Pyroptosis is a lytic form of cell death that is induced by inflammatory caspases upon activation of the canonical or noncanonical inflammasome pathways. These caspases cleave gasdermin D (GSDMD) to generate an N-terminal GSDMD fragment, which executes pyroptosis by forming membrane pores. We found that calcium influx through GSDMD pores serves as a signal for cells to initiate membrane repair by recruiting the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery to damaged membrane areas, such as the plasma membrane. Inhibition of the ESCRT-III machinery strongly enhances pyroptosis and interleukin-1β release in both human and murine cells after canonical or noncanonical inflammasome activation. These results not only attribute an anti-inflammatory role to membrane re...
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Πέμπτη 22 Νοεμβρίου 2018
ESCRT-dependent membrane repair negatively regulates pyroptosis downstream of GSDMD activation
Structural basis of latent TGF-{beta}1 presentation and activation by GARP on human regulatory T cells
Transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) is one of very few cytokines produced in a latent form, requiring activation to exert any of its vastly diverse effects on development, immunity, and cancer. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress immune cells within close proximity by activating latent TGF-β1 presented by GARP (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant) to integrin αVβ8 on their surface. We solved the crystal structure of GARP:latent TGF-β1 bound to an antibody that stabilizes the complex and blocks release of active TGF-β1. This finding reveals how GARP exploits an unusual medley of interactions, including fold complementation by the amino terminus of TGF-β1, to chaperone and orient the cytokine for binding and activation by αVβ8. ...
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Fine-tuning pyroptosis with ESCRT-III
(Source: ScienceNOW)
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Visualizing TGF-{beta}1 regulation by GARP
(Source: ScienceNOW)
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Self-esteem following maxillofacial and orthopedic injuries: preliminary observations in sub-Saharan Africans
Abstract
Background
The face is a vital component of one's personality and body image while extremities are important in function (mobility, routine daily activities). Recovery and rehabilitation from acquired maxillofacial and orthopedic traumas are psychological in nature.
Methods
This was a prospective study of recruited subjects in a Nigerian University teaching hospital. A total of 160 participants (80 with maxillofacial injuries and 80 with orthopedic injuries) had repeated review assessments within 1 week of arrival in the hospital (time 1), 4–8 weeks after initial contact (time 2), and 10–12 weeks thereafter (time 3), using Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Questionnaire.
Results
Thirty-three (41.3%) participants in the maxillofacial injured and 12 (15.0%) in the orthopedic injured subjects scored between 0 and 14 at time 1. At time 2, 39 (51.3%) subjects in the maxillofacial fracture group and 20 (29.0%) in the orthopedic injured group scored between 0 and 14, while at time 3, 7 (9.2%) in the maxillofacial fracture group and 1 (1.5%) in the orthopedic injured group scored between 0 and 14. There was a statistical significant difference between the two groups when compared at times 1, 2, and 3 with p < 0.001, p = 0.006, and p = 0.041 respectively. Subjects with maxillofacial fracture consistently had lower self-esteem compared to subjects with orthopedic injured for times 1, 2, and 3.
Conclusions
Self-esteem may be reduced following maxillofacial injuries; therefore, measures should be taken by surgeons to minimize the risk of facial scarring by careful handling of tissues. Also, management of these injuries should integrate multidisciplinary care that will address psychological needs of patients.
Trial registration
Not applicable.
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Structural basis of latent TGF-{beta}1 presentation and activation by GARP on human regulatory T cells
Transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) is one of very few cytokines produced in a latent form, requiring activation to exert any of its vastly diverse effects on development, immunity, and cancer. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress immune cells within close proximity by activating latent TGF-β1 presented by GARP (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant) to integrin αVβ8 on their surface. We solved the crystal structure of GARP:latent TGF-β1 bound to an antibody that stabilizes the complex and blocks release of active TGF-β1. This finding reveals how GARP exploits an unusual medley of interactions, including fold complementation by the amino terminus of TGF-β1, to chaperone and orient the cytokine for binding and activation by αVβ8. ...
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Fine-tuning pyroptosis with ESCRT-III
(Source: ScienceNOW)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R7knuB
Visualizing TGF-{beta}1 regulation by GARP
(Source: ScienceNOW)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2POfJVO
Structural basis of latent TGF-{beta}1 presentation and activation by GARP on human regulatory T cells
Transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) is one of very few cytokines produced in a latent form, requiring activation to exert any of its vastly diverse effects on development, immunity, and cancer. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress immune cells within close proximity by activating latent TGF-β1 presented by GARP (glycoprotein A repetitions predominant) to integrin αVβ8 on their surface. We solved the crystal structure of GARP:latent TGF-β1 bound to an antibody that stabilizes the complex and blocks release of active TGF-β1. This finding reveals how GARP exploits an unusual medley of interactions, including fold complementation by the amino terminus of TGF-β1, to chaperone and orient the cytokine for binding and activation by αVβ8. ...
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ESCRT-dependent membrane repair negatively regulates pyroptosis downstream of GSDMD activation
Pyroptosis is a lytic form of cell death that is induced by inflammatory caspases upon activation of the canonical or noncanonical inflammasome pathways. These caspases cleave gasdermin D (GSDMD) to generate an N-terminal GSDMD fragment, which executes pyroptosis by forming membrane pores. We found that calcium influx through GSDMD pores serves as a signal for cells to initiate membrane repair by recruiting the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery to damaged membrane areas, such as the plasma membrane. Inhibition of the ESCRT-III machinery strongly enhances pyroptosis and interleukin-1β release in both human and murine cells after canonical or noncanonical inflammasome activation. These results not only attribute an anti-inflammatory role to membrane re...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2RcXUMQ
Fine-tuning pyroptosis with ESCRT-III
(Source: ScienceNOW)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R7knuB
Visualizing TGF-{beta}1 regulation by GARP
(Source: ScienceNOW)
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Cochlear Implantation After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery With eABR and Correlation to Postoperative Hearing Results - a Pilot Study
Conditions: Vestibular Schwannoma; Hearing Loss Intervention: Other: eABR Sponsor: Christoph Arnoldner Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Simultaneous Translabyrinthine Surgery of Vestibular Schwannoma and Cochlear Implantation With Intraoperative eBERA and Correlation to Hearing Results
Conditions: Vestibular Schwannoma; Hearing Loss Intervention: Sponsor: Christoph Arnoldner Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Audiological Benefit and Quality of Life With Two Bone Conduction Systems: ADHEAR vs. Contact Mini
Condition: Conductive Hearing Loss Interventions: Device: Adhear; Device: Contact Mini (CM) Sponsor: Dominik Riss Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Cochlear Implantation After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery With eABR and Correlation to Postoperative Hearing Results - a Pilot Study
Conditions: Vestibular Schwannoma; Hearing Loss Intervention: Other: eABR Sponsor: Christoph Arnoldner Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Simultaneous Translabyrinthine Surgery of Vestibular Schwannoma and Cochlear Implantation With Intraoperative eBERA and Correlation to Hearing Results
Conditions: Vestibular Schwannoma; Hearing Loss Intervention: Sponsor: Christoph Arnoldner Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Audiological Benefit and Quality of Life With Two Bone Conduction Systems: ADHEAR vs. Contact Mini
Condition: Conductive Hearing Loss Interventions: Device: Adhear; Device: Contact Mini (CM) Sponsor: Dominik Riss Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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N.I.S of AIT in Adult Patients With House Dust Mite Allergy in Real Practice in France
Conditions: Allergic Rhinitis Due to House Dust Mite; Allergic Asthma Due to Dermatophagoides Farinae; Allergic Asthma Due to Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus Intervention: Drug: Tablet, Dispersible Sponsors: ALK-Abelló A/S; ITEC Services Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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BPF Genetics of ILD Study
Conditions: Lung; Disease, Interstitial, With Fibrosis; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Bird Fancier's Lung; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Intervention: Diagnostic Test: Genetic profiling Sponsors: NHS Forth Valley; University of Leicester; University of Glasgow; Newcastle University; British Lung Foundation; British Pigeon Fanciers Medical Research Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Seal, Stopping Atopic Dermatitis and Allergy Study
Conditions: Eczema, Infantile; Eczema; Atopic Dermatitis Eczema; Atopic Dermatitis Interventions: Combination Product: Tri-lipid skin barrier cream (Epiceram); Combination Product: Fluticasone propionate Cream 0.05% Sponsors: Stanford University; King's College London; National Jewish Health Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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N.I.S of AIT in Adult Patients With House Dust Mite Allergy in Real Practice in France
Conditions: Allergic Rhinitis Due to House Dust Mite; Allergic Asthma Due to Dermatophagoides Farinae; Allergic Asthma Due to Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus Intervention: Drug: Tablet, Dispersible Sponsors: ALK-Abelló A/S; ITEC Services Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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BPF Genetics of ILD Study
Conditions: Lung; Disease, Interstitial, With Fibrosis; Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; Bird Fancier's Lung; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Intervention: Diagnostic Test: Genetic profiling Sponsors: NHS Forth Valley; University of Leicester; University of Glasgow; Newcastle University; British Lung Foundation; British Pigeon Fanciers Medical Research Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Pay-it-forward RCT for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing
Conditions: Gonorrhea Male; Chlamydia;M Interventions: Other: Pay-it-forward testing; Other: Pay as you want Sponsors: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institute on Aging (NIA) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Seal, Stopping Atopic Dermatitis and Allergy Study
Conditions: Eczema, Infantile; Eczema; Atopic Dermatitis Eczema; Atopic Dermatitis Interventions: Combination Product: Tri-lipid skin barrier cream (Epiceram); Combination Product: Fluticasone propionate Cream 0.05% Sponsors: Stanford University; King's College London; National Jewish Health Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Knowledge about cochlear implantation: A parental perspective
. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)
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The relationships among verbal ability, executive function, and theory of mind in young children with cochlear implants
. (Source: International Journal of Audiology)
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Objective, audiological and quality of life measures with the CI532 slim modiolar electrode
. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)
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Use of MRI to determine cochlear duct length in patients undergoing cochlear implantation
. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)
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Knowledge about cochlear implantation: A parental perspective
. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)
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The relationships among verbal ability, executive function, and theory of mind in young children with cochlear implants
. (Source: International Journal of Audiology)
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Objective, audiological and quality of life measures with the CI532 slim modiolar electrode
. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)
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Use of MRI to determine cochlear duct length in patients undergoing cochlear implantation
. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)
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Providing Primary Care to Children Diagnosed with Myosin Heavy Chain 9-Related Platelet Disorder: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Discussion:The complexity of an inherited hematologic disorder involves multidisciplinary, longitudinal and lifelong care for optimal health care delivery and improved clinical outcomes. When approaching a pediatric patient diagnosed with a rare platelet disorder, the role of a hematologist becomes essential to be the primary care provider and to coordinate specialist visits for the patient without delays. Efficient care coordination with a focus on the patient's needs can avoid unnecessary duplication of tests and services.2 Children affected by rare genetic disorders, such as MYH-9 disorders, have complex unmet health needs and frequently experience unique barriers to care. Longitudinal surveillance is necessary to assess the progress of the MYH9 disease, and supportive care should be pr...
