Emmanuel Faure, Kelly Kwong, Dao Nguyen (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Δευτέρα 22 Οκτωβρίου 2018
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Chronic Lung Infections: How to Adapt Within the Host?
An ROR γt Oral Inhibitor Modulates IL-17 Responses in Peripheral Blood and Intestinal Mucosa of Crohn's Disease Patients
Helena Bassolas-Molina, Ernest Raymond, Mark Labadia, Joseph Wahle, Elena Ferrer-Pic ón, Mark Panzenbeck, Jie Zheng, Christian Harcken, Robert Hughes, Michael Turner, Dustin Smith, Elisabeth Calderón-Gómez, Míriam Esteller, Anna Carrasco, Maria Esteve, Isabella Dotti, Ana Maria Corraliza, Maria Carme Masamunt, Clàudia Arajol, Jordi Guardiola, Elena Ricart, Gerald Nabozny, Azuce na Salas (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Novel Chimeric Protein Vaccines Against Clostridium difficile Infection
Shaohui Wang, Yuanguo Wang, Ying Cai, Ciaran P. Kelly, Xingmin Sun (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Incubation of Immune Cell Grafts With MAX.16H5 IgG1 Anti-Human CD4 Antibody Prolonged Survival After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Mouse Model for Fms Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Nadja Hilger, Claudia Mueller, Lilly Stahl, Anne M. Mueller, Bianca Zoennchen, Sarah Dluczek, Christoph Halbich, Claudia Wickenhauser, Dennis Gerloff, Alexander A. Wurm, Gerhard Behre, Anna Kretschmer, Stephan Fricke (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Complement C3 Produced by Macrophages Promotes Renal Fibrosis via IL-17A Secretion
Yanyan Liu, Kun Wang, Xinjun Liang, Yueqiang Li, Ying Zhang, Chunxiu Zhang, Haotian Wei, Ran Luo, Shuwang Ge, Gang Xu (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Human NK Cells Develop an Exhaustion Phenotype During Polar Degranulation at the Aspergillus fumigatus Hyphal Synapse
Virginia Santiago, Katayoun Rezvani, Takuya Sekine, Justin Stebbing, Peter Kelleher, Darius Armstrong-James (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Abnormal T Cell Frequencies, Including Cytomegalovirus-Associated Expansions, Distinguish Seroconverted Subjects at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Robert Z. Harms, Kristina M. Lorenzo-Arteaga, Katie R. Ostlund, Victoria B. Smith, Lynette M. Smith, Peter Gottlieb, Nora Sarvetnick (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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PEGylated Domain I of Beta-2-Glycoprotein I Inhibits the Binding, Coagulopathic, and Thrombogenic Properties of IgG From Patients With the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Thomas C. R. McDonnell, Rohan Willis, Charis Pericleous, Vera M. Ripoll, Ian P. Giles, David. A. Isenberg, Allan R. Brasier, Emilio B. Gonzalez, Elizabeth Papalardo, Zurina Romay-Penabad, Mohammad Jamaluddin, Yiannis Ioannou, Anisur Rahman (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Role of TRAFs in Signaling Pathways Controlling T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation and T Cell-Dependent Antibody Responses
Christophe Pedros, Amnon Altman, Kok-Fai Kong (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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MUC1 Mucin: A Putative Regulatory (Checkpoint) Molecule of T Cells
Babita Agrawal, Nancy Gupta, Jeffrey D. Konowalchuk (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Enhancer RNA and NFκB-dependent P300 regulation of ADAMDEC1
Publication date: November 2018Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 103Author(s): Lihua Shi, Song Li, Kelly Maurer, Zhe Zhang, Michelle Petri, Kathleen E. SullivanAbstractWe observed increased expression of ADAMDEC1 RNA in monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The precise role of ADAMDEC1 is uncertain and uniquely among metalloproteinases it utilizes a zinc-coordinating aspartic acid residue which allows it to escape inhibition by tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-3 (TIMP-3). A closely related gene encodes the protein ADAM28, which is not up-regulated in lupus. We leveraged the ability to look at both gene's promoters and enhancers simultaneously. ADAMDEC1 was up-regulated by LPS while ADAM28 was not upregulated in the short term. We identified MAP kinases and NFκ...
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Clinical and laboratory features of seventy ‐eight UK patients with Good’s syndrome (thymoma and hypogammaglobulinaemia)
Clinical&Experimental Immunology, EarlyView. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology)
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CD24 Expression and B Cell Maturation Shows a Novel Link With Energy Metabolism: Potential Implications for Patients With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Fane F. K. Mensah, Christopher W. Armstrong, Venkat Reddy, Amolak S. Bansal, Saul Berkovitz, Maria J. Leandro, Geraldine Cambridge (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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The link between schizophrenia and hypothyroidism: a population-based study
AbstractSchizophrenia is considered to be of the severe psychiatric disorders characterized by chronic debilitating course marked with frequent relapses and high clinical and financial burden. Aberrations of thyroid hormone levels have been documented in several psychiatric conditions including bipolar disease. The aim of this study is to provide insight into whether an association exists between hypothyroidism and schizophrenia. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using data retrieved from the largest medical records database in Israel, the Clalit Health Services (CHS). Patients were defined as having hypothyroidism or schizophrenia when there was at least one such documented diagnosis in their medical records. The proportion of schizophrenia was compared between hypoth...
