The Laryngoscope, EarlyView. (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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Τρίτη 11 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018
Social isolation alters ultrasonic vocalizations but not thyroarytenoid neuromuscular junctions in old rats
Continuous lumbar drainage and the postoperative complication rate of open anterior skull base surgery
The Laryngoscope, EarlyView. (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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Postoperative revisits and readmissions after facelift surgery
The Laryngoscope, EarlyView. (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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Prediction models for postoperative uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis in daily practice
The Laryngoscope, EarlyView. (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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Pathophysiology of sensorineural hearing loss in jugular foramen paraganglioma
The Laryngoscope, EarlyView. (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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Current practices in microvascular reconstruction in otolaryngology –head and neck surgery
The Laryngoscope, EarlyView. (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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Human laryngeal sensory receptor mapping illuminates the mechanisms of laryngeal adductor reflex control
The Laryngoscope, EarlyView. (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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Cardiovascular endpoints for obstructive sleep apnea with twelfth cranial nerve stimulation (CARDIOSA ‐12): Rationale and methods
The Laryngoscope, EarlyView. (Source: The Laryngoscope)
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Global Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics Market 2022: focuses on regional market conditions, product price, profit ...
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Photoisomerization of di-nuclear rhenium(I) bpe-based compounds
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2018, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00274F, Paper
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00274F, Paper
Karina Frin, Denis Cressembene da Rocha, Julia Frata Mamud, André S Polo
Di-nuclear [{(NN)(CO)3Re}2(trans-bpe)](PF6)2 complexes, NN = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (ph2phen) or 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline (Cl2phen) and trans-bpe = trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and UV-visible spectroscopies. Irradiation of acetonitrile solutions led to...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Di-nuclear [{(NN)(CO)3Re}2(trans-bpe)](PF6)2 complexes, NN = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (ph2phen) or 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline (Cl2phen) and trans-bpe = trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and UV-visible spectroscopies. Irradiation of acetonitrile solutions led to...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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A novel noise filtered and occlusion removal: navigational accuracy in augmented reality-based constructive jaw surgery
ConclusionThe proposed system concentrates on removing the noise from the real-time video frame and the occlusion. Thus, the acceptable range of accuracy and the processing time are provided by this study for surgeons for carrying out a smooth surgical flow. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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A novel noise filtered and occlusion removal: navigational accuracy in augmented reality-based constructive jaw surgery
ConclusionThe proposed system concentrates on removing the noise from the real-time video frame and the occlusion. Thus, the acceptable range of accuracy and the processing time are provided by this study for surgeons for carrying out a smooth surgical flow. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Global Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics Market 2022: focuses on regional market conditions, product price, profit ...
| Global Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics Market 2022: focuses on regional market conditions, product price, profit ... RBTE ReportFull coverage |
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Brain stem death
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine
Author(s): Richard Cowan, Barbara Miles
Abstract
The concept of brain and brain stem death developed from the observation of apnoeic comatose patients. In the UK, the diagnosis of brain stem death is made by clinically testing brain stem function once specific preconditions have been met. The exact definition of brain death and some details regarding the tests required to make this diagnosis vary across the globe. However, the majority of tests carried out are similar to those in the UK. In this review we define brain stem death and the clinical tests used to confirm it. The use of ancillary testing can have a role in patients where clinical tests are not possible and this is also discussed.
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Global Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics Market 2022: focuses on regional market conditions, product price, profit ...
| Global Head and Neck Cancer Therapeutics Market 2022: focuses on regional market conditions, product price, profit ... RBTE ReportFull coverage |
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Brain stem death
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine
Author(s): Richard Cowan, Barbara Miles
Abstract
The concept of brain and brain stem death developed from the observation of apnoeic comatose patients. In the UK, the diagnosis of brain stem death is made by clinically testing brain stem function once specific preconditions have been met. The exact definition of brain death and some details regarding the tests required to make this diagnosis vary across the globe. However, the majority of tests carried out are similar to those in the UK. In this review we define brain stem death and the clinical tests used to confirm it. The use of ancillary testing can have a role in patients where clinical tests are not possible and this is also discussed.
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Predictive Markers for Treating Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Review of the 18th World Conference on Lung Cancer
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockades have dramatically changed the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But we still have no definite biomarkers that may predict the efficacy of treatment by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In the 18th World Conference on Lung Cancer, the biomarkers that may predict the efficacy of treatment by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with lung cancer has been a popular topic, and it has huge potential in the future. In order to enable more patients to get more benefits from treatment, researchers are looking forward to finding the optimum biomarkers. By organizing and summarizing the information about the biomarkers predicting PD-1/PD-L1 in patients with lung cancer, this review mainly focused on the follow...
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NKG2D Ligands –Critical Targets for Cancer Immune Escape and Therapy
Dominik Schmiedel, Ofer Mandelboim (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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SERPINB3 Delays Glomerulonephritis and Attenuates the Lupus-Like Disease in Lupus Murine Models by Inducing a More Tolerogenic Immune Phenotype
Mariele Gatto, Roberto Luisetto, Anna Ghirardello, Laura Cavicchioli, Gaia Codolo, Alessandra Biasiolo, Giuseppe Maggioni, Francesca Saccon, Marianna Beggio, Andrea Cappon, Roberta Venturini, Patrizia Pontisso, Andrea Doria (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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The Journey of in vivo Virus Engineered Dendritic Cells From Bench to Bedside: A Bumpy Road
Cleo Goyvaerts, Karine Breckpot (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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The Diversity of Mammalian Hemoproteins and Microbial Heme Scavengers Is Shaped by an Arms Race for Iron Piracy
Alessandra Mozzi, Diego Forni, Mario Clerici, Rachele Cagliani, Manuela Sironi (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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TFPI-2 Protects Against Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection
