Early exposure to cow’s milk protein is associated with a reduced risk of cow’s milk allergic outcomes.

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Rachel L. Peters, Jennifer J. Koplin, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Mimi L.K. Tang, Vicki L. McWilliam, Lyle C. Gurrin, Melanie Neeland, Adrian J. Lowe, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Katrina J. Allen

Abstract

Background

Overall early exposure to allergenic foods in the infant's diet is a new strategy for preventing food allergy to that allergen, but the optimal timing of exposure for different allergens is not known.

Objectives

We aimed to examine the relationship between exposure to cow's milk protein in the first 3 months of life and risk of cow's milk allergy at age 12 months.

Methods

HealthNuts is a longitudinal population-based food allergy study which recruited 5276 12-month old infants. Skin prick testing to cow's milk was conducted on the second half of the cohort (n=2715) and sensitisation defined as a wheal ≥ 2mm. Cow's milk allergy was defined as a parent reported reaction to cow's milk consistent with IgE-mediated allergy together with evidence of sensitisation. Early exposure to cow's milk protein was captured through parental questionnaire administered at one year of age and defined as consumption of cow's milk-based infant formula during the first 3 months of life.

Results

Forty-two percent of infants were exposed to cow's milk in the first 3 months of life (n= 1977/4712) and 87% of these infants were also breastfed. Early exposure to cow's milk protein was associated with a reduced risk of cow's milk sensitisation (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23-0.83), parent-reported reactions to cow's milk (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29-0.67) and cow's milk allergy (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10-0.91) at age 12-months. Age at exposure to cow's milk protein was not associated with the risk of other food allergies.

Conclusion

Exposure to cow's milk protein in the first 3 months of life was associated with a reduced risk of cow's milk allergy. These findings are from an observational study and clinical trials are warranted to further assess this association before any recommendations to infant feeding guidelines can be made.

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Developmental defects of the enamel and its impact on the oral health quality of life of children resident in Southwest Nigeria

Abstract

Background

Developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) increase the risk for diseases that impact negatively on the quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare the oral health quality of life of children with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH) and enamel hypoplasia; and assess if caries worsened the impact of these lesions on the quality of life.

Methods

This study recruited 853 6 to 16-years-old school children. They filled the Child-OIDP questionnaire. The MIH, enamel hypoplasia, caries and oral hygiene status was assessed. Poisson regression was used to determine the impact of MIH and enamel hypoplasia on the oral health quality of life, after adjusting for the effect of sex, age, socioeconomic class, oral hygiene and caries status.

Results

The prevalence of MIH and enamel hypoplasia was 2.9% and 7.6% respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean child-OIDP scores of children with or without MIH (p = 0.57), children with or without enamel hypoplasia (p = 0.48), and children with enamel hypoplasia with and without caries (p = 0.30). Children with enamel hypoplasia and caries had worse outcomes for speaking (p = 0.01). Children with middle (AOR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.60–4.67; P < 0.01) and low (AOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.04–2.95; p = 0.03) socioeconomic status, and those with caries (AOR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.26–3.22; p = 0.03) had their oral health quality of life negatively impacted.

Conclusion

MIH and enamel hypoplasia had no significant impact on the overall oral health quality of life of children resident in southwestern Nigeria. However, children with caries and those from middle and low socioeconomic classes had poorer oral health quality of life.

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Phenotypes of Recurrent Wheezing in Preschool Children: Identification by Latent Class Analysis and Utility in Prediction of Future Exacerbation

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Anne M. Fitzpatrick, Leonard B. Bacharier, Theresa W. Guilbert, Daniel J. Jackson, Stanley J. Szefler, Avraham Beigelman, Michael D. Cabana, Ronina Covar, Fernando Holguin, Robert F. Lemanske, Fernando D. Martinez, Wayne Morgan, Wanda Phipatanakul, Jacqueline A. Pongracic, Robert S. Zeiger, David T. Mauger, NIH/NHLBI AsthmaNet

Abstract

Background

Recurrent preschool wheezing is a heterogeneous disorder with significant morbidity, yet little is known about phenotypic determinants and their impact on clinical outcomes.

Objective

Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify latent classes of recurrent preschool wheeze and their association with future exacerbations and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment response.

Methods

Data from five clinical trials of 1,708 children age 12-71 months with recurrent wheezing were merged. LCA was performed on 10 demographic, exposure and sensitization variables to determine the optimal number of latent classes. The primary outcome was the annualized rate of wheezing exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids during the study intervention period; the secondary outcome was the time to first exacerbation. Exploratory analyses examined the effect of daily ICS treatment on exacerbation outcomes.

Results

Four latent classes of recurrent wheezing were identified; these were not distinguished by current symptoms or historical exacerbations but differed with regard to allergen sensitization and/or exposures. Annualized exacerbation rates (mean ± SEM/year) were 0.65 ± 0.06 for class 1 ("minimal sensitization"), 0.93 ± 0.10 for class 2 ("sensitization with indoor pet exposure"), 0.60 ± 0.07 for class 3 ("sensitization with tobacco smoke exposure"), and 0.81 ± 0.10 for class 4 ("multiple sensitization and eczema") (p < 0.001). In a research setting of high adherence, daily ICS treatment improved exacerbation rates in classes 2 and 4 but not the other groups.

Conclusion

Sensitization and exposure assessments are useful in the prediction of future exacerbation and may identify children most likely to respond favorably to daily ICS treatment.

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Long-term Outcome of Peanut Oral Immunotherapy Facilitated Initially by Omalizumab

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Christina S.K. Yee, Sultan Albuhairi, Elizabeth Noh, Kristel El-Khoury, Shervin Rezaei, Azza Abdel-Gadir, Dale T. Umetsu, Elizabeth Burke-Roberts, Jennifer LeBovidge, Lynda Schneider, Rima Rachid

Abstract

Background

We successfully used omalizumab to faciliate peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) in children with reactivity to ≤50mg peanut protein and with high peanut-IgE (median 229 kU/L).

Objective

We report on long-term OIT outcomes in these patients, including dosing changes, adverse events, peanut immunoglobulin changes and quality of life (QoL).

Methods

Patients were followed for up to 72 months (67 months maintenance). Outcomes were collected on peanut dose amount, form and frequency, as well as adverse events, (QoL), and laboratory studies.

Results

Of 13 patients initially enrolled, 7 patients (54%) continued on peanut OIT through month 72; 6 (46%) discontinued therapy because of adverse reactions. Maintenance peanut protein dose varied between 500-3,500mg. Most patients consumed different peanut-containing products. All patients experienced at least one adverse event, and one patient developed eosinophilic eosphagitis. Peanut- IgE, Arah1-IgE and Arah2-IgE, peanut-SPT, Peanut-IgE:IgE ratio, and Arah2-IgE:Arah2-IgG4 ratio decreased on OIT. Peanut-IgG4, Arah1-IgG4, Arah2-IgG4 initially increased on OIT then decreased, though not falling to baseline levels. In patients who stopped OIT, there was a trend for reversal of these biomarker changes. Higher peanut-IgE and Arah2-IgE at study month 12 was associated with discontinuation. Patient and parent QoL improved from baseline, even in patients who discontinued OIT.

Conclusion

While adjunctive omalizumab allowed for faster and successful desensitization in patients with high peanut-IgE, almost half of patients discontinued OIT within 72 months because of reactions. Patients who stopped therapy had higher month 12 peanut-IgE and Arah2-IgE. It is possible that these patients might benefit from longer omalizumab administration.

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Early exposure to cow’s milk protein is associated with a reduced risk of cow’s milk allergic outcomes.

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Rachel L. Peters, Jennifer J. Koplin, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Mimi L.K. Tang, Vicki L. McWilliam, Lyle C. Gurrin, Melanie Neeland, Adrian J. Lowe, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Katrina J. Allen

Abstract

Background

Overall early exposure to allergenic foods in the infant's diet is a new strategy for preventing food allergy to that allergen, but the optimal timing of exposure for different allergens is not known.

Objectives

We aimed to examine the relationship between exposure to cow's milk protein in the first 3 months of life and risk of cow's milk allergy at age 12 months.

Methods

HealthNuts is a longitudinal population-based food allergy study which recruited 5276 12-month old infants. Skin prick testing to cow's milk was conducted on the second half of the cohort (n=2715) and sensitisation defined as a wheal ≥ 2mm. Cow's milk allergy was defined as a parent reported reaction to cow's milk consistent with IgE-mediated allergy together with evidence of sensitisation. Early exposure to cow's milk protein was captured through parental questionnaire administered at one year of age and defined as consumption of cow's milk-based infant formula during the first 3 months of life.

Results

Forty-two percent of infants were exposed to cow's milk in the first 3 months of life (n= 1977/4712) and 87% of these infants were also breastfed. Early exposure to cow's milk protein was associated with a reduced risk of cow's milk sensitisation (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23-0.83), parent-reported reactions to cow's milk (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29-0.67) and cow's milk allergy (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10-0.91) at age 12-months. Age at exposure to cow's milk protein was not associated with the risk of other food allergies.

