A young man with numbness in arms and legs: From the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Case Conference Proceedings

A gentleman in his late 40s developed a "pins and needles" sensation and numbness in his left hand that was exacerbated by leaning on his left arm or hyperextending his neck. The numbness developed over a few weeks. Over the next 2 months, the numbness spread proximally in the left arm, then to the right arm, and in patches over his bilateral upper chest and next to the bilateral posterior thighs. He denied pain, weakness, fatigue, cognitive changes, vision changes, dysarthria, or dysphagia or changes in bladder or bowel function. A review of systems was otherwise negative or normal. Past medical history was notable for hyperlipidemia, treated with atorvastatin 20 mg daily. There was no family history of neurologic or autoimmune disease. Vital signs and general physical examination were no...

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A young man with numbness in arms and legs: From the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Case Conference Proceedings

A gentleman in his late 40s developed a "pins and needles" sensation and numbness in his left hand that was exacerbated by leaning on his left arm or hyperextending his neck. The numbness developed over a few weeks. Over the next 2 months, the numbness spread proximally in the left arm, then to the right arm, and in patches over his bilateral upper chest and next to the bilateral posterior thighs. He denied pain, weakness, fatigue, cognitive changes, vision changes, dysarthria, or dysphagia or changes in bladder or bowel function. A review of systems was otherwise negative or normal. Past medical history was notable for hyperlipidemia, treated with atorvastatin 20 mg daily. There was no family history of neurologic or autoimmune disease. Vital signs and general physical examination were no...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Rd5PcB

Brazilian experience with atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the positivity rates of atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis in patients with respiratory diseases such as ast...

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Brazilian experience with atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the positivity rates of atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis in patients with respiratory diseases such as ast...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2O2dlF3

Brazilian experience with atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis

ConclusionThe APT should be considered as an additional test when the SPT and specific serum IgE tests are negative in patients with clinical histories of allergies. (Source: World Allergy Organization Journal)

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Brazilian experience with atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis

ConclusionThe APT should be considered as an additional test when the SPT and specific serum IgE tests are negative in patients with clinical histories of allergies. (Source: World Allergy Organization Journal)

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Brazilian experience with atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis

ConclusionThe APT should be considered as an additional test when the SPT and specific serum IgE tests are negative in patients with clinical histories of allergies. (Source: World Allergy Organization Journal)

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The immunologic constant of rejection classification refines the prognostic value of conventional prognostic signatures in breast cancer

The immunologic constant of rejection classification refines the prognostic value of conventional prognostic signatures in breast cancer, Published online: 24 October 2018; doi:10.1038/s41416-018-0309-1The immunologic constant of rejection classification refines the prognostic value of conventional prognostic signatures in breast cancer (Source: British Journal of Cancer)

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Clinical and Immunological Characterization of ICF Syndrome in Japan

ConclusionThese results indicate that patients with ICF syndrome have a phenotype of combined immunodeficiency. Thus, to achieve a better prognosis, these patients should be treated as having combined immunodeficiency in addition to receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy. (Source: Journal of Clinical Immunology)

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Brazilian experience with atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis

ConclusionThe APT should be considered as an additional test when the SPT and specific serum IgE tests are negative in patients with clinical histories of allergies. (Source: World Allergy Organization Journal)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2S9j1jM

The immunologic constant of rejection classification refines the prognostic value of conventional prognostic signatures in breast cancer

The immunologic constant of rejection classification refines the prognostic value of conventional prognostic signatures in breast cancer, Published online: 24 October 2018; doi:10.1038/s41416-018-0309-1The immunologic constant of rejection classification refines the prognostic value of conventional prognostic signatures in breast cancer (Source: British Journal of Cancer)

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Clinical and Immunological Characterization of ICF Syndrome in Japan

ConclusionThese results indicate that patients with ICF syndrome have a phenotype of combined immunodeficiency. Thus, to achieve a better prognosis, these patients should be treated as having combined immunodeficiency in addition to receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy. (Source: Journal of Clinical Immunology)

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Brazilian experience with atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the positivity rates of atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis in patients with respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis with or without atopic dermatitis.

Methods

The patients' clinical histories were collected, and the patients were subjected to skin prick and patch tests with the three different house dust mites on the same day. The patch tests were examined 48 hours later, and then patients were divided into two groups: I- patients with respiratory diseases, such as asthma and/or rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis and II-patients with only respiratory diseases. A total of 74 patients ranging in age from 2 to 60 years were included in this study; 16 patients were included in group I and 58 were included in group II. This study was approved by the human ethics committee of the Faculty of Medical Science and Health SUPREMA (number 2.007.135), and written informed consent was collected from each patient or their parents prior to enrollment.

Results

In the skin prick tests, the most prevalent mite that evoked a reaction was Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, followed by Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis. Regarding the atopy patch tests, the mite that most frequently induced a positive reaction was Dermatophagoides farinae (78.4%), followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (77%) and Blomia tropicalis (52.7%). A comparison of the skin prick and atopy patch tests revealed that 53 patients (71.6%) were positive on both tests, and 30 (56.6%) patients were positivite for the same mite. We found six patients (8%) who had a positive clinical history of allergy and only exhibited positivity on the atopy patch test.

Discussion

Most studies have been performed with atopic dermatitis patients, but in this study, most of the patients had respiratory conditions. Blomia tropicalis is a mite that is prevalent in tropical areas, such as Brazil, and only two publications include these three mites, wich are present in Brazil. The APT may produce positive results in concordance with the SPT resuts, but may also be the only positive test ( 8%) as we observed in our study. These results suggest that the mite atopy patch test is relevant and should be considered as an additional test for patients with clinical histories of allergic respiratory disease who have negative prick test results.

Conclusion

The APT should be considered as an additional test when the SPT and specific serum IgE tests are negative in patients with clinical histories of allergies.

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Brazilian experience with atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the positivity rates of atopy patch tests for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis in patients with respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis with or without atopic dermatitis.

Methods

The patients' clinical histories were collected, and the patients were subjected to skin prick and patch tests with the three different house dust mites on the same day. The patch tests were examined 48 hours later, and then patients were divided into two groups: I- patients with respiratory diseases, such as asthma and/or rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis and II-patients with only respiratory diseases. A total of 74 patients ranging in age from 2 to 60 years were included in this study; 16 patients were included in group I and 58 were included in group II. This study was approved by the human ethics committee of the Faculty of Medical Science and Health SUPREMA (number 2.007.135), and written informed consent was collected from each patient or their parents prior to enrollment.

Results

In the skin prick tests, the most prevalent mite that evoked a reaction was Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, followed by Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis. Regarding the atopy patch tests, the mite that most frequently induced a positive reaction was Dermatophagoides farinae (78.4%), followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (77%) and Blomia tropicalis (52.7%). A comparison of the skin prick and atopy patch tests revealed that 53 patients (71.6%) were positive on both tests, and 30 (56.6%) patients were positivite for the same mite. We found six patients (8%) who had a positive clinical history of allergy and only exhibited positivity on the atopy patch test.

Discussion

Most studies have been performed with atopic dermatitis patients, but in this study, most of the patients had respiratory conditions. Blomia tropicalis is a mite that is prevalent in tropical areas, such as Brazil, and only two publications include these three mites, wich are present in Brazil. The APT may produce positive results in concordance with the SPT resuts, but may also be the only positive test ( 8%) as we observed in our study. These results suggest that the mite atopy patch test is relevant and should be considered as an additional test for patients with clinical histories of allergic respiratory disease who have negative prick test results.

Conclusion

The APT should be considered as an additional test when the SPT and specific serum IgE tests are negative in patients with clinical histories of allergies.

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In silico food allergenic risk evaluation of proteins extracted from macroalgae Ulva sp. with pulsed electric fields

This study shows an importance and the need for deep investigation of algal proteins and protein extraction technology health impacts prior to large-scale release to the market of "novel food" derived proteins. (Source: Food Chemistry)

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Haloperidol, Ziprasidone Found Ineffective in Treating Patients With Delirium in the ICU

Neither haloperidol nor ziprasidone, medications commonly used to treat psychosis, had any benefit over placebo in treating patients for delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU), according to astudy published Monday in theNew England Journal of Medicine."For more than 40 years, intravenous antipsychotic medications have been used to treat delirium in hospitalized patients," wrote E.W. Ely, M.D., of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center and colleagues. "In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous antipsychotic medications for the treatment of delirium in the ICU, there was no evidence that either haloperidol or ziprasidone led to a shorter duration of delirium and coma."The study involved patients with acute respiratory failure or shock who develope...

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Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section.