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Providing Primary Care to Children Diagnosed with Myosin Heavy Chain 9-Related Platelet Disorder: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Discussion:The complexity of an inherited hematologic disorder involves multidisciplinary, longitudinal and lifelong care for optimal health care delivery and improved clinical outcomes. When approaching a pediatric patient diagnosed with a rare platelet disorder, the role of a hematologist becomes essential to be the primary care provider and to coordinate specialist visits for the patient without delays. Efficient care coordination with a focus on the patient's needs can avoid unnecessary duplication of tests and services.2 Children affected by rare genetic disorders, such as MYH-9 disorders, have complex unmet health needs and frequently experience unique barriers to care. Longitudinal surveillance is necessary to assess the progress of the MYH9 disease, and supportive care should be pr...
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MNP triggers nasal allergy by modulating dendritic cell properties
Exposure to MNP generates Th2 response-inducing dendritic cells. Transfer of OVA/MNP-primed dendritic cells induces nasal allergy. Inhibition of Bcl2L12 prevents nasal allergy development (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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MNP triggers nasal allergy by modulating dendritic cell properties
Exposure to MNP generates Th2 response-inducing dendritic cells. Transfer of OVA/MNP-primed dendritic cells induces nasal allergy. Inhibition of Bcl2L12 prevents nasal allergy development (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor positivity in temporomandibular disorders
To investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and long-term treatment outcomes according to antinuclear antibody(ANA) and rheumatoid factor(RF) positivity and the correlation between pain-related ...
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Antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor positivity in temporomandibular disorders
To investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and long-term treatment outcomes according to antinuclear antibody(ANA) and rheumatoid factor(RF) positivity and the correlation between pain-related ...
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Differences in the Calculated Transvenous Pressure Drop between Chronic Hydrocephalus and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension [ADULT BRAIN]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Chronic hydrocephalus is associated with dilated ventricles despite a normal intracranial pressure. In idiopathic intracranial hypertension, the ventricles are normal despite an elevated intracranial pressure. This apparent paradox has largely remained unexplained. It is suggested that a pressure difference between the superficial and deep venous territories of the brain could account for the variation between the 2 diseases. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cause of this pressure difference.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Using MR phase-contrast imaging, we calculated the hydraulic diameters of the sagittal and straight sinuses in 21 patients with hydrocephalus, 20 patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and 20 age-matched controls. The outflow resistance of each sinus was estimated using the Poiseuille equation. The outflow pressure was estimated using the flow data. A smaller subset of the patients with hydrocephalus had these studies repeated after successful shunt insertion.
RESULTS:In hydrocephalus, the sagittal sinuses were 21% smaller than those in controls (P < .001); the straight sinuses were not significantly different. In idiopathic intracranial hypertension, both sinuses were not significantly different from those of controls. The pressure drop from the sagittal sinus to the end of the straight sinus was elevated by 1.2 mm Hg in hydrocephalus (P = .001) but not significantly different from that in controls in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Shunt insertion dilated the sagittal sinuses in hydrocephalus, leaving them 18% larger than normal and eliminating the transvenous pressure change.
CONCLUSIONS:There is a transvenous pressure difference in hydrocephalus that is absent in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. This difference is eliminated by shunt insertion. The findings may have a bearing on ventricular dilation.
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Retrospective Review of Otic Capsule Contour and Thickness in Patients with Otosclerosis and Individuals with Normal Hearing on CT [HEAD & NECK]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Otosclerosis is commonly identified on CT as a focus of hypodensity in the otic capsule anterior to the oval window. However, otosclerosis can have a sclerotic phase approximating the density of normal bone, making diagnosis challenging. This study assesses differences in otic capsule contour and thickness anterolateral to the anterior margin of the oval window in patients with otosclerosis compared with individuals with normal hearing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Axial CT of 104 ears with clinically diagnosed otosclerosis and 108 consecutive ears of audiometrically normal individuals were retrospectively reviewed. Two radiologists independently evaluated the pattern of otosclerosis, otic capsule contour, and bone thickness on standardized axial images at the level of the oval window and cochleariform process. Measurements were made from the posterolateral margin of the cochlea to the apex of the otic capsule convex contour just anterolateral to the anterior margin of the oval window. In the absence of a convex contour, the sulcus between the oval window and the cochleariform process was identified, and measurement to the depth of the sulcus was used. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the best cutoff value of otic capsule thickness.
RESULTS:Mean otic capsule thickness (2 SDs) was 3.08 (0.93) mm and 1.82 (0.31) mm in patients with otosclerosis and individuals with normal hearing, respectively (P < .001), with excellent interobserver agreement. Otic capsule thickness of >2.3 mm had 96.2% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 96.4% negative predictive value for otosclerosis. A bulging/convex contour of the otic capsule had 68.3% sensitivity, 98.1% specificity, 97.3% positive predictive value, and 76.3% negative predictive value.
CONCLUSIONS:Patients with otosclerosis have significantly thicker bone abutting the oval window than individuals with normal hearing.
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Cesarean Delivery Impacts Infant Brain Development [PEDIATRICS]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
The cesarean delivery rate has increased globally in the past few decades. Neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with cesarean delivery are still unclear. This study investigated whether cesarean delivery has any effect on the brain development of offspring.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 306 healthy children were studied retrospectively. We included 3 cohorts: 2-week-old neonates (cohort 1, n = 32/11 for vaginal delivery/cesarean delivery) and 8-year-old children (cohort 2, n = 37/23 for vaginal delivery/cesarean delivery) studied at Arkansas Children's Hospital, and a longitudinal cohort of 3-month to 5-year-old children (cohort 3, n = 164/39 for vaginal delivery/cesarean delivery) studied independently at Brown University. Diffusion tensor imaging, myelin water fraction imaging, voxel-based morphometry, and/or resting-state fMRI data were analyzed to evaluate white matter integrity, myelination, gray matter volume, and/or functional connectivity, respectively.
RESULTS:While not all MR imaging techniques were shared across the institutions/cohorts, post hoc analyses showed similar results of potential effects of cesarean delivery. The cesarean delivery group in cohort 1 showed significantly lower white matter development in widespread brain regions and significantly lower functional connectivity in the brain default mode network, controlled for a number of potential confounders. No group differences were found in cohort 2 in white matter integrity or gray matter volume. Cohort 3 had significantly different trajectories of white matter myelination between groups, with those born by cesarean delivery having reduced myelin in infancy but normalizing with age.
CONCLUSIONS:Cesarean delivery may influence infant brain development. The impact may be transient because similar effects were not observed in older children. Further prospective and longitudinal studies may be needed to confirm these novel findings.
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Women Rising to the Top: The Tipping Point for the ASNR [EDITORIALS]
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Brain Atrophy Is Associated with Disability Progression in Patients with MS followed in a Clinical Routine [ADULT BRAIN]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
The assessment of brain atrophy in a clinical routine is not performed routinely in multiple sclerosis. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of brain atrophy measurement and its association with disability progression in patients with MS followed in a clinical routine for 5 years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 1815 subjects, 1514 with MS and 137 with clinically isolated syndrome and 164 healthy individuals, were collected retrospectively. Of 11,794 MR imaging brain scans included in the analysis, 8423 MRIs were performed on a 3T, and 3371 MRIs, on a 1.5T scanner. All patients underwent 3D T1WI and T2-FLAIR examinations at all time points of the study. Whole-brain volume changes were measured by percentage brain volume change/normalized brain volume change using SIENA/SIENAX on 3D T1WI and percentage lateral ventricle volume change using NeuroSTREAM on T2-FLAIR.