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The law of food allergy and accommodation in Canadian schools
There is ongoing controversy surrounding the appropriate standards and limits of accommodation of children with food allergies in schools. We identify and explain how relevant Canadian common law, legislation,... (Source: Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology)
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Pitfalls of immunotherapy: lessons from a patient with CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency
Daclizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks CD25, the high affinity alpha subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor. Daclizumab therapy targets T regulatory cell and activated effector T cell prolife... (Source: Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology)
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Correction to: Statins Inhibit Cytokines in a Dose-Dependent Response in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
One of the author 's surname was incorrect. Anderson Ferreira de Almeida should be captured as Anderson Rodrigues de Almeida. The correct name is now presented above. (Source: Inflammation)
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Phenotypes of hypertrophic cardiomiopathy. An illustrative review of MRI findings
Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this article is to review how cardiac MRI provides the clinician with detailed information about the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotypes, assessing its morphological and functional consequences.
Conclusion
An understanding of cardiac MRI manifestations of HCM phenotypes will aid early diagnosis recognition and its functional consequences.
Teaching Points
• The phenotypic variability of HCM expands beyond myocardial hypertrophy, to include morphological and functional manifestations, ranging from subtle anomalies to remodelling of the LV with progressive dilatation and thinning of its wall.
• The stages of HCM, which are based on the clinical evidence of disease progression, include subclinical HCM, the classic HCM phenothype, adverse remodelling and overt dysfunction, or end-stage HCM.
• Cardiac MRI provides the clinician with detailed information regarding the HCM phenotypes and enables the assessment of its functional consequences.
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Phenotypes of hypertrophic cardiomiopathy. An illustrative review of MRI findings
Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this article is to review how cardiac MRI provides the clinician with detailed information about the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) phenotypes, assessing its morphological and functional consequences.
Conclusion
An understanding of cardiac MRI manifestations of HCM phenotypes will aid early diagnosis recognition and its functional consequences.
Teaching Points
• The phenotypic variability of HCM expands beyond myocardial hypertrophy, to include morphological and functional manifestations, ranging from subtle anomalies to remodelling of the LV with progressive dilatation and thinning of its wall.
• The stages of HCM, which are based on the clinical evidence of disease progression, include subclinical HCM, the classic HCM phenothype, adverse remodelling and overt dysfunction, or end-stage HCM.
• Cardiac MRI provides the clinician with detailed information regarding the HCM phenotypes and enables the assessment of its functional consequences.
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Dental caries experience and associated risk indicators among Palestinian pregnant women in the Jerusalem area: a cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background
This study described the dental caries experience of Palestinian pregnant women and examined its relationships to their oral health knowledge, beliefs, behavior, and access to dental care.
Methods
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care at the Ministry of Health (MOH) centers in the Jerusalem Governorate were invited to participate in this study. Structured interviews were conducted to assess pregnant mothers' beliefs about oral health care and their oral hygiene practices. Screening for mothers' dental caries experience was carried out using the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth/Surfaces (DMFT/S) index. Univariate, bi-variate and multi-variable analysis were conducted to explain the high level of disease in this population.
Results
A total of 152 pregnant women participated in this study. Mean DMFT in this sample was 15.5 ± 4.5 and an average DMFS of 31.8 ± 21. According the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, 89% of our sample were categorized in the "Extremely High" dental caries experience. Fifty-eight percent of the DMFT scores among this sample were due to untreated dental decay, while 22% of the same DMFT scores demonstrated restorative care received by this sample. Bivariate analysis showed that mothers who completed a degree after high school had lower DMFT scores than mothers who did not (F = 4, n = 152, p = .024). In addition, mothers who believed they could lose a tooth just because they are pregnant had higher DMFT scores (t = − 4, n = 152, p = .037). The final model found that age, level of education, providers' advice on utilizing dental care during pregnancy, and the belief that a woman can lose a tooth just because she is pregnant explained 22% of the variation in DMFT scores.
Conclusions
Women in this study had a high prevalence of dental diseases and knew little about dental care during pregnancy. Faulty beliefs about dental care during pregnancy among women and health care providers were major factors in the high levels of disease.
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Dental caries experience and associated risk indicators among Palestinian pregnant women in the Jerusalem area: a cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background
This study described the dental caries experience of Palestinian pregnant women and examined its relationships to their oral health knowledge, beliefs, behavior, and access to dental care.
Methods
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care at the Ministry of Health (MOH) centers in the Jerusalem Governorate were invited to participate in this study. Structured interviews were conducted to assess pregnant mothers' beliefs about oral health care and their oral hygiene practices. Screening for mothers' dental caries experience was carried out using the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth/Surfaces (DMFT/S) index. Univariate, bi-variate and multi-variable analysis were conducted to explain the high level of disease in this population.