Mohamad N. Ali, Gopinath Kasetty, Malin Elv én, Saud Alyafei, Sandra Jovic, Arne Egesten, Heiko Herwald, Artur Schmidtchen, Praveen Papareddy (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Complex Network of NKT Cell Subsets Controls Immune Homeostasis in Liver and Gut
Idania Marrero, Igor Maricic, Ariel E. Feldstein, Rohit Loomba, Bernd Schnabl, Jesus Rivera-Nieves, Lars Eckmann, Vipin Kumar (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Killing of Latently HIV-Infected CD4 T Cells by Autologous CD8 T Cells Is Modulated by Nef
Ziv Sevilya, Ehud Chorin, Orit Gal-Garber, Einat Zelinger, Dan Turner, Boaz Avidor, Gideon Berke, David Hassin (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Editorial: Targeting Metabolism in Cancer Immunotherapy
Jason Roszik, Keiji Tanese, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Inhibition of HBV Expression in HBV Transgenic Mice Using AAV-Delivered CRISPR-SaCas9
Hao Li, Chunyu Sheng, Hongbo Liu, Shan Wang, Jiangyun Zhao, Lang Yang, Leili Jia, Peng Li, Ligui Wang, Jing Xie, Dongping Xu, Yansong Sun, Shaofu Qiu, Hongbin Song (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Fam65b Phosphorylation Relieves Tonic RhoA Inhibition During T Cell Migration
Laura Megrelis, Elyas El Ghoul, Federica Moalli, Margaux Versapuech, Shamir Cassim, Nora Ruef, Jens V. Stein, Marianne Mangeney, J érôme Delon (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Immune-Phenotyping and Transcriptomic Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Patients With Breast Cancer: Identification of a 3 Gene Signature Which Predicts Relapse of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Gemma A. Foulds, Jayakumar Vadakekolathu, Tarek M. A. Abdel-Fatah, Divya Nagarajan, Stephen Reeder, Catherine Johnson, Simon Hood, Paul M. Moseley, Stephen Y. T. Chan, A. Graham Pockley, Sergio Rutella, Stephanie E. B. McArdle (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Assessment of Neutrophil Chemotaxis Upon G-CSF Treatment of Healthy Stem Cell Donors and in Allogeneic Transplant Recipients
Anna Thunstr öm Salzer, Maria J. Niemiec, Ava Hosseinzadeh, Marios Stylianou, Fredrik Åström, Marc Röhm, Clas Ahlm, Anders Wahlin, David Ermert, Constantin F. Urban (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Emerging Role of Diet and Microbiota Interactions in Neuroinflammation
Mathangi Janakiraman, Gurumoorthy Krishnamoorthy (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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MicroRNA Functions in Thymic Biology: Thymic Development and Involution
Minwen Xu, Tao Gan, Huiting Ning, Liefeng Wang (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Tumor Resident Memory T Cells: New Players in Immune Surveillance and Therapy
Nina Dumauthioz, Sara Labiano, Pedro Romero (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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InterCells: A Generic Monte-Carlo Simulation of Intercellular Interfaces Captures Nanoscale Patterning at the Immune Synapse
Yair Neve-Oz, Julia Sajman, Yair Razvag, Eilon Sherman (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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The Dual Nature of Type I and Type II Interferons
Amanda J. Lee, Ali A. Ashkar (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Short Lifespans of Memory T-cells in Bone Marrow, Blood, and Lymph Nodes Suggest That T-cell Memory Is Maintained by Continuous Self-Renewal of Recirculating Cells
Mariona Baliu-Piqu é, Myrddin W. Verheij, Julia Drylewicz, Lars Ravesloot, Rob J. de Boer, Ad Koets, Kiki Tesselaar, José A. M. Borghans (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Monomeric C-Reactive Protein and Cerebral Hemorrhage: From Bench to Bedside
Mario Di Napoli, Mark Slevin, Aurel Popa-Wagner, Puneetpal Singh, Simona Lattanzi, Afshin A. Divani (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Predictive Markers for Treating Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Review of the 18th World Conference on Lung Cancer
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockades have dramatically changed the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But we still have no definite biomarkers that may predict the efficacy of treatment by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In the 18th World Conference on Lung Cancer, the biomarkers that may predict the efficacy of treatment by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with lung cancer has been a popular topic, and it has huge potential in the future. In order to enable more patients to get more benefits from treatment, researchers are looking forward to finding the optimum biomarkers. By organizing and summarizing the information about the biomarkers predicting PD-1/PD-L1 in patients with lung cancer, this review mainly focused on the follow...
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NKG2D Ligands –Critical Targets for Cancer Immune Escape and Therapy
Dominik Schmiedel, Ofer Mandelboim (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Ofkv9G
SERPINB3 Delays Glomerulonephritis and Attenuates the Lupus-Like Disease in Lupus Murine Models by Inducing a More Tolerogenic Immune Phenotype
Mariele Gatto, Roberto Luisetto, Anna Ghirardello, Laura Cavicchioli, Gaia Codolo, Alessandra Biasiolo, Giuseppe Maggioni, Francesca Saccon, Marianna Beggio, Andrea Cappon, Roberta Venturini, Patrizia Pontisso, Andrea Doria (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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The Journey of in vivo Virus Engineered Dendritic Cells From Bench to Bedside: A Bumpy Road
Cleo Goyvaerts, Karine Breckpot (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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The Diversity of Mammalian Hemoproteins and Microbial Heme Scavengers Is Shaped by an Arms Race for Iron Piracy
Alessandra Mozzi, Diego Forni, Mario Clerici, Rachele Cagliani, Manuela Sironi (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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TFPI-2 Protects Against Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection
Mohamad N. Ali, Gopinath Kasetty, Malin Elv én, Saud Alyafei, Sandra Jovic, Arne Egesten, Heiko Herwald, Artur Schmidtchen, Praveen Papareddy (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Complex Network of NKT Cell Subsets Controls Immune Homeostasis in Liver and Gut
Idania Marrero, Igor Maricic, Ariel E. Feldstein, Rohit Loomba, Bernd Schnabl, Jesus Rivera-Nieves, Lars Eckmann, Vipin Kumar (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Killing of Latently HIV-Infected CD4 T Cells by Autologous CD8 T Cells Is Modulated by Nef
Ziv Sevilya, Ehud Chorin, Orit Gal-Garber, Einat Zelinger, Dan Turner, Boaz Avidor, Gideon Berke, David Hassin (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Editorial: Targeting Metabolism in Cancer Immunotherapy
Jason Roszik, Keiji Tanese, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Inhibition of HBV Expression in HBV Transgenic Mice Using AAV-Delivered CRISPR-SaCas9
Hao Li, Chunyu Sheng, Hongbo Liu, Shan Wang, Jiangyun Zhao, Lang Yang, Leili Jia, Peng Li, Ligui Wang, Jing Xie, Dongping Xu, Yansong Sun, Shaofu Qiu, Hongbin Song (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Fam65b Phosphorylation Relieves Tonic RhoA Inhibition During T Cell Migration
Laura Megrelis, Elyas El Ghoul, Federica Moalli, Margaux Versapuech, Shamir Cassim, Nora Ruef, Jens V. Stein, Marianne Mangeney, J érôme Delon (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Immune-Phenotyping and Transcriptomic Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Patients With Breast Cancer: Identification of a 3 Gene Signature Which Predicts Relapse of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Gemma A. Foulds, Jayakumar Vadakekolathu, Tarek M. A. Abdel-Fatah, Divya Nagarajan, Stephen Reeder, Catherine Johnson, Simon Hood, Paul M. Moseley, Stephen Y. T. Chan, A. Graham Pockley, Sergio Rutella, Stephanie E. B. McArdle (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Assessment of Neutrophil Chemotaxis Upon G-CSF Treatment of Healthy Stem Cell Donors and in Allogeneic Transplant Recipients
Anna Thunstr öm Salzer, Maria J. Niemiec, Ava Hosseinzadeh, Marios Stylianou, Fredrik Åström, Marc Röhm, Clas Ahlm, Anders Wahlin, David Ermert, Constantin F. Urban (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Emerging Role of Diet and Microbiota Interactions in Neuroinflammation
Mathangi Janakiraman, Gurumoorthy Krishnamoorthy (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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MicroRNA Functions in Thymic Biology: Thymic Development and Involution
Minwen Xu, Tao Gan, Huiting Ning, Liefeng Wang (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Tumor Resident Memory T Cells: New Players in Immune Surveillance and Therapy
Nina Dumauthioz, Sara Labiano, Pedro Romero (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.