RESULTS:Percentage brain volume change failed in 36.7% of the subjects; percentage normalized brain volume change, in 19.2%; and percentage lateral ventricle volume change, in 3.3% because of protocol changes, poor scan quality, artifacts, and anatomic variations. Annualized brain volume changes were significantly different between those with MS and healthy individuals for percentage brain volume change (P < .001), percentage normalized brain volume change (P = .002), and percentage lateral ventricle volume change (P = .01). In patients with MS, mixed-effects model analysis showed that disability progression was associated with a 21.9% annualized decrease in percentage brain volume change (P < .001) and normalized brain volume (P = .002) and a 33% increase in lateral ventricle volume (P = .004).
CONCLUSIONS:All brain volume measures differentiated MS and healthy individuals and were associated with disability progression, but the lateral ventricle volume assessment was the most feasible.
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Does Phase-Contrast Imaging through the Cerebral Aqueduct Predict the Outcome of Lumbar CSF Drainage or Shunt Surgery in Patients with Suspected Adult Hydrocephalus? [ADULT BRAIN]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Radiologic imaging plays a key role in diagnosing chronic adult hydrocephalus, but its role in predicting prognosis is still controversial. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of cardiac-gated phase-contrast MR imaging through the cerebral aqueduct in predicting the clinical response to diagnostic lumbar puncture/lumbar drainage and shunt surgery in suspected adult hydrocephalus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this retrospective study, the phase-contrast MR imaging of 185 patients with suspected chronic adult hydrocephalus was evaluated using the CSF Flow software package. Decision-making for shunt placement was performed in this cohort on the basis of clinical assessment alone without the availability of quantitative phase-contrast MR imaging results. We recorded the response to lumbar puncture or lumbar drainage and shunt surgery using quantitative tests such as the Tinetti Test, the Timed Up and Go, and the Mini-Mental State Examination and qualitative measures of gait, urinary, and cognitive symptom improvement before and after lumbar puncture/lumbar drainage and shunt surgery. Quantitative analysis of phase-contrast MR imaging was compared with clinical outcome measures.
RESULTS:Both CSF stroke volume and flow rate overlapped between lumbar puncture/lumbar drainage responders and nonresponders. There was also a significant overlap between shunt responders and nonresponders. Aqueductal stroke volume or flow rate alone was a poor predictor of lumbar puncture/lumbar drainage and shunt surgery response. Quantitative clinical measures after lumbar puncture/lumbar drainage were better predictors of shunt response.
CONCLUSIONS:This study suggests that the results of phase-contrast MR imaging through the cerebral aqueduct alone should not be used to select patients for diagnostic or therapeutic CSF diversion.
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Long-Term Ultrasound Follow-Up of Incidentally Detected Thyroglossal Duct Cysts in Adults [HEAD & NECK]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
There has been no previous study that used ultrasonography for longitudinal changes of thyroglossal duct cysts, to our knowledge. We assessed the prevalence and interval changes in incidentally detected thyroglossal duct cysts in adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:From January 2010 to December 2016, we identified 796 ultrasonography radiologic reports from 513 subjects that contained the words "thyroglossal" or "TGDC" among 54,369 participants. Of 513 subjects, 172 (M/F = 103:69, mean age, 53 ± 11 years) who underwent ≥2 sonography studies were enrolled. Two reviewers determined ultrasonography features, including maximal diameter, location, internal echogenicity, wall thickness, and the presence of posterior enhancement, internal septa, and solid components.
RESULTS:The mean follow-up time of total 172 lesions was 2.01 ± 1.13 years. Thyroglossal duct cysts ranged from 2 to 32 mm (mean, 8.77 ± 3.83 mm) on the initial ultrasonography examination. On follow-up ultrasonography studies, 14 lesions (8.2%) increased by >2 mm, while most thyroglossal duct cysts (133 lesions, 77.3%) remained stable in size. During the follow-up period, 31 lesions (18.0%) showed interval changes in ultrasonography features. There was no significant relationship between the presence of ultrasonography feature changes and size changes (P = .12).
CONCLUSIONS:On ultrasonography, 0.9% of adults had incidental thyroglossal duct cysts. Most did not increase in size with time despite changes in various ultrasonography features. Therefore, we recommend performing an observation at long intervals of 2–3 years for asymptomatic thyroglossal duct cysts, and we suggest that fine-needle aspiration can be suspended unless suspicious findings of malignancy are detected.
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Marijuana and head and neck cancer: an epidemiological review
Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance in Canada. To date, no conclusive study has looked at the epidemiologic basis of marijuana use and head and neck cancer (HNC). Due to the imminent recreation...
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Differences in the Calculated Transvenous Pressure Drop between Chronic Hydrocephalus and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension [ADULT BRAIN]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Chronic hydrocephalus is associated with dilated ventricles despite a normal intracranial pressure. In idiopathic intracranial hypertension, the ventricles are normal despite an elevated intracranial pressure. This apparent paradox has largely remained unexplained. It is suggested that a pressure difference between the superficial and deep venous territories of the brain could account for the variation between the 2 diseases. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cause of this pressure difference.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Using MR phase-contrast imaging, we calculated the hydraulic diameters of the sagittal and straight sinuses in 21 patients with hydrocephalus, 20 patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and 20 age-matched controls. The outflow resistance of each sinus was estimated using the Poiseuille equation. The outflow pressure was estimated using the flow data. A smaller subset of the patients with hydrocephalus had these studies repeated after successful shunt insertion.
RESULTS:In hydrocephalus, the sagittal sinuses were 21% smaller than those in controls (P < .001); the straight sinuses were not significantly different. In idiopathic intracranial hypertension, both sinuses were not significantly different from those of controls. The pressure drop from the sagittal sinus to the end of the straight sinus was elevated by 1.2 mm Hg in hydrocephalus (P = .001) but not significantly different from that in controls in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Shunt insertion dilated the sagittal sinuses in hydrocephalus, leaving them 18% larger than normal and eliminating the transvenous pressure change.
CONCLUSIONS:There is a transvenous pressure difference in hydrocephalus that is absent in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. This difference is eliminated by shunt insertion. The findings may have a bearing on ventricular dilation.
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Neuropsychiatric Lupus with Antibody-Mediated Striatal Encephalitis [ADULT BRAIN]
SUMMARY:
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies resulting in tissue injury across multiple organs; up to 50% of patients develop neurologic involvement, collectively referred to as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. The cases in this clinical report will highlight a subtype of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrating imaging findings of striatal inflammation responsive to plasmapheresis similar to those in the subset of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis that involves the striatum. Although the cause for this striking imaging appearance is not definitely known, literature will be presented supporting the hypothesis that it is due to peripheral anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies entering the central nervous system to cross-react with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antigens.
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Retrospective Review of Otic Capsule Contour and Thickness in Patients with Otosclerosis and Individuals with Normal Hearing on CT [HEAD & NECK]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Otosclerosis is commonly identified on CT as a focus of hypodensity in the otic capsule anterior to the oval window. However, otosclerosis can have a sclerotic phase approximating the density of normal bone, making diagnosis challenging. This study assesses differences in otic capsule contour and thickness anterolateral to the anterior margin of the oval window in patients with otosclerosis compared with individuals with normal hearing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Axial CT of 104 ears with clinically diagnosed otosclerosis and 108 consecutive ears of audiometrically normal individuals were retrospectively reviewed. Two radiologists independently evaluated the pattern of otosclerosis, otic capsule contour, and bone thickness on standardized axial images at the level of the oval window and cochleariform process. Measurements were made from the posterolateral margin of the cochlea to the apex of the otic capsule convex contour just anterolateral to the anterior margin of the oval window. In the absence of a convex contour, the sulcus between the oval window and the cochleariform process was identified, and measurement to the depth of the sulcus was used. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the best cutoff value of otic capsule thickness.
RESULTS:Mean otic capsule thickness (2 SDs) was 3.08 (0.93) mm and 1.82 (0.31) mm in patients with otosclerosis and individuals with normal hearing, respectively (P < .001), with excellent interobserver agreement. Otic capsule thickness of >2.3 mm had 96.2% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 96.4% negative predictive value for otosclerosis. A bulging/convex contour of the otic capsule had 68.3% sensitivity, 98.1% specificity, 97.3% positive predictive value, and 76.3% negative predictive value.
CONCLUSIONS:Patients with otosclerosis have significantly thicker bone abutting the oval window than individuals with normal hearing.
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Cesarean Delivery Impacts Infant Brain Development [PEDIATRICS]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
The cesarean delivery rate has increased globally in the past few decades. Neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with cesarean delivery are still unclear. This study investigated whether cesarean delivery has any effect on the brain development of offspring.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 306 healthy children were studied retrospectively. We included 3 cohorts: 2-week-old neonates (cohort 1, n = 32/11 for vaginal delivery/cesarean delivery) and 8-year-old children (cohort 2, n = 37/23 for vaginal delivery/cesarean delivery) studied at Arkansas Children's Hospital, and a longitudinal cohort of 3-month to 5-year-old children (cohort 3, n = 164/39 for vaginal delivery/cesarean delivery) studied independently at Brown University. Diffusion tensor imaging, myelin water fraction imaging, voxel-based morphometry, and/or resting-state fMRI data were analyzed to evaluate white matter integrity, myelination, gray matter volume, and/or functional connectivity, respectively.
RESULTS:While not all MR imaging techniques were shared across the institutions/cohorts, post hoc analyses showed similar results of potential effects of cesarean delivery. The cesarean delivery group in cohort 1 showed significantly lower white matter development in widespread brain regions and significantly lower functional connectivity in the brain default mode network, controlled for a number of potential confounders. No group differences were found in cohort 2 in white matter integrity or gray matter volume. Cohort 3 had significantly different trajectories of white matter myelination between groups, with those born by cesarean delivery having reduced myelin in infancy but normalizing with age.