Conclusion

Exposure to cow's milk protein in the first 3 months of life was associated with a reduced risk of cow's milk allergy. These findings are from an observational study and clinical trials are warranted to further assess this association before any recommendations to infant feeding guidelines can be made.

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Interferon Gamma and Interleukin 8 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Hepatitis C virus related Oral Lichen Planus

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Noha A. Azab, Lobna Abd El Salam, Enji Ahmed, Marwa El Sharkawy, Aisha ElSharkawy, Shahira G. El Asheiry

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the association of rs2430561 and rs4073 polymorphisms in the Interferon gamma (IFN-ɤ) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) genes, respectively, with hepatitis C virus-related oral lichen planus and disease severity.

Design

This is a case-control study. 60 subjects were equally divided into patients with and without oral lichen planus. They were further subdivided into hepatitis C virus seropositive and seronegative patients. All patients were genotyped for IFN-γ rs2430561 thymine to adenine (T > A) and IL-8 rs4073 adenine to thymine (A > T) polymorphisms. All patients with oral lichen planus had their lesions measured and documented using the Escudier scoring system.

Results

Disease activity was significantly higher in the "oral lichen planus/hepatitis C virus-positive" patients than in the "oral lichen planus/hepatitis C virus-negative" patients (P = 0.003). IFN-γ rs2430561 T > A and IL-8 rs4073 A > T genotypes and allele frequencies were not associated with the oral lichen planus group or the normal group. Stratification of the two groups into HCV and non-HCV-infected patients or into erosive and non-erosive types revealed no significant associations. The "A-allele-containing" genotypes of IL-8 rs4073 A > T were significantly more prevalent in the patients with oral lichen planus than in those without.

Conclusion

Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of erosive oral lichen planus. The A-allele of IL-8 rs4073 A > T may have a role in the development and progression of oral lichen planus.

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Evaluation of immunophenotyping, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of SSEA-4 positive stem cells derived from pulp of deciduous teeth

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Farzaneh Aghajani, Somaieh Kazemnejad, Tabassom Hooshmand, Zahra Ghaempanah, Amir-Hassan Zarnani

Abstract

Objectives

Despite the increased interest in stem cells isolated from remnant pulp of deciduous teeth, no specific marker has been yet established for them. The present study aimed to investigate whether SSEA-4 (stage-specific embryonic antigen) would be a suitable marker to isolate stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHEDs) in order to increase its differentiation potential toward osseous tissue.

Design

The SHEDs were isolated and the expression patterns of mesenchymal, hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell markers were assessed. The cells were then divided into two groups of SSEA-4(+) and unsorted SHEDs and the cell proliferation rate and population-doubling-time (PDT) were calculated. Subsequently, the differentiation potentials were examined through alizarin-red staining and Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results

Isolated cells were spindle-shaped with a high expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers and weak expression of hematopoietic markers. The mean expression of Oct-4 was 68.77%±1.28. Despite similar proliferation rates between SSEA-4(+) and unsorted SHEDs, because of differences in the shape of the growth curves, PDT was lower in unsorted SHEDs (P = 0.2 × 10^-4). Alizarin-red staining showed similar calcium deposition in both groups. Upon differentiation, the expression of osteocalcin was higher in unsorted SHEDs (P = 0.043), while, the expression of alkaline phosphatase was lower (P<0.001). The parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) expression was not significantly different (P = 0.0625).

Conclusions

The results of the present study revealed that SHEDs have high differentiation potentials even in the unsorted cells. Although, the SSEA-4-positive SHEDs showed slightly better osteogenic potential, the differences were not abundant to link SSEA-4 expression with superior differentiation potency.

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Interferon Gamma and Interleukin 8 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Hepatitis C virus related Oral Lichen Planus

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Noha A. Azab, Lobna Abd El Salam, Enji Ahmed, Marwa El Sharkawy, Aisha ElSharkawy, Shahira G. El Asheiry

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the association of rs2430561 and rs4073 polymorphisms in the Interferon gamma (IFN-ɤ) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) genes, respectively, with hepatitis C virus-related oral lichen planus and disease severity.

Design

This is a case-control study. 60 subjects were equally divided into patients with and without oral lichen planus. They were further subdivided into hepatitis C virus seropositive and seronegative patients. All patients were genotyped for IFN-γ rs2430561 thymine to adenine (T > A) and IL-8 rs4073 adenine to thymine (A > T) polymorphisms. All patients with oral lichen planus had their lesions measured and documented using the Escudier scoring system.

Results

Disease activity was significantly higher in the "oral lichen planus/hepatitis C virus-positive" patients than in the "oral lichen planus/hepatitis C virus-negative" patients (P = 0.003). IFN-γ rs2430561 T > A and IL-8 rs4073 A > T genotypes and allele frequencies were not associated with the oral lichen planus group or the normal group. Stratification of the two groups into HCV and non-HCV-infected patients or into erosive and non-erosive types revealed no significant associations. The "A-allele-containing" genotypes of IL-8 rs4073 A > T were significantly more prevalent in the patients with oral lichen planus than in those without.

Conclusion

Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of erosive oral lichen planus. The A-allele of IL-8 rs4073 A > T may have a role in the development and progression of oral lichen planus.

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Evaluation of immunophenotyping, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of SSEA-4 positive stem cells derived from pulp of deciduous teeth

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Farzaneh Aghajani, Somaieh Kazemnejad, Tabassom Hooshmand, Zahra Ghaempanah, Amir-Hassan Zarnani

Abstract

Objectives

Despite the increased interest in stem cells isolated from remnant pulp of deciduous teeth, no specific marker has been yet established for them. The present study aimed to investigate whether SSEA-4 (stage-specific embryonic antigen) would be a suitable marker to isolate stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHEDs) in order to increase its differentiation potential toward osseous tissue.

Design

The SHEDs were isolated and the expression patterns of mesenchymal, hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell markers were assessed. The cells were then divided into two groups of SSEA-4(+) and unsorted SHEDs and the cell proliferation rate and population-doubling-time (PDT) were calculated. Subsequently, the differentiation potentials were examined through alizarin-red staining and Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results

Isolated cells were spindle-shaped with a high expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers and weak expression of hematopoietic markers. The mean expression of Oct-4 was 68.77%±1.28. Despite similar proliferation rates between SSEA-4(+) and unsorted SHEDs, because of differences in the shape of the growth curves, PDT was lower in unsorted SHEDs (P = 0.2 × 10^-4). Alizarin-red staining showed similar calcium deposition in both groups. Upon differentiation, the expression of osteocalcin was higher in unsorted SHEDs (P = 0.043), while, the expression of alkaline phosphatase was lower (P<0.001). The parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) expression was not significantly different (P = 0.0625).

Conclusions

The results of the present study revealed that SHEDs have high differentiation potentials even in the unsorted cells. Although, the SSEA-4-positive SHEDs showed slightly better osteogenic potential, the differences were not abundant to link SSEA-4 expression with superior differentiation potency.

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How far have we reached in development of effective influenza vaccine?

Authors: Looi QH, Foo JB, Lim MT, Le CF, Show PL Abstract Despite of ongoing research programs and numerous clinical trials, seasonal influenza epidemics remain a major concern globally. Vaccination remains the most effective method to prevent influenza infection. However, current flu vaccines have several limitations, including limited vaccine capacity, long production times, inconsistence efficacy in certain populations, and lack of a "universal" solution. Different next-generation approaches such as cell line-based culture, reverse genetics, and virus expression technology are currently under development to address the aforementioned challenges in conventional vaccine manufacture pipeline. Such approaches hope for safe and scalable production, induce broad-spectrum immunity, cre...

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Clinical Manifestations and Characteristics of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Varicella Zoster Virus-Related Corneal Endotheliitis.

CONCLUSION: VZV-related corneal endotheliitis is remarkably difficult to detect clinically. Most cases have no typical skin lesions. The typical clinical feature is that of segmental iris atrophy and mixed KPs. PMID: 30252558 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ocular Immunology and Inflammation)

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Clinical Manifestations and Characteristics of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Varicella Zoster Virus-Related Corneal Endotheliitis.

CONCLUSION: VZV-related corneal endotheliitis is remarkably difficult to detect clinically. Most cases have no typical skin lesions. The typical clinical feature is that of segmental iris atrophy and mixed KPs. PMID: 30252558 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ocular Immunology and Inflammation)

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2xHxMln

How far have we reached in development of effective influenza vaccine?