CONCLUSIONS: There was insufficient evidence available from the included RCTs to fully evaluate different agents and methods of skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section. Therefore, it is not yet clear what sort of skin preparation may be most effective for preventing postcaesarean surgical site infection, or for reducing other undesirable outcomes for mother and baby.Most of the evidence in this review was deemed to be very low or low quality. This means that for most findings, our confidence in any evidence of an intervention effect is limited, and indicates the need for more high-quality research.This field needs high quality, well designed RCTs, with larger sample sizes. High priority questions include comparing types of antiseptic (especially iodine versus ...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PVsHx3

In silico food allergenic risk evaluation of proteins extracted from macroalgae Ulva sp. with pulsed electric fields

This study shows an importance and the need for deep investigation of algal proteins and protein extraction technology health impacts prior to large-scale release to the market of "novel food" derived proteins. (Source: Food Chemistry)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PYRRdO

Haloperidol, Ziprasidone Found Ineffective in Treating Patients With Delirium in the ICU

Neither haloperidol nor ziprasidone, medications commonly used to treat psychosis, had any benefit over placebo in treating patients for delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU), according to astudy published Monday in theNew England Journal of Medicine."For more than 40 years, intravenous antipsychotic medications have been used to treat delirium in hospitalized patients," wrote E.W. Ely, M.D., of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center and colleagues. "In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous antipsychotic medications for the treatment of delirium in the ICU, there was no evidence that either haloperidol or ziprasidone led to a shorter duration of delirium and coma."The study involved patients with acute respiratory failure or shock who develope...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2S9dREq

Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section.

CONCLUSIONS: There was insufficient evidence available from the included RCTs to fully evaluate different agents and methods of skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section. Therefore, it is not yet clear what sort of skin preparation may be most effective for preventing postcaesarean surgical site infection, or for reducing other undesirable outcomes for mother and baby.Most of the evidence in this review was deemed to be very low or low quality. This means that for most findings, our confidence in any evidence of an intervention effect is limited, and indicates the need for more high-quality research.This field needs high quality, well designed RCTs, with larger sample sizes. High priority questions include comparing types of antiseptic (especially iodine versus ...

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Electric compound action potentials (ECAPs) and impedances in an open and closed operative site during cochlear implantation

. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)

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Electric compound action potentials (ECAPs) and impedances in an open and closed operative site during cochlear implantation

. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)

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Burning Mouth Syndrome: a Diagnostic Challenge

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential delay in the diagnosis and management of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to identify common diagnostic pitfalls.

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Assessing the Incidence of Oral Ulceration with Sequestration

Objectives: Multiple case reports and small case series have described the apparently spontaneous development of oral mucosal ulcers with necrotic bone bases, involving the posterior lingual mandible or exostoses, in patients not using antiresorptive medications. The aim of this study was to determine incidence and characteristic features of this condition, called oral ulceration with sequestration (OUS), in patients presenting in general dental practices.

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IgG4-Related Disease Mimicking Extranodal Lymphoma of the Hard Palatal Mucosa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)–related disease is a rare fibroinflammatory disease first recognized as a systemic condition in 2003. The disorder is characterized by multiple tumor-like swellings, a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with numerous with IgG4-positive plasma cells, and fibrosis. Organs commonly involved include the pancreas, lungs, hepatobiliary tract, lymph nodes, and major salivary glands; involvement of the minor salivary glands of the mucosa of the hard palate has rarely been reported.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AqlEXT

Timing of Preradiation Dental Treatment and Risk of Osteoradionecrosis

Objective: Per the consensus proposed by the National Institutes of Health in 1989, patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) must undergo a thorough dental evaluation to identify potential oral conditions that can affect the course of radiotherapy (RT). If needed, invasive dental procedures are recommended before RT because of the increased risk of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) resulting from disturbances in wound healing caused by RT. Guidelines of pre-RT dental treatment vary because of lack of sufficient scientific evidence to establish a protocol; there is limited knowledge about the influence of the timing of pre-RT prophylactic dental treatment on ORN among patients with HNC.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AoLAmr

Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Due to Gain-of-Function Mutation in STAT1

Background: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiency diseases characterized by susceptibility to chronic or recurrent superficial Candida infection of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. Gain-of-function mutations in the STAT1 gene (STAT1-GOF) are the most common reported cause of CMC. We describe here the clinical and genetic findings for 3 patients with CMC caused by novel gain-of-function mutations in STAT1-GOF.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CALmdp

Combined PI3 K/mTOR Inhibition and Transcriptional Repression in Head and Neck Carcinoma

Objective: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Responses to targeted therapy for HNSCC have been observed to be modest because they are limited by tumor heterogeneity and adaptive resistance. Combination therapy has been proposed to mitigate the difficulties in sustaining responses to targeted therapy. Genomic characterization and preclinical studies have shown frequent phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in HNSCC.

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Implications of Oral GVHD Diagnosed Clinically between Days 70 and 100 after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in the Eventual Development of Chronic GVHD

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the association between oral mucosal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) during evaluation at the time of departure in individuals who were otherwise GVHD naïve at that time and the eventual development of chronic GVHD requiring treatment with systemic immunosuppression.

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Information for Readers

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Newer Generation Oral Anticoagulants: an Unguided Increase in Popularity

Objectives: Despite the recent and steady rise in the prevalence of newer-generation oral anticoagulants (NGOAs), there is no sufficient protocol or standard of care set for their uses. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of patients on NGOAs seen at the Tufts University School of Dental Medicine (TUSDM). The secondary objective was to investigate the current precautionary measures implemented when treating patients on NGOAs and postoperative complications associated with their use.

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Local Recurrence and Epithelial Dysplasia at the Resection Margin of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objectives: At the annual meeting of the American Academy of Oral Medicine (AAOM) in 2014, we reported on local recurrence resulting from dysplastic epithelia remaining at the resection margin in 15 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the present study, the relationship between p53 status in dysplasia at the resection margin and recurrence was investigated with the same series of 15 OSCCs.

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IgG4-Related Disease Mimicking Extranodal Lymphoma of the Hard Palatal Mucosa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)–related disease is a rare fibroinflammatory disease first recognized as a systemic condition in 2003. The disorder is characterized by multiple tumor-like swellings, a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with numerous with IgG4-positive plasma cells, and fibrosis. Organs commonly involved include the pancreas, lungs, hepatobiliary tract, lymph nodes, and major salivary glands; involvement of the minor salivary glands of the mucosa of the hard palate has rarely been reported.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AqlEXT

The Parotid Gland in Primary Sjögren Syndrome: Association of Ultrasound, Histopathology and Saliva Production in the Diagnostic Workup

Objectives: The parotid glands are commonly involved in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound of the parotid glands (PSGUS) compared with parotid histopathology and parotid saliva production.

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HIV Screening in the Dental Chair

Objectives: New York State (NYS) Blueprint on Ending the AIDS Epidemic (ETE) recommends routine HIV testing be permitted in additional care settings, including dental offices. A demonstration project was initiated to implement HIV screening in participating dental clinics in New York. We assessed the percentages of patients who accepted the HIV test offer and tested HIV reactive/positive.

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The Rivelin Patch—A New Treatment Strategy for Oral Lichen Planus

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate adhesion time and tolerability of plain patches when applied to symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions and evaluate the feasibility of applying plain patches in the oral cavity.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CAL5XV

Timing of Preradiation Dental Treatment and Risk of Osteoradionecrosis

Objective: Per the consensus proposed by the National Institutes of Health in 1989, patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) must undergo a thorough dental evaluation to identify potential oral conditions that can affect the course of radiotherapy (RT). If needed, invasive dental procedures are recommended before RT because of the increased risk of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) resulting from disturbances in wound healing caused by RT. Guidelines of pre-RT dental treatment vary because of lack of sufficient scientific evidence to establish a protocol; there is limited knowledge about the influence of the timing of pre-RT prophylactic dental treatment on ORN among patients with HNC.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AoLAmr

Novel Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody CFZ533 in Patients with Primary Sjogren Syndrome: A Phase Iia Double-Blind, Placebo–Controlled Randomized Trial

Objectives: Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is a progressive autoimmune disease characterized by formation of ectopic germinal centers in exocrine glands and secretory gland dysfunction with subset of patients developing extraglandular manifestations. CFZ533 is a novel monoclonal antibody that selectively blocks CD40, a co-stimulatory pathway receptor essential for germinal center reactions and other immune-mediated functions implicated in pSS pathogenesis. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentric, partial crossover, Phase IIa Proof of Concept (PoC) study to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of CFZ533 in patients with pSS.

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Oncogenic Osteomalacia Caused by a Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor of the Mandible: a Case Report

Background: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, and patients present with hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia, with clinical features that include bone pain, fractures, and muscle weakness. The etiology includes high levels of phosphate, vitamin D–regulating hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). In TIO, FGF23 can be secreted by a variety of tumors, most commonly mesenchymal tumors that are typically small and difficult to locate. FGF23 acts primarily at the renal tubules and impairs phosphate resorption, leading to hypophosphatemia that inhibits the 1-alpha hydroxylase.

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Severe Oral Mucosal Hypersensitivity Reaction to Apixaban

Background: Allergic reactions to direct factor Xa inhibitors (DFXaIs) are very rare and not well documented. Through PubMed search, we could not identify any reported case of oral hypersensitivity reaction to DFXaIs. We present here a case of oral mucosal sloughing associated with the use of apixaban.