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InterCells: A Generic Monte-Carlo Simulation of Intercellular Interfaces Captures Nanoscale Patterning at the Immune Synapse
Yair Neve-Oz, Julia Sajman, Yair Razvag, Eilon Sherman (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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The Dual Nature of Type I and Type II Interferons
Amanda J. Lee, Ali A. Ashkar (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Short Lifespans of Memory T-cells in Bone Marrow, Blood, and Lymph Nodes Suggest That T-cell Memory Is Maintained by Continuous Self-Renewal of Recirculating Cells
Mariona Baliu-Piqu é, Myrddin W. Verheij, Julia Drylewicz, Lars Ravesloot, Rob J. de Boer, Ad Koets, Kiki Tesselaar, José A. M. Borghans (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Monomeric C-Reactive Protein and Cerebral Hemorrhage: From Bench to Bedside
Mario Di Napoli, Mark Slevin, Aurel Popa-Wagner, Puneetpal Singh, Simona Lattanzi, Afshin A. Divani (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Ask a Specialist: Thyroid Cancer - The Queen's Medical Center
| Ask a Specialist: Thyroid Cancer - The Queen's Medical Center KHON2Full coverage |
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Ask a Specialist: Thyroid Cancer - The Queen's Medical Center
| Ask a Specialist: Thyroid Cancer - The Queen's Medical Center KHON2Full coverage |
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Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Market Size to 2012 Analysis by Applications and Types from 2016 Till 2022
| Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Market Size to 2012 Analysis by Applications and Types from 2016 Till 2022 managementjournal24.comFull coverage |
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Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Market to 2012 Industry Size, Share, Revenue Analysis 2016-2022
| Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Market to 2012 Industry Size, Share, Revenue Analysis 2016-2022 Coherent Chronicle (press release) (blog)Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Market Health Monitoring Equipment, Expert Reviews 2018 – 2021 Newszak (blog)Global Head and Neck Cancer Diagnostics Market Outlook, Size, Status, and Forecast to 2025 positivesource24.comFull coverage |
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Demographic predictors of head and neck cancer survival differ in the elderly
| Demographic predictors of head and neck cancer survival differ in the elderly MD LinxFull coverage |
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Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Market Size to 2012 Analysis by Applications and Types from 2016 Till 2022
| Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Market Size to 2012 Analysis by Applications and Types from 2016 Till 2022 managementjournal24.comFull coverage |
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Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Market to 2012 Industry Size, Share, Revenue Analysis 2016-2022
| Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Market to 2012 Industry Size, Share, Revenue Analysis 2016-2022 Coherent Chronicle (press release) (blog)Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Market Health Monitoring Equipment, Expert Reviews 2018 – 2021 Newszak (blog)Global Head and Neck Cancer Diagnostics Market Outlook, Size, Status, and Forecast to 2025 positivesource24.comFull coverage |
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Demographic predictors of head and neck cancer survival differ in the elderly
| Demographic predictors of head and neck cancer survival differ in the elderly MD LinxFull coverage |
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Novel RET Inhibitor Tested in Patients With NSCLC, MTC
| Novel RET Inhibitor Tested in Patients With NSCLC, MTC www.oncnursingnews.com/Full coverage |
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Novel RET Inhibitor Tested in Patients With NSCLC, MTC
| Novel RET Inhibitor Tested in Patients With NSCLC, MTC www.oncnursingnews.com/Full coverage |
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Global Oral Mucositis Epidemiology Insights to 2025 - ResearchAndMarkets.com
| Global Oral Mucositis Epidemiology Insights to 2025 - ResearchAndMarkets.com Maryville Daily TimesFull coverage |
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Global Oral Mucositis Epidemiology Insights to 2025 - ResearchAndMarkets.com
| Global Oral Mucositis Epidemiology Insights to 2025 - ResearchAndMarkets.com Maryville Daily TimesFull coverage |
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Usage of the HINTS exam and neuroimaging in the assessment of peripheral vertigo in the emergency department
Dizziness is a common presenting symptom in the emergency department (ED). The HINTS exam, a battery of bedside clinical tests, has been shown to have greater sensitivity than neuroimaging in ruling out stroke...
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A novel noise filtered and occlusion removal: navigational accuracy in augmented reality-based constructive jaw surgery
Abstract
Purpose
Augmented reality-based constructive jaw surgery has been facing various limitations such as noise in real-time images, the navigational error of implants and jaw, image overlay error, and occlusion handling which have limited the implementation of augmented reality (AR) in corrective jaw surgery. This research aimed to improve the navigational accuracy, through noise and occlusion removal, during positioning of an implant in relation to the jaw bone to be cut or drilled.
Method
The proposed system consists of a weighting-based de-noising filter and depth mapping-based occlusion removal for removing any occluded object such as surgical tools, the surgeon's body parts, and blood.
Results
The maxillary (upper jaw) and mandibular (lower jaw) jaw bone sample results show that the proposed method can achieve the image overlay error (video accuracy) of 0.23~0.35 mm and processing time of 8–12 frames per second compared to 0.35~0.45 mm and 6–11 frames per second by the existing best system.
Conclusion
The proposed system concentrates on removing the noise from the real-time video frame and the occlusion. Thus, the acceptable range of accuracy and the processing time are provided by this study for surgeons for carrying out a smooth surgical flow.
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Usage of the HINTS exam and neuroimaging in the assessment of peripheral vertigo in the emergency department
Dizziness is a common presenting symptom in the emergency department (ED). The HINTS exam, a battery of bedside clinical tests, has been shown to have greater sensitivity than neuroimaging in ruling out stroke...
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The transcriptional co-activator YAP: A new player in head and neck cancer
Publication date: November 2018
Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 86
Author(s): Carmen Segrelles, Jesús M. Paramio, Corina Lorz
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP (Yes-associated protein) pathway is a key regulator of tissue growth, organ size and stem cell function. More recently, a fundamental role for this pathway has emerged in stem cell function and tumorigenesis. Activation of the transcriptional co-activator YAP promotes cell-contact independent proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell features and drug resistance. In this review, we describe the main components of the pathway, the microenvironment and the cell-intrinsic cues governing its activation, the downstream players of the pathway and the biological implications of their activation in the context of cancer. We will focus on the existing knowledge of this pathway in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC), its clinical value in this type of cancer as a marker of poor prognosis and resistance to therapy, as well as the most encouraging therapeutic strategies targeting the pathway.
Graphical abstract
The activation of the Hippo pathway effector Yes-associated protein (YAP) is modulated by different upstream cues. Phosphorylated YAP accumulates in the cytosol where it is targeted for degradation. In its active form, YAP translocates to the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional co-activator, binding to different transcription factors such as the TEA-domain transcription factor family (TEADs) to activate the transcription of tumour promoting genes. In the context of head and neck cancer, YAP activation is associated to malignant transformation, poor overall survival and disease free survival, resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and potential resistance to immunotherapy.
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Cross-Sectional Imaging and Thoracoscopic Resection of Functional Intrathoracic Paraganglioma of the Aortic Body
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2018
Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
Author(s): Nicholas C. Cleveland, Don N. Nguyen, Kanika Goel, Cassie D. Tran, Jeffrey S. Mueller
Summary
Paragangliomas are extra-adrenal tumors that are derived from neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. The rare disease has a variable presentation depending upon its anatomic location and functionality. We describe the case of a 56-year-old female patient who had an incidental mass found on imaging. The patient underwent biochemical testing and a mediastinal biopsy due to the non-specific imaging findings. The mediastinal mass was resected through hemi-sternotomy and found to be a functional paraganglioma. This case highlights the importance of radiologists to consider the prospect of paragangliomas in the differential diagnosis of an intra-thoracic mass.
