarking algorithm using two-dimensional Gabor wavelets was applied for the analysis. Twenty patients who had undergone SARME were included, 12 of whom had undergone bimaxillary expansion. Age at the time of surgery ranged from 16 to 47 years. There was a significant downward displacement of soft tissue pogonion. Furthermore, there was a significant mean increase of 2.20 mm in inter-alar width and a non-significant mean increase of 1.77 mm in inter-alar curvature point width. In conclusion, automatic stereophotogrammetry landmarking analysis of soft tissue effects showed downward displacement of soft tissue pogonion following bimaxillary expansion and transverse widening of the inter-alar width and a tendency towards an increase in inter-alar curvature point width after SARME.

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Forty cases of acquired oral syphilis and a review of the literature

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): L.F. Schuch, K.D. da Silva, J.A.A. de Arruda, A. Etges, A.P.N. Gomes, R.A. Mesquita, A.C.U. Vasconcelos, S.B.C. Tarquinio

Abstract

The aim of this study was to describe 40 cases of acquired oral syphilis (AOS) and to discuss the distribution of demographic characteristics, clinical features, and differential diagnosis of the disease. A retrospective study was conducted covering a 17-year period at a single institution in southern Brazil. Moreover, a literature review was performed through a search of the PubMed database for articles on AOS published between 1955 and March 2018. Data were analyzed descriptively. The predominant group within the case series was male patients in their twenties. The vast majority of cases (92.5%) were in the secondary stage of the disease. The lips were the most commonly affected site, with greyish-white mucous patches and reddish ulcers. In the literature review, the largest number of reported cases came from North America. Male patients in the third and fourth decades of life were most affected. AOS occurred more commonly as mucous patches and ulcers on the tongue and palate. Similarities regarding the distribution by sex, age, and anatomical location were found in the present study when compared to cases reported elsewhere. Clinicians, oral pathologists, and maxillofacial surgeons should familiarize themselves with the variable spectrum of signs and symptoms of AOS in their clinical practice to improve diagnosis and management.

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Three-dimensional soft tissue effects of mandibular midline distraction and surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: an automatic stereophotogrammetry landmarking analysis

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): A. Gül, M.A. de Jong, J.P. de Gijt, E.B. Wolvius, M. Kayser, S. Böhringer, M.J. Koudstaal

Abstract

Studies on mandibular midline distraction (MMD) are mostly performed using conventional research methods. Concerning surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME), more research is conducted using three-dimensional (3D) techniques. Research on bimaxillary expansion, the combination of MMD and SARME, is reported sparsely. The main objective of this study was to provide a 3D evaluation of soft tissue effects following SARME and/or MMD. Patients who underwent SARME and/or MMD between 2008 and 2013 were included. Stereophotogrammetry was undertaken at the following time points: preoperative (T1), immediately post-distraction (T2), 1 year postoperative (T3). An automatic 3D facial landmarking algorithm using two-dimensional Gabor wavelets was applied for the analysis. Twenty patients who had undergone SARME were included, 12 of whom had undergone bimaxillary expansion. Age at the time of surgery ranged from 16 to 47 years. There was a significant downward displacement of soft tissue pogonion. Furthermore, there was a significant mean increase of 2.20 mm in inter-alar width and a non-significant mean increase of 1.77 mm in inter-alar curvature point width. In conclusion, automatic stereophotogrammetry landmarking analysis of soft tissue effects showed downward displacement of soft tissue pogonion following bimaxillary expansion and transverse widening of the inter-alar width and a tendency towards an increase in inter-alar curvature point width after SARME.

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Investigation of the Relationship between Fatty Pancreas and Cholecystectomy Using Noncontrast Computed Tomography

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2018

Source: Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences

Author(s): Ural Koc, Onur Taydas

Abstract

Introduction

Fatty pancreas, which can be evaluated with radiological methods, is a frequently overlooked finding. The aim of this study was to use noncontrast computed tomography (CT) to evaluate whether there was a relationship between fatty pancreas and cholecystectomy, similar to the relationship between fatty liver and cholecystectomy, which has been previously shown in literature.

Methods

The study included 46 cases who underwent cholecystectomy and 74 age- and gender-matched control subjects. All the cases were scanned with noncontrast CT. Regions of interest were defined in the liver and pancreas, and density measurements were taken from four anatomic regions in the liver and three anatomic regions in the pancreas by two experienced radiologists in the same session with consensus. Cases in which the pancreas density was evaluated as <0.7 of the spleen density were accepted as quantitatively steatosis positive. In addition, visual evaluations were made, and anthropometric measurements were taken.

Results

Density and ratio values measured at the level of the pancreas body were determined to be statistically significantly lower in the cholecystectomy group than in the control group (P = .045 and P = .025, respectively). In the visual evaluation of fatty pancreas, the frequency 27 of 46 (50.7%) in the cholecystectomy group was statistically significantly higher than that of the control group at 27 of 74 (36.5%) (P = .017). Although the quantitative assessment showed that pancreatic steatosis frequency was higher in the cholecystectomy group, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = .543).

Conclusion

Using CT in the present study, higher rates of fatty liver and fatty pancreas were determined in cholecystectomy cases than in the normal population. Longitudinal studies of an extensive population will be able to better evaluate the relationship between cholecystectomy and fatty pancreas.

Résumé

Introduction

La stéatose pancréatique, une affection qui peut être évaluée à l'aide de méthodes radiologiques, est un diagnostic souvent négligé. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous avons utilisé une tomographie par ordinateur sans agent de contraste pour voir s'il est possible d'établir un lien entre la stéatose pancréatique et la cholécystectomie comme celui qui existe entre la stéatose hépatique et la cholécystectomie, lequel a été démontré dans des articles précédents.

Méthodologie

L'étude porte sur 46 cas de personnes ayant subi une cholécystectomie et comprend 74 sujets témoins d'âge et de sexe correspondants. Toutes ces personnes ont subi une tomographie par ordinateur sans agent de contraste. Des régions d'intérêt dans le foie et dans le pancréas ont été définies et des mesures de la densité de quatre régions anatomiques du foie et de trois régions anatomiques du pancréas ont été prises par deux radiologues experts au cours d'une même séance et avec consensus. Lorsque la densité du pancréas était évaluée à < 0,7 de la densité de la rate, le cas était accepté comme un cas positif de stéatose selon une évaluation quantitative. De plus, des évaluations visuelles ont été réalisées et des mesures anthropométriques ont été prises.

Résultats

Les valeurs de densité et de rapport obtenues pour le pancréas étaient significativement plus faibles dans le groupe de personnes ayant subi une cholécystectomie que dans le groupe témoin (p=0,045; p=0,025). Pendant l'évaluation visuelle de la stéatose pancréatique, la fréquence de 27/46 (50,7%) dans le groupe de personnes ayant subi une cholécystectomie était significativement plus élevée que celle du groupe témoin, qui était de 27/74 (36,5%) (p=0.017). Même si la fréquence de stéatoses pancréatiques selon l'évaluation quantitative était plus élevée dans le groupe de cholécystectomie, il n'y avait pas de différence significative entre les deux groupes (p=0.543).

Conclusion

Dans la présente étude, en ayant recours à la tomographie par ordinateur, nous avons déterminé que les taux de stéatoses hépatiques et de stéatoses pancréatiques étaient plus élevés chez les personnes ayant subi une cholécystectomie que dans la population générale. Des études longitudinales d'une population étendue permettront de mieux évaluer le lien qui existe entre la cholécystectomie et la stéatose pancréatique.

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