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Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Due to Gain-of-Function Mutation in STAT1

Background: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiency diseases characterized by susceptibility to chronic or recurrent superficial Candida infection of skin, nails, and mucous membranes. Gain-of-function mutations in the STAT1 gene (STAT1-GOF) are the most common reported cause of CMC. We describe here the clinical and genetic findings for 3 patients with CMC caused by novel gain-of-function mutations in STAT1-GOF.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CALmdp

Combined PI3 K/mTOR Inhibition and Transcriptional Repression in Head and Neck Carcinoma

Objective: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Responses to targeted therapy for HNSCC have been observed to be modest because they are limited by tumor heterogeneity and adaptive resistance. Combination therapy has been proposed to mitigate the difficulties in sustaining responses to targeted therapy. Genomic characterization and preclinical studies have shown frequent phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in HNSCC.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AqlpvX

Implications of Oral GVHD Diagnosed Clinically between Days 70 and 100 after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in the Eventual Development of Chronic GVHD

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the association between oral mucosal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) during evaluation at the time of departure in individuals who were otherwise GVHD naïve at that time and the eventual development of chronic GVHD requiring treatment with systemic immunosuppression.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CALgCz

Information for Readers

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AqllfH

Newer Generation Oral Anticoagulants: an Unguided Increase in Popularity

Objectives: Despite the recent and steady rise in the prevalence of newer-generation oral anticoagulants (NGOAs), there is no sufficient protocol or standard of care set for their uses. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of patients on NGOAs seen at the Tufts University School of Dental Medicine (TUSDM). The secondary objective was to investigate the current precautionary measures implemented when treating patients on NGOAs and postoperative complications associated with their use.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CEeEb0

Referred Pain in Temporomandibular Disorders: Prevalence, Associated Factors and Effects on TMD Prognosis

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of referred pain in patients who were diagnosed with painful TMDs and were included in the RDC/TMD Validation and TMD Impact Studies. A second objective was to identify factors associated with the presence and persistence of referred pain, including Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) scores, number of bodily pain sites, and Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) scores. A third objective was to assess the impact of referred pain on the course and prognosis of TMDs.

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The Parotid Gland in Primary Sjögren Syndrome: Association of Ultrasound, Histopathology and Saliva Production in the Diagnostic Workup

Objectives: The parotid glands are commonly involved in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound of the parotid glands (PSGUS) compared with parotid histopathology and parotid saliva production.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Aqldgd

The Rivelin Patch—A New Treatment Strategy for Oral Lichen Planus

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate adhesion time and tolerability of plain patches when applied to symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions and evaluate the feasibility of applying plain patches in the oral cavity.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CAL5XV

Novel Anti-CD40 Monoclonal Antibody CFZ533 in Patients with Primary Sjogren Syndrome: A Phase Iia Double-Blind, Placebo–Controlled Randomized Trial

Objectives: Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is a progressive autoimmune disease characterized by formation of ectopic germinal centers in exocrine glands and secretory gland dysfunction with subset of patients developing extraglandular manifestations. CFZ533 is a novel monoclonal antibody that selectively blocks CD40, a co-stimulatory pathway receptor essential for germinal center reactions and other immune-mediated functions implicated in pSS pathogenesis. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentric, partial crossover, Phase IIa Proof of Concept (PoC) study to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of CFZ533 in patients with pSS.

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Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorder in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in patients classified with primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) and determine risk factors for TMDs in this cohort of patients.

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Novel Bilayer Mucoadhesive Patches for Delivery of Clobetasol-17-Propionate to the Oral Mucosa to Treat Oral Lichen Planus; an in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation

Objectives: Oral lichen planus (OLP) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) are chronic inflammatory conditions often characterized by erosive or painful oral lesions that have a considerable impact on quality of life. Current treatment often necessitates the use of steroids in the form of mouthwashes, creams, or ointments but these are often ineffective because of inadequate drug contact times with the lesion. Here, we evaluate the performance of novel bilayer mucoadhesive patches for unidirectional delivery of the steroid clobetasol-17-propionate to the oral mucosa.

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Reizreaktivität und Craving bei Verhaltenssüchten mit Fokus auf Internetnutzungsstörungen

Verhaltenssüchte sind gekennzeichnet durch das wiederholte Ausüben eines spezifischen Verhaltens unter Missachtung negativer Konsequenzen und des erlebten Kontrollverlusts im Alltag. Zentrale Konstrukte sind dabei Reizreaktivität und Craving, die aus der substanzbezogenen Suchtforschung auch durch aktuelle theoretische Modelle auf die Verhaltenssüchte übertragen werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über theoretische und empirische Arbeiten, die konsistent die Relevanz von Reizreaktivität und Craving als Schlüsselkonzepte auf subjektiver, peripherphysiologischer und neuraler Ebene bei der Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung spezifischer Verhaltenssüchte unterstreichen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt wird hierbei auf spezifische Internetnutzungsstörungen und die bisherigen empirischen Befunde gelegt. Aus den dargestellten Erkenntnissen werden Empfehlungen für therapeutische Konzepte abgeleitet, die vor allem Reizreaktivität und Craving in den Fokus rücken sollten. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Ansätze sollte in zukünftigen Studien systematisch zur Optimierung therapeutischer Interventionen im Rahmen der Behandlung von Verhaltenssüchten überprüft werden.
Verhaltenstherapie

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Toxicity of an Fc-engineered anti-CD40 antibody is abrogated by intratumoral injection and results in durable antitumor immunity [Immunology and Inflammation]

Immune stimulation has emerged as a promising approach to the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Currently approved therapeutics, such as anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1, are primarily aimed at blocking inhibitory signaling by immune cells. An alternative and potentially synergistic approach would involve activation of immune pathways by agonism of stimulatory receptors, such... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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C-type lectin receptor LSECtin-mediated apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages directs intestinal repair in experimental colitis [Immunology and Inflammation]

Epithelial barrier disruption is a major cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the cellular and molecular regulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis remains largely undefined. Here, we show that the C-type lectin receptor LSECtin (Clec4g) on macrophages is required for protection against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Mechanistically, LSECtin promotes apoptotic... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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Glucose metabolism mediates disease tolerance in cerebral malaria [Immunology and Inflammation]

Sickness behaviors are a conserved set of stereotypic responses to inflammatory diseases. We recently demonstrated that interfering with inflammation-induced anorexia led to metabolic changes that had profound effects on survival of acute inflammatory conditions. We found that different inflammatory states needed to be coordinated with corresponding metabolic programs to actuate... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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Regnase-1 controls colon epithelial regeneration via regulation of mTOR and purine metabolism [Immunology and Inflammation]

Damage to intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) layers during intestinal inflammation is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Here we show that the endoribonuclease Regnase-1 controls colon epithelial regeneration by regulating protein kinase mTOR (the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) and purine metabolism. During dextran sulfate sodium-induced intestinal epithelial injury and acute... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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C-type lectin receptor LSECtin-mediated apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages directs intestinal repair in experimental colitis [Immunology and Inflammation]

Epithelial barrier disruption is a major cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the cellular and molecular regulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis remains largely undefined. Here, we show that the C-type lectin receptor LSECtin (Clec4g) on macrophages is required for protection against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Mechanistically, LSECtin promotes apoptotic... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R959EY

Toxicity of an Fc-engineered anti-CD40 antibody is abrogated by intratumoral injection and results in durable antitumor immunity [Immunology and Inflammation]

Immune stimulation has emerged as a promising approach to the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Currently approved therapeutics, such as anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1, are primarily aimed at blocking inhibitory signaling by immune cells. An alternative and potentially synergistic approach would involve activation of immune pathways by agonism of stimulatory receptors, such... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2q7eeCH

Glucose metabolism mediates disease tolerance in cerebral malaria [Immunology and Inflammation]

Sickness behaviors are a conserved set of stereotypic responses to inflammatory diseases. We recently demonstrated that interfering with inflammation-induced anorexia led to metabolic changes that had profound effects on survival of acute inflammatory conditions. We found that different inflammatory states needed to be coordinated with corresponding metabolic programs to actuate... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R6VuyH

Regnase-1 controls colon epithelial regeneration via regulation of mTOR and purine metabolism [Immunology and Inflammation]

Damage to intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) layers during intestinal inflammation is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Here we show that the endoribonuclease Regnase-1 controls colon epithelial regeneration by regulating protein kinase mTOR (the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) and purine metabolism. During dextran sulfate sodium-induced intestinal epithelial injury and acute... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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Effects of propofol and etomidate anesthesia on cardiovascular miRNA expression: the different profiles?

Abstract

Background

The effects of the intravenous anesthetics propofol and etomidate on circulation are significantly different; however, their differing effects on miRNA expression in the cardiovascular system are not clearly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of these two anesthetics on miRNA expression profiles in the heart and blood vessels.