Results
A total of 152 pregnant women participated in this study. Mean DMFT in this sample was 15.5 ± 4.5 and an average DMFS of 31.8 ± 21. According the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, 89% of our sample were categorized in the "Extremely High" dental caries experience. Fifty-eight percent of the DMFT scores among this sample were due to untreated dental decay, while 22% of the same DMFT scores demonstrated restorative care received by this sample. Bivariate analysis showed that mothers who completed a degree after high school had lower DMFT scores than mothers who did not (F = 4, n = 152, p = .024). In addition, mothers who believed they could lose a tooth just because they are pregnant had higher DMFT scores (t = − 4, n = 152, p = .037). The final model found that age, level of education, providers' advice on utilizing dental care during pregnancy, and the belief that a woman can lose a tooth just because she is pregnant explained 22% of the variation in DMFT scores.
Conclusions
Women in this study had a high prevalence of dental diseases and knew little about dental care during pregnancy. Faulty beliefs about dental care during pregnancy among women and health care providers were major factors in the high levels of disease.
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Beyond Annulus Size: Imaging for TAVR Planning
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this article is to review the role of imaging in pre-procedural assessment prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)—with a focus on relevant anatomic findings apart from the size of the aortic annulus.
Recent Findings
Pre-procedure imaging prior to TAVR heavily emphasizes assessment of the aortic annulus for appropriate valve sizing, with computed tomography angiography (CTA) emerging as the test of choice due to its ability to assess not only the aortic annulus but also the thoracoabdominal aorta and peripheral vasculature. Some patients with underlying kidney disease may be at increased risk of renal dysfunction following contrast-enhanced CTA; however, alternate imaging techniques can be performed to mitigate this risk such as magnetic resonance imaging.
Summary
Familiarity with underlying anatomic variability and pathology relevant to TAVR implantation in addition to annulus size, as well as imaging approaches in patients with renal dysfunction, will allow radiologists to better contribute to multidisciplinary discussion for potential TAVR candidates.
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Beyond Annulus Size: Imaging for TAVR Planning
Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this article is to review the role of imaging in pre-procedural assessment prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)—with a focus on relevant anatomic findings apart from the size of the aortic annulus.
Recent Findings
Pre-procedure imaging prior to TAVR heavily emphasizes assessment of the aortic annulus for appropriate valve sizing, with computed tomography angiography (CTA) emerging as the test of choice due to its ability to assess not only the aortic annulus but also the thoracoabdominal aorta and peripheral vasculature. Some patients with underlying kidney disease may be at increased risk of renal dysfunction following contrast-enhanced CTA; however, alternate imaging techniques can be performed to mitigate this risk such as magnetic resonance imaging.
Summary
Familiarity with underlying anatomic variability and pathology relevant to TAVR implantation in addition to annulus size, as well as imaging approaches in patients with renal dysfunction, will allow radiologists to better contribute to multidisciplinary discussion for potential TAVR candidates.
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A Review of the Use and Effectiveness of Digital Health Technologies in Asthma Patients
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Elizabeth Unni, Susan Gabriel, Rinat Ariely
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A Review of the Use and Effectiveness of Digital Health Technologies in Asthma Patients
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Elizabeth Unni, Susan Gabriel, Rinat Ariely
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Effectiveness of an App and Provider Counseling for Obesity Treatment in Primary Care
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Author(s): Gary G. Bennett, Dori Steinberg, Sandy Askew, Erica Levine, Perry Foley, Bryan C. Batch, Laura P. Svetkey, Hayden B. Bosworth, Elaine M. Puleo, Ashley Brewer, Abigail DeVries, Heather Miranda
Introduction
Obesity treatment is less successful for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, particularly when delivered in primary care. Digital health strategies can extend the reach of clinical obesity treatments to care settings serving patients at highest risk.
Methods
Track was an effectiveness RCT of a 12-month digital weight-loss intervention, embedded within a community health center system. Participants were 351 adult patients (aged 21–65 years) with obesity and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Patients were randomized to usual care (n=175) or an intervention (n=176) comprising app-based self-monitoring of behavior change goals with tailored feedback, a smart scale, dietitian-delivered counseling calls, and clinician counseling informed by app-generated recommendations, delivered via electronic health record. The primary outcome was 12-month weight change. Randomization began on June 18, 2013, final assessments were completed on September 10, 2015. Data analysis was conducted in 2016 and 2017. The trial retained 92% of usual care and 96% of intervention participants at 12 months.
Results
The Track intervention produced larger weight losses relative to usual care at 6 months (net effect: –4.4 kg, 95% CI= –5.5, –3.3, p<0.001) and 12 months (net effect: –3.8 kg, 95% CI= –5.0, –2.5, p<0.001). Intervention participants were more likely to lose ≥5% of their baseline weight at 6 months (43% vs 6%, p<0.001) and 12 months (40% vs 17%, p<0.001). Intervention participants completing ≥80% of expected self-monitoring episodes (–3.5 kg); counseling calls (–3.0 kg); or self-weighing days (–4.4 kg) lost significantly more weight than less engaged intervention participants (all p<0.01).
Conclusions
A digital obesity treatment, integrated with health system resources, can produce clinically meaningful weight-loss outcomes among socioeconomically disadvantaged primary care patients with elevated cardiovascular disease risk.
Trial registration
This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01827800.
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Rape-Related Pregnancy and Association With Reproductive Coercion in the U.S.