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The transcriptional co-activator YAP: A new player in head and neck cancer
Publication date: November 2018
Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 86
Author(s): Carmen Segrelles, Jesús M. Paramio, Corina Lorz
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP (Yes-associated protein) pathway is a key regulator of tissue growth, organ size and stem cell function. More recently, a fundamental role for this pathway has emerged in stem cell function and tumorigenesis. Activation of the transcriptional co-activator YAP promotes cell-contact independent proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell features and drug resistance. In this review, we describe the main components of the pathway, the microenvironment and the cell-intrinsic cues governing its activation, the downstream players of the pathway and the biological implications of their activation in the context of cancer. We will focus on the existing knowledge of this pathway in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC), its clinical value in this type of cancer as a marker of poor prognosis and resistance to therapy, as well as the most encouraging therapeutic strategies targeting the pathway.
Graphical abstract
The activation of the Hippo pathway effector Yes-associated protein (YAP) is modulated by different upstream cues. Phosphorylated YAP accumulates in the cytosol where it is targeted for degradation. In its active form, YAP translocates to the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional co-activator, binding to different transcription factors such as the TEA-domain transcription factor family (TEADs) to activate the transcription of tumour promoting genes. In the context of head and neck cancer, YAP activation is associated to malignant transformation, poor overall survival and disease free survival, resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and potential resistance to immunotherapy.
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Cross-Sectional Imaging and Thoracoscopic Resection of Functional Intrathoracic Paraganglioma of the Aortic Body
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2018
Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
Author(s): Nicholas C. Cleveland, Don N. Nguyen, Kanika Goel, Cassie D. Tran, Jeffrey S. Mueller
Summary
Paragangliomas are extra-adrenal tumors that are derived from neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. The rare disease has a variable presentation depending upon its anatomic location and functionality. We describe the case of a 56-year-old female patient who had an incidental mass found on imaging. The patient underwent biochemical testing and a mediastinal biopsy due to the non-specific imaging findings. The mediastinal mass was resected through hemi-sternotomy and found to be a functional paraganglioma. This case highlights the importance of radiologists to consider the prospect of paragangliomas in the differential diagnosis of an intra-thoracic mass.
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Artemisia pollen (mugwort) as a major vector for ambient LPS: brothers in harm?
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Chris Carlsten
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Global Oral Mucositis Epidemiology Insights to 2025 - ResearchAndMarkets.com
| Global Oral Mucositis Epidemiology Insights to 2025 - ResearchAndMarkets.com Daily American OnlineFull coverage |
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Artemisia pollen (mugwort) as a major vector for ambient LPS: brothers in harm?
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Chris Carlsten
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Advances in asthma in 2017: Mechanism, biologics, and genetics
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Mitchell H. Grayson, Scott Feldman, Benjamin T. Prince, Priya J. Patel, Elizabeth C. Matsui, Andrea J. Apter
Abstract
This review summarizes some of the most significant advances in asthma research over the past year. We first focus on novel discoveries in the mechanism of asthma development and exacerbation. This is followed by a discussion of potential new biomarkers, including the use of radiographic markers of disease. Several new biologics have become available to the clinician in the past year, and we summarize these advances and how they may influence the clinical delivery of asthma care. Following this, important findings in the genetics of asthma and heterogeneity in phenotypes of the disease are explored, as is the role the environment plays in shaping the development and exacerbation of asthma. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of advances in health literacy and how they will impact asthma care.
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Cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and risk of food allergy: Nationwide Swedish cohort study of more than 1 million children
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Niki Mitselou, Jenny Hallberg, Olof Stephansson, Catarina Almqvist, Erik Melén, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Background
Little is known about early-life risk factors for food allergy in children.
Objectives
We examined the association between perinatal characteristics and future risk of food allergy in offspring.
Methods
This nationwide Swedish cohort study of 1,086,378 children born in Sweden in 2001-2012 used prospectively recorded data from health care registers. Using Cox regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for the association between perinatal characteristics (eg, cesarean delivery and preterm birth) and food allergy as defined by diagnoses in the National Patient Register, adjusting for infant sex and maternal factors (age at delivery, country of birth, parity, smoking, body mass index, and asthma/pulmonary disease).
Results
During the 13-year follow-up, 26,732 (2.5%) children were given a diagnosis of food allergy. Food allergy was positively associated with cesarean delivery (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.18-1.25), large for gestational age (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10-1.19), and low 5-minute Apgar score (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10-1.36) but negatively associated with very preterm birth (<32 weeks of gestation: HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.98). No association was found between food allergy and moderately preterm birth, low birth weight, or small for gestational age. Risk estimates were similar when the outcome was restricted to 2 records of diagnosed food allergy. In 1,000 children undergoing cesarean delivery, an extra 5 developed food allergy compared with the reference group, suggesting that 17% of food allergy in children born by means of cesarean delivery can be explained by this exposure (attributable fraction).
Conclusions
Cesarean delivery was associated with increased risk of food allergy, whereas very preterm birth decreased risk.
Graphical abstract
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Rhinitis in Children and Adolescents with Asthma: Ubiquitous, Difficult to Control, and Associated with Asthma Outcomes
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Alkis Togias, Peter J. Gergen, Jack W. Hu, Denise C. Babineau, Robert A. Wood, Robyn T. Cohen, Melanie M. Makhija, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, Carolyn M. Kercsmar, Rebecca S. Gruchalla, Andrew H. Liu, Emily Wang, Haejin Kim, Carin I. Lamm, Leonard B. Bacherier, Dinesh Pillai, Steve M. Sigelman, James E. Gern, William W. Busse
Abstract
Background
Rhinitis and asthma are linked, but substantial knowledge gaps in this relationship exist.
Objective
To determine the prevalence of rhinitis and its phenotypes in children and adolescents with asthma, assess symptom severity and medication requirements for rhinitis control, and investigate associations between rhinitis and asthma.
Methods
749 children with asthma participating in the Asthma Phenotypes in the Inner-City study received baseline evaluations and were managed for 1 year with algorithm-based treatments for rhinitis and asthma. Rhinitis was diagnosed by questionnaire focusing on individual symptoms, and pre-defined phenotypes were determined by combining symptom patterns with skin testing and serum specific IgE.
Results
Analyses were done on 619 children with asthma who completed at least 4 of 6 visits. Rhinitis was present in 93.5%, and phenotypes identified at baseline were confirmed during the observation/management year. Perennial allergic rhinitis with seasonal exacerbations (PARSE) was most common (34.2%) and severe. Nonallergic rhinitis was least common (11.2%) and least severe. The majority of children remained symptomatic despite the use of nasal corticosteroids ± oral antihistamines. Rhinitis was worse in difficult-to-control vs. easy-to-control asthma and its seasonal patterns partially corresponded to those of difficult–to-control asthma.