Methods

Rats were randomly divided into a propofol group and an etomidate group. Spontaneous breathing was maintained throughout the anesthesia process and the rats' oxygen supply was ensured. Heart and thoracic aorta tissue was harvested 3 h after induction. The expression profiles of cardiovascular miRNAs were detected by microarray 4.0 analysis. Twelve representative miRNAs were selected for qRT-PCR validation, and their target genes were predicted using bioinformatics methods.

Results

Microarray analysis showed 16 differentially expressed miRNAs in heart tissue from the propofol group compared with the etomidate group (10 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated), while in the blood vessels there were 25 altered miRNAs (10 up-regulated, 15 down-regulated). After verifying 12 representative miRNAs via qRT-PCR, the results showed no significant difference in the expression of miRNAs in the heart tissue, but a significant difference in the expression of 5 miRNAs in vessel tissue between the two groups. Bioinformatics analysis predicts that the target genes of the 5 differentially expressed miRNAs are associated with chemical synapse signaling pathways.

Conclusions

Propofol and etomidate have different effects on the expression of cardiovascular miRNAs, and further research is needed to elucidate the functional consequences of these differentially expressed miRNAs.

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Effects of propofol and etomidate anesthesia on cardiovascular miRNA expression: the different profiles?

Abstract

Background

The effects of the intravenous anesthetics propofol and etomidate on circulation are significantly different; however, their differing effects on miRNA expression in the cardiovascular system are not clearly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of these two anesthetics on miRNA expression profiles in the heart and blood vessels.

Methods

Rats were randomly divided into a propofol group and an etomidate group. Spontaneous breathing was maintained throughout the anesthesia process and the rats' oxygen supply was ensured. Heart and thoracic aorta tissue was harvested 3 h after induction. The expression profiles of cardiovascular miRNAs were detected by microarray 4.0 analysis. Twelve representative miRNAs were selected for qRT-PCR validation, and their target genes were predicted using bioinformatics methods.

Results

Microarray analysis showed 16 differentially expressed miRNAs in heart tissue from the propofol group compared with the etomidate group (10 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated), while in the blood vessels there were 25 altered miRNAs (10 up-regulated, 15 down-regulated). After verifying 12 representative miRNAs via qRT-PCR, the results showed no significant difference in the expression of miRNAs in the heart tissue, but a significant difference in the expression of 5 miRNAs in vessel tissue between the two groups. Bioinformatics analysis predicts that the target genes of the 5 differentially expressed miRNAs are associated with chemical synapse signaling pathways.

Conclusions

Propofol and etomidate have different effects on the expression of cardiovascular miRNAs, and further research is needed to elucidate the functional consequences of these differentially expressed miRNAs.

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Semi-supervised acoustic model training for speech with code-switching

Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018Source: Speech CommunicationAuthor(s): Emre Yılmaz, Mitchell McLaren, Henk van den Heuvel, David A. van LeeuwenAbstractIn the FAME! project, we aim to develop an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for Frisian-Dutch code-switching (CS) speech extracted from the archives of a local broadcaster with the ultimate goal of building a spoken document retrieval system. Unlike Dutch, Frisian is a low-resourced language with a very limited amount of manually annotated speech data. In this paper, we describe several automatic annotation approaches to enable using of a large amount of raw bilingual broadcast data for acoustic model training in a semi-supervised setting. Previously, it has been shown that the best-performing ASR system is obtain...

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Pedagogic ventriloquation: Projected constructed direct reported speech in teacher talk

Publication date: January 2019Source: Language & Communication, Volume 64Author(s): Robert Jean LeBlancAbstractDrawing on an interactional sociolinguistic approach to classroom talk, I conceptualize pedagogic ventriloquation: representation of students' linguistic actions which have not actually happened but which are framed as potential or likely through quotatives and paralinguistic features, for the purposes of instruction. Using data from audio-recordings of a 9th grade ELA classroom in Southern California, I demonstrate the teacher's use of this form i) to provide an evidentiary base for claims about students' classroom work habits and, ii) as indirect criticism which allows the teacher/speaker to simultaneously distance or detach themselves from the censure. I argue for conceptualizi...

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Juana Isabel Mar ín Arrese Gerda Haßler Marta Carretero: Evidentiality revisited: Cognitive grammar, functional and discourse-pragmatic perspectives

Journal Name: Cognitive Linguistics Issue: Ahead of print (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)

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Perceptions of collaborative relationships between seven different health care professions in Northern Italy.

This study provides an initial insight into the perceived levels of IPC within a North Italian context. As such, it offers an account of the strengths and weaknesses of IPC from seven different professional groups based in this region of Europe. PMID: 30346847 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Interprofessional Care)

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Semi-supervised acoustic model training for speech with code-switching

Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018Source: Speech CommunicationAuthor(s): Emre Yılmaz, Mitchell McLaren, Henk van den Heuvel, David A. van LeeuwenAbstractIn the FAME! project, we aim to develop an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for Frisian-Dutch code-switching (CS) speech extracted from the archives of a local broadcaster with the ultimate goal of building a spoken document retrieval system. Unlike Dutch, Frisian is a low-resourced language with a very limited amount of manually annotated speech data. In this paper, we describe several automatic annotation approaches to enable using of a large amount of raw bilingual broadcast data for acoustic model training in a semi-supervised setting. Previously, it has been shown that the best-performing ASR system is obtain...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Sa9HfA

Pedagogic ventriloquation: Projected constructed direct reported speech in teacher talk

Publication date: January 2019Source: Language & Communication, Volume 64Author(s): Robert Jean LeBlancAbstractDrawing on an interactional sociolinguistic approach to classroom talk, I conceptualize pedagogic ventriloquation: representation of students' linguistic actions which have not actually happened but which are framed as potential or likely through quotatives and paralinguistic features, for the purposes of instruction. Using data from audio-recordings of a 9th grade ELA classroom in Southern California, I demonstrate the teacher's use of this form i) to provide an evidentiary base for claims about students' classroom work habits and, ii) as indirect criticism which allows the teacher/speaker to simultaneously distance or detach themselves from the censure. I argue for conceptualizi...

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Bilingual aphasia: Explanations in population encoding

Publication date: February 2019Source: Journal of Neurolinguistics, Volume 49Author(s): Stephen E. NadeauAbstractThe study of bilingual aphasia has particular power to determine the neural basis of language function and can advance the treatment of aphasia. No theory of bilingual language has provided a coherent and comprehensive account for research results. I begin with a précis of a population encoding model of language function that assumes that representations are based upon the patterns of activity of large populations of neurons. I then consider how regularities in specific domains of language function (e.g. in semantics and phonologic sequence knowledge), frequency effects, and age of acquisition effects (strongest in lexical-semantics) might account for observed behavior in polyg...

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Juana Isabel Mar ín Arrese Gerda Haßler Marta Carretero: Evidentiality revisited: Cognitive grammar, functional and discourse-pragmatic perspectives

Journal Name: Cognitive Linguistics Issue: Ahead of print (Source: Cognitive Linguistics)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yXUCVI

Perceptions of collaborative relationships between seven different health care professions in Northern Italy.

This study provides an initial insight into the perceived levels of IPC within a North Italian context. As such, it offers an account of the strengths and weaknesses of IPC from seven different professional groups based in this region of Europe. PMID: 30346847 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Interprofessional Care)

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Pyoderma Gangrenosum after Facelift and Otoplasty Surgery: Case Presentations and Literature Review

Pyoderma gangranosum (PG) is an uncommon autoimmune, neutrophilic, ulcerative skin condition of uncertain etiology, believed to result from a dysregulation of the immune system. Although this entity is well recognized by dermatologists, other specialties are less familiar with diagnosis and treatment. This paper reports a severe PG reaction to an elective cosmetic facelift which is believed to be the second reported case of PG after facelift surgery. A second case is reported after otoplasty surgery.

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Fungus ball of the maxillary sinus - modern treatment by osteoplastic approach and functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is considered the standard surgical therapy for fungus ball of the maxillary sinus. However, recent findings have indicated an odontogenic etiology, which requires simultaneous treatment of the dental origin. This study presents our treatment results of fungus ball of the maxillary sinus using a combination of FESS and an endoscopically assisted osteoplastic approach via the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, enabling the simultaneous treatment of the dental origin.

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Associations Between Poor Oral Health and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Many epidemiological studies have reported an association of poor oral health, especially periodontal disease (PD) and tooth loss, with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, these studies have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we investigated whether poor oral health is an independent predictor of SCCHN through a meta-analysis of observational studies.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yxiTT5

Pyoderma Gangrenosum after Facelift and Otoplasty Surgery: Case Presentations and Literature Review

Pyoderma gangranosum (PG) is an uncommon autoimmune, neutrophilic, ulcerative skin condition of uncertain etiology, believed to result from a dysregulation of the immune system. Although this entity is well recognized by dermatologists, other specialties are less familiar with diagnosis and treatment. This paper reports a severe PG reaction to an elective cosmetic facelift which is believed to be the second reported case of PG after facelift surgery. A second case is reported after otoplasty surgery.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2ytYq1h

Fungus ball of the maxillary sinus - modern treatment by osteoplastic approach and functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is considered the standard surgical therapy for fungus ball of the maxillary sinus. However, recent findings have indicated an odontogenic etiology, which requires simultaneous treatment of the dental origin. This study presents our treatment results of fungus ball of the maxillary sinus using a combination of FESS and an endoscopically assisted osteoplastic approach via the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, enabling the simultaneous treatment of the dental origin.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JiXscN

Associations Between Poor Oral Health and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Many epidemiological studies have reported an association of poor oral health, especially periodontal disease (PD) and tooth loss, with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, these studies have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we investigated whether poor oral health is an independent predictor of SCCHN through a meta-analysis of observational studies.