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Author(s): Kathleen C. Basile, Sharon G. Smith, Yang Liu, Marcie-jo Kresnow, Amy M. Fasula, Leah Gilbert, Jieru Chen
Introduction
Rape-related pregnancy is a public health problem where sexual violence and reproductive health intersect; yet, there is a dearth of research to inform public health practice. The authors examined the prevalence and characteristics of rape-related pregnancy in U.S. women and its association with intimate partner reproductive coercion.
Methods
Data years 2010–2012 are pooled from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, a telephone survey of U.S. adults. Accounting for complex survey design, in 2017, authors estimated the prevalence of vaginal rape–related pregnancy for U.S. women overall and by race/ethnicity. The authors also examined the proportion of rape-related pregnancy among victims of vaginal rape overall, by perpetrator type and by presence of reproductive coercion in the context of intimate partner rape.
Results
Almost 2.9 million U.S. women (2.4%) experienced rape-related pregnancy during their lifetime. Among rape victims, 77.3% reported a current/former intimate partner perpetrator, and 26.2% of intimate partner rape victims reported rape-related pregnancy compared with those raped by an acquaintance (5.2%) or stranger (6.9%). Women raped by an intimate partner and reporting rape-related pregnancy were significantly more likely to have experienced reproductive coercion compared with women who were raped by an intimate partner but did not become pregnant.
Conclusions
This paper reports the first national prevalence of rape-related pregnancy by any perpetrator in two decades. The high proportion of rape-related pregnancy committed by intimate partner perpetrators and its association with reproductive coercion suggest the need for primary prevention of intimate partner violence and access to trauma-informed reproductive health services for rape/intimate partner violence victims.
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Effectiveness of an App and Provider Counseling for Obesity Treatment in Primary Care
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Author(s): Gary G. Bennett, Dori Steinberg, Sandy Askew, Erica Levine, Perry Foley, Bryan C. Batch, Laura P. Svetkey, Hayden B. Bosworth, Elaine M. Puleo, Ashley Brewer, Abigail DeVries, Heather Miranda
Introduction
Obesity treatment is less successful for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, particularly when delivered in primary care. Digital health strategies can extend the reach of clinical obesity treatments to care settings serving patients at highest risk.
Methods
Track was an effectiveness RCT of a 12-month digital weight-loss intervention, embedded within a community health center system. Participants were 351 adult patients (aged 21–65 years) with obesity and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Patients were randomized to usual care (n=175) or an intervention (n=176) comprising app-based self-monitoring of behavior change goals with tailored feedback, a smart scale, dietitian-delivered counseling calls, and clinician counseling informed by app-generated recommendations, delivered via electronic health record. The primary outcome was 12-month weight change. Randomization began on June 18, 2013, final assessments were completed on September 10, 2015. Data analysis was conducted in 2016 and 2017. The trial retained 92% of usual care and 96% of intervention participants at 12 months.
Results
The Track intervention produced larger weight losses relative to usual care at 6 months (net effect: –4.4 kg, 95% CI= –5.5, –3.3, p<0.001) and 12 months (net effect: –3.8 kg, 95% CI= –5.0, –2.5, p<0.001). Intervention participants were more likely to lose ≥5% of their baseline weight at 6 months (43% vs 6%, p<0.001) and 12 months (40% vs 17%, p<0.001). Intervention participants completing ≥80% of expected self-monitoring episodes (–3.5 kg); counseling calls (–3.0 kg); or self-weighing days (–4.4 kg) lost significantly more weight than less engaged intervention participants (all p<0.01).
Conclusions
A digital obesity treatment, integrated with health system resources, can produce clinically meaningful weight-loss outcomes among socioeconomically disadvantaged primary care patients with elevated cardiovascular disease risk.
Trial registration
This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01827800.
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Rape-Related Pregnancy and Association With Reproductive Coercion in the U.S.
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Author(s): Kathleen C. Basile, Sharon G. Smith, Yang Liu, Marcie-jo Kresnow, Amy M. Fasula, Leah Gilbert, Jieru Chen
Introduction
Rape-related pregnancy is a public health problem where sexual violence and reproductive health intersect; yet, there is a dearth of research to inform public health practice. The authors examined the prevalence and characteristics of rape-related pregnancy in U.S. women and its association with intimate partner reproductive coercion.
Methods
Data years 2010–2012 are pooled from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, a telephone survey of U.S. adults. Accounting for complex survey design, in 2017, authors estimated the prevalence of vaginal rape–related pregnancy for U.S. women overall and by race/ethnicity. The authors also examined the proportion of rape-related pregnancy among victims of vaginal rape overall, by perpetrator type and by presence of reproductive coercion in the context of intimate partner rape.
Results
Almost 2.9 million U.S. women (2.4%) experienced rape-related pregnancy during their lifetime. Among rape victims, 77.3% reported a current/former intimate partner perpetrator, and 26.2% of intimate partner rape victims reported rape-related pregnancy compared with those raped by an acquaintance (5.2%) or stranger (6.9%). Women raped by an intimate partner and reporting rape-related pregnancy were significantly more likely to have experienced reproductive coercion compared with women who were raped by an intimate partner but did not become pregnant.