Authors: Looi QH, Foo JB, Lim MT, Le CF, Show PL Abstract Despite of ongoing research programs and numerous clinical trials, seasonal influenza epidemics remain a major concern globally. Vaccination remains the most effective method to prevent influenza infection. However, current flu vaccines have several limitations, including limited vaccine capacity, long production times, inconsistence efficacy in certain populations, and lack of a "universal" solution. Different next-generation approaches such as cell line-based culture, reverse genetics, and virus expression technology are currently under development to address the aforementioned challenges in conventional vaccine manufacture pipeline. Such approaches hope for safe and scalable production, induce broad-spectrum immunity, cre...

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[pollen food allergy syndrome in a five-year-old boy after moving house at the foot of the mountain: a case report].

We report the case of a boy with a history of atopic dermatitis starting in infancy. At the age of four, his family moved into a newly built house at the foot of a mountain. One year later, he was diagnosed with Japanese Cedar pollinosis. During the same year, in March, he began to experience oral symptoms, hoarseness, and coughing, after eating multiple types of fruits and vegetables, like soybeans, apples, etc. His tests for Bet v1 and the pathogenesis-related protein-10 (PR-10) of the corresponding foods were positive; accordingly, he was diagnosed with Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome (PFAS). In order to investigate the relationship between pollen and food allergies, we counted the pollen grains dispersed at the patient's house during a period of one year and measured his specific IgE tite...

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[genetic factors for the development of allergic disorders].

[GENETIC FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALLERGIC DISORDERS]. Arerugi. 2018;67(8):1006-1010 Authors: Tamari M, Hirota T PMID: 30249949 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Arerugi)

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[genetic factors for the development of allergic disorders].

[GENETIC FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALLERGIC DISORDERS]. Arerugi. 2018;67(8):1006-1010 Authors: Tamari M, Hirota T PMID: 30249949 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Arerugi)

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[clinical allergy will get more interesting if you understand molecular allergology].

[CLINICAL ALLERGY WILL GET MORE INTERESTING IF YOU UNDERSTAND MOLECULAR ALLERGOLOGY]. Arerugi. 2018;67(8):996-1002 Authors: Kondo Y PMID: 30249959 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Arerugi)

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[clinical allergy will get more interesting if you understand molecular allergology].

[CLINICAL ALLERGY WILL GET MORE INTERESTING IF YOU UNDERSTAND MOLECULAR ALLERGOLOGY]. Arerugi. 2018;67(8):996-1002 Authors: Kondo Y PMID: 30249959 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Arerugi)

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[pollen food allergy syndrome in a five-year-old boy after moving house at the foot of the mountain: a case report].

We report the case of a boy with a history of atopic dermatitis starting in infancy. At the age of four, his family moved into a newly built house at the foot of a mountain. One year later, he was diagnosed with Japanese Cedar pollinosis. During the same year, in March, he began to experience oral symptoms, hoarseness, and coughing, after eating multiple types of fruits and vegetables, like soybeans, apples, etc. His tests for Bet v1 and the pathogenesis-related protein-10 (PR-10) of the corresponding foods were positive; accordingly, he was diagnosed with Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome (PFAS). In order to investigate the relationship between pollen and food allergies, we counted the pollen grains dispersed at the patient's house during a period of one year and measured his specific IgE tite...

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Urticaria as a Rare Side Effect of Polyethylene Glycol-3350 in a Child: Case Report.

Authors: Sari Gökay S, Çelik T, Yusuf Sari M, Ekinci F, Dinçer Yildizdaş R, Levent Yilmaz H Abstract Polyethylene glycol electrolyte (PEG-3350) solution is usually used for bowel emptying before colonoscopy in adults. It has also been reported to be safe in children. It is thought that bowel irrigation with this solution can be a useful treatment alternative for poisoning with slow releasing drugs, swallowed packaged substances, enteric coated drugs, drugs not binding to charcoal, and heavy metals in children. Due to high molecular weight of PEG-3350, its absorption from the in-testinal mucosa is very low (0.2%). Therefore, it is less likely to have side effects. A three-year-old girl bit and ate one-third of an alkali battery and was brought to our pediatric emergency unit. Vi...

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The Role of Pai-1 Gene 4g/5g Polymorphism and Diagnostic Value of Biomarkers in Allergic and Non-Allergic Asthma Phenotype.

Authors: Lampalo M, Jukić I, Bingulac-Popović J, Safić H, Ferara N, Popović-Grle S Abstract Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by reversible obstruction of airways, bronchial hyper-reactivity and airway remodeling. The etiology of asthma is multifactorial, with inheritance playing an important role. The aim of our study was to investigate the importance of biomarkers of asthma and the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene as a genetic factor that could be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The research was conducted at Jordanovac University Department for Lung Diseases and Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine. The research included 149 patients with asthma and 89 healthy individuals. We collected demographic data of both s...

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Allergic Diseases and Atopy Among Schoolchildren in Eastern Croatia.

Authors: Aberle N, Kljaić Bukvić B, Blekić M, Vučković M, Bardak D, Gudelj A, Čančarević G, Franić M Abstract A cross-sectional study was carried out in Brod-Posavina County, Croatia, to assess the prevalence of allergic diseases and atopy, as well as to investigate the possible etiologic factors for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in childhood. The study included 1687 schoolchildren aged 10-11 years. Data were collected using standardized International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II written questionnaire. Skin prick tests were performed to provide an objective measure of atopy, defined as skin reactivity to one or more allergens. Lifetime prevalence of wheezing was 22.7%, rhinitis symptoms 22.5%, and eczema symptoms 17.9%. Period prevalen...

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Management of spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leak: A 30-year experience

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Esther Cheng, David Grande, John Leonetti

Abstract

Purpose

The goal of this study was to describe the incidence of and our long-term results in the management of spontaneous temporal bone CSF leak and to determine if there is any association with an increase in body mass index (BMI).

Methods

This was an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective review of 58 patients who underwent repair of spontaneous temporal bone CSF leaks by a single surgeon at a tertiary care academic medical center between 1988 and 2017. Patients with CSF leaks due to trauma, iatrogenic injury, or chronic infection were excluded. Surgical approaches included middle cranial fossa, transmastoid, or a combination of both. Cases were divided into three decades. Patient demographics, clinical features, audiologic results, imaging studies, operative findings, complications, and long-term results were reviewed with a specific emphasis on the potential correlation with BMI.

Results

The average BMI was 32. There was a statistically significant increase in BMI between the two most recent decades (p = 0.044). The middle cranial fossa was the most commonly utilized approach. Multiple tegmen defects were often noted on imaging and intraoperatively.

Conclusion

There is an increase in the incidence of spontaneous CSF leaks possibly associated with an increase in BMI in the United States over the last 30 years.

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Audiological outcomes in sudden sensorineural hearing loss with presumed inner ear hemorrhage

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Kaitian Chen, Lanying Wen, Ling Zong, Min Liu, Jincangjian Sun, Xuan Wu

Abstract

Objective

To explore the hearing outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss resulting from inner ear hemorrhage.

Methods

42 patients (22 male and 20 female) were recruited from January 2016 to December 2017. Intravenous methylprednisolone and/or intratympanic corticosteroid were used as salvage therapy. The main measures included systemic risk factors and audiometric outcomes as proposed by American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Hearing Loss Scale. All individuals were assessed at baseline, discharge (2 weeks post-treatment) and at 1, 3 and 6 months.

Results

The mean ages of patients were 39.3 ± 14.8 yrs. Cardiovascular disorders were seen in 19.0–33.3% of cases. Restoration of hearing and speech discrimination abilities were assessed at the first month post-treatment versus initial levels (95.5 ± 15.5 vs. 109.2 ± 9.6 dB, p = 0.000; and 17.6 ± 24.4 vs. 1.3 ± 4.0%, p = 0.003, respectively). Word recognition scores continued to recover at month 6 (38.7 ± 35.4%, p = 0.000), whereas puretone ceased to change (90.8 ± 16.2 dB, p = 0.139). The final percentages of complete, partial and no recovery were 0%, 57.1% and 42.9% respectively. The prognosis was independent of accompanying systemic risk factors as analyzed in this study. Intratympanic intervention was associated with improved word recognition scores, although intravenous corticosteroid was not.

Conclusions

Profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss caused by inner ear hemorrhage often has an unsatisfactory prognosis. However, this cohort did experience partial audiological recovery with delayed onset. Immediate and effective intratympanic corticosteroid may have therapeutic potential for this intractable disease.

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Urticaria as a Rare Side Effect of Polyethylene Glycol-3350 in a Child: Case Report.

Authors: Sari Gökay S, Çelik T, Yusuf Sari M, Ekinci F, Dinçer Yildizdaş R, Levent Yilmaz H Abstract Polyethylene glycol electrolyte (PEG-3350) solution is usually used for bowel emptying before colonoscopy in adults. It has also been reported to be safe in children. It is thought that bowel irrigation with this solution can be a useful treatment alternative for poisoning with slow releasing drugs, swallowed packaged substances, enteric coated drugs, drugs not binding to charcoal, and heavy metals in children. Due to high molecular weight of PEG-3350, its absorption from the in-testinal mucosa is very low (0.2%). Therefore, it is less likely to have side effects. A three-year-old girl bit and ate one-third of an alkali battery and was brought to our pediatric emergency unit. Vi...