CONCLUSIONS:Cesarean delivery may influence infant brain development. The impact may be transient because similar effects were not observed in older children. Further prospective and longitudinal studies may be needed to confirm these novel findings.
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Women Rising to the Top: The Tipping Point for the ASNR [EDITORIALS]
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Brain Atrophy Is Associated with Disability Progression in Patients with MS followed in a Clinical Routine [ADULT BRAIN]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
The assessment of brain atrophy in a clinical routine is not performed routinely in multiple sclerosis. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of brain atrophy measurement and its association with disability progression in patients with MS followed in a clinical routine for 5 years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 1815 subjects, 1514 with MS and 137 with clinically isolated syndrome and 164 healthy individuals, were collected retrospectively. Of 11,794 MR imaging brain scans included in the analysis, 8423 MRIs were performed on a 3T, and 3371 MRIs, on a 1.5T scanner. All patients underwent 3D T1WI and T2-FLAIR examinations at all time points of the study. Whole-brain volume changes were measured by percentage brain volume change/normalized brain volume change using SIENA/SIENAX on 3D T1WI and percentage lateral ventricle volume change using NeuroSTREAM on T2-FLAIR.
RESULTS:Percentage brain volume change failed in 36.7% of the subjects; percentage normalized brain volume change, in 19.2%; and percentage lateral ventricle volume change, in 3.3% because of protocol changes, poor scan quality, artifacts, and anatomic variations. Annualized brain volume changes were significantly different between those with MS and healthy individuals for percentage brain volume change (P < .001), percentage normalized brain volume change (P = .002), and percentage lateral ventricle volume change (P = .01). In patients with MS, mixed-effects model analysis showed that disability progression was associated with a 21.9% annualized decrease in percentage brain volume change (P < .001) and normalized brain volume (P = .002) and a 33% increase in lateral ventricle volume (P = .004).
CONCLUSIONS:All brain volume measures differentiated MS and healthy individuals and were associated with disability progression, but the lateral ventricle volume assessment was the most feasible.
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Does Phase-Contrast Imaging through the Cerebral Aqueduct Predict the Outcome of Lumbar CSF Drainage or Shunt Surgery in Patients with Suspected Adult Hydrocephalus? [ADULT BRAIN]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
Radiologic imaging plays a key role in diagnosing chronic adult hydrocephalus, but its role in predicting prognosis is still controversial. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of cardiac-gated phase-contrast MR imaging through the cerebral aqueduct in predicting the clinical response to diagnostic lumbar puncture/lumbar drainage and shunt surgery in suspected adult hydrocephalus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this retrospective study, the phase-contrast MR imaging of 185 patients with suspected chronic adult hydrocephalus was evaluated using the CSF Flow software package. Decision-making for shunt placement was performed in this cohort on the basis of clinical assessment alone without the availability of quantitative phase-contrast MR imaging results. We recorded the response to lumbar puncture or lumbar drainage and shunt surgery using quantitative tests such as the Tinetti Test, the Timed Up and Go, and the Mini-Mental State Examination and qualitative measures of gait, urinary, and cognitive symptom improvement before and after lumbar puncture/lumbar drainage and shunt surgery. Quantitative analysis of phase-contrast MR imaging was compared with clinical outcome measures.
RESULTS:Both CSF stroke volume and flow rate overlapped between lumbar puncture/lumbar drainage responders and nonresponders. There was also a significant overlap between shunt responders and nonresponders. Aqueductal stroke volume or flow rate alone was a poor predictor of lumbar puncture/lumbar drainage and shunt surgery response. Quantitative clinical measures after lumbar puncture/lumbar drainage were better predictors of shunt response.
CONCLUSIONS:This study suggests that the results of phase-contrast MR imaging through the cerebral aqueduct alone should not be used to select patients for diagnostic or therapeutic CSF diversion.
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Long-Term Ultrasound Follow-Up of Incidentally Detected Thyroglossal Duct Cysts in Adults [HEAD & NECK]
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
There has been no previous study that used ultrasonography for longitudinal changes of thyroglossal duct cysts, to our knowledge. We assessed the prevalence and interval changes in incidentally detected thyroglossal duct cysts in adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:From January 2010 to December 2016, we identified 796 ultrasonography radiologic reports from 513 subjects that contained the words "thyroglossal" or "TGDC" among 54,369 participants. Of 513 subjects, 172 (M/F = 103:69, mean age, 53 ± 11 years) who underwent ≥2 sonography studies were enrolled. Two reviewers determined ultrasonography features, including maximal diameter, location, internal echogenicity, wall thickness, and the presence of posterior enhancement, internal septa, and solid components.
RESULTS:The mean follow-up time of total 172 lesions was 2.01 ± 1.13 years. Thyroglossal duct cysts ranged from 2 to 32 mm (mean, 8.77 ± 3.83 mm) on the initial ultrasonography examination. On follow-up ultrasonography studies, 14 lesions (8.2%) increased by >2 mm, while most thyroglossal duct cysts (133 lesions, 77.3%) remained stable in size. During the follow-up period, 31 lesions (18.0%) showed interval changes in ultrasonography features. There was no significant relationship between the presence of ultrasonography feature changes and size changes (P = .12).
CONCLUSIONS:On ultrasonography, 0.9% of adults had incidental thyroglossal duct cysts. Most did not increase in size with time despite changes in various ultrasonography features. Therefore, we recommend performing an observation at long intervals of 2–3 years for asymptomatic thyroglossal duct cysts, and we suggest that fine-needle aspiration can be suspended unless suspicious findings of malignancy are detected.
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Marijuana and head and neck cancer: an epidemiological review
Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance in Canada. To date, no conclusive study has looked at the epidemiologic basis of marijuana use and head and neck cancer (HNC). Due to the imminent recreation...
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Bacillus subtilis exopolysaccharide prevents allergic eosinophilia
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Bacillus subtilis exopolysaccharide prevents allergic eosinophilia
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Eligibility of monoclonal antibody-based therapy for patients with severe asthma: a Canadian cross-sectional perspective
Based on immunologic phenotypes underlying asthma, use of monoclonal antibody based therapies is becoming the new standard of care for severe, corticosteroid refractory clinical symptoms. Patients may qualify ...
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Eligibility of monoclonal antibody-based therapy for patients with severe asthma: a Canadian cross-sectional perspective
Based on immunologic phenotypes underlying asthma, use of monoclonal antibody based therapies is becoming the new standard of care for severe, corticosteroid refractory clinical symptoms. Patients may qualify ...
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VoiceHome-2, an extended corpus for multichannel speech processing in real homes
We describe the corpus specifications and annotations and the data recorded so far, and we report baseline results. (Source: Speech Communication)
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Articulatory Contact Pressure during Bilabial Plosive Production in Esophageal and Tracheoesophageal Speech
Conclusion: The current findings might support the hypothesis of over-exaggerated speech for better intelligibility among alaryngeal speakers. In addition, the increased oral muscular effort could be associated with a compensatory strategy for maintaining a high intraoral pressure or the unique air intake by ES speakers.Folia Phoniatr Logop 2019;71:1 –6 (Source: Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica)
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‘We throw away our books’: Students’ reading practices and identities
Publication date: February 2019Source: Linguistics and Education, Volume 49Author(s): Cathy O'Shea, Sioux McKenna, Carol ThomsonAbstractThe aim of this research was to understand university students' self-reported reading practices. The students attended the University of Fort Hare in South Africa, a historically black institution in a rural and under-resourced setting. A framework of New Literacy Studies (NLS) was used to understand students' self-reported reading practices and the links between these and their identities. Tools provided by Gee, 2005, Gee, 2011 were applied to conduct a CDA of focus group discussions. In the 'We Blacks' Discourse, interviewees 'othered' the idea of reading as not being culturally valued. It was closely allied to the 'Resistance to Reading'...
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The role of early experience and continued language use in bilingual speech production: A study of Galician and Spanish mid vowels by Galician-Spanish bilinguals
Publication date: January 2019Source: Journal of Phonetics, Volume 72Author(s): Robert Mayr, Laura López-Bueno, Martín Vázquez Fernández, Gisela Tomé LouridoAbstractThis paper examines the vowel productions of three groups of adult Galician-Spanish bilinguals: Spanish-dominant (SD) bilinguals, Galician-dominant (GD) bilinguals, and Dual Switch (DS) bilinguals who had early experience with Galician in the home, predominantly used Spanish upon school entry, but in adolescence/adulthood switched to Galician for ideological reasons.To examine how linguistic experience with Galician and Spanish affected the participants' speech, a cued picture-naming task, conducted in unilingual and code switched conditions, was used to elicit the Galician mid vowel contrasts /e-ɛ/ and /o-ɔ/ and the S...
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Safety of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing examination in gastroenterological practice.
CONCLUSION: The GDFEES can be endorsed as an appropriate paradigm for clinical practice based on our study investigating its safety and tolerance. PMID: 30459134 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology)
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The effect of neonatal maternal separation on short-chain fatty acids and airway inflammation in adult asthma mice.
CONCLUSIONS: NMS is associated with exacerbated inflammation of adult asthma by changing intestinal microflora resulting in butanoic acid decline and airway epithelial barrier damage. PMID: 30458973 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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Correlation of OX40 ligand on B cells with serum total IgE and IL-4 levels by CD4+ T cells in allergic rhinitis.
CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the findings of this work suggest that there is a relationship between the OX40L expression level on B lymphocytes and allergic markers such as IgE and IL-4 in patients with allergic rhinitis. PMID: 30454861 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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VoiceHome-2, an extended corpus for multichannel speech processing in real homes
We describe the corpus specifications and annotations and the data recorded so far, and we report baseline results. (Source: Speech Communication)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2FEAgHz
Articulatory Contact Pressure during Bilabial Plosive Production in Esophageal and Tracheoesophageal Speech
Conclusion: The current findings might support the hypothesis of over-exaggerated speech for better intelligibility among alaryngeal speakers. In addition, the increased oral muscular effort could be associated with a compensatory strategy for maintaining a high intraoral pressure or the unique air intake by ES speakers.Folia Phoniatr Logop 2019;71:1 –6 (Source: Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica)
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‘We throw away our books’: Students’ reading practices and identities
Publication date: February 2019Source: Linguistics and Education, Volume 49Author(s): Cathy O'Shea, Sioux McKenna, Carol ThomsonAbstractThe aim of this research was to understand university students' self-reported reading practices. The students attended the University of Fort Hare in South Africa, a historically black institution in a rural and under-resourced setting. A framework of New Literacy Studies (NLS) was used to understand students' self-reported reading practices and the links between these and their identities. Tools provided by Gee, 2005, Gee, 2011 were applied to conduct a CDA of focus group discussions. In the 'We Blacks' Discourse, interviewees 'othered' the idea of reading as not being culturally valued. It was closely allied to the 'Resistance to Reading'...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2FE0dqE
The role of early experience and continued language use in bilingual speech production: A study of Galician and Spanish mid vowels by Galician-Spanish bilinguals
Publication date: January 2019Source: Journal of Phonetics, Volume 72Author(s): Robert Mayr, Laura López-Bueno, Martín Vázquez Fernández, Gisela Tomé LouridoAbstractThis paper examines the vowel productions of three groups of adult Galician-Spanish bilinguals: Spanish-dominant (SD) bilinguals, Galician-dominant (GD) bilinguals, and Dual Switch (DS) bilinguals who had early experience with Galician in the home, predominantly used Spanish upon school entry, but in adolescence/adulthood switched to Galician for ideological reasons.To examine how linguistic experience with Galician and Spanish affected the participants' speech, a cued picture-naming task, conducted in unilingual and code switched conditions, was used to elicit the Galician mid vowel contrasts /e-ɛ/ and /o-ɔ/ and the S...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r2kGew
Safety of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing examination in gastroenterological practice.
CONCLUSION: The GDFEES can be endorsed as an appropriate paradigm for clinical practice based on our study investigating its safety and tolerance. PMID: 30459134 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2FCjVmO
The effect of neonatal maternal separation on short-chain fatty acids and airway inflammation in adult asthma mice.
CONCLUSIONS: NMS is associated with exacerbated inflammation of adult asthma by changing intestinal microflora resulting in butanoic acid decline and airway epithelial barrier damage. PMID: 30458973 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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Evidence for respiratory viruses interactions in asymptomatic preschool-aged children.
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that respiratory viruses found in carrier stage in asymptomatic children may interact with other viruses and even facilitate their settling in the upper respiratory tract. The pathophysiological role of these interactions is not yet clear. PMID: 30454860 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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Correlation of OX40 ligand on B cells with serum total IgE and IL-4 levels by CD4+ T cells in allergic rhinitis.
CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the findings of this work suggest that there is a relationship between the OX40L expression level on B lymphocytes and allergic markers such as IgE and IL-4 in patients with allergic rhinitis. PMID: 30454861 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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Mutational and Phenotypic Spectra of KCNE1 deficiency in Jervell and Lange ‐Nielsen Syndrome and Romano‐Ward Syndrome
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved (Source: Human Mutation)
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Mutational and Phenotypic Spectra of KCNE1 deficiency in Jervell and Lange ‐Nielsen Syndrome and Romano‐Ward Syndrome
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved (Source: Human Mutation)
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Diagnosis, anatomy, and electromyography profiles of 73 nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this work was to compare methods of detecting nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves (NRLNs).
Methods
Specificity and sensitivity were compared in three NRLN detection methods: CT, electromyography (EMG), and A‐B point comparison.
Results
A total of 73 intraoperative pictures and 36 CT details of NRLNs are presented. Incidence of NRLN was 0.39%. Type I NRLN accounted for 50.7%, type IIA 45.2%, type IIB 4.1%. The NRLN median latency was 2.13 ms vs 3.00 ms median in an RLN control group (P < .001). When the threshold was set to 2.5 ms, EMG latency detection had 96.7% sensitivity and 91.6% specificity for detecting NRLN, and the A‐B point comparison algrithm had 97.3% sensitivity and 92.5% specificity. Combining EMG latency detection with A‐B point comparison achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity for detecting NRLN.
Conclusion
This is the largest series of NRLN presented in the literature. Latency shorter than 2.50 ms combined with the A‐B point comparison method is the ideal algorithm procedure for early NRLN identification.
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Diagnosis, anatomy, and electromyography profiles of 73 nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this work was to compare methods of detecting nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves (NRLNs).
Methods
Specificity and sensitivity were compared in three NRLN detection methods: CT, electromyography (EMG), and A‐B point comparison.
Results
A total of 73 intraoperative pictures and 36 CT details of NRLNs are presented. Incidence of NRLN was 0.39%. Type I NRLN accounted for 50.7%, type IIA 45.2%, type IIB 4.1%. The NRLN median latency was 2.13 ms vs 3.00 ms median in an RLN control group (P < .001). When the threshold was set to 2.5 ms, EMG latency detection had 96.7% sensitivity and 91.6% specificity for detecting NRLN, and the A‐B point comparison algrithm had 97.3% sensitivity and 92.5% specificity. Combining EMG latency detection with A‐B point comparison achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity for detecting NRLN.
Conclusion
This is the largest series of NRLN presented in the literature. Latency shorter than 2.50 ms combined with the A‐B point comparison method is the ideal algorithm procedure for early NRLN identification.
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Erratum to “Protective effect of an astaxanthin nanoemulsion against neomycin-induced hair-cell damage in zebrafish” [Auris Nasus Larynx 45 (2018) 20–25]
The publisher regrets that the abstract was missing in the original publication of this article.
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Metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma from a submandibular gland to the larynx
The present article discusses the first reported case of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) metastasis from a submandibular gland to the larynx. Both treatments of distant metastasis of ACC and secondary laryngeal tumor are challenging. Despite its slow progression, ACC is associated with high rates of local recurrence, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis. Patients with secondary laryngeal cancer often have other concurrent metastatic lesions. Therefore, treatment selection should consider the biological behavior of the tumor and characteristics of the laryngeal lesion, along with the general condition and quality of life of the patient.
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Erratum to “Protective effect of an astaxanthin nanoemulsion against neomycin-induced hair-cell damage in zebrafish” [Auris Nasus Larynx 45 (2018) 20–25]
The publisher regrets that the abstract was missing in the original publication of this article.
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Metastasis of adenoid cystic carcinoma from a submandibular gland to the larynx
The present article discusses the first reported case of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) metastasis from a submandibular gland to the larynx. Both treatments of distant metastasis of ACC and secondary laryngeal tumor are challenging. Despite its slow progression, ACC is associated with high rates of local recurrence, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis. Patients with secondary laryngeal cancer often have other concurrent metastatic lesions. Therefore, treatment selection should consider the biological behavior of the tumor and characteristics of the laryngeal lesion, along with the general condition and quality of life of the patient.
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MNP triggers nasal allergy by modulating dendritic cell properties
Exposure to MNP generates Th2 response-inducing dendritic cells. Transfer of OVA/MNP-primed dendritic cells induces nasal allergy. Inhibition of Bcl2L12 prevents nasal allergy development
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The American Academy of Oral Medicine clinical practice statement: dental care for the patient on antiresorptive drug therapy
The American Academy of Oral Medicine (AAOM) affirms that medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is defined as a condition of exposed bone or bone that can be probed through an intraoral or extraoral fistula in the maxillofacial region and that has persisted for more than 8 weeks in patients who are with current or have had previous exposure to antiresorptive or antiangiogenic agents and have no history of radiation therapy of the jaws. The AAOM also affirms that over the years, important information has emerged and can help providers make treatment decisions and minimize the risk for MRONJ.
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MNP triggers nasal allergy by modulating dendritic cell properties
Exposure to MNP generates Th2 response-inducing dendritic cells. Transfer of OVA/MNP-primed dendritic cells induces nasal allergy. Inhibition of Bcl2L12 prevents nasal allergy development
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The American Academy of Oral Medicine clinical practice statement: dental care for the patient on antiresorptive drug therapy
The American Academy of Oral Medicine (AAOM) affirms that medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is defined as a condition of exposed bone or bone that can be probed through an intraoral or extraoral fistula in the maxillofacial region and that has persisted for more than 8 weeks in patients who are with current or have had previous exposure to antiresorptive or antiangiogenic agents and have no history of radiation therapy of the jaws. The AAOM also affirms that over the years, important information has emerged and can help providers make treatment decisions and minimize the risk for MRONJ.
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Reply to: BAPRAS and BAAPS Scientific Meetings: Are we sticking are noses up at Rhinoplasty
Thank you for allowing us to respond to the letter by Arshad and colleagues1 on a topical and important issue. We agree that this is an important subject that should not be overlooked.
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Response to letter commenting on the use of blue dye in sentinel lymph node biopsy
We read with interest the reply from Rudman and colleagues1 to our publication2 but disagree with their assertion that blue dye must be used to increase the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for melanoma. In our series, the use of blue dye did not improve the sensitivity of intra-operative sentinel node identification but increased the number of nodes harvested by 5%. Our findings correspond with a meta-analysis performed by Niebling et al in 2016,3 where pooled analysis of 66 studies showed a 99% SLN identification rate using radiocolloid without blue dye.