Conclusions
This paper reports the first national prevalence of rape-related pregnancy by any perpetrator in two decades. The high proportion of rape-related pregnancy committed by intimate partner perpetrators and its association with reproductive coercion suggest the need for primary prevention of intimate partner violence and access to trauma-informed reproductive health services for rape/intimate partner violence victims.
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Salivary gland cell aggregates are derived from self-organization of acinar lineage cells
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jomy J. Varghese, M. Eva Hansen, Azmeer Sharipol, Matthew H. Ingalls, Martha A. Ormanoski, Shawn D. Newlands, Catherine E. Ovitt, Danielle S.W. Benoit
Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanism by which salivary gland cells (SGC) aggregate in vitro.
Design
Timelapse microscopy was utilized to analyze the process of salivary gland aggregate formation using both primary murine and human salivary gland cells. The role of cell density, proliferation, extracellular calcium, and secretory acinar cells in aggregate formation was investigated. Finally, the ability of cells isolated from irradiated glands to form aggregates was also evaluated.
Results
Salivary gland cell self-organization rather than proliferation was the predominant mechanism of aggregate formation in both primary mouse and human salivary gland cultures (SGC). Aggregation was found to require extracellular calcium while acinar lineage cells account for ~80% of the total aggregate cell population. Finally, aggregation was not impaired by irradiation.
Conclusions
The data reveal that aggregation occurs as a result of heterogeneous salivary gland cell self-organization rather than from stem cell proliferation and differentiation, contradicting previous dogma. These results suggest a re-evaluation of aggregate formation as a criterion defining salivary gland stem cells.
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Delineating metabolic dysfunction in cellular metabolism of oral submucous fibrosis using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Publication date: Available online 21 October 2018
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Vertika Rai, Surajit Bose, Satadal Saha, Virendra Kumar, Chandan Chakraborty
Abstract
Objective
To delineate the metabolism involved in oral submucous fibrosis progression towards carcinogenesis by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Methods
The proposed study was designed using 1H-NMR by comparing the metabolites in the serum sample of oral submucous fibrosis (n = 20) compared to the normal group (n = 20) using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Various statistical analysis like multivariate statistical analysis, Principle component analysis, Partial least squares Discriminant Analysis, Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to analyze potential serum metabolites.
Results
The results generated from the principle component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis are sufficient to distinguish between oral submucous fibrosis group and normal group. A total of 15 significant metabolites associated with main pathways were identified, which correlated with the progression of cancer. Up-regulation of glucose metabolism-related metabolites indicated the high energy demand due to enhanced cell division rate in the oral submucous fibrosis group. A significant increase in lipid metabolism-related metabolites revealed the reprogramming of the fatty acids metabolic pathway to fulfilling the need for cell membrane formation in cancer cells. On the other hand, metabolites related to choline phosphocholine, the metabolic pathway was also altered.
Conclusion
Our findings could identify the differentiating metabolites in the oral submucous fibrosis group. Significant alteration in metabolites in the oral submucous fibrosis group exhibited deregulation in metabolic events. The findings reported in the study can be beneficial to further explain the molecular aspects that lead to the progression of oral submucous fibrosis towards carcinogenesis
Graphical abstract
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Salivary gland cell aggregates are derived from self-organization of acinar lineage cells
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jomy J. Varghese, M. Eva Hansen, Azmeer Sharipol, Matthew H. Ingalls, Martha A. Ormanoski, Shawn D. Newlands, Catherine E. Ovitt, Danielle S.W. Benoit
Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanism by which salivary gland cells (SGC) aggregate in vitro.
Design
Timelapse microscopy was utilized to analyze the process of salivary gland aggregate formation using both primary murine and human salivary gland cells. The role of cell density, proliferation, extracellular calcium, and secretory acinar cells in aggregate formation was investigated. Finally, the ability of cells isolated from irradiated glands to form aggregates was also evaluated.
Results
Salivary gland cell self-organization rather than proliferation was the predominant mechanism of aggregate formation in both primary mouse and human salivary gland cultures (SGC). Aggregation was found to require extracellular calcium while acinar lineage cells account for ~80% of the total aggregate cell population. Finally, aggregation was not impaired by irradiation.
Conclusions
The data reveal that aggregation occurs as a result of heterogeneous salivary gland cell self-organization rather than from stem cell proliferation and differentiation, contradicting previous dogma. These results suggest a re-evaluation of aggregate formation as a criterion defining salivary gland stem cells.
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Delineating metabolic dysfunction in cellular metabolism of oral submucous fibrosis using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Publication date: Available online 21 October 2018
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Vertika Rai, Surajit Bose, Satadal Saha, Virendra Kumar, Chandan Chakraborty
Abstract
Objective
To delineate the metabolism involved in oral submucous fibrosis progression towards carcinogenesis by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Methods
The proposed study was designed using 1H-NMR by comparing the metabolites in the serum sample of oral submucous fibrosis (n = 20) compared to the normal group (n = 20) using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Various statistical analysis like multivariate statistical analysis, Principle component analysis, Partial least squares Discriminant Analysis, Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to analyze potential serum metabolites.