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The Role of Pai-1 Gene 4g/5g Polymorphism and Diagnostic Value of Biomarkers in Allergic and Non-Allergic Asthma Phenotype.

Authors: Lampalo M, Jukić I, Bingulac-Popović J, Safić H, Ferara N, Popović-Grle S Abstract Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by reversible obstruction of airways, bronchial hyper-reactivity and airway remodeling. The etiology of asthma is multifactorial, with inheritance playing an important role. The aim of our study was to investigate the importance of biomarkers of asthma and the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene as a genetic factor that could be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The research was conducted at Jordanovac University Department for Lung Diseases and Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine. The research included 149 patients with asthma and 89 healthy individuals. We collected demographic data of both s...

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Allergic Diseases and Atopy Among Schoolchildren in Eastern Croatia.

Authors: Aberle N, Kljaić Bukvić B, Blekić M, Vučković M, Bardak D, Gudelj A, Čančarević G, Franić M Abstract A cross-sectional study was carried out in Brod-Posavina County, Croatia, to assess the prevalence of allergic diseases and atopy, as well as to investigate the possible etiologic factors for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in childhood. The study included 1687 schoolchildren aged 10-11 years. Data were collected using standardized International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II written questionnaire. Skin prick tests were performed to provide an objective measure of atopy, defined as skin reactivity to one or more allergens. Lifetime prevalence of wheezing was 22.7%, rhinitis symptoms 22.5%, and eczema symptoms 17.9%. Period prevalen...

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Management of spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leak: A 30-year experience

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Esther Cheng, David Grande, John Leonetti

Abstract

Purpose

The goal of this study was to describe the incidence of and our long-term results in the management of spontaneous temporal bone CSF leak and to determine if there is any association with an increase in body mass index (BMI).

Methods

This was an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective review of 58 patients who underwent repair of spontaneous temporal bone CSF leaks by a single surgeon at a tertiary care academic medical center between 1988 and 2017. Patients with CSF leaks due to trauma, iatrogenic injury, or chronic infection were excluded. Surgical approaches included middle cranial fossa, transmastoid, or a combination of both. Cases were divided into three decades. Patient demographics, clinical features, audiologic results, imaging studies, operative findings, complications, and long-term results were reviewed with a specific emphasis on the potential correlation with BMI.

Results

The average BMI was 32. There was a statistically significant increase in BMI between the two most recent decades (p = 0.044). The middle cranial fossa was the most commonly utilized approach. Multiple tegmen defects were often noted on imaging and intraoperatively.

Conclusion

There is an increase in the incidence of spontaneous CSF leaks possibly associated with an increase in BMI in the United States over the last 30 years.

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Audiological outcomes in sudden sensorineural hearing loss with presumed inner ear hemorrhage

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Kaitian Chen, Lanying Wen, Ling Zong, Min Liu, Jincangjian Sun, Xuan Wu

Abstract

Objective

To explore the hearing outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss resulting from inner ear hemorrhage.

Methods

42 patients (22 male and 20 female) were recruited from January 2016 to December 2017. Intravenous methylprednisolone and/or intratympanic corticosteroid were used as salvage therapy. The main measures included systemic risk factors and audiometric outcomes as proposed by American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Hearing Loss Scale. All individuals were assessed at baseline, discharge (2 weeks post-treatment) and at 1, 3 and 6 months.

Results

The mean ages of patients were 39.3 ± 14.8 yrs. Cardiovascular disorders were seen in 19.0–33.3% of cases. Restoration of hearing and speech discrimination abilities were assessed at the first month post-treatment versus initial levels (95.5 ± 15.5 vs. 109.2 ± 9.6 dB, p = 0.000; and 17.6 ± 24.4 vs. 1.3 ± 4.0%, p = 0.003, respectively). Word recognition scores continued to recover at month 6 (38.7 ± 35.4%, p = 0.000), whereas puretone ceased to change (90.8 ± 16.2 dB, p = 0.139). The final percentages of complete, partial and no recovery were 0%, 57.1% and 42.9% respectively. The prognosis was independent of accompanying systemic risk factors as analyzed in this study. Intratympanic intervention was associated with improved word recognition scores, although intravenous corticosteroid was not.

Conclusions

Profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss caused by inner ear hemorrhage often has an unsatisfactory prognosis. However, this cohort did experience partial audiological recovery with delayed onset. Immediate and effective intratympanic corticosteroid may have therapeutic potential for this intractable disease.

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Editorial Board

Publication date: October 2018

Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 56, Issue 8

Author(s):

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Training Groups

Publication date: October 2018

Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 56, Issue 8

Author(s):

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Training Groups

Publication date: October 2018

Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 56, Issue 8

Author(s):

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Editorial Board

Publication date: October 2018

Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 56, Issue 8

Author(s):

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Update on Modalities and Techniques for Labor Epidural Analgesia and Anesthesia

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Anthony Chau, Lawrence C. Tsen

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Update on Modalities and Techniques for Labor Epidural Analgesia and Anesthesia

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Anthony Chau, Lawrence C. Tsen

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Patient Satisfaction in Anesthesia: Implementation, Relevance, and Identification of Meaningful Measures

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Anum Wazir, Aesha Shukla, Richard P. Dutton

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Patient Satisfaction in Anesthesia: Implementation, Relevance, and Identification of Meaningful Measures

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Anum Wazir, Aesha Shukla, Richard P. Dutton

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Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Noncardiac Surgery

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): James A. Nelson, William J. Mauermann, David W. Barbara

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Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Noncardiac Surgery

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): James A. Nelson, William J. Mauermann, David W. Barbara

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Emergency Preparedness and Mass Casualty Considerations for Anesthesiologists

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Catherine M. Kuza, Joseph H. McIsaac

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Emergency Preparedness and Mass Casualty Considerations for Anesthesiologists

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Catherine M. Kuza, Joseph H. McIsaac

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Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Nicholas Statzer, Kenneth C. Cummings

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Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Nicholas Statzer, Kenneth C. Cummings

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Trends in Anesthesia-Related Liability and Lessons Learned

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Juan C. Mora, Alan D. Kaye, Matthew L. Romankowski, Paul J. Delahoussaye, Richard D. Urman, Rene Przkora

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Trends in Anesthesia-Related Liability and Lessons Learned

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Juan C. Mora, Alan D. Kaye, Matthew L. Romankowski, Paul J. Delahoussaye, Richard D. Urman, Rene Przkora

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Neurocognitive Impact of Anesthesia in Children

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Susan Lei, Riva Ko, Lena S. Sun

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Neurocognitive Impact of Anesthesia in Children

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Susan Lei, Riva Ko, Lena S. Sun

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Cardiac Dysrhythmias: Understanding Mechanisms, Drug Treatments, and Novel Therapies

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Emily Methangkool, Kimberly Howard-Quijano, Aman Mahajan

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Cardiac Dysrhythmias: Understanding Mechanisms, Drug Treatments, and Novel Therapies

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Emily Methangkool, Kimberly Howard-Quijano, Aman Mahajan

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Care of the Severely Injured Orthopedic Trauma Patient: Considerations for Initial Management, Operative Timing, and Ongoing Resuscitation

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Justin E. Richards, Bianca M. Conti, Thomas E. Grissom

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Care of the Severely Injured Orthopedic Trauma Patient: Considerations for Initial Management, Operative Timing, and Ongoing Resuscitation

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Justin E. Richards, Bianca M. Conti, Thomas E. Grissom

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Updates in the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Anthony L. Kovac

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Updates in the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Advances in Anesthesia

Author(s): Anthony L. Kovac

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Efficacy of Feracrylum as Topical Hemostatic Agent in Therapeutically Anticoagulated Patients Undergoing Dental Extraction: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Aims and Objective

To compare the efficacy of feracrylum with tranexamic acid (TXA), following dental extraction in patients who are therapeutically anticoagulated with warfarin.

Study Design

Sixty patients on warfarin were randomly divided into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 patients were given feracrylum (1%), and TXA (5%) solution pressure pack and a control group (Group 3) was given normal saline (NS) pressure pack after extraction. Postoperative bleeding was assessed and graded numerically and periodically (0, 1, 2, 5 and 7 days). The values were statistically analyzed.

Results

Sixty patients (M:F::37:23) with a mean age of 56 years who were therapeutically anticoagulated for different medical conditions were included. The mean warfarin dosage was 3.5 mg, and the mean INR was 2.83. Out of 27 patients who showed bleeding on day of extraction, eight, ten and nine patients belonged to groups I, II and III, respectively, and the difference was nonsignificant. Out of 15 patients who showed bleeding on post-extraction day 1, one, five and nine patients belonged to groups I, II and III, respectively. The difference was statistically significant on day 1 and nonsignificant in the next follow-ups.