Conclusion
Rhinitis is almost ubiquitous in urban children with asthma, and its activity tracks that of lower airway disease. PARSE is the most severe phenotype and most likely to be associated with difficult-to-control asthma. This study offers strong support to the concept that rhinitis and asthma represent the manifestations of one disease in two parts of the airways.
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Continuous erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia of multiple rib fracture surgery: case report
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition)
Author(s): Ahmet Murat Yayik, Ali Ahiskalioglu, Erkan Cem Çelik, Aysenur Ay, Atila Ozenoglu
Abstract
Introduction
The erector spinae plane block is a newly described and effective interfascial plane block for thoracic and abdominal surgery. This case report describes a patient with multiple rib fractures undergoing ultrasound-guided continuous erector spinae plane block for analgesia.
Case report
A 37-year-old male patient was taken for surgical fixation of multiple rib fractures. At the end of the surgery, using ultrasound-guided longitudinal parasagittal orientation 3 cm to the lateral aspect of the T5 spinous process and an in-plane technique, 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine was administered between the erector spinae muscle and the transverse process, and a catheter was then inserted in the same plane. Before the end of surgery, 1 g paracetamol and 50 mg dexketoprofen were administered. Postoperative analgesia was applied with patient controlled analgesia method using 0.25% bupivacaine via the catheter. The patient's Visual Analogue Scale score at rest in the first 24 h was 0. The patient was monitored for 3 days with Visual Analogue Scale < 4, and the catheter was removed on postoperative day 4. No opioid requirement other than paracetamol and dexketoprofen occurred during this time. No postoperative complications were recorded.
Discussion
The erector spinae plane block is an alternative to paravertebral, intercostal, epidural or other regional techniques. It may be a suitable technique in anesthesia and algology practice due to providing analgesia in the postoperative period with a catheter in the erector spinae plane.
Resumo
Introdução
O bloqueio do plano eretor da espinha é um bloqueio do plano interfacial recentemente descrito e eficaz para cirurgia torácica e abdominal. Neste relato descremos o caso de um paciente com fratura de múltiplas costelas, submetido ao bloqueio contínuo do plano eretor da espinha guiado por ultrassom para analgesia.
Relato de caso
Paciente do sexo masculino, 37 anos de idade, encaminhado para fixação cirúrgica de fratura de múltiplas costelas. Ao final da cirurgia, usando a orientação parassagital longitudinal guiada por ultrassom 3 cm em relação à face lateral do processo espinhoso T5 e a técnica no plano, 20 ml de bupivacaína a 0,25% foram administrados entre o músculo eretor da espinha e o processo transverso, e um cateter foi então inserido no mesmo plano. Antes do final da cirurgia, 1 g de paracetamol e 50 mg de dexcetoprofeno foram administrados. A analgesia pós-operatória foi aplicada com o método de analgesia controlada pelo paciente, com bupivacaína a 0,25% via cateter. Na Escala Visual Analógica, o escore do paciente em repouso nas primeiras 24 h foi zero. O paciente foi monitorizado por três dias com a Escala Visual Analógica < 4, e o cateter foi removido no quarto dia de pós-operatório. Exceto por paracetamol e dexcetoprofeno, não houve necessidade de outro agente opioide durante esse tempo. Não houve registro de complicação pós-operatória.
Discussão
O bloqueio do plano eretor da espinha é uma alternativa às técnicas paravertebrais, intercostais, epidurais ou outras técnicas regionais. Pode ser uma técnica adequada na prática de anestesia e algologia devido ao fornecimento de analgesia no período pós-operatório mediante um cateter no plano eretor da espinha.
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Continuous erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia of multiple rib fracture surgery: case report
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition)
Author(s): Ahmet Murat Yayik, Ali Ahiskalioglu, Erkan Cem Çelik, Aysenur Ay, Atila Ozenoglu
Abstract
Introduction
The erector spinae plane block is a newly described and effective interfascial plane block for thoracic and abdominal surgery. This case report describes a patient with multiple rib fractures undergoing ultrasound-guided continuous erector spinae plane block for analgesia.
Case report
A 37-year-old male patient was taken for surgical fixation of multiple rib fractures. At the end of the surgery, using ultrasound-guided longitudinal parasagittal orientation 3 cm to the lateral aspect of the T5 spinous process and an in-plane technique, 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine was administered between the erector spinae muscle and the transverse process, and a catheter was then inserted in the same plane. Before the end of surgery, 1 g paracetamol and 50 mg dexketoprofen were administered. Postoperative analgesia was applied with patient controlled analgesia method using 0.25% bupivacaine via the catheter. The patient's Visual Analogue Scale score at rest in the first 24 h was 0. The patient was monitored for 3 days with Visual Analogue Scale < 4, and the catheter was removed on postoperative day 4. No opioid requirement other than paracetamol and dexketoprofen occurred during this time. No postoperative complications were recorded.
Discussion
The erector spinae plane block is an alternative to paravertebral, intercostal, epidural or other regional techniques. It may be a suitable technique in anesthesia and algology practice due to providing analgesia in the postoperative period with a catheter in the erector spinae plane.
Resumo
Introdução
O bloqueio do plano eretor da espinha é um bloqueio do plano interfacial recentemente descrito e eficaz para cirurgia torácica e abdominal. Neste relato descremos o caso de um paciente com fratura de múltiplas costelas, submetido ao bloqueio contínuo do plano eretor da espinha guiado por ultrassom para analgesia.
Relato de caso
Paciente do sexo masculino, 37 anos de idade, encaminhado para fixação cirúrgica de fratura de múltiplas costelas. Ao final da cirurgia, usando a orientação parassagital longitudinal guiada por ultrassom 3 cm em relação à face lateral do processo espinhoso T5 e a técnica no plano, 20 ml de bupivacaína a 0,25% foram administrados entre o músculo eretor da espinha e o processo transverso, e um cateter foi então inserido no mesmo plano. Antes do final da cirurgia, 1 g de paracetamol e 50 mg de dexcetoprofeno foram administrados. A analgesia pós-operatória foi aplicada com o método de analgesia controlada pelo paciente, com bupivacaína a 0,25% via cateter. Na Escala Visual Analógica, o escore do paciente em repouso nas primeiras 24 h foi zero. O paciente foi monitorizado por três dias com a Escala Visual Analógica < 4, e o cateter foi removido no quarto dia de pós-operatório. Exceto por paracetamol e dexcetoprofeno, não houve necessidade de outro agente opioide durante esse tempo. Não houve registro de complicação pós-operatória.
Discussão
O bloqueio do plano eretor da espinha é uma alternativa às técnicas paravertebrais, intercostais, epidurais ou outras técnicas regionais. Pode ser uma técnica adequada na prática de anestesia e algologia devido ao fornecimento de analgesia no período pós-operatório mediante um cateter no plano eretor da espinha.