Results
The results generated from the principle component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis are sufficient to distinguish between oral submucous fibrosis group and normal group. A total of 15 significant metabolites associated with main pathways were identified, which correlated with the progression of cancer. Up-regulation of glucose metabolism-related metabolites indicated the high energy demand due to enhanced cell division rate in the oral submucous fibrosis group. A significant increase in lipid metabolism-related metabolites revealed the reprogramming of the fatty acids metabolic pathway to fulfilling the need for cell membrane formation in cancer cells. On the other hand, metabolites related to choline phosphocholine, the metabolic pathway was also altered.
Conclusion
Our findings could identify the differentiating metabolites in the oral submucous fibrosis group. Significant alteration in metabolites in the oral submucous fibrosis group exhibited deregulation in metabolic events. The findings reported in the study can be beneficial to further explain the molecular aspects that lead to the progression of oral submucous fibrosis towards carcinogenesis
Graphical abstract
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Cyclosporine a – Induced gingival overgrowth and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in experimental periodontitis
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
Author(s): Lucilene Hernandes Ricardo, Renata Falchete do Prado, Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho, Felipe da Silva Peralta, Debora Pallos
Abstract
The most important microscopic characteristic of Cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth is fibroepithelial hyperplasia. Objective: The objective was to investigate the influence of previous exposure to Cyclosporine A over gingival epithelium in experimental periodontitis in rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats with 12 weeks-old were divided into four groups with 5 animals each: Control Group (CG); Cyclosporine Group (CsAG); Ligature group (LG) and Cyclosporine and Ligature Group (CsALG). Daily doses of CsA (10 mg/kg) were applied to CsAG and CsALG during 60 days since the beginning of the experiment and, a ligature was placed in LG and CsALG 30 days after the beginning of the experiment. After 60 days, animals were euthanized and gingival tissue was processed to histomorphometric analysis of epithelial thickness (mm2), immunohistochemical expression of PCNA (%) and inflammatory response. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney at 5% of significance level. Results: Considering epithelial thickness, CG was thinner than all groups, CsALG was the largest and CsAG and LG were similar between each other. Regarding the PCNA expression CG (16.46 ± 9.26) was similar to CsAG (34.47 ± 19.75) and, LG (59.02 ± 10.33) was similar to CsALG (40.59 ± 18.25). Significant difference (p < 0.05) occurred only in inflammation presence comparing CG/LG and CsAG/CsALG. A weak positive correlation between the number of PCNA+ and inflammatory cells (p = 0.001; r = 0.611) was observed. Conclusion: Based on these results it was concluded that the enlargement of gingival epithelium observed in experimental periodontits can be increased by previous exposition to CsA and inflammatory conditions enhanced proliferative activity of the keratinocytes.
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Cyclosporine a – Induced gingival overgrowth and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in experimental periodontitis
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
Author(s): Lucilene Hernandes Ricardo, Renata Falchete do Prado, Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho, Felipe da Silva Peralta, Debora Pallos
Abstract
The most important microscopic characteristic of Cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth is fibroepithelial hyperplasia. Objective: The objective was to investigate the influence of previous exposure to Cyclosporine A over gingival epithelium in experimental periodontitis in rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats with 12 weeks-old were divided into four groups with 5 animals each: Control Group (CG); Cyclosporine Group (CsAG); Ligature group (LG) and Cyclosporine and Ligature Group (CsALG). Daily doses of CsA (10 mg/kg) were applied to CsAG and CsALG during 60 days since the beginning of the experiment and, a ligature was placed in LG and CsALG 30 days after the beginning of the experiment. After 60 days, animals were euthanized and gingival tissue was processed to histomorphometric analysis of epithelial thickness (mm2), immunohistochemical expression of PCNA (%) and inflammatory response. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney at 5% of significance level. Results: Considering epithelial thickness, CG was thinner than all groups, CsALG was the largest and CsAG and LG were similar between each other. Regarding the PCNA expression CG (16.46 ± 9.26) was similar to CsAG (34.47 ± 19.75) and, LG (59.02 ± 10.33) was similar to CsALG (40.59 ± 18.25). Significant difference (p < 0.05) occurred only in inflammation presence comparing CG/LG and CsAG/CsALG. A weak positive correlation between the number of PCNA+ and inflammatory cells (p = 0.001; r = 0.611) was observed. Conclusion: Based on these results it was concluded that the enlargement of gingival epithelium observed in experimental periodontits can be increased by previous exposition to CsA and inflammatory conditions enhanced proliferative activity of the keratinocytes.