Conclusion

Local hemostatic agents like TXA and feracrylum arrest bleeding without having any systemic action and without the necessity of altering the anticoagulant regimen. Feracrylum has an added advantage of a single application, formation of a mechanical barrier and an additional antimicrobial effect. These agents should be incorporated in the protocol for managing patients on oral anticoagulants.

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Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used by the Bhil and Bhilala ethnic community in dermatological disorders in Western Madhya Pradesh, India

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Journal of Herbal Medicine

Author(s): Vijay V. Wagh, Ashok K. Jain

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ethnobotanical surveys are a key means of preserving indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants and their application within traditional medical systems. The present survey was undertaken within the Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh, India, to collect information from the Bhil and Bhilala tribes on the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of dermatological diseases.

Material and methods

The ethnobotanical data was collected from local traditional healers in 39 villages within the Jhabua district of western Madhya Pradesh, using standard ethnobotanical methods. The Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL) and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) were calculated in order to analyse the data collected and results were compared to prior ethnobotanical surveys relating to dermatological conditions conducted within India.

Results

A total of 116 plant species of 103 genera, belonging to 58 families were identified as used in the treatment of a total of 21 different dermatological disorders. UV ranged from Punica granatum, with the highest value of 2.41 to Rumex dentatus, with the lowest UV of 0.11. The highest FL of 100% was found for 17 plant species, and the ICF was found to range from 0.20 (leukoderma) to 1 (mouth ulcers).

Conclusions

The survey was able to identify and record the broad range of medicinal plants and practices used by the Bhil and Bhilala people in their treatment of dermatological conditions. The data collected is valuable, not only as part of the process of documenting and preserving a traditional knowledge and culture in danger of being lost, but also in its provision of a broad selection of medicinal plants that could be subjected to further pharmacological and clinical investigation for their potential role in the treatment of dermatological conditions.

Graphical abstract

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Efficacy of Feracrylum as Topical Hemostatic Agent in Therapeutically Anticoagulated Patients Undergoing Dental Extraction: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Aims and Objective

To compare the efficacy of feracrylum with tranexamic acid (TXA), following dental extraction in patients who are therapeutically anticoagulated with warfarin.

Study Design

Sixty patients on warfarin were randomly divided into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 patients were given feracrylum (1%), and TXA (5%) solution pressure pack and a control group (Group 3) was given normal saline (NS) pressure pack after extraction. Postoperative bleeding was assessed and graded numerically and periodically (0, 1, 2, 5 and 7 days). The values were statistically analyzed.

Results

Sixty patients (M:F::37:23) with a mean age of 56 years who were therapeutically anticoagulated for different medical conditions were included. The mean warfarin dosage was 3.5 mg, and the mean INR was 2.83. Out of 27 patients who showed bleeding on day of extraction, eight, ten and nine patients belonged to groups I, II and III, respectively, and the difference was nonsignificant. Out of 15 patients who showed bleeding on post-extraction day 1, one, five and nine patients belonged to groups I, II and III, respectively. The difference was statistically significant on day 1 and nonsignificant in the next follow-ups.

Conclusion

Local hemostatic agents like TXA and feracrylum arrest bleeding without having any systemic action and without the necessity of altering the anticoagulant regimen. Feracrylum has an added advantage of a single application, formation of a mechanical barrier and an additional antimicrobial effect. These agents should be incorporated in the protocol for managing patients on oral anticoagulants.

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Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used by the Bhil and Bhilala ethnic community in dermatological disorders in Western Madhya Pradesh, India

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Journal of Herbal Medicine

Author(s): Vijay V. Wagh, Ashok K. Jain

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ethnobotanical surveys are a key means of preserving indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants and their application within traditional medical systems. The present survey was undertaken within the Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh, India, to collect information from the Bhil and Bhilala tribes on the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of dermatological diseases.

Material and methods

The ethnobotanical data was collected from local traditional healers in 39 villages within the Jhabua district of western Madhya Pradesh, using standard ethnobotanical methods. The Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL) and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) were calculated in order to analyse the data collected and results were compared to prior ethnobotanical surveys relating to dermatological conditions conducted within India.

Results

A total of 116 plant species of 103 genera, belonging to 58 families were identified as used in the treatment of a total of 21 different dermatological disorders. UV ranged from Punica granatum, with the highest value of 2.41 to Rumex dentatus, with the lowest UV of 0.11. The highest FL of 100% was found for 17 plant species, and the ICF was found to range from 0.20 (leukoderma) to 1 (mouth ulcers).

Conclusions

The survey was able to identify and record the broad range of medicinal plants and practices used by the Bhil and Bhilala people in their treatment of dermatological conditions. The data collected is valuable, not only as part of the process of documenting and preserving a traditional knowledge and culture in danger of being lost, but also in its provision of a broad selection of medicinal plants that could be subjected to further pharmacological and clinical investigation for their potential role in the treatment of dermatological conditions.

Graphical abstract

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Evaluation of interleukin-12 receptor β1 and interferon gamma receptor 1 deficiency in patients with disseminated BCG infection

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): B. Pourakbari, R. Hosseinpour Sadeghi, S. Mahmoudi, N. Parvaneh, S. Keshavarz Valian, S. Mamishi

Abstract

Introduction

Disseminated BCG infections among other complications of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine are rare and have occurred in children with immunodeficiency disorders such as mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) which could be due to defects in some elements of IL-12/IFN-γ axis. MSMD-causing mutations have been identified in 10 genes during the last two decades. Among them, mutations in the IL12Rβ1 and IFNγR1 genes constitute about 80% of recorded cases of MSMD syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate IL-12Rβ1 and IFN-γR1 deficiencies in patients with disseminated BCG infection.

Methods

This study was performed on 31 children with disseminated BCG infections who referred to children's medical center. Whole blood cell culture was performed in presence of BCG, IL-12 and IFN-γ stimulators. The supernatants were assayed for IFN-γ and IL-12p70 by ELISA method. In order to evaluate IL12Rβ1 and IFN-γR1 receptors expression, flow cytometry staining was performed on the patients' T-cells stimulated with PHA.

Results

Flow cytometry staining of 31 Iranian patients with disseminated BCG infections with the average age of 43 months showed lack of the expression of IL-12Rβ1 and IFN-γR1 genes in PHA-T-cells of the nine and one patients, respectively in whom the incomplete production of IFN-γ and IL-12 was reported by ELISA. Among these 10 patients, eight cases had related parents (80%).

Conclusion

It is recommended that to avoid BCG complications, screening be performed for MSMD before BCG inoculation in individuals with positive family history of primary immunodeficiency diseases and inhabitants of areas with high frequency of consanguinity.

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Association of M470V polymorphism of CFTR gene with variability of clinical expression of asthma: Case-report study

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): Imen Wahabi, Sondess Hadj Fredj, Malek Nefzi, Rym Dabboubi, Hajer Siala, Fatma Khalsi, Khedija Bousetta, Taieb Messaoud

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives

Asthma is a complex genetic disorder. Several genes have been found associated with asthma. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is one of them. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the genotype and allele frequency distributions of the biallelic marker M470V within the CFTR gene on mutant and wide chromosomes.

Patients and methods

The molecular approach consists in the genotyping of the M470V marker by the PCR-RFLP technique in 105 asthmatic patients, aged between four months and 17 years, and 105 healthy subjects.

Results

We found a significant difference in the genotype frequencies between the two studied groups (χ² = 9.855, P = 0.007). The V/V genotype was over represented in the asthmatic group as compared to the controls (32.38% vs. 16.19%). Whereas, the M/V genotype is more frequent in healthy subjects (40.95% vs. 28.71%). We also noted a significant difference in allelic distribution of M470V with associated diseases (χ² = 9.610, P = 0.022).

Conclusions

The present study is the first report on the distribution of the M470V polymorphism in asthmatic Tunisian patients. We noticed that the M470V variant could modulate the clinical phenotype of asthmatic patients. This preliminary study will establish the molecular basis of this disease in Tunisia.

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Current therapeutic paradigm in pediatric atopic dermatitis: Practical guidance from a national expert panel

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): A. Chiricozzi, A. Belloni Fortina, E. Galli, G. Girolomoni, I. Neri, G. Ricci, M. Romanelli, D. Peroni

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common cutaneous inflammatory disease in both adults and children. Although emerging therapeutic approaches are being investigated for the management of pediatric AD, it still needs to be managed with conventional treatments. This consensus document is aimed at providing an update on general management and therapies of pediatric AD, defining practical recommendations for using both topical and systemic agents.

Material and Methods

A panel of experts consisting of dermatologists and pediatricians were convened in order to define statements, through a Delphi process, standardizing the management of AD in pediatric subjects in a real-world setting.

Results

A set of practical recommendations obtaining an at least 75% agreement was presented.