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Editorial Board
Publication date: November 2018
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Volume 53
Author(s):
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Motion-compensated reconstruction of magnetic resonance images from undersampled data
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2018
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Author(s): Daniel S. Weller, Luonan Wang, John P. Mugler, Craig H. Meyer
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of patients who find difficulty lying still or holding their breath can be challenging. Unresolved intra-frame motion yields blurring artifacts and limits spatial resolution. To correct for intra-frame non-rigid motion, such as in pediatric body imaging, this paper describes a multi-scale technique for joint estimation of the motion during the acquisition and the desired uncorrupted image. This technique regularizes the motion coefficients to enforce invertibility and minimize numerical instability. This multi-scale approach takes advantage of variable-density sampling patterns used in accelerated imaging to resolve large motion from a coarse scale. The resulting method improves image quality for a set of two-dimensional reconstructions, with independently generated deformations, with statistically significant increases in both peak signal to error ratio and structural similarity index. These improvements are consistent across varying undersampling factors and severities of motion and take advantage of the variable density sampling pattern.
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Motion-compensated reconstruction of magnetic resonance images from undersampled data
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2018
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Author(s): Daniel S. Weller, Luonan Wang, John P. Mugler, Craig H. Meyer
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of patients who find difficulty lying still or holding their breath can be challenging. Unresolved intra-frame motion yields blurring artifacts and limits spatial resolution. To correct for intra-frame non-rigid motion, such as in pediatric body imaging, this paper describes a multi-scale technique for joint estimation of the motion during the acquisition and the desired uncorrupted image. This technique regularizes the motion coefficients to enforce invertibility and minimize numerical instability. This multi-scale approach takes advantage of variable-density sampling patterns used in accelerated imaging to resolve large motion from a coarse scale. The resulting method improves image quality for a set of two-dimensional reconstructions, with independently generated deformations, with statistically significant increases in both peak signal to error ratio and structural similarity index. These improvements are consistent across varying undersampling factors and severities of motion and take advantage of the variable density sampling pattern.
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Assessment of time-resolved renal diffusion parameters over the entire cardiac cycle
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Author(s): Rotem Shlomo Lanzman, Alexandra Ljimani, Anja Müller-Lutz, Julia Weller, Julia Stabinska, Gerald Antoch, Hans-Jörg Wittsack
Abstract
Object
To assess changes diffusion properties of renal cortex over the entire cardiac cycle using electrocardiogram-gated respiratory-triggered dynamic diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).
Materials and methods
20 healthy volunteers were investigated on a 1.5 T MR scanner. Blood flow velocity within the renal arteries was determined by electrocardiogram-gated phase-contrast measurements. For dynamic renal DWI, an electrocardiogram-gated respiratory-triggered coronal single-slice EPI sequence was acquired at 14 times at 20, 70, 120, 170, …, 570, 620, 720 ms after the R-wave over the cardiac cycle. ROI measurements were performed by two authors in the renal cortex on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. A pulsatility index was calculated for ADC as maximal percentage change. Five subjects were measured twice to assess scan-rescan reproducibility.
Results
Flow measurements exhibited a minimum velocity of 15.7 ± 4.3 cm/s during the R-wave and a maximum of 43.2 ± 10.4 cm/s at 182.5 ± 48.3 ms after the R-wave. A minimal mean ADC of 2.19 ± 0.09 × 10−3 mm2/s was observed during the R-wave. A maximum mean ADC of 2.85 ± 0.20 × 10−3 mm2/s was measured 193 ± 57 ms after the R-wave. The mean ADC pulsatility index in the renal cortex was 29.9 ± 5.8%. ADC variation exhibited a significant correlation with pulsatile blood flow velocity. The scan-rescan reproducibility in this study had a low deviation of 0.3 ± 0.1%. The inter-reader reproducibility was 2.9 ± 0.6%.
Conclusion
Renal ADCs exhibit pulsatile characteristics. Due to the significant difference of systolic and diastolic ADCs, the pulsatility index can be calculated.
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Assessment of time-resolved renal diffusion parameters over the entire cardiac cycle
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Author(s): Rotem Shlomo Lanzman, Alexandra Ljimani, Anja Müller-Lutz, Julia Weller, Julia Stabinska, Gerald Antoch, Hans-Jörg Wittsack
Abstract
Object
To assess changes diffusion properties of renal cortex over the entire cardiac cycle using electrocardiogram-gated respiratory-triggered dynamic diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).
Materials and methods
20 healthy volunteers were investigated on a 1.5 T MR scanner. Blood flow velocity within the renal arteries was determined by electrocardiogram-gated phase-contrast measurements. For dynamic renal DWI, an electrocardiogram-gated respiratory-triggered coronal single-slice EPI sequence was acquired at 14 times at 20, 70, 120, 170, …, 570, 620, 720 ms after the R-wave over the cardiac cycle. ROI measurements were performed by two authors in the renal cortex on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. A pulsatility index was calculated for ADC as maximal percentage change. Five subjects were measured twice to assess scan-rescan reproducibility.
Results
Flow measurements exhibited a minimum velocity of 15.7 ± 4.3 cm/s during the R-wave and a maximum of 43.2 ± 10.4 cm/s at 182.5 ± 48.3 ms after the R-wave. A minimal mean ADC of 2.19 ± 0.09 × 10−3 mm2/s was observed during the R-wave. A maximum mean ADC of 2.85 ± 0.20 × 10−3 mm2/s was measured 193 ± 57 ms after the R-wave. The mean ADC pulsatility index in the renal cortex was 29.9 ± 5.8%. ADC variation exhibited a significant correlation with pulsatile blood flow velocity. The scan-rescan reproducibility in this study had a low deviation of 0.3 ± 0.1%. The inter-reader reproducibility was 2.9 ± 0.6%.
Conclusion
Renal ADCs exhibit pulsatile characteristics. Due to the significant difference of systolic and diastolic ADCs, the pulsatility index can be calculated.
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Trends and patterns in UK treatment seeking gamblers: 2000–2015
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): Steve Sharman, Raegan Murphy, John J.D. Turner, Amanda Roberts
Abstract
Background and aims
Gambling is an activity that for some can become disordered, with severe negative consequences. Existing literature does little to inform us regarding changing gambling habits of treatment seeking gamblers; the current study sought to measure trends and patterns in UK treatment seeking gambler behaviour and demographics over a 15-year period.
Methods
Case files for 768 gamblers seeking residential treatment with the Gordon Moody Association (GMA) were analysed, collected between 2000 and 2015. Case files comprised initial assessment questionnaires, demographic data, current gambling behaviour, mental and physical health status, and a risk assessment. Chi-squared analyses were used to measure change in categorical distribution.
Results
Prevalence of different forms of gambling identified as problematic have changed over time: Fixed Odds Betting Terminals (FOBTs), sports betting, and poker have become more common; horse and dog racing, and the National Lottery have become less common. Online gambling has also increased over time. In more recent years, gamblers are also more likely to have attempted suicide, to report a co-occurring mental health disorder, and to start treatment having already been prescribed medication.
Discussion and conclusions
This is the first study to demonstrate that UK treatment seeking gambler behaviour has changed over time; major changes relate to the forms of gambling engaged in problematically, and the mental health of disordered gamblers. Whilst much media focus is directed towards one form of gambling, this should not detract focus from other forms and associated disorders, and the impact of the legislative environment.
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Trends and patterns in UK treatment seeking gamblers: 2000–2015
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): Steve Sharman, Raegan Murphy, John J.D. Turner, Amanda Roberts
Abstract
Background and aims
Gambling is an activity that for some can become disordered, with severe negative consequences. Existing literature does little to inform us regarding changing gambling habits of treatment seeking gamblers; the current study sought to measure trends and patterns in UK treatment seeking gambler behaviour and demographics over a 15-year period.