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Sturz bei der Gartenarbeit mit asymptomatischer penetrierender Halsverletzung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/a-0756-9714

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

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Aerobe Belastung bei Mundatmung verändert die Wahrnehmungsschwelle für H2S nicht

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/a-0753-0367

Hintergrund Während aerober körperlicher Belastung verschlechterte sich in einer früheren Studie bei Nasenatmung die Wahrnehmungsschwelle für H2S. Die Ursache blieb offen. Es soll in dieser Studie geprüft werden, wie sich die Wahrnehmungsschwelle bei alleiniger Mundatmung verändert. Material und Methoden Während einer Ruhephase einer aeroben Belastung und nachfolgender Erholungsphase wurden unterschiedliche H2S-Konzentrationen mittels eines Fluss-Olfaktometers im staircase Verfahren inspirationssynchron intranasal appliziert. Die fehlende Nasenatmung wurde online und offline objektiviert. Es wurden die Reaktionszeiten bestimmt. Parallel sind verschiedene Vitalparameter gemessen worden. Ergebnisse Die passiven Wahrnehmungsschwellen zwischen den Belastungs- und der Erholungsphasen differierten nicht. In der Ruhephase war die H2S Schwelle am höchsten. Die Reaktionszeiten waren in den drei Versuchsphasen nicht different. Schlussfolgerung Eine etwa halbstündige aerobe Belastung veränderte die passive Riechschwelle für H2S bei Mundatmung im Vergleich zur nachfolgenden Erholungsphase nicht. Die hohe Riechschwelle in der Ruhephase wird mit anfänglichen Anpassungsschwierigkeiten an die Versuchsbedingungen erklärt.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Sturz bei der Gartenarbeit mit asymptomatischer penetrierender Halsverletzung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/a-0756-9714

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2D3rh0H

Aerobe Belastung bei Mundatmung verändert die Wahrnehmungsschwelle für H2S nicht

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/a-0753-0367

Hintergrund Während aerober körperlicher Belastung verschlechterte sich in einer früheren Studie bei Nasenatmung die Wahrnehmungsschwelle für H2S. Die Ursache blieb offen. Es soll in dieser Studie geprüft werden, wie sich die Wahrnehmungsschwelle bei alleiniger Mundatmung verändert. Material und Methoden Während einer Ruhephase einer aeroben Belastung und nachfolgender Erholungsphase wurden unterschiedliche H2S-Konzentrationen mittels eines Fluss-Olfaktometers im staircase Verfahren inspirationssynchron intranasal appliziert. Die fehlende Nasenatmung wurde online und offline objektiviert. Es wurden die Reaktionszeiten bestimmt. Parallel sind verschiedene Vitalparameter gemessen worden. Ergebnisse Die passiven Wahrnehmungsschwellen zwischen den Belastungs- und der Erholungsphasen differierten nicht. In der Ruhephase war die H2S Schwelle am höchsten. Die Reaktionszeiten waren in den drei Versuchsphasen nicht different. Schlussfolgerung Eine etwa halbstündige aerobe Belastung veränderte die passive Riechschwelle für H2S bei Mundatmung im Vergleich zur nachfolgenden Erholungsphase nicht. Die hohe Riechschwelle in der Ruhephase wird mit anfänglichen Anpassungsschwierigkeiten an die Versuchsbedingungen erklärt.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PRmhyS

Pyoderma Gangrenosum after Facelift and Otoplasty Surgery: Case Presentations and Literature Review

Pyoderma gangranosum (PG) is an uncommon autoimmune, neutrophilic, ulcerative skin condition of uncertain etiology, believed to result from a dysregulation of the immune system. Although this entity is well recognized by dermatologists, other specialties are less familiar with diagnosis and treatment. This paper reports a severe PG reaction to an elective cosmetic facelift which is believed to be the second reported case of PG after facelift surgery. A second case is reported after otoplasty surgery.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2ytYq1h

Associations Between Poor Oral Health and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Many epidemiological studies have reported an association of poor oral health, especially periodontal disease (PD) and tooth loss, with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, these studies have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we investigated whether poor oral health is an independent predictor of SCCHN through a meta-analysis of observational studies.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yxiTT5

Pyoderma Gangrenosum after Facelift and Otoplasty Surgery: Case Presentations and Literature Review

Pyoderma gangranosum (PG) is an uncommon autoimmune, neutrophilic, ulcerative skin condition of uncertain etiology, believed to result from a dysregulation of the immune system. Although this entity is well recognized by dermatologists, other specialties are less familiar with diagnosis and treatment. This paper reports a severe PG reaction to an elective cosmetic facelift which is believed to be the second reported case of PG after facelift surgery. A second case is reported after otoplasty surgery.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2ytYq1h

Fungus ball of the maxillary sinus - modern treatment by osteoplastic approach and functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is considered the standard surgical therapy for fungus ball of the maxillary sinus. However, recent findings have indicated an odontogenic etiology, which requires simultaneous treatment of the dental origin. This study presents our treatment results of fungus ball of the maxillary sinus using a combination of FESS and an endoscopically assisted osteoplastic approach via the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus, enabling the simultaneous treatment of the dental origin.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2JiXscN

Associations Between Poor Oral Health and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Many epidemiological studies have reported an association of poor oral health, especially periodontal disease (PD) and tooth loss, with the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, these studies have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we investigated whether poor oral health is an independent predictor of SCCHN through a meta-analysis of observational studies.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yxiTT5

Genetic association between CD86 polymorphisms and the risk of sepsis in a Chinese Han population.

CONCLUSION: CD86 gene polymorphisms rs1129055 and rs1915087 may increase the risk of sepsis. PMID: 30343689 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Human Immunology)

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Androgen-dependent immune modulation in parasitic infection

AbstractParasitic infections modulate the immune system of the host, resulting in either immune tolerance or the induction of pro-inflammatory defense mechanisms against the pathogen. In both cases, sex hormones are involved in the regulation of the immune response, as they are present in the systemic circulation and can act on a wide variety of cell types, including immune cells. Men and women have a different milieu of sex hormones, and these hormones play a role in determining immune responses to parasitic infections. Men, who have higher plasma levels of androgens than women, are generally more susceptible to parasitic infections. Many immune cells express the androgen receptor (AR), and the immunologic functions of these cells can be modulated by androgens. In this review, we will hig...

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Genetic association between CD86 polymorphisms and the risk of sepsis in a Chinese Han population.

CONCLUSION: CD86 gene polymorphisms rs1129055 and rs1915087 may increase the risk of sepsis. PMID: 30343689 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Human Immunology)

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CZwOFf

Androgen-dependent immune modulation in parasitic infection

AbstractParasitic infections modulate the immune system of the host, resulting in either immune tolerance or the induction of pro-inflammatory defense mechanisms against the pathogen. In both cases, sex hormones are involved in the regulation of the immune response, as they are present in the systemic circulation and can act on a wide variety of cell types, including immune cells. Men and women have a different milieu of sex hormones, and these hormones play a role in determining immune responses to parasitic infections. Men, who have higher plasma levels of androgens than women, are generally more susceptible to parasitic infections. Many immune cells express the androgen receptor (AR), and the immunologic functions of these cells can be modulated by androgens. In this review, we will hig...

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Active Learning of the HL7 Medical Standard

Abstract

Health Level Seven (HL7®) is a standard for exchanging information between medical information systems. It is widely deployed and covers the exchange of information in several functional domains. It is very important and crucial to achieve interoperability in healthcare. HL7 competences are needed by all professionals touching information technology in healthcare. However, learning the standard has always been long and difficult due to its large breadth as well as to large and complex documentation. In this paper, we describe an innovative active learning approach based on solving problems from real clinical scenarios to learn the HL7 standard, quickly. We present the clinical scenarios used to achieve learning. For each scenario, we describe and discuss the learning objectives, clinical problem, clinical data, scaffolding introduction to the standard, software used, and the work required from the students. We present and discuss the results obtained by implementing the proposed approach during several semesters as part of a graduate course. Our proposed method has proven that HL7 can be learned quickly. We were successful in enabling students of different backgrounds to gain confidence and get familiar with a complex healthcare standard without the need for any software development skill.