Conclusions

This set of practical recommendations represents a simple and fast snapshot on the pediatric use of common anti-AD therapeutics.

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Evaluation of interleukin-12 receptor β1 and interferon gamma receptor 1 deficiency in patients with disseminated BCG infection

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): B. Pourakbari, R. Hosseinpour Sadeghi, S. Mahmoudi, N. Parvaneh, S. Keshavarz Valian, S. Mamishi

Abstract

Introduction

Disseminated BCG infections among other complications of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine are rare and have occurred in children with immunodeficiency disorders such as mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) which could be due to defects in some elements of IL-12/IFN-γ axis. MSMD-causing mutations have been identified in 10 genes during the last two decades. Among them, mutations in the IL12Rβ1 and IFNγR1 genes constitute about 80% of recorded cases of MSMD syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate IL-12Rβ1 and IFN-γR1 deficiencies in patients with disseminated BCG infection.

Methods

This study was performed on 31 children with disseminated BCG infections who referred to children's medical center. Whole blood cell culture was performed in presence of BCG, IL-12 and IFN-γ stimulators. The supernatants were assayed for IFN-γ and IL-12p70 by ELISA method. In order to evaluate IL12Rβ1 and IFN-γR1 receptors expression, flow cytometry staining was performed on the patients' T-cells stimulated with PHA.

Results

Flow cytometry staining of 31 Iranian patients with disseminated BCG infections with the average age of 43 months showed lack of the expression of IL-12Rβ1 and IFN-γR1 genes in PHA-T-cells of the nine and one patients, respectively in whom the incomplete production of IFN-γ and IL-12 was reported by ELISA. Among these 10 patients, eight cases had related parents (80%).

Conclusion

It is recommended that to avoid BCG complications, screening be performed for MSMD before BCG inoculation in individuals with positive family history of primary immunodeficiency diseases and inhabitants of areas with high frequency of consanguinity.

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Association of M470V polymorphism of CFTR gene with variability of clinical expression of asthma: Case-report study

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): Imen Wahabi, Sondess Hadj Fredj, Malek Nefzi, Rym Dabboubi, Hajer Siala, Fatma Khalsi, Khedija Bousetta, Taieb Messaoud

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives

Asthma is a complex genetic disorder. Several genes have been found associated with asthma. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is one of them. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the genotype and allele frequency distributions of the biallelic marker M470V within the CFTR gene on mutant and wide chromosomes.

Patients and methods

The molecular approach consists in the genotyping of the M470V marker by the PCR-RFLP technique in 105 asthmatic patients, aged between four months and 17 years, and 105 healthy subjects.

Results

We found a significant difference in the genotype frequencies between the two studied groups (χ² = 9.855, P = 0.007). The V/V genotype was over represented in the asthmatic group as compared to the controls (32.38% vs. 16.19%). Whereas, the M/V genotype is more frequent in healthy subjects (40.95% vs. 28.71%). We also noted a significant difference in allelic distribution of M470V with associated diseases (χ² = 9.610, P = 0.022).

Conclusions

The present study is the first report on the distribution of the M470V polymorphism in asthmatic Tunisian patients. We noticed that the M470V variant could modulate the clinical phenotype of asthmatic patients. This preliminary study will establish the molecular basis of this disease in Tunisia.

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Current therapeutic paradigm in pediatric atopic dermatitis: Practical guidance from a national expert panel

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): A. Chiricozzi, A. Belloni Fortina, E. Galli, G. Girolomoni, I. Neri, G. Ricci, M. Romanelli, D. Peroni

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common cutaneous inflammatory disease in both adults and children. Although emerging therapeutic approaches are being investigated for the management of pediatric AD, it still needs to be managed with conventional treatments. This consensus document is aimed at providing an update on general management and therapies of pediatric AD, defining practical recommendations for using both topical and systemic agents.

Material and Methods

A panel of experts consisting of dermatologists and pediatricians were convened in order to define statements, through a Delphi process, standardizing the management of AD in pediatric subjects in a real-world setting.

Results

A set of practical recommendations obtaining an at least 75% agreement was presented.

Conclusions

This set of practical recommendations represents a simple and fast snapshot on the pediatric use of common anti-AD therapeutics.

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Corrigendum to The role of depressive symptoms in treatment of adolescent cannabis use disorder with N-Acetylcysteine Addictive Behaviors 85 (2018) 26-30

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Addictive Behaviors

Author(s): Rachel L. Tomko, Amanda K. Gilmore, Kevin M. Gray

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Corrigendum to The role of depressive symptoms in treatment of adolescent cannabis use disorder with N-Acetylcysteine Addictive Behaviors 85 (2018) 26-30

Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018

Source: Addictive Behaviors

Author(s): Rachel L. Tomko, Amanda K. Gilmore, Kevin M. Gray

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Emotion regulation difficulties and social control correlates of smoking among pregnant women trying to quit

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Addictive Behaviors

Author(s): Jennifer Fillo, Kimberly E. Kamper-DeMarco, Whitney C. Brown, Paul R. Stasiewicz, Clara M. Bradizza

Abstract

Approximately 15% of US women currently smoke during pregnancy. An important step toward providing effective smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy is to identify individuals who are more likely to encounter difficulty quitting. Pregnant smokers frequently report smoking in response to intrapersonal factors (e.g., negative emotions), but successful cessation attempts can also be influenced by interpersonal factors (i.e., influence from close others). This study examined the association between emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative social control (e.g., encouragement, criticism), and smoking cessation-related variables (i.e., smoking quantity, withdrawal symptoms) among pregnant smokers. Data were drawn from the pretreatment wave of a smoking cessation trial enrolling low-income pregnant women who self-reported smoking in response to negative affect (N = 73). Greater emotion regulation difficulties were related to greater smoking urges (b = 0.295, p = .042) and withdrawal symptoms (b = 0.085, p = .003). Additionally, more negative social control from close others was related to fewer smoking days (b = −0.614, p = .042) and higher smoking abstinence self-efficacy (b = 0.017, p = .002). More positive social control from close others interacted with negative affect smoking (b = −0.052, p = .043); the association between negative affect smoking and nicotine dependence (b = 0.812, p = .001) only occurred at low levels of positive social control. Findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may contribute to smoking during pregnancy by exacerbating women's negative experiences related to smoking cessation attempts. Negative social control was related to lower smoking frequency and greater confidence in quitting smoking, suggesting that it may assist pregnant smokers' cessation efforts. Positive social control buffered women from the effects of negative affect smoking on nicotine dependence.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01163864

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Emotion regulation difficulties and social control correlates of smoking among pregnant women trying to quit

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Addictive Behaviors

Author(s): Jennifer Fillo, Kimberly E. Kamper-DeMarco, Whitney C. Brown, Paul R. Stasiewicz, Clara M. Bradizza

Abstract

Approximately 15% of US women currently smoke during pregnancy. An important step toward providing effective smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy is to identify individuals who are more likely to encounter difficulty quitting. Pregnant smokers frequently report smoking in response to intrapersonal factors (e.g., negative emotions), but successful cessation attempts can also be influenced by interpersonal factors (i.e., influence from close others). This study examined the association between emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative social control (e.g., encouragement, criticism), and smoking cessation-related variables (i.e., smoking quantity, withdrawal symptoms) among pregnant smokers. Data were drawn from the pretreatment wave of a smoking cessation trial enrolling low-income pregnant women who self-reported smoking in response to negative affect (N = 73). Greater emotion regulation difficulties were related to greater smoking urges (b = 0.295, p = .042) and withdrawal symptoms (b = 0.085, p = .003). Additionally, more negative social control from close others was related to fewer smoking days (b = −0.614, p = .042) and higher smoking abstinence self-efficacy (b = 0.017, p = .002). More positive social control from close others interacted with negative affect smoking (b = −0.052, p = .043); the association between negative affect smoking and nicotine dependence (b = 0.812, p = .001) only occurred at low levels of positive social control. Findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may contribute to smoking during pregnancy by exacerbating women's negative experiences related to smoking cessation attempts. Negative social control was related to lower smoking frequency and greater confidence in quitting smoking, suggesting that it may assist pregnant smokers' cessation efforts. Positive social control buffered women from the effects of negative affect smoking on nicotine dependence.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01163864

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A straightforward approach for coping with unreliability of person means when parsing within-person and between-person effects in longitudinal studies

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Addictive Behaviors

Author(s): Nisha C. Gottfredson

Abstract

Longitudinal studies enable researchers to distinguish within-person (i.e., time-varying) from between-person (i.e., time invariant) effects by using the person mean to model between-person effects and person-mean centering to model within-person effects using multilevel models (MLM). However, with some exceptions, the person mean tends to be based on a relatively small number of observations available for each participant in longitudinal studies. Unreliability inherent in person means generated with few observations results in downwardly biased between-person and cross-level interaction effect estimates. This manuscript considers a simple, easy-to-implement, post-hoc bias adjustment to correct for attenuation of between-person effects caused by unreliability of the person mean. This correction can be applied directly to estimates obtained from MLM. We illustrate this method using data from a panel study predicting adolescent alcohol involvement from perceived parental monitoring, where parental monitoring was disaggregated into within-person (i.e., person-mean-centered) and between-person (i.e., person-mean) components. We then describe results of a small simulation study that evaluated the performance of the post-hoc adjustment under data conditions that mirrored those of the empirical example. Results suggested that, under a condition in which parameter bias is known to be problematic (i.e., moderate ICC_X, small n, presence of a compositional effect), it is preferable to use the bias-adjusted MLM estimates over the unadjusted MLM estimates for between-person and cross-level interaction effects.