Methods
Case files for 768 gamblers seeking residential treatment with the Gordon Moody Association (GMA) were analysed, collected between 2000 and 2015. Case files comprised initial assessment questionnaires, demographic data, current gambling behaviour, mental and physical health status, and a risk assessment. Chi-squared analyses were used to measure change in categorical distribution.
Results
Prevalence of different forms of gambling identified as problematic have changed over time: Fixed Odds Betting Terminals (FOBTs), sports betting, and poker have become more common; horse and dog racing, and the National Lottery have become less common. Online gambling has also increased over time. In more recent years, gamblers are also more likely to have attempted suicide, to report a co-occurring mental health disorder, and to start treatment having already been prescribed medication.
Discussion and conclusions
This is the first study to demonstrate that UK treatment seeking gambler behaviour has changed over time; major changes relate to the forms of gambling engaged in problematically, and the mental health of disordered gamblers. Whilst much media focus is directed towards one form of gambling, this should not detract focus from other forms and associated disorders, and the impact of the legislative environment.
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Electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) as a smoking cessation aid: A survey among pharmacy staff in Queensland, Australia
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): Daniel A. Erku, Coral E. Gartner, Jennifer Thi Do, Kylie Morphett, Kathryn J. Steadman
Abstract
Objectives
This study examined views of pharmacy staff regarding the safety of e-cigarettes compared to nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) and conventional cigarettes, as well as views on their regulation in Australia.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among pharmacy staff (64 pharmacists and 76 pharmacy assistants) from the greater Brisbane region, Queensland, Australia. The self-administered questionnaire included closed- and open-ended questions that explores pharmacy staff perception on harms of e-cigarettes versus NRT and traditional cigarettes, knowledge of current e-cigarette regulations, views on how they should be regulated and information needs regarding e-cigarettes. Pearson's chi-square test was employed for computing differences between variables. A content analysis of responses to open-ended questions was also performed.
Results
Over 90% of pharmacy staff regarded e-cigarettes without nicotine and NRTs as less harmful than regular tobacco cigarettes. This reduced to 72% for e-cigarettes containing nicotine, with 24% of respondents believing they are equally as harmful as conventional cigarettes. Moreover, few respondents were confident about the short and long term safety of e-cigarettes containing nicotine (36% and 15% respectively) whereas pharmacy staff were more comfortable with the safety of NRTs for short (88%) and long term (35%) use. The majority of respondents believed that e-cigarettes with nicotine should be regulated as a medicine, either requiring a prescription (24%) or sold only by pharmacies (22%), though many believed that they should be regulated in the same way as regular tobacco cigarettes (27%). Some pharmacy staff (39%) reported having been asked about e-cigarettes by customers and 75% believed that their customers would be interested in using e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid.
Conclusions
There is a need to provide evidence-based and customised education for pharmacists regarding e-cigarettes to help them guide their clients.
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Electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) as a smoking cessation aid: A survey among pharmacy staff in Queensland, Australia
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): Daniel A. Erku, Coral E. Gartner, Jennifer Thi Do, Kylie Morphett, Kathryn J. Steadman
Abstract
Objectives
This study examined views of pharmacy staff regarding the safety of e-cigarettes compared to nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) and conventional cigarettes, as well as views on their regulation in Australia.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among pharmacy staff (64 pharmacists and 76 pharmacy assistants) from the greater Brisbane region, Queensland, Australia. The self-administered questionnaire included closed- and open-ended questions that explores pharmacy staff perception on harms of e-cigarettes versus NRT and traditional cigarettes, knowledge of current e-cigarette regulations, views on how they should be regulated and information needs regarding e-cigarettes. Pearson's chi-square test was employed for computing differences between variables. A content analysis of responses to open-ended questions was also performed.
Results
Over 90% of pharmacy staff regarded e-cigarettes without nicotine and NRTs as less harmful than regular tobacco cigarettes. This reduced to 72% for e-cigarettes containing nicotine, with 24% of respondents believing they are equally as harmful as conventional cigarettes. Moreover, few respondents were confident about the short and long term safety of e-cigarettes containing nicotine (36% and 15% respectively) whereas pharmacy staff were more comfortable with the safety of NRTs for short (88%) and long term (35%) use. The majority of respondents believed that e-cigarettes with nicotine should be regulated as a medicine, either requiring a prescription (24%) or sold only by pharmacies (22%), though many believed that they should be regulated in the same way as regular tobacco cigarettes (27%). Some pharmacy staff (39%) reported having been asked about e-cigarettes by customers and 75% believed that their customers would be interested in using e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid.
Conclusions
There is a need to provide evidence-based and customised education for pharmacists regarding e-cigarettes to help them guide their clients.
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Modeling change trajectories with count and zero-inflated outcomes: Challenges and recommendations
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): Kevin J. Grimm, Gabriela Stegmann
Abstract
The goal of this article is to describe models to examine change over time with an outcome that represents a count, such as the number of alcoholic drinks per day. Common challenges encountered with this type of data are: (1) the outcome is discrete, may have a large number of zeroes, and may be overdispersed, (2) the data are clustered (multiple observations within each individual), (3) the researchers needs to carefully consider and choose an appropriate time metric, and (4) the researcher needs to identify both a proper individual (potentially nonlinear) change model and an appropriate distributional form that captures the properties of the data. In this article, we provide an overview of generalized linear models, generalized estimating equation models, and generalized latent variable (mixed-effects) models for longitudinal count outcomes focusing on the Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated, and hurdle distributions. We review common challenges and provide recommendations for identifying an appropriate change trajectory while determining an appropriate distributional form for the outcome (e.g., determining zero-inflation and overdispersion). We demonstrate the process of fitting and choosing a model with empirical longitudinal data on alcohol intake across adolescence collected as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997.
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Modeling change trajectories with count and zero-inflated outcomes: Challenges and recommendations
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): Kevin J. Grimm, Gabriela Stegmann
Abstract
The goal of this article is to describe models to examine change over time with an outcome that represents a count, such as the number of alcoholic drinks per day. Common challenges encountered with this type of data are: (1) the outcome is discrete, may have a large number of zeroes, and may be overdispersed, (2) the data are clustered (multiple observations within each individual), (3) the researchers needs to carefully consider and choose an appropriate time metric, and (4) the researcher needs to identify both a proper individual (potentially nonlinear) change model and an appropriate distributional form that captures the properties of the data. In this article, we provide an overview of generalized linear models, generalized estimating equation models, and generalized latent variable (mixed-effects) models for longitudinal count outcomes focusing on the Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated, and hurdle distributions. We review common challenges and provide recommendations for identifying an appropriate change trajectory while determining an appropriate distributional form for the outcome (e.g., determining zero-inflation and overdispersion). We demonstrate the process of fitting and choosing a model with empirical longitudinal data on alcohol intake across adolescence collected as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997.