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Active Learning of the HL7 Medical Standard

Abstract

Health Level Seven (HL7®) is a standard for exchanging information between medical information systems. It is widely deployed and covers the exchange of information in several functional domains. It is very important and crucial to achieve interoperability in healthcare. HL7 competences are needed by all professionals touching information technology in healthcare. However, learning the standard has always been long and difficult due to its large breadth as well as to large and complex documentation. In this paper, we describe an innovative active learning approach based on solving problems from real clinical scenarios to learn the HL7 standard, quickly. We present the clinical scenarios used to achieve learning. For each scenario, we describe and discuss the learning objectives, clinical problem, clinical data, scaffolding introduction to the standard, software used, and the work required from the students. We present and discuss the results obtained by implementing the proposed approach during several semesters as part of a graduate course. Our proposed method has proven that HL7 can be learned quickly. We were successful in enabling students of different backgrounds to gain confidence and get familiar with a complex healthcare standard without the need for any software development skill.

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Making Halloween Less Scary for Teens With Allergies, Asthma

Title: Making Halloween Less Scary for Teens With Allergies, AsthmaCategory: Health NewsCreated: 10/20/2018 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 10/22/2018 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet Allergies General)

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Making Halloween Less Scary for Teens With Allergies, Asthma

Title: Making Halloween Less Scary for Teens With Allergies, AsthmaCategory: Health NewsCreated: 10/20/2018 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 10/22/2018 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet Allergies General)

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How to have a safe Halloween

Halloween is a magical day for children. They get to dress up, there are festivities at school — and, of course, they get candy. Here are some simple tips from the American Academy of Pediatrics to keep Halloween magical by keeping children safe. Safe Halloween costumes As you and your child choose a costume, keep this advice in mind: Make sure the costume fits. If it's too big, or too small, it can make it hard to walk and move around safely. Make sure that any masks, wigs, hats, or other costume parts don't block your child's vision — instead of a mask, you might want to consider face paint. Make sure that any accessories — like swords or wands — are safe and carried safely. Safe pumpkins What would Halloween be without pumpkins? As you plan whether they will be scary or ...

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University of Cincinnati researcher studies cancer-detecting mouthwash with help from ACS grant

Source: healthnews.uc.edu Author: staff Scott Langevin, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Health and a member of both the […]

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Patients with HPV-positive oropharynx cancer should receive chemoradiation

Source: medicalxpress.com Author: provided by European Society for Medical Oncology Patients with human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive throat cancer should receive chemoradiotherapy […]

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University of Cincinnati researcher studies cancer-detecting mouthwash with help from ACS grant

Source: healthnews.uc.edu Author: staff Scott Langevin, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Health and a member of both the […]

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Patients with HPV-positive oropharynx cancer should receive chemoradiation

Source: medicalxpress.com Author: provided by European Society for Medical Oncology Patients with human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive throat cancer should receive chemoradiotherapy […]

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Comparison of miRNA expression profiles in individuals with chronic or aggressive periodontitis

Oral Diseases,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Oral Diseases)

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Multi ‐ethnic variations in the practice of oral cancer risk habits in a developing country

Oral Diseases,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Oral Diseases)

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Comparison of miRNA expression profiles in individuals with chronic or aggressive periodontitis

Oral Diseases,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Oral Diseases)

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Multi ‐ethnic variations in the practice of oral cancer risk habits in a developing country

Oral Diseases,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Oral Diseases)

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Radiologische Diagnostik der Gallenblase und der Gallenwege – Teil 1

Zusammenfassung

Leitsymptome zur Gallenwegdiagnostik sind der Oberbauchschmerz, der Ikterus und die laborchemisch manifeste Cholestase. Durch die Entwicklung der kontrastverstärkten Verfahren hat die Sonographie an diagnostischer Treffsicherheit gewonnen, ebenso die Computertomographie durch isotrope Sekundärrekonstruktionen und die Magnetresonanztomographie durch die MR-Cholangiographie nativ und nach leberspezifischem Kontrastmittel sowie diffusionsgewichtete Sequenzen. Diese technischen Verbesserungen erlauben heute auch die Darstellung des nicht dilatierten Gallenwegsystems in diagnostischer Qualität. Normvarianten und Fehlbildungen der biliären Anatomie sind ebenso darstellbar wie der postoperative Situs und damit verbundene Komplikationen. Die Cholelithiasis ist die häufigste Erkrankung der Gallenblase und der Gallenwege. Zusammen mit ihren Komplikationen ist sie damit zugleich in der Mehrzahl der Fälle die Ursache entzündlicher Erkrankungen dieser Organregion. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei wegen der Notwendigkeit zur raschen Therapie der Gallenblasenhydrops.

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Radiologische Diagnostik der Gallenblase und der Gallenwege – Teil 1

Zusammenfassung

Leitsymptome zur Gallenwegdiagnostik sind der Oberbauchschmerz, der Ikterus und die laborchemisch manifeste Cholestase. Durch die Entwicklung der kontrastverstärkten Verfahren hat die Sonographie an diagnostischer Treffsicherheit gewonnen, ebenso die Computertomographie durch isotrope Sekundärrekonstruktionen und die Magnetresonanztomographie durch die MR-Cholangiographie nativ und nach leberspezifischem Kontrastmittel sowie diffusionsgewichtete Sequenzen. Diese technischen Verbesserungen erlauben heute auch die Darstellung des nicht dilatierten Gallenwegsystems in diagnostischer Qualität. Normvarianten und Fehlbildungen der biliären Anatomie sind ebenso darstellbar wie der postoperative Situs und damit verbundene Komplikationen. Die Cholelithiasis ist die häufigste Erkrankung der Gallenblase und der Gallenwege. Zusammen mit ihren Komplikationen ist sie damit zugleich in der Mehrzahl der Fälle die Ursache entzündlicher Erkrankungen dieser Organregion. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei wegen der Notwendigkeit zur raschen Therapie der Gallenblasenhydrops.

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The ethanol extract of Involucrum castaneae ameliorated ovalbumin-induced asthma in guinea pigs

ConclusionThe paper explains the traditional efficacy and material basis of IC and lays a foundation for further development.Graphical abstract (Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology)

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The ethanol extract of Involucrum castaneae ameliorated ovalbumin-induced asthma in guinea pigs

ConclusionThe paper explains the traditional efficacy and material basis of IC and lays a foundation for further development.Graphical abstract (Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology)

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Direct infant UV light exposure is associated with eczema and immune development

Suboptimal vitamin D levels during critical periods of immune development have emerged as an explanation for higher rates of allergic diseases associated with industrialization and residing at higher latitudes. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Direct infant UV light exposure is associated with eczema and immune development

Suboptimal vitamin D levels during critical periods of immune development have emerged as an explanation for higher rates of allergic diseases associated with industrialization and residing at higher latitudes. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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University of Cincinnati researcher studies cancer-detecting mouthwash with help from ACS grant

Source: healthnews.uc.edu Author: staff Scott Langevin, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Health and a member of both the […]

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University of Cincinnati researcher studies cancer-detecting mouthwash with help from ACS grant

Source: healthnews.uc.edu Author: staff Scott Langevin, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Environmental Health and a member of both the […]

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Patients with HPV-positive oropharynx cancer should receive chemoradiation

Source: medicalxpress.com Author: provided by European Society for Medical Oncology Patients with human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive throat cancer should receive chemoradiotherapy […]

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Patients with HPV-positive oropharynx cancer should receive chemoradiation

Source: medicalxpress.com Author: provided by European Society for Medical Oncology Patients with human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive throat cancer should receive chemoradiotherapy […]

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Human Monocytic Suppressive Cells Promote Replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Alter Stability of in vitro Generated Granulomas

Neha Agrawal, Ioana Streata, Gang Pei, January Weiner, Leigh Kotze, Silke Bandermann, Laura Lozza, Gerhard Walzl, Nelita du Plessis, Mihai Ioana, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Anca Dorhoi (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Immune Protection of SIV Challenge by PD-1 Blockade During Vaccination in Rhesus Monkeys

Enxiang Pan, Fengling Feng, Pingchao Li, Qing Yang, Xiuchang Ma, Chunxiu Wu, Jin Zhao, Hongbin Yan, Rulei Chen, Ling Chen, Caijun Sun (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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The Combination Therapy of Dietary Galacto-Oligosaccharides With Budesonide Reduces Pulmonary Th2 Driving Mediators and Mast Cell Degranulation in a Murine Model of House Dust Mite Induced Asthma

Kim A. T. Verheijden, Saskia Braber, Thea Leusink-Muis, Prescilla V. Jeurink, Suzan Thijssen, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Johan Garssen, Gert Folkerts, Linette E. M. Willemsen (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Pharmacological Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor-4 Signaling by TAK242 Prevents and Induces Regression of Experimental Organ Fibrosis

Swati Bhattacharyya, Wenxia Wang, Zenshiro Tamaki, Bo Shi, Anjana Yeldandi, Yasuhiro Tsukimi, Masashi Yamasaki, John Varga (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Cholesterol Homeostatic Regulator SCAP-SREBP2 Integrates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Cholesterol Biosynthetic Signaling in Macrophages