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Double Barrel Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis
With improvements in the super-micro surgical technique, lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) has become an effective treatment for obstructive lymph edema1. Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) dye lymphography makes it possible to visualize lymph vessels. LVA requires specific veins in the field. However veins come in a variety of sizes, and options for anastomosis i.e. end to end, end to side and side to end are chosen to deal with the discrepancies between lymph vessels and veins2. On the other hand, lymph vessels are sometimes bunched.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R7jG4u
Response to ‘Sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma: which hot nodes should be harvested and is blue dye really necessary?’
We read with great interest Ranson et als' recent publication, 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma: which hot nodes should be harvested and is blue dye really necessary?'.1 This article retrospectively analysed 42 nodal basins in which greater than one node had been harvested, comparing the overall sensitivity of their blue dye and radiocolloid procedures with the sensitivity that might have be achieved had, theoretically, cold blue nodes been left in situ. They state that this approach could have resulted in a 5% reduction in the number of nodes harvested with no apparent change in sensitivity.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PLbFWa
Healing and maturation of the free Gracilis flap in extremity reconstruction: A patient perspective
Advancements in lower extremity reconstruction have made free tissue transfer for open lower limb fractures the gold standard of care in many units.1–2 Decisions regarding the use of fasciocutaneous versus muscle flaps are both surgeon and patient dependent. Muscle flaps are specifically unsightly to patients in the early stages of their reconstruction. However, the free Gracilis flap is quick to raise, with predictable anatomy, minimal donor site morbidity and is the workhorse flap for lower extremity reconstruction in our unit.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R3uC2U
FIRST DORSAL METACARPAL FLAP REFINEMENT FOR COVERAGE OF THUMB DEFECTS
Thumb defects after crush injury or amputation are common. The first dorsal metacarpal flap or Foucher flap is an island flap that was described as an alternative in the coverage of the distal stump or any other tissue loss in the thumb.1 The donor site is the skin from the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx of the index finger and second metacarpal head, which is usually grafted.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PLbzhg
Pre-operative masseter muscle EMG activation during smile predicts synchronicity of smile development in facial palsy patients undergoing reanimation with the masseter nerve – a prospective cohort study
Synchronicity of the oral commissure movement of a bilateral smile is a significant goal for reconstruction in facial reanimation and may only be guaranteed with use of the facial nerve as a donor nerve. Yet over the years several studies report some degree of spontaneity in certain patients when using a non-facial donor nerve, which indicates that synchronous initiation of the smile might be achievable with other donor nerves. We designed a prospective cohort study to evaluate whether pre-operative involuntary activation of the masseteric nerve during smile predicts development of a synchronous smile development when using the masseteric nerve for reanimation.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R6OuCp
ALT flap with vascularized fascia lata for one-stage functional patellar tendon reconstruction
Composite Antero-Lateral Thigh (ALT) flap with vascularized fascia lata can reconstitute patellar tendon integrity and knee soft tissue coverage in one stage. However, long term evidence of outcomes is lacking. This work analyses long term functional results, comparing subtotal and total reconstruction of patellar tendon, and respective function of the extensor apparatus.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PLbCcW
Aerosol-related thermal injuries: a simple approach to managing a frosty problem.
Invented over 80 years ago, aerosol cans are now part of our everyday life. Body deodorants and air fresheners are readily available in any supermarket. Aerosol-related frostbites are being seen more often over last two decades and many cases are seen following deliberate self-harm from readily-available deodorant cans. 'Frosting is a practice increasingly seen in paediatric and adolescent patients.1 Although occasional aerosol-related frostbites have been reported widely, no treatment guidelines have been proposed to date.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R8cdSO
Reply to: BAPRAS and BAAPS Scientific Meetings: Are we sticking are noses up at Rhinoplasty
Thank you for allowing us to respond to the letter by Arshad and colleagues1 on a topical and important issue. We agree that this is an important subject that should not be overlooked.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R7cVzo
Response to letter commenting on the use of blue dye in sentinel lymph node biopsy
We read with interest the reply from Rudman and colleagues1 to our publication2 but disagree with their assertion that blue dye must be used to increase the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for melanoma. In our series, the use of blue dye did not improve the sensitivity of intra-operative sentinel node identification but increased the number of nodes harvested by 5%. Our findings correspond with a meta-analysis performed by Niebling et al in 2016,3 where pooled analysis of 66 studies showed a 99% SLN identification rate using radiocolloid without blue dye.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PLbIkO
Double Barrel Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis
With improvements in the super-micro surgical technique, lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) has become an effective treatment for obstructive lymph edema1. Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) dye lymphography makes it possible to visualize lymph vessels. LVA requires specific veins in the field. However veins come in a variety of sizes, and options for anastomosis i.e. end to end, end to side and side to end are chosen to deal with the discrepancies between lymph vessels and veins2. On the other hand, lymph vessels are sometimes bunched.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R7jG4u
Response to ‘Sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma: which hot nodes should be harvested and is blue dye really necessary?’
We read with great interest Ranson et als' recent publication, 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma: which hot nodes should be harvested and is blue dye really necessary?'.1 This article retrospectively analysed 42 nodal basins in which greater than one node had been harvested, comparing the overall sensitivity of their blue dye and radiocolloid procedures with the sensitivity that might have be achieved had, theoretically, cold blue nodes been left in situ. They state that this approach could have resulted in a 5% reduction in the number of nodes harvested with no apparent change in sensitivity.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PLbFWa
Healing and maturation of the free Gracilis flap in extremity reconstruction: A patient perspective
Advancements in lower extremity reconstruction have made free tissue transfer for open lower limb fractures the gold standard of care in many units.1–2 Decisions regarding the use of fasciocutaneous versus muscle flaps are both surgeon and patient dependent. Muscle flaps are specifically unsightly to patients in the early stages of their reconstruction. However, the free Gracilis flap is quick to raise, with predictable anatomy, minimal donor site morbidity and is the workhorse flap for lower extremity reconstruction in our unit.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R3uC2U
FIRST DORSAL METACARPAL FLAP REFINEMENT FOR COVERAGE OF THUMB DEFECTS
Thumb defects after crush injury or amputation are common. The first dorsal metacarpal flap or Foucher flap is an island flap that was described as an alternative in the coverage of the distal stump or any other tissue loss in the thumb.1 The donor site is the skin from the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx of the index finger and second metacarpal head, which is usually grafted.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PLbzhg
Pre-operative masseter muscle EMG activation during smile predicts synchronicity of smile development in facial palsy patients undergoing reanimation with the masseter nerve – a prospective cohort study
Synchronicity of the oral commissure movement of a bilateral smile is a significant goal for reconstruction in facial reanimation and may only be guaranteed with use of the facial nerve as a donor nerve. Yet over the years several studies report some degree of spontaneity in certain patients when using a non-facial donor nerve, which indicates that synchronous initiation of the smile might be achievable with other donor nerves. We designed a prospective cohort study to evaluate whether pre-operative involuntary activation of the masseteric nerve during smile predicts development of a synchronous smile development when using the masseteric nerve for reanimation.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R6OuCp
ALT flap with vascularized fascia lata for one-stage functional patellar tendon reconstruction
Composite Antero-Lateral Thigh (ALT) flap with vascularized fascia lata can reconstitute patellar tendon integrity and knee soft tissue coverage in one stage. However, long term evidence of outcomes is lacking. This work analyses long term functional results, comparing subtotal and total reconstruction of patellar tendon, and respective function of the extensor apparatus.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PLbCcW
Aerosol-related thermal injuries: a simple approach to managing a frosty problem.
Invented over 80 years ago, aerosol cans are now part of our everyday life. Body deodorants and air fresheners are readily available in any supermarket. Aerosol-related frostbites are being seen more often over last two decades and many cases are seen following deliberate self-harm from readily-available deodorant cans. 'Frosting is a practice increasingly seen in paediatric and adolescent patients.1 Although occasional aerosol-related frostbites have been reported widely, no treatment guidelines have been proposed to date.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2R8cdSO
Parents who clean pacifiers in their own mouths may reduce kids' allergy risk
(Reuters Health) - Parents who pop a pacifier into their mouth to clean it, rather than washing it with soap and water, may be unknowingly reducing their infant's risk of allergies, new research suggests. (Source: Reuters: Health)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2DGaZKG
Follow these effective tips to improve air quality in your home
(Natural News) Fall is almost over, and people with respiratory conditions like asthma or allergies are already starting to rejoice. However, there's one thing that you need to consider: Even if you don't have asthma or allergies, poor air quality in your home or workplace may cause side effects such as headaches, fatigue, or shortness of... (Source: NaturalNews.com)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Qk17go
Parents who clean pacifiers in their own mouths may reduce kids' allergy risk
(Reuters Health) - Parents who pop a pacifier into their mouth to clean it, rather than washing it with soap and water, may be unknowingly reducing their infant's risk of allergies, new research suggests. (Source: Reuters: Health)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2DGaZKG
Follow these effective tips to improve air quality in your home
(Natural News) Fall is almost over, and people with respiratory conditions like asthma or allergies are already starting to rejoice. However, there's one thing that you need to consider: Even if you don't have asthma or allergies, poor air quality in your home or workplace may cause side effects such as headaches, fatigue, or shortness of... (Source: NaturalNews.com)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Qk17go
Parents who clean pacifiers in their own mouths may reduce kids' allergy risk
(Reuters Health) - Parents who pop a pacifier into their mouth to clean it, rather than washing it with soap and water, may be unknowingly reducing their infant's risk of allergies, new research suggests. (Source: Reuters: Health)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2DGaZKG
Follow these effective tips to improve air quality in your home
(Natural News) Fall is almost over, and people with respiratory conditions like asthma or allergies are already starting to rejoice. However, there's one thing that you need to consider: Even if you don't have asthma or allergies, poor air quality in your home or workplace may cause side effects such as headaches, fatigue, or shortness of... (Source: NaturalNews.com)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Qk17go
Parents who clean pacifiers in their own mouths may reduce kids' allergy risk
(Reuters Health) - Parents who pop a pacifier into their mouth to clean it, rather than washing it with soap and water, may be unknowingly reducing their infant's risk of allergies, new research suggests. (Source: Reuters: Health)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2DGaZKG
Follow these effective tips to improve air quality in your home
(Natural News) Fall is almost over, and people with respiratory conditions like asthma or allergies are already starting to rejoice. However, there's one thing that you need to consider: Even if you don't have asthma or allergies, poor air quality in your home or workplace may cause side effects such as headaches, fatigue, or shortness of... (Source: NaturalNews.com)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Qk17go
Woman is forced to live in the DARK for 11 years as she is extremely allergic to light
Fatima Perez, 54, suffers from Xeroderma Pigmentosum, which caused her to lose her eyesight by the time she was in her 20s. She lives in Connecticut and even wears sun cream inside. (Source: the Mail online | Health)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BpAIW6
Mayo Clinic Minute: How common are food allergies?