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Prenatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency affects development of atopic dermatitis via DNA methylation
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Hyun-Ju Cho, Youn Ho Sheen, Mi-Jin Kang, Seung-Hwa Lee, So-Yeon Lee, Jisun Yoon, Sungsu Jung, Si Hyeon Lee, Young-Ho Kim, Song-I. Yang, Eun Lee, Ju-Hee Seo, Kangmo Ahn, Kyung Won Kim, Dong In Suh, Hye-Sung Won, Mi-Young Lee, Soo Hyun Kim, Suk-Joo Choi, Ja-Young Kwon
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Prenatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency affects development of atopic dermatitis via DNA methylation
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Hyun-Ju Cho, Youn Ho Sheen, Mi-Jin Kang, Seung-Hwa Lee, So-Yeon Lee, Jisun Yoon, Sungsu Jung, Si Hyeon Lee, Young-Ho Kim, Song-I. Yang, Eun Lee, Ju-Hee Seo, Kangmo Ahn, Kyung Won Kim, Dong In Suh, Hye-Sung Won, Mi-Young Lee, Soo Hyun Kim, Suk-Joo Choi, Ja-Young Kwon
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Hear and Now
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
Author(s): Amy F. Juliano, Gul Moonis
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Hear and Now
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
Author(s): Amy F. Juliano, Gul Moonis
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A two ‐step culture method utilizing secreted luciferase recombinant virus for detection of anti‐cytomegalovirus compounds
Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 10, Page 651-658, October 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
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Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula antigens induce Th1/Pro ‐inflammatory cytokine responses
Parasite Immunology, EarlyView. (Source: Parasite Immunology)
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Issue Information – Cover
Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 10, Page i-ii, October 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
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Development of reference material with assigned value for human T ‐cell leukemia virus type 1 quantitative PCR in Japan
Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 10, Page 673-676, October 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
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Issue Information – Instruction for Authors
Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 10, Page 677-680, October 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
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Sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus cross ‐neutralizes dengue viruses
Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 10, Page 659-672, October 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
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A two ‐step culture method utilizing secreted luciferase recombinant virus for detection of anti‐cytomegalovirus compounds
Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 10, Page 651-658, October 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
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Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula antigens induce Th1/Pro ‐inflammatory cytokine responses
Parasite Immunology, EarlyView. (Source: Parasite Immunology)
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Issue Information – Cover
Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 10, Page i-ii, October 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
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Development of reference material with assigned value for human T ‐cell leukemia virus type 1 quantitative PCR in Japan
Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 10, Page 673-676, October 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
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Issue Information – Instruction for Authors
Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 10, Page 677-680, October 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
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Sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus cross ‐neutralizes dengue viruses
Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 10, Page 659-672, October 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
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Cumulative incidence of neck recurrence with increasing depth of invasion
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 87
Author(s): Justin R. Shinn, C. Burton Wood, Juan M. Colazo, Frank E. Harrell, Sarah L. Rohde, Kyle Mannion
Abstract
Objective
To determine if there is a critical depth of invasion that predicts micrometastasis in early oral tongue cancer.
Methods
Retrospective series identifying patients undergoing primary surgical resection of T1 or T2 oral tongue cancer who elected against neck treatment between 2000 and 2015. Cox proportional-hazard model compared the relative hazard and cumulative incidence of recurrence to depth of invasion. The model used a 2 parameter quadratic effect for depth that was chosen based on Akaike's information criterion.
Results
Ninety-three patients were identified with T1 or T2 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and clinically N0 neck undergoing glossectomy without elective neck treatment. 61% were male and median age was 60 years. Median follow up was 45 months, and 76 patients had at least two years of follow up. Thirty-six of 76 patients recurred (47.4%), with 15 recurring in the oral cavity (19.7%) and 21 developing nodal metastasis (27.6%). Cox proportional-hazards quadratic polynomial showed increasing hazard of recurrence with depth of invasion and the cumulative incidence increased sharply within the range of data from 2 to 6 mm depth of invasion.
Conclusions
Depth of invasion is significantly associated with nodal metastasis and has been added to the 8th AJCC staging guidelines. Variable depths of invasion have been associated with regional metastasis; however, there is likely not a critical depth that predicts neck recurrence due to progressive hazards and cumulative risk of occult metastasis. The risk of regional metastasis is likely much greater than previously believed and increases progressively with increasing depth.
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Modelling the distribution of white matter hyperintensities due to ageing on MRI images using Bayesian inference
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: NeuroImage
Author(s): Vaanathi Sundaresan, Ludovica Griffanti, Petya Kindalova, Fidel Alfaro-Almagro, Giovanna Zamboni, Peter M. Rothwell, Thomas E. Nichols, Mark Jenkinson
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH), also known as white matter lesions, are localised white matter areas that appear hyperintense on MRI scans. WMH commonly occur in the ageing population, and are often associated with several factors such as cognitive disorders, cardiovascular risk factors, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the fact that some links between lesion location and parametric factors such as age have already been established, the relationship between voxel-wise spatial distribution of lesions and these factors is not yet well understood. Hence, it would be of clinical importance to model the distribution of lesions at the population-level and quantitatively analyse the effect of various factors on the lesion distribution model.
In this work we compare various methods, including our proposed method, to generate voxel-wise distributions of WMH within a population with respect to various factors. Our proposed Bayesian spline method models the spatio-temporal distribution of WMH with respect to a parametric factor of interest, in this case age, within a population. Our probabilistic model takes as input the lesion segmentation binary maps of subjects belonging to various age groups and provides a population-level parametric lesion probability map as output. We used a spline representation to ensure a degree of smoothness in space and the dimension associated with the parameter, and formulated our model using a Bayesian framework.
We tested our algorithm output on simulated data and compared our results with those obtained using various existing methods with different levels of algorithmic and computational complexity. We then compared the better performing methods on a real dataset, consisting of 1000 subjects of the UK Biobank, divided in two groups based on hypertension diagnosis. Finally, we applied our method on a clinical dataset of patients with vascular disease.