The metabolic-inflammatory crosstalk plays a key role in host defense against pathogens and inflammation. Guo and colleagues demonstrate that SCAP-SREBP2 complex integrates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cholesterol biosynthetic signaling during inflammation. (Source: Immunity)

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T Cell-Intrinsic Receptor Interacting Protein 2 Regulates Pathogenic T Helper 17 Cell Differentiation

RIP2 is the key adaptor molecule for NOD1- and NOD2-mediated intracellular signaling to sense pathogens and cell activation in myeloid cells. Shimada, Porritt, and colleagues demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for RIP2 in Th17 cell regulation and differentiation in a T  cell-intrinsic manner. (Source: Immunity)

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Direct infant UV light exposure is associated with eczema and immune development

Suboptimal vitamin D levels during critical periods of immune development have emerged as an explanation for higher rates of allergic diseases associated with industrialization and residing at higher latitudes. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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ILC ‐poiesis: Ensuring tissue ILC differentiation at the right place and time

European Journal of Immunology,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: European Journal of Immunology)

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miR ‐31 regulates energy metabolism and is suppressed in T cells from patients with Sjögren's syndrome

European Journal of Immunology, EarlyView. (Source: European Journal of Immunology)

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Recruitment of Activated Neutrophils Correlates with Disease Severity in Adult Crohn's Disease.

In conclusion, the frequency and activation of colonic neutrophils correlated with SES-CD, highlighting that mucosal neutrophils are associated with disease severity in CD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 30347439 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

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Human Monocytic Suppressive Cells Promote Replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Alter Stability of in vitro Generated Granulomas

Neha Agrawal, Ioana Streata, Gang Pei, January Weiner, Leigh Kotze, Silke Bandermann, Laura Lozza, Gerhard Walzl, Nelita du Plessis, Mihai Ioana, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Anca Dorhoi (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Immune Protection of SIV Challenge by PD-1 Blockade During Vaccination in Rhesus Monkeys

Enxiang Pan, Fengling Feng, Pingchao Li, Qing Yang, Xiuchang Ma, Chunxiu Wu, Jin Zhao, Hongbin Yan, Rulei Chen, Ling Chen, Caijun Sun (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Effect of Tyrosin Kinase Inhibitors on NK Cell and ILC3 Development and Function

Laura Damele, Elisa Montaldo, Lorenzo Moretta, Chiara Vitale, Maria Cristina Mingari (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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The Combination Therapy of Dietary Galacto-Oligosaccharides With Budesonide Reduces Pulmonary Th2 Driving Mediators and Mast Cell Degranulation in a Murine Model of House Dust Mite Induced Asthma

Kim A. T. Verheijden, Saskia Braber, Thea Leusink-Muis, Prescilla V. Jeurink, Suzan Thijssen, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Johan Garssen, Gert Folkerts, Linette E. M. Willemsen (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Pharmacological Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor-4 Signaling by TAK242 Prevents and Induces Regression of Experimental Organ Fibrosis

Swati Bhattacharyya, Wenxia Wang, Zenshiro Tamaki, Bo Shi, Anjana Yeldandi, Yasuhiro Tsukimi, Masashi Yamasaki, John Varga (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Cholesterol Homeostatic Regulator SCAP-SREBP2 Integrates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Cholesterol Biosynthetic Signaling in Macrophages

The metabolic-inflammatory crosstalk plays a key role in host defense against pathogens and inflammation. Guo and colleagues demonstrate that SCAP-SREBP2 complex integrates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cholesterol biosynthetic signaling during inflammation. (Source: Immunity)

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T Cell-Intrinsic Receptor Interacting Protein 2 Regulates Pathogenic T Helper 17 Cell Differentiation

RIP2 is the key adaptor molecule for NOD1- and NOD2-mediated intracellular signaling to sense pathogens and cell activation in myeloid cells. Shimada, Porritt, and colleagues demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for RIP2 in Th17 cell regulation and differentiation in a T  cell-intrinsic manner. (Source: Immunity)

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Direct infant UV light exposure is associated with eczema and immune development

Suboptimal vitamin D levels during critical periods of immune development have emerged as an explanation for higher rates of allergic diseases associated with industrialization and residing at higher latitudes. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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ILC ‐poiesis: Ensuring tissue ILC differentiation at the right place and time

European Journal of Immunology,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: European Journal of Immunology)

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

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miR ‐31 regulates energy metabolism and is suppressed in T cells from patients with Sjögren's syndrome

European Journal of Immunology, EarlyView. (Source: European Journal of Immunology)

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Recruitment of Activated Neutrophils Correlates with Disease Severity in Adult Crohn's Disease.

In conclusion, the frequency and activation of colonic neutrophils correlated with SES-CD, highlighting that mucosal neutrophils are associated with disease severity in CD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 30347439 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Developmental Immunology)

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Medical News Today: What are the effects of black mold exposure?

Black mold is a type of fungus that tends to thrive in damp areas. Long-term exposure to black mold may cause symptoms, particularly in people with asthma, respiratory allergies, or a weakened immune system. Learn more here. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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TCM trigger points to help relieve seasonal allergies

(Natural News) Suffering from allergies can be awful, but what if there's a solution that doesn't involve depending on antihistamines? Acupressure points may help relieve and prevent spring allergy symptoms. This ancient technique is based on the principles and trigger points of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Acupressure is an ancient healing method that uses the... (Source: NaturalNews.com)

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Medical News Today: What are the effects of black mold exposure?

Black mold is a type of fungus that tends to thrive in damp areas. Long-term exposure to black mold may cause symptoms, particularly in people with asthma, respiratory allergies, or a weakened immune system. Learn more here. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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TCM trigger points to help relieve seasonal allergies

(Natural News) Suffering from allergies can be awful, but what if there's a solution that doesn't involve depending on antihistamines? Acupressure points may help relieve and prevent spring allergy symptoms. This ancient technique is based on the principles and trigger points of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Acupressure is an ancient healing method that uses the... (Source: NaturalNews.com)

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Factors related with quality on sleep of daytime workers

This study was conducted to identify the sleep status of daytime workers who do not work in shifts. This study analyzed factors affecting sleep duration and sleep quality.

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Factors related with quality on sleep of daytime workers

This study was conducted to identify the sleep status of daytime workers who do not work in shifts. This study analyzed factors affecting sleep duration and sleep quality.

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Medical News Today: What are the effects of black mold exposure?

Black mold is a type of fungus that tends to thrive in damp areas. Long-term exposure to black mold may cause symptoms, particularly in people with asthma, respiratory allergies, or a weakened immune system. Learn more here. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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TCM trigger points to help relieve seasonal allergies

(Natural News) Suffering from allergies can be awful, but what if there's a solution that doesn't involve depending on antihistamines? Acupressure points may help relieve and prevent spring allergy symptoms. This ancient technique is based on the principles and trigger points of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Acupressure is an ancient healing method that uses the... (Source: NaturalNews.com)

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Medical News Today: What are the effects of black mold exposure?

Black mold is a type of fungus that tends to thrive in damp areas. Long-term exposure to black mold may cause symptoms, particularly in people with asthma, respiratory allergies, or a weakened immune system. Learn more here. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

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TCM trigger points to help relieve seasonal allergies

(Natural News) Suffering from allergies can be awful, but what if there's a solution that doesn't involve depending on antihistamines? Acupressure points may help relieve and prevent spring allergy symptoms. This ancient technique is based on the principles and trigger points of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Acupressure is an ancient healing method that uses the... (Source: NaturalNews.com)

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Direct infant UV light exposure is associated with eczema and immune development

Suboptimal vitamin D levels during critical periods of immune development have emerged as an explanation for higher rates of allergic diseases associated with industrialization and residing at higher latitudes.

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Direct infant UV light exposure is associated with eczema and immune development

Suboptimal vitamin D levels during critical periods of immune development have emerged as an explanation for higher rates of allergic diseases associated with industrialization and residing at higher latitudes.

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A novel hydroxyapatite-binding antimicrobial peptide against oral biofilms

Abstract

Objectives

Novel synthetic antimicrobial peptides which consist of a new immunomodulatory peptide 1018 and two different modifications with hydroxyapatite-binding affinity were developed. We compared the effect(s) of these peptides against oral plaque biofilms and measured their effectiveness in killing biofilm microbes and in reducing biofilm volume.