In many classrooms across the country, teachers send flyers home requesting that families not send certain treats to school because of kids who have food allergies. Peanuts are the most common culprit. But just how many kids get food allergies? Dr. Avni Joshi, a Mayo Clinic allergist, performed a study that offers some answers to [...] (Source: News from Mayo Clinic)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KsMcuL
Woman is forced to live in the DARK for 11 years as she is extremely allergic to light
Fatima Perez, 54, suffers from Xeroderma Pigmentosum, which caused her to lose her eyesight by the time she was in her 20s. She lives in Connecticut and even wears sun cream inside. (Source: the Mail online | Health)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BpAIW6
Mayo Clinic Minute: How common are food allergies?
In many classrooms across the country, teachers send flyers home requesting that families not send certain treats to school because of kids who have food allergies. Peanuts are the most common culprit. But just how many kids get food allergies? Dr. Avni Joshi, a Mayo Clinic allergist, performed a study that offers some answers to [...] (Source: News from Mayo Clinic)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KsMcuL
Woman is forced to live in the DARK for 11 years as she is extremely allergic to light
Fatima Perez, 54, suffers from Xeroderma Pigmentosum, which caused her to lose her eyesight by the time she was in her 20s. She lives in Connecticut and even wears sun cream inside. (Source: the Mail online | Health)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BpAIW6
Mayo Clinic Minute: How common are food allergies?
In many classrooms across the country, teachers send flyers home requesting that families not send certain treats to school because of kids who have food allergies. Peanuts are the most common culprit. But just how many kids get food allergies? Dr. Avni Joshi, a Mayo Clinic allergist, performed a study that offers some answers to [...] (Source: News from Mayo Clinic)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KsMcuL
Woman is forced to live in the DARK for 11 years as she is extremely allergic to light
Fatima Perez, 54, suffers from Xeroderma Pigmentosum, which caused her to lose her eyesight by the time she was in her 20s. She lives in Connecticut and even wears sun cream inside. (Source: the Mail online | Health)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BpAIW6
Mayo Clinic Minute: How common are food allergies?
In many classrooms across the country, teachers send flyers home requesting that families not send certain treats to school because of kids who have food allergies. Peanuts are the most common culprit. But just how many kids get food allergies? Dr. Avni Joshi, a Mayo Clinic allergist, performed a study that offers some answers to [...] (Source: News from Mayo Clinic)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KsMcuL
Impact of eHealth in Allergic Diseases and Allergic Patients.
Authors: Alvarez-Perea A, Sánchez-García S, Muñoz Cano R, Antolín-Amérigo D, Tsilochristou O, Stukus DR Abstract The emergence of new technology grants allergists and patients the opportunity to compile data and receive feedback regarding key symptoms, risk behaviour and/or management. The term "eHealth" refers to a diverse group of tools that use computerized technologies to improve efficacy and efficiency of the health care industry. eHealth comprises a variety of technologies, such as the use of mobile devices (mHealth) in medical care, including electronic diaries, wearable sensors or adherence monitoring; health informatics (e.g. electronic health records, computerized physician order entry, clinical decision support); telemedicine, which is the use of information and com...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2FC9yiU
Immune basis of food allergic reactions.
Authors: Lozano-Ojalvo D, Berin C, Tordesillas L Abstract Food allergies are diseases where the normal tolerance response to oral antigens is altered. Recent advances have begun to uncover mechanisms that mediate sensitization to food allergens and maintenance of this disease. Production of alarmins by epithelial cells triggers a cascade that leads to allergen-specific IgE synthesis. A role of IL-9 in mast cell recruitment and amplification of allergic response has also been identified. In recent years, increasing evidence suggests that sensitization to food allergens can be developed by non-oral routes, in particular the skin, which led to the proposal of the 'dual exposure hypothesis'. Environmental factors such as diet or microbiota can shape the immune system to promote toleran...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r20ucI
Impact of Parental Asthma, Prenatal Maternal Asthma Control and Vitamin D Status on Risk of Asthma and Recurrent Wheeze in 3‐Year Old Children
Abstract
Background
While familial clustering of asthma is known, few studies have reported on the relative roles of paternal and maternal asthma, and the role of maternal asthma control in pregnancy on the risk for asthma in the child.
Objective
We aimed to investigate the relative roles of paternal asthma, maternal asthma, and maternal asthma control during pregnancy on the risk of asthma or recurrent wheeze in 3‐year old children how prenatal and cord blood vitamin D status might affect this risk.
Methods
Data from 806 women, their partners (biologic fathers of the infant), and their children participated in the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trail (VDAART, clinicaltrialsgov identification number NCT00920621) were used for this cohort analysis. The parental report of physician‐diagnosed asthma or recurrent wheeze in offspring was the main outcome. Weibull regression models for interval‐censored event times were used to estimate the main variables of interests and additional covariates on the outcome.
Results
The highest risk was observed among children with both parents being asthmatic relative to non‐asthmatic parents (aHR=2.30, 95%CI: 1.35‐3.84), and less so if only the mother was asthmatic (aHR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.17‐2.40). In the subset of children born to asthmatic mothers, the risk for asthma was higher in those who were born to mothers whose asthma was uncontrolled (aHR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.02‐2.54). Children whose mothers had sufficient vitamin D status (25Hydroxyvitamin D≥30 ng/mL) at early and late pregnancy and had cord blood vitamin D sufficiency demonstrated a lower risk of asthma/recurrent wheeze than children who had insufficient vitamin D status at birth (aHR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.27‐0.83).
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
Careful attention to maternal asthma control, monitoring vitamin D status and correcting insufficiency at early pregnancy and maintaining the sufficiency status throughout pregnancy have potential preventive roles in offspring asthma or recurrent wheeze.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2qZy8QF
Impact of eHealth in Allergic Diseases and Allergic Patients.
Authors: Alvarez-Perea A, Sánchez-García S, Muñoz Cano R, Antolín-Amérigo D, Tsilochristou O, Stukus DR Abstract The emergence of new technology grants allergists and patients the opportunity to compile data and receive feedback regarding key symptoms, risk behaviour and/or management. The term "eHealth" refers to a diverse group of tools that use computerized technologies to improve efficacy and efficiency of the health care industry. eHealth comprises a variety of technologies, such as the use of mobile devices (mHealth) in medical care, including electronic diaries, wearable sensors or adherence monitoring; health informatics (e.g. electronic health records, computerized physician order entry, clinical decision support); telemedicine, which is the use of information and com...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2FC9yiU
Immune basis of food allergic reactions.
Authors: Lozano-Ojalvo D, Berin C, Tordesillas L Abstract Food allergies are diseases where the normal tolerance response to oral antigens is altered. Recent advances have begun to uncover mechanisms that mediate sensitization to food allergens and maintenance of this disease. Production of alarmins by epithelial cells triggers a cascade that leads to allergen-specific IgE synthesis. A role of IL-9 in mast cell recruitment and amplification of allergic response has also been identified. In recent years, increasing evidence suggests that sensitization to food allergens can be developed by non-oral routes, in particular the skin, which led to the proposal of the 'dual exposure hypothesis'. Environmental factors such as diet or microbiota can shape the immune system to promote toleran...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2r20ucI
Impact of Parental Asthma, Prenatal Maternal Asthma Control and Vitamin D Status on Risk of Asthma and Recurrent Wheeze in 3‐Year Old Children
Abstract
Background
While familial clustering of asthma is known, few studies have reported on the relative roles of paternal and maternal asthma, and the role of maternal asthma control in pregnancy on the risk for asthma in the child.
Objective
We aimed to investigate the relative roles of paternal asthma, maternal asthma, and maternal asthma control during pregnancy on the risk of asthma or recurrent wheeze in 3‐year old children how prenatal and cord blood vitamin D status might affect this risk.