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Paediatric bowel ultrasound in inflammatory bowel disease
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: European Journal of Radiology
Author(s): Claire L. Elliott, Jody Maclachlan, Isobel Beal
Abstract
Ultrasound has long been favoured as first line when imaging children, primarily due to it being a non-invasive, relatively low cost, easily accessible modality. The many advantages of ultrasound evaluation in paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) vastly outweighs its limitations in both initial assessment and long term follow up. High frequency ultrasound provides excellent spatial resolution, and Doppler evaluation and compression sonography aids in providing real-time dynamic assessment in IBD where other modalities cannot. This paper outlines our ultrasound technique to maximise image quality and diagnostic accuracy, describes the imaging findings in paediatric IBD, and explores the advantages and limitations that ultrasound offers. We aim to illustrate to the reader that ultrasound is an invaluable imaging tool and should be the first line modality when imaging IBD in the paediatric patient.
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Quantitative MRI in post-operative paediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: European Journal of Radiology
Author(s): Sebastian M. Toescu, Patrick W. Hales, Kristian Aquilina, Chris A. Clark
Abstract
Post-operative paediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS) occurs in around 25% of children undergoing surgery for cerebellar and fourth ventricular tumours. Reversible mutism is the hallmark of a syndrome which comprises severe motor, cognitive and linguistic deficits. Recent evidence from advanced neuroimaging studies has led to the current theoretical understanding of the condition as a form of diaschisis contingent on damage to efferent cerebellar circuitry. Tractography data derived from diffusion MRI studies have shown disruption of the dentato-rubro-thalamo-cortical tract in patients with pCMS, and perfusion studies have indicated widespread supratentorial regions which may give rise to the florid signs and symptoms of pCMS. Given the difficulties in predicting pCMS from standard structural MRI, this review discusses findings from quantitative MRI modalities which have contributed to our understanding of this debilitating syndrome, and considers the goals and challenges which lie ahead in the field.
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Reconstruction mammaire autologue microchirurgicale par lambeau libre perforant PAP (Profund Artery Perforator Flap) aux dépens de l’artère fémorale profonde : technique de prélèvement, modelage et résultats
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2018
Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique
Author(s): M. Hivelin, L. Lantieri
Résumé
L'utilisation de lambeaux libres perforants en reconstruction mammaire permet des reconstructions pérennes avec une morbidité réduite, offrant une meilleure qualité de vie à long terme. Ces lambeaux perforants peuvent être prélevés aux dépens des vaisseaux épigastrique inférieur profond (DIEP) et des artère glutéale supérieure (SGAP) ou inférieure (IGAP). Prélevé dans la même région que le lambeau musculocutané de gracilis à palette transverse haute (TUG), plus postérieure et sans muscle associé, la peau de la cuisse postérieure interne de la racine de la cuisse vascularisée sur des perforantes de l'artère fémorale profonde (PAP) est utilisée en reconstruction mammaire depuis 2010. Nous présentons la technique de prélèvement, branchement et modelage de ce lambeau PAP et ses résultats. Les perforantes de l'artère fémorale profonde, constantes, sont sélectionnées sur un angioscanner, puis repérée par doppler. La palette cutanée elliptique, de 20 × 7 à 10 cm, est dessinée du sillon genito-crural jusqu'au pli sous-fessier. La dissection se déroule dans un plan sous-fascial jusqu'au vaisseau perforant. Le pédicule, long de 8 à 12 cm permet des anastomoses avec les vaisseaux mammaires internes ou circonflexes scapulaires. La forme elliptique longue de la palette permet par un modelage conique une reconstruction mammaire plus naturelle. Le site donneur est peu morbide et des cicatrices sont cachées dans le pli sous-fessier. Le PAP, complété par greffe adipocytaire, est respectivement une option excellente et satisfaisante en reconstructions mammaires immédiates et différées.
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Processing of parafoveally presented words. An fMRI study
Publication date: 1 January 2019
Source: NeuroImage, Volume 184
Author(s): Lorenzo Vignali, Stefan Hawelka, Florian Hutzler, Fabio Richlan
Abstract
The present fMRI study investigated neural correlates of parafoveal preprocessing during reading and the type of information that is accessible from the upcoming - not yet fixated - word. Participants performed a lexical decision flanker task while the constraints imposed by the first three letters (the initial trigram) of parafoveally presented words were controlled. Behavioral results evidenced that the amount of information extracted from parafoveal stimuli, was affected by the difficulty of the foveal stimulus. Easy to process foveal stimuli (i.e., high frequency nouns) allowed parafoveal information to be extracted up to the lexical level. Conversely, when foveal stimuli were difficult to process (orthographically legal nonwords) only constraining trigrams modulated the task performance. Neuroimaging findings showed no effects of lexicality (i.e., difference between words and pseudowords) in the parafovea independently from the difficulty of the foveal stimulus. The constraints imposed by the initial trigrams, however, modulated the hemodynamic response in the left supramarginal gyrus. We interpreted the supramarginal activation as reflecting sublexical (phonological) processes. The missing parafoveal lexicality effect was discussed in relation to findings of experiments which observed effects of parafoveal semantic congruency on electrophysiological correlates.
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The landscape of NeuroImage-ing research
Publication date: December 2018
Source: NeuroImage, Volume 183
Author(s): Jordan D. Dworkin, Russell T. Shinohara, Danielle S. Bassett
Abstract
As the field of neuroimaging grows, it can be difficult for scientists within the field to gain and maintain a detailed understanding of its ever-changing landscape. While collaboration and citation networks highlight important contributions within the field, the roles of and relations among specific areas of study can remain quite opaque. Here, we apply techniques from network science to map the landscape of neuroimaging research documented in the journal NeuroImage over the past decade. We create a network in which nodes represent research topics, and edges give the degree to which these topics tend to be covered in tandem. The network displays small-world architecture, with communities characterized by common imaging modalities and medical applications, and with hubs that integrate these distinct subfields. Using node-level analysis, we quantify the structural roles of individual topics within the neuroimaging landscape, and find high levels of clustering within the structural MRI subfield as well as increasing participation among topics related to psychiatry. The overall prevalence of a topic is unrelated to the prevalence of its neighbors, but the degree to which a topic becomes more or less popular over time is strongly related to changes in the prevalence of its neighbors. Finally, we incorporate data from PNAS to investigate whether it serves as a trend-setter for topics' use within NeuroImage. We find that popularity trends are correlated across the two journals, and that changes in popularity tend to occur earlier within PNAS among growing topics. Broadly, this work presents a cohesive model for understanding the emergent relationships and dynamics of research topics within NeuroImage.
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Temporal Derivative Distribution Repair (TDDR): A motion correction method for fNIRS
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2018
Source: NeuroImage
Author(s): Frank A. Fishburn, Ruth S. Ludlum, Chandan J. Vaidya, Andrei V. Medvedev
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical neuroimaging technique of growing interest as a tool for investigation of cortical activity. Due to the on-head placement of optodes, artifacts arising from head motion are relatively less severe than for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, it is still necessary to remove motion artifacts. We present a novel motion correction procedure based on robust regression, which effectively removes baseline shift and spike artifacts without the need for any user-supplied parameters. Our simulations show that this method yields better activation detection performance than 5 other current motion correction methods. In our empirical validation on a working memory task in a sample of children 7–15 years, our method produced stronger and more extensive activation than any of the other methods tested. The new motion correction method enhances the viability of fNIRS as a functional neuroimaging modality for use in populations not amenable to fMRI.
Graphical abstract
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