Materials and methods

The high affinity hydroxyapatite (HA)-binding peptide 1018 (SHABP), the mild affinity HA-binding peptide 1018 (MHABP), and peptide 1018 without additional amino acid sequence (peptide 1018) were synthesized. Oral multispecies biofilms were grown anaerobically for 3 days. The biofilms were exposed to three peptides at two different concentrations (0.65 and 3.25 μmol/L) for 24, 48, and 72 h. The biofilms were also treated for 3 or 9 min with the peptides (3.25 μmol/L). The percentage of killed biofilm bacteria and biofilm volume were determined by using LIVE/DEAD viability staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Results

SHABP was superior to MHABP and peptide 1018 in its killing efficacy of the pre-formed biofilms, especially at concentration of 3.25 μmol/L (p < 0.05). SHABP performed also better than MHABP and peptide 1018 in reducing the overall biofilm volume at both concentrations (p < 0.05). During the 3 days of long-term exposure, MHABP and peptide 1080 killed more bacteria in the top half of the biofilms, compared to bottom half. SHABP killed more bacteria in the bottom half (39%) of the biofilms than in the top half (29%) at day 1 (p < 0.05), whereas more bacteria were killed in the upper layers on days 2 and 3. SHABP killed a much higher percentage of plaque biofilm bacteria when used on 3-day-old biofilms for one or three times for 3 min than MHABP or peptide 1018 at high concentration (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The modified peptide 1018 with high HA-binding affinity had higher antimicrobial activity against biofilm microbes and reduced biofilm volume more than the other peptides tested.

Clinical relevance

Modified peptide 1018 with high hydroxyapatite-binding affinity is a promising agent for use in oral antibiofilm strategies in the future.

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A novel hydroxyapatite-binding antimicrobial peptide against oral biofilms

Abstract

Objectives

Novel synthetic antimicrobial peptides which consist of a new immunomodulatory peptide 1018 and two different modifications with hydroxyapatite-binding affinity were developed. We compared the effect(s) of these peptides against oral plaque biofilms and measured their effectiveness in killing biofilm microbes and in reducing biofilm volume.

Materials and methods

The high affinity hydroxyapatite (HA)-binding peptide 1018 (SHABP), the mild affinity HA-binding peptide 1018 (MHABP), and peptide 1018 without additional amino acid sequence (peptide 1018) were synthesized. Oral multispecies biofilms were grown anaerobically for 3 days. The biofilms were exposed to three peptides at two different concentrations (0.65 and 3.25 μmol/L) for 24, 48, and 72 h. The biofilms were also treated for 3 or 9 min with the peptides (3.25 μmol/L). The percentage of killed biofilm bacteria and biofilm volume were determined by using LIVE/DEAD viability staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Results

SHABP was superior to MHABP and peptide 1018 in its killing efficacy of the pre-formed biofilms, especially at concentration of 3.25 μmol/L (p < 0.05). SHABP performed also better than MHABP and peptide 1018 in reducing the overall biofilm volume at both concentrations (p < 0.05). During the 3 days of long-term exposure, MHABP and peptide 1080 killed more bacteria in the top half of the biofilms, compared to bottom half. SHABP killed more bacteria in the bottom half (39%) of the biofilms than in the top half (29%) at day 1 (p < 0.05), whereas more bacteria were killed in the upper layers on days 2 and 3. SHABP killed a much higher percentage of plaque biofilm bacteria when used on 3-day-old biofilms for one or three times for 3 min than MHABP or peptide 1018 at high concentration (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The modified peptide 1018 with high HA-binding affinity had higher antimicrobial activity against biofilm microbes and reduced biofilm volume more than the other peptides tested.

Clinical relevance

Modified peptide 1018 with high hydroxyapatite-binding affinity is a promising agent for use in oral antibiofilm strategies in the future.

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Online Machine Learning Audiometry

Objectives: A confluence of recent developments in cloud computing, real-time web audio and machine learning psychometric function estimation has made wide dissemination of sophisticated turn-key audiometric assessments possible. The authors have combined these capabilities into an online (i.e., web-based) pure-tone audiogram estimator intended to empower researchers and clinicians with advanced hearing tests without the need for custom programming or special hardware. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of this new online machine learning audiogram method relative to a commonly used hearing threshold estimation technique also implemented online for the first time in the same platform. Design: The authors performed air conduction pure-tone audiometry on 21 participants between the ages of 19 and 79 years (mean 41, SD 21) exhibiting a wide range of hearing abilities. For each ear, two repetitions of online machine learning audiogram estimation and two repetitions of online modified Hughson-Westlake ascending-descending audiogram estimation were acquired by an audiologist using the online software tools. The estimated hearing thresholds of these two techniques were compared at standard audiogram frequencies (i.e., 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 kHz). Results: The two threshold estimation methods delivered very similar threshold estimates at standard audiogram frequencies. Specifically, the mean absolute difference between threshold estimates was 3.24 ± 5.15 dB. The mean absolute differences between repeated measurements of the online machine learning procedure and between repeated measurements of the Hughson-Westlake procedure were 2.85 ± 6.57 dB and 1.88 ± 3.56 dB, respectively. The machine learning method generated estimates of both threshold and spread (i.e., the inverse of psychometric slope) continuously across the entire frequency range tested from fewer samples on average than the modified Hughson-Westlake procedure required to estimate six discrete thresholds. Conclusions: Online machine learning audiogram estimation in its current form provides all the information of conventional threshold audiometry with similar accuracy and reliability in less time. More importantly, however, this method provides additional audiogram details not provided by other methods. This standardized platform can be readily extended to bone conduction, masking, spectrotemporal modulation, speech perception, etc., unifying audiometric testing into a single comprehensive procedure efficient enough to become part of the standard audiologic workup. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Funding for this project was provided by NIH grants UL1 TR002345, T35 DC008765, T32 NS073547, NSF grant DGE-1745038, and the Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology (CIMIT). LLC. D. L. B. wrote the article; R. T. H. designed and conducted the experiments; N. M. helped design and conduct the experiments; X. D. S., K. A. S., J. C. D., and B. R. D. S. developed and implemented the algorithm; J. Y. C., E. A. D., J. M. B., K. L. H., and D. L. B. analyzed the data. All authors discussed the results and implications and commented on article revisions. D. L. B. has a patent pending on technology described in this article and has equity ownership in Bonauria, LLC. The authors have no other disclosures. Received December 18, 2017; accepted August 22, 2018. Address for correspondence: Dennis Barbour, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Dr., Campus Box 1097, Uncas Whitaker Hall Room 200E, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. E-mail: dbarbour@wustl.edu Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Benefits of Cochlear Implantation for Single-Sided Deafness: Data From the House Clinic-University of Southern California-University of California, Los Angeles Clinical Trial

Objectives: Cochlear implants (CIs) have been shown to benefit patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) in terms of tinnitus reduction, localization, speech understanding, and quality of life (QoL). While previous studies have shown cochlear implantation may benefit SSD patients, it is unclear which point of comparison is most relevant: baseline performance before implantation versus performance with normal-hearing (NH) ear after implantation. In this study, CI outcomes were assessed in SSD patients before and up to 6 mo postactivation. Benefits of cochlear implantation were assessed relative to binaural performance before implantation or relative to performance with the NH ear alone after implantation. Design: Here, we report data for 10 patients who completed a longitudinal, prospective, Food and Drug Administration–approved study of cochlear implantation for SSD patients. All subjects had severe to profound unilateral hearing loss in one ear and normal hearing in the other ear. All patients were implanted with the MED-EL CONCERTO Flex 28 device. Speech understanding in quiet and in noise, localization, and tinnitus severity (with the CI on or off) were measured before implantation (baseline) and at 1, 3, 6 mo postactivation of the CI processor. Performance was measured with both ears (binaural), the CI ear alone, and the NH ear alone (the CI ear was plugged and muffed). Tinnitus severity, dizziness severity, and QoL were measured using questionnaires administered before implantation and 6 mo postactivation. Results: Significant CI benefits were observed for tinnitus severity, localization, speech understanding, and QoL. The degree and time course of CI benefit depended on the outcome measure and the reference point. Relative to binaural baseline performance, significant and immediate (1 mo postactivation) CI benefits were observed for tinnitus severity and speech performance in noise, but localization did not significantly improve until 6 mo postactivation; questionnaire data showed significant improvement in QoL 6 mo postactivation. Relative to NH-only performance after implantation, significant and immediate benefits were observed for tinnitus severity and localization; binaural speech understanding in noise did not significantly improve during the 6-mo study period, due to variability in NH-only performance. There were no correlations between behavioral and questionnaire data, except between tinnitus visual analog scale scores at 6 mo postactivation and Tinnitus Functional Index scores at 6 mo postactivation. Conclusions: The present behavioral and subjective data suggest that SSD patients greatly benefit from cochlear implantation. However, to fully understand the degree and time course of CI benefit, the outcome measure and point of comparison should be considered. From a clinical perspective, binaural baseline performance is a relevant point of comparison. The lack of correlation between behavioral and questionnaire data suggest that represent independent measures of CI benefit for SSD patients. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The authors thank all the SSD patients who participated in this study. The authors thank Justin Aronoff and David Landsberger for their help with the initial design of this study, and Suzanne Gutierrez for coordination support during the study. The authors also thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. MED-EL provided the cochlear implants and speech processors for the study, as well as support for research and publication costs. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Received April 26, 2018; accepted September 5, 2018. Address for correspondence: John Galvin, House Ear Institute, 2100 West Third Street, Suite 100, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90057. E-mail: jgalvin@hei.org Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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