Methods
Data from 806 women, their partners (biologic fathers of the infant), and their children participated in the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trail (VDAART, clinicaltrialsgov identification number NCT00920621) were used for this cohort analysis. The parental report of physician‐diagnosed asthma or recurrent wheeze in offspring was the main outcome. Weibull regression models for interval‐censored event times were used to estimate the main variables of interests and additional covariates on the outcome.
Results
The highest risk was observed among children with both parents being asthmatic relative to non‐asthmatic parents (aHR=2.30, 95%CI: 1.35‐3.84), and less so if only the mother was asthmatic (aHR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.17‐2.40). In the subset of children born to asthmatic mothers, the risk for asthma was higher in those who were born to mothers whose asthma was uncontrolled (aHR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.02‐2.54). Children whose mothers had sufficient vitamin D status (25Hydroxyvitamin D≥30 ng/mL) at early and late pregnancy and had cord blood vitamin D sufficiency demonstrated a lower risk of asthma/recurrent wheeze than children who had insufficient vitamin D status at birth (aHR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.27‐0.83).
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
Careful attention to maternal asthma control, monitoring vitamin D status and correcting insufficiency at early pregnancy and maintaining the sufficiency status throughout pregnancy have potential preventive roles in offspring asthma or recurrent wheeze.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2qZy8QF
Factors affecting the use of medicinal plants by migrants from rural areas of Brazilian Northeast after moving to a metropolitan region in Southeast of Brazil
Ethnopharmacological studies about migrants reveal a dynamic process of knowledge and use of medicinal plants. In this study, we sought to elucidate quantitative and qualitatively the main factors influencing ...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BqrwAB
Factors affecting the use of medicinal plants by migrants from rural areas of Brazilian Northeast after moving to a metropolitan region in Southeast of Brazil
Ethnopharmacological studies about migrants reveal a dynamic process of knowledge and use of medicinal plants. In this study, we sought to elucidate quantitative and qualitatively the main factors influencing ...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BqrwAB
Molecular and immunologic analysis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in smokers and non-smokers
Publication date: Available online 22 November 2018
Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Ian-James Malm, Lisa M. Rooper, Justin A. Bishop, Selmin Karatayli Ozgursoy, Alexander T. Hillel, Lee M. Akst, Simon R. Best
Abstract
Background
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is strongly associated with tobacco use, but recent reports suggest an increasing incidence of LSCC in patients without traditional risk factors, suggesting an alternative etiology of tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study is to characterize this non-smoking population and to compare immunohistochemical markers in tumor specimens from non-smokers and smokers with LSCC.
Methods
A retrospective chart review of patients with LSCC at Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) was performed. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed with tumor specimen from non-smokers with stage and age-matched smokers and stained for a variety of immunologic and molecular targets.
Results
In the JHH cohort of 521 patients, 12% (n = 63) were non-smokers. Non-smokers were more likely to be <45 years old at time of diagnosis (OR 4.13, p = 0.001) and to have glottic tumors (OR 2.46, p = 0.003). The TMA was comprised of tumors from 34 patients (14 non-smokers, 20 smokers). Only 2 patients (6%) were human-papillomavirus (HPV) positive by high-risk RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). There was no correlation between smoking status and p16 (p = 0.36), HPV-ISH positivity (p = 0.79), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN, p = 0.91), p53 (p = 0.14), or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1, p = 0.27) expression.
Conclusions
Non-smokers with LSCC are more likely to be younger at the time of diagnosis and have glottic tumors than smokers with LSCC. In TMA analysis of stage and age-matched specimens from smoker and non-smokers with LSCC, the pattern of expression for common molecular and immunologic markers is similar. Further, HPV does not appear to be a major causative etiology of LSCC in either smokers or non-smokers in our cohort of patients.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AfIlN7
Oral core-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of malignant parapharyngeal space tumors
Publication date: Available online 22 November 2018
Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Renhui Chen, Qian Cai, Faya Liang, Peiliang Lin, Ling Chen
Abstract
Objective
To confirm the pre-treatment diagnosis of parapharyngeal space malignancy could aid the treatment plan.
Methods
For patients with suspected malignant parapharyngeal space tumors following preoperative imaging, oral biopsy was conducted for pathological diagnosis with the use of 22-G biopsy needles.
Results
A total of 11 patients were enrolled. There were three previously diagnosed cases of head and neck malignancy, and eight cases were newly diagnosed. The tumor diameters were in the range of 3 to 5.5 cm. Ten cases (90.9%) achieved positive results, of which eight cases (72.7%) obtained positive results with one puncture and two cases obtained positive pathological results with two punctures. One case did not obtain positive results with two punctures; open surgical resection was performed for this patient. There were no complications such as needle track implantation, heavy bleeding or neurological damage symptoms during the puncture process.
Conclusions
Oral biopsy is a minimally invasive, safe and effective technique for the diagnosis of parapharyngeal space tumors. It is easy to operate and could facilitate a comprehensive treatment plan for parapharyngeal space malignancies.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2TAsu4w
The risk factors for residual juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and the usual residual sites
Publication date: Available online 22 November 2018
Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Zhuofu Liu, Wei Hua, Huankang Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Xiaole Song, Li Hu, Hanyu Lu, Dehui Wang
Abstract
Objective
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is non-metastasizing but potentially locally destructive tumor of the nasopharynx. It can destroy the skull base and invade into the cerebrum. Surgical management is the primary standard but residual disease is always a risk factor. We aimed to determine the risk factors for residual disease and usual sites for these residual tumors.
Methods
The medical records of 131 patients (mean age 17.6 ± 6.8, range 9–71 years) with histologically proven JNA were retrospectively analyzed. The surgeries were all nasal endoscopic approaches, with or without assistant incision.
Results
The prevalence of residual disease was 16.8%. Risk factors associated with JNA recurrence included tumor stage, intraoperative bleeding, and the year in which the operation was performed. The pterygoid canal, pterygoid process, and pterygopalatine foramen were the most frequent locations for residual tumor.
Conclusion
Surgical management should take particular care for the pterygoid canal, petrygoid process, and pterygopalatine foramen. Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI are effective tools to evaluate complete JNA excision in the first two days after primary surgery. Careful exploration of these areas may be the key to avoid residual JNA.
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Is there any effect of anxiety and depression scores on the improvement of tinnitus after surgery in chronic otitis patients with tinnitus
Publication date: Available online 22 November 2018
Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Resit Murat Acikalin, Cemal Haci, Fazilet Altin, Yalcin Alimaoglu
Abstract
Background
Tinnitus is a common disease in public. It is not only associated with neuronal, muscular, vascular pathologies, but also with related psychological parameters. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between tinnitus, anxiety and depression in patients undergoing tympanoplasty.
Methods
Patients with tinnitus and operated for chronic otitis media were included in our study. Before and after the operation, tinnitus handicap inventory, beck anxiety and depression scales were filled and pre- and postoperative values were compared. In addition, our patients were divided into two groups as tinnitus improve and did not improve and differences between them were investigated.
Results
148 patients were included in our study. Of 148 patients, 60 were male and 88 were female. There was no significant difference between the patients with and without tinnitus when the dermografic features, hearing levels and physical examination findings were compared.
After the operation, the patients who did not improve tinnitus had higher levels of depression and depression than others (<0.001).
Conclusion
As a result of our study, anxiety and depression scales of the patients whose tinnitus did not improve were found to be higher than the patients whose tinnitus improved.
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Submental flap for reconstruction of anterior skull base, orbital, and high facial defects
Publication date: Available online 22 November 2018
Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Brent A. Chang, S. Ryan Hall, Brittany E. Howard, Gregory S. Neel, Carrlene Donald, Devyani Lal, Thomas H. Nagel, Richard E. Hayden
Abstract
Purpose
Large anterior skull base, orbital, and high facial defects can present a challenging reconstructive problem. Limited data exists in the literature on the use of a submental flap for reconstructing such defects. We aimed to describe the feasibility, success, and advantages of using variations of the submental flap for reconstruction of anterior skull base, orbital, and high facial defects.
Materials & methods
Outcomes measured included flap method, flap survival, flap size, reconstructive site complications, donor site complications, and length of hospital stay.
Results
Nine patients were identified that underwent submental flap reconstruction of anterior skull base, orbital, or high facial soft tissue defects. There were 5 pedicled, 2 hybridized, and 2 free submental flap reconstructions. Flap survival was 100%. One flap required leech therapy for early post-operative venous congestion. Average flap skin paddle size was 63.7 cm2. Average length of hospital stay was 7.3 days. No complications from the donor site were reported.
Conclusions
Different variations on the submental flap are viable options for reconstruction of high defects in the head and neck. Such flaps have a number of unique qualities that are suitable for reconstruction of anterior skull base, orbital, and high facial defects.
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Viruses, Vol. 10, Pages 662: The Transcriptional Repressor BS69 is a Conserved Target of the E1A Proteins from Several Human Adenovirus Species
In this study, the molecular determinants of interaction between E1A and BS69, a cellular repressor that negatively regulates E1A transactivation, were systematically defined by mutagenesis experiments. We found that a minimal sequence comprised of MPNLVPEV, which contains a conserved PXLXP motif and spans residues 112–119 in HAdV-C5 E1A, was necessary and sufficient in binding to the myeloid, Nervy, and DEAF-1 (MYND) domain of BS69. Our study also identified residues P113 and L115 as critical for this interaction. Furthermore, the HAdV-C5 and -A12 E1A proteins from species C and A bound BS69, but those of HAdV-B3, -E4, -D9, -F40, and -G52 from species B, E, D, F, and G, respectively, did not. In addition, BS69 functioned as a repressor of E1A-mediated transactivation, but on...
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