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A straightforward approach for coping with unreliability of person means when parsing within-person and between-person effects in longitudinal studies

Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018

Source: Addictive Behaviors

Author(s): Nisha C. Gottfredson

Abstract

Longitudinal studies enable researchers to distinguish within-person (i.e., time-varying) from between-person (i.e., time invariant) effects by using the person mean to model between-person effects and person-mean centering to model within-person effects using multilevel models (MLM). However, with some exceptions, the person mean tends to be based on a relatively small number of observations available for each participant in longitudinal studies. Unreliability inherent in person means generated with few observations results in downwardly biased between-person and cross-level interaction effect estimates. This manuscript considers a simple, easy-to-implement, post-hoc bias adjustment to correct for attenuation of between-person effects caused by unreliability of the person mean. This correction can be applied directly to estimates obtained from MLM. We illustrate this method using data from a panel study predicting adolescent alcohol involvement from perceived parental monitoring, where parental monitoring was disaggregated into within-person (i.e., person-mean-centered) and between-person (i.e., person-mean) components. We then describe results of a small simulation study that evaluated the performance of the post-hoc adjustment under data conditions that mirrored those of the empirical example. Results suggested that, under a condition in which parameter bias is known to be problematic (i.e., moderate ICC_X, small n, presence of a compositional effect), it is preferable to use the bias-adjusted MLM estimates over the unadjusted MLM estimates for between-person and cross-level interaction effects.

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Neural representations of aversive value encoding in pain catastrophizers

Publication date: 1 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage, Volume 184

Author(s): Christopher A. Brown, Abeer F. Almarzouki, Richard J. Brown, Anthony K.P. Jones

Abstract

Chronic pain is exacerbated by maladaptive cognition such as pain catastrophizing (PC). Biomarkers of PC mechanisms may aid precision medicine for chronic pain. Here, we investigate EEG biomarkers using mass univariate and multivariate (machine learning) approaches. We test theoretical notions that PC results from a combination of augmented aversive-value encoding ("magnification") and persistent expectations of pain ("rumination"). Healthy individuals with high or low levels of PC underwent an experimental pain model involving nociceptive laser stimuli preceded by cues predicting forthcoming pain intensity. Analysis of EEG acquired during the cue and laser stimulation provided event-related potentials (ERPs) identifying spatially and temporally-extended neural representations associated with pain catastrophizing. Specifically, differential neural responses to cues predicting high vs. low intensity pain (i.e. aversive value encoding) were larger in the high PC group, largely originating from mid-cingulate and superior parietal cortex. Multivariate spatiotemporal EEG patterns evoked from cues with high aversive value selectively and significantly differentiated the high PC from low PC group (64.6% classification accuracy). Regression analyses revealed that neural patterns classifying groups could be partially predicted (R² = 28%) from those neural patterns classifying the aversive value of cues. In contrast, behavioural and EEG analyses did not provide evidence that PC modifies more persistent effects of prior expectation on pain perception and nociceptive responses. These findings support the hypothesis of magnification of aversive value encoding but not persistent expression of expectation in pain catastrophizers. Multivariate patterns of aversive value encoding provide promising biomarkers of maladaptive cognitive responses to chronic pain that have future potential for psychological treatment development and clinical stratification.

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Mu rhythm desynchronization is specific to action execution and observation: Evidence from time-frequency and connectivity analysis

Publication date: 1 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage, Volume 184

Author(s): Ranjan Debnath, Virginia C. Salo, George A. Buzzell, Kathryn H. Yoo, Nathan A. Fox

Abstract

Mu desynchronization is the attenuation of EEG power in the alpha frequency range recorded over central scalp locations thought to reflect motor cortex activation. Mu desynchronization during observation of an action is believed to reflect mirroring system activation in humans. However, this notion has recently been questioned because, among other reasons, the potential contamination of mu rhythm and occipital alpha activity induced by attention processes following presentation of visual stimuli in observation conditions. This study examined the validity of mu desynchronization as a measure of mirroring system activation in infants and further investigated the pattern of functional connectivity between the central and occipital regions during execution and observation of movement. EEG was recorded while 46 9-month-old infants executed grasping actions and observed an experimenter grasping. Current source density (CSD) was applied to EEG data and, time-frequency and connectivity analyses were performed in CSD transformed data. Mu desynchronization was evident over central regions during both execution and observation of movements. Independent alpha desynchronization over occipital region was also present in both conditions. The connectivity analyses revealed that central-occipital areas were functionally more connected compared to other areas of the brain during observation of movements. Collectively, the results demonstrate the validity of mu desynchronization as an index of infant mirroring system activity and support the proposal of a functional connection between distinct mirroring and attention processes during observation of action.

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Neural representations of aversive value encoding in pain catastrophizers

Publication date: 1 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage, Volume 184

Author(s): Christopher A. Brown, Abeer F. Almarzouki, Richard J. Brown, Anthony K.P. Jones

Abstract

Chronic pain is exacerbated by maladaptive cognition such as pain catastrophizing (PC). Biomarkers of PC mechanisms may aid precision medicine for chronic pain. Here, we investigate EEG biomarkers using mass univariate and multivariate (machine learning) approaches. We test theoretical notions that PC results from a combination of augmented aversive-value encoding ("magnification") and persistent expectations of pain ("rumination"). Healthy individuals with high or low levels of PC underwent an experimental pain model involving nociceptive laser stimuli preceded by cues predicting forthcoming pain intensity. Analysis of EEG acquired during the cue and laser stimulation provided event-related potentials (ERPs) identifying spatially and temporally-extended neural representations associated with pain catastrophizing. Specifically, differential neural responses to cues predicting high vs. low intensity pain (i.e. aversive value encoding) were larger in the high PC group, largely originating from mid-cingulate and superior parietal cortex. Multivariate spatiotemporal EEG patterns evoked from cues with high aversive value selectively and significantly differentiated the high PC from low PC group (64.6% classification accuracy). Regression analyses revealed that neural patterns classifying groups could be partially predicted (R² = 28%) from those neural patterns classifying the aversive value of cues. In contrast, behavioural and EEG analyses did not provide evidence that PC modifies more persistent effects of prior expectation on pain perception and nociceptive responses. These findings support the hypothesis of magnification of aversive value encoding but not persistent expression of expectation in pain catastrophizers. Multivariate patterns of aversive value encoding provide promising biomarkers of maladaptive cognitive responses to chronic pain that have future potential for psychological treatment development and clinical stratification.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2DyrU3h

Mu rhythm desynchronization is specific to action execution and observation: Evidence from time-frequency and connectivity analysis

Publication date: 1 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage, Volume 184

Author(s): Ranjan Debnath, Virginia C. Salo, George A. Buzzell, Kathryn H. Yoo, Nathan A. Fox

Abstract

Mu desynchronization is the attenuation of EEG power in the alpha frequency range recorded over central scalp locations thought to reflect motor cortex activation. Mu desynchronization during observation of an action is believed to reflect mirroring system activation in humans. However, this notion has recently been questioned because, among other reasons, the potential contamination of mu rhythm and occipital alpha activity induced by attention processes following presentation of visual stimuli in observation conditions. This study examined the validity of mu desynchronization as a measure of mirroring system activation in infants and further investigated the pattern of functional connectivity between the central and occipital regions during execution and observation of movement. EEG was recorded while 46 9-month-old infants executed grasping actions and observed an experimenter grasping. Current source density (CSD) was applied to EEG data and, time-frequency and connectivity analyses were performed in CSD transformed data. Mu desynchronization was evident over central regions during both execution and observation of movements. Independent alpha desynchronization over occipital region was also present in both conditions. The connectivity analyses revealed that central-occipital areas were functionally more connected compared to other areas of the brain during observation of movements. Collectively, the results demonstrate the validity of mu desynchronization as an index of infant mirroring system activity and support the proposal of a functional connection between distinct mirroring and attention processes during observation of action.

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Skin exposure to epoxy chemicals in construction coating, assessed by observation, interviews, and measurements

Contact Dermatitis, EarlyView.


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Effects of Peer Support Interventions on the Communication of Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Authors: Chapin S, McNaughton D, Boyle S, Babb S Abstract Many young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) experience difficulty in the development of communication skills. Teaching peers to make use of communication support behaviors has been investigated as a strategy to increase communication for young children with ASD in early childhood settings. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine (1) the overall effects of peer support interventions on the communication of young children with ASD and (2) any possible moderating variables related to participant and intervention characteristics. The social support model was used as a framework for the study of intervention components. Eighteen single-case experimental design studies (48 children with ASD) met the incl...

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Skin exposure to epoxy chemicals in construction coating, assessed by observation, interviews, and measurements

Contact Dermatitis, EarlyView.


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Effects of Peer Support Interventions on the Communication of Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Authors: Chapin S, McNaughton D, Boyle S, Babb S Abstract Many young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) experience difficulty in the development of communication skills. Teaching peers to make use of communication support behaviors has been investigated as a strategy to increase communication for young children with ASD in early childhood settings. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine (1) the overall effects of peer support interventions on the communication of young children with ASD and (2) any possible moderating variables related to participant and intervention characteristics. The social support model was used as a framework for the study of intervention components. Eighteen single-case experimental design studies (48 children with ASD) met the incl...

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The micromass formation potential of human adipose-derived stromal cells isolated from different various origins

Adult stem cells appear to be a promising subject for tissue engineering, representing an individual material for regeneration of aged and damaged cells. Especially adipose derived stromal cells (ADSC), which ...

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A novel PAX9 mutation found in a Chinese patient with hypodontia via whole exome sequencing

Oral Diseases, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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The micromass formation potential of human adipose-derived stromal cells isolated from different various origins

Adult stem cells appear to be a promising subject for tissue engineering, representing an individual material for regeneration of aged and damaged cells. Especially adipose derived stromal cells (ADSC), which ...

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A novel PAX9 mutation found in a Chinese patient with hypodontia via whole exome sequencing

Oral Diseases, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


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Ultrahigh‐Field Multimodal MRI Assessment of Muscle Damage

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, EarlyView.


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Augmenting MRI Safety Screening Processes: Reliable Identification of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices by a Ferromagnetic Detector System

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, EarlyView.


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Improving apparent diffusion coefficient accuracy on a compact 3T MRI scanner using gradient nonlinearity correction

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, EarlyView.


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Ultrahigh‐Field Multimodal MRI Assessment of Muscle Damage

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, EarlyView.


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Validation of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System 2017 (LI‐RADS) Criteria for Imaging Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, EarlyView.


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Augmenting MRI Safety Screening Processes: Reliable Identification of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices by a Ferromagnetic Detector System

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, EarlyView.


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Emerging Insights into the Occupational Mycobiome

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The evolution of molecular-based methods over the last two decades has provided new approaches to identify and characterize fungal communities or "mycobiomes" at resolutions previously not possible using traditional hazard identification methods. The recent focus on fungal community assemblages within indoor environments has provided renewed insight into overlooked sources of fungal exposure. In occupational studies, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing has recently been utilized in a variety of environments ranging from indoor office buildings to agricultural commodity and harvesting operations.

Recent Findings

Fungal communities identified in occupational environments have been primarily placed in the phylum Ascomycota and included classes typically identified using traditional fungal exposure methods such as the Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Saccharomycetes. The phylum Basidiomycota has also been reported to be more prevalent than previously estimated and ITS region sequences have been primarily derived from the classes Agaricomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes. These studies have also resolved sequences placed in the Basidiomycota classes Tremellomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes that include environmental and endogenous yeast species.

Summary

These collective datasets have shown that occupational fungal exposures include a much broader diversity of fungi than once thought. Although the clinical implications for occupational allergy are an emerging field of research, establishing the mycobiome in occupational environments will be critical for future studies to determine the complete spectrum of worker exposures to fungal bioaerosols and their impact on worker health.

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Emerging Insights into the Occupational Mycobiome

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The evolution of molecular-based methods over the last two decades has provided new approaches to identify and characterize fungal communities or "mycobiomes" at resolutions previously not possible using traditional hazard identification methods. The recent focus on fungal community assemblages within indoor environments has provided renewed insight into overlooked sources of fungal exposure. In occupational studies, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing has recently been utilized in a variety of environments ranging from indoor office buildings to agricultural commodity and harvesting operations.

Recent Findings

Fungal communities identified in occupational environments have been primarily placed in the phylum Ascomycota and included classes typically identified using traditional fungal exposure methods such as the Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Saccharomycetes. The phylum Basidiomycota has also been reported to be more prevalent than previously estimated and ITS region sequences have been primarily derived from the classes Agaricomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes. These studies have also resolved sequences placed in the Basidiomycota classes Tremellomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes that include environmental and endogenous yeast species.

Summary

These collective datasets have shown that occupational fungal exposures include a much broader diversity of fungi than once thought. Although the clinical implications for occupational allergy are an emerging field of research, establishing the mycobiome in occupational environments will be critical for future studies to determine the complete spectrum of worker exposures to fungal bioaerosols and their impact on worker health.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2xSCfky

Emerging Insights into the Occupational Mycobiome

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The evolution of molecular-based methods over the last two decades has provided new approaches to identify and characterize fungal communities or "mycobiomes" at resolutions previously not possible using traditional hazard identification methods. The recent focus on fungal community assemblages within indoor environments has provided renewed insight into overlooked sources of fungal exposure. In occupational studies, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing has recently been utilized in a variety of environments ranging from indoor office buildings to agricultural commodity and harvesting operations.

Recent Findings

Fungal communities identified in occupational environments have been primarily placed in the phylum Ascomycota and included classes typically identified using traditional fungal exposure methods such as the Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Saccharomycetes. The phylum Basidiomycota has also been reported to be more prevalent than previously estimated and ITS region sequences have been primarily derived from the classes Agaricomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes. These studies have also resolved sequences placed in the Basidiomycota classes Tremellomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes that include environmental and endogenous yeast species.

Summary

These collective datasets have shown that occupational fungal exposures include a much broader diversity of fungi than once thought. Although the clinical implications for occupational allergy are an emerging field of research, establishing the mycobiome in occupational environments will be critical for future studies to determine the complete spectrum of worker exposures to fungal bioaerosols and their impact on worker health.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2xSCfky

Emerging Insights into the Occupational Mycobiome

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The evolution of molecular-based methods over the last two decades has provided new approaches to identify and characterize fungal communities or "mycobiomes" at resolutions previously not possible using traditional hazard identification methods. The recent focus on fungal community assemblages within indoor environments has provided renewed insight into overlooked sources of fungal exposure. In occupational studies, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing has recently been utilized in a variety of environments ranging from indoor office buildings to agricultural commodity and harvesting operations.

Recent Findings

Fungal communities identified in occupational environments have been primarily placed in the phylum Ascomycota and included classes typically identified using traditional fungal exposure methods such as the Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Saccharomycetes. The phylum Basidiomycota has also been reported to be more prevalent than previously estimated and ITS region sequences have been primarily derived from the classes Agaricomycetes and Ustilaginomycetes. These studies have also resolved sequences placed in the Basidiomycota classes Tremellomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes that include environmental and endogenous yeast species.

Summary

These collective datasets have shown that occupational fungal exposures include a much broader diversity of fungi than once thought. Although the clinical implications for occupational allergy are an emerging field of research, establishing the mycobiome in occupational environments will be critical for future studies to determine the complete spectrum of worker exposures to fungal bioaerosols and their impact on worker health.

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Peristomal allergic contact dermatitis caused by ostoma pastes and role of Gantrez ES-425.

CONCLUSIONS: Allergic contact dermatitis of the peristomal area is probably more common than previously reported. Patch testing is the method of choice to determine sensitization to products for stoma care, and Gantrez ES-425 should be considered for patch testing. PMID: 30249081 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia)

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The Aging Lung: Is lung health good health for older adults?

Authors: Bowdish DME Abstract The prevalence of lung conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis, and lung infections such as pneumonia, increase sharply with age. The physiologic, cellular and immunologic changes that occur during aging contribute to the development of lung disease. Studies of age-related changes in physiology and function are not just key to preventing or ameliorating disease, they are essential for understanding healthy aging. Individuals with good lung function live longer, healthier lives, although the mechanisms by which this occurs are not understood. Herein, we review changes in the aging lung that facilitate development of disease and the evidence supporting the idea that robust lung function reduces the risk of develop...

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The Aging Lung: Is lung health good health for older adults?

Authors: Bowdish DME Abstract The prevalence of lung conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis, and lung infections such as pneumonia, increase sharply with age. The physiologic, cellular and immunologic changes that occur during aging contribute to the development of lung disease. Studies of age-related changes in physiology and function are not just key to preventing or ameliorating disease, they are essential for understanding healthy aging. Individuals with good lung function live longer, healthier lives, although the mechanisms by which this occurs are not understood. Herein, we review changes in the aging lung that facilitate development of disease and the evidence supporting the idea that robust lung function reduces the risk of develop...

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