On simulated dataset, the results from our algorithm showed a mean square error (MSE) value of 7.27×10−5, which was lower than the MSE value reported in the literature, with the advantage of being robust and computationally efficient. In the UK Biobank data, we found that the lesion probabilities are higher for the hypertension group compared to the non-hypertension group and further verified this finding using a statistical t-test. Finally, when applying our method on patients with vascular disease, we observed that the overall probability of lesions is significantly higher in later age groups, which is in line with the current literature.
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Archetypes of human cognition defined by time preference for reward and their brain correlates: An evolutionary trade-off approach
Publication date: Available online 21 October 2018
Source: NeuroImage
Author(s): Giorgia Cona, Loren Koçillari, Alessandro Palombit, Alessandra Bertoldo, Amos Maritan, Maurizio Corbetta
Abstract
Biological systems carry out multiple tasks in their lifetime, which, in the course of evolution, may lead to trade-offs. In fact phenotypes (different species, individuals within a species, circuits, bacteria, proteins, etc.) cannot be optimal at all tasks, and, according to Pareto optimality theory, lay into a well-defined geometrical distribution (polygons and/or polyhedrons) in the space of traits. The vertices of this distribution contain archetypes, namely phenotypes that are specialists at one of the tasks, whereas phenotypes toward the center of the geometrical distribution show average performance across tasks.
We applied this theory to the variability of cognitive and behavioral scores measured in 1206 individuals from the Human Connectome Project. Among all possible combinations of pairs of traits, we found the best fit to Pareto optimality when individuals were plotted in the trait-space of time preferences for reward, evaluated with the Delay Discounting Task (DDT). The DDT measures subjects' preference in choosing either immediate smaller rewards or delayed larger rewards. Time preference for reward was described by a triangular distribution in which each of the three vertices included individuals who used a particular strategy to discount reward. These archetypes accounted for variability on many cognitive, personality, and socioeconomic status variables, as well as differences in brain structure and functional connectivity, with only a weak influence of genetics. In summary, time preference for reward reflects a core variable that biases human phenotypes via natural and cultural selection.
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Cumulative incidence of neck recurrence with increasing depth of invasion
Publication date: December 2018
Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 87
Author(s): Justin R. Shinn, C. Burton Wood, Juan M. Colazo, Frank E. Harrell, Sarah L. Rohde, Kyle Mannion
Abstract
Objective
To determine if there is a critical depth of invasion that predicts micrometastasis in early oral tongue cancer.
Methods
Retrospective series identifying patients undergoing primary surgical resection of T1 or T2 oral tongue cancer who elected against neck treatment between 2000 and 2015. Cox proportional-hazard model compared the relative hazard and cumulative incidence of recurrence to depth of invasion. The model used a 2 parameter quadratic effect for depth that was chosen based on Akaike's information criterion.
Results
Ninety-three patients were identified with T1 or T2 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and clinically N0 neck undergoing glossectomy without elective neck treatment. 61% were male and median age was 60 years. Median follow up was 45 months, and 76 patients had at least two years of follow up. Thirty-six of 76 patients recurred (47.4%), with 15 recurring in the oral cavity (19.7%) and 21 developing nodal metastasis (27.6%). Cox proportional-hazards quadratic polynomial showed increasing hazard of recurrence with depth of invasion and the cumulative incidence increased sharply within the range of data from 2 to 6 mm depth of invasion.
Conclusions
Depth of invasion is significantly associated with nodal metastasis and has been added to the 8th AJCC staging guidelines. Variable depths of invasion have been associated with regional metastasis; however, there is likely not a critical depth that predicts neck recurrence due to progressive hazards and cumulative risk of occult metastasis. The risk of regional metastasis is likely much greater than previously believed and increases progressively with increasing depth.
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Modelling the distribution of white matter hyperintensities due to ageing on MRI images using Bayesian inference
Publication date: Available online 22 October 2018
Source: NeuroImage
Author(s): Vaanathi Sundaresan, Ludovica Griffanti, Petya Kindalova, Fidel Alfaro-Almagro, Giovanna Zamboni, Peter M. Rothwell, Thomas E. Nichols, Mark Jenkinson
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH), also known as white matter lesions, are localised white matter areas that appear hyperintense on MRI scans. WMH commonly occur in the ageing population, and are often associated with several factors such as cognitive disorders, cardiovascular risk factors, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the fact that some links between lesion location and parametric factors such as age have already been established, the relationship between voxel-wise spatial distribution of lesions and these factors is not yet well understood. Hence, it would be of clinical importance to model the distribution of lesions at the population-level and quantitatively analyse the effect of various factors on the lesion distribution model.
In this work we compare various methods, including our proposed method, to generate voxel-wise distributions of WMH within a population with respect to various factors. Our proposed Bayesian spline method models the spatio-temporal distribution of WMH with respect to a parametric factor of interest, in this case age, within a population. Our probabilistic model takes as input the lesion segmentation binary maps of subjects belonging to various age groups and provides a population-level parametric lesion probability map as output. We used a spline representation to ensure a degree of smoothness in space and the dimension associated with the parameter, and formulated our model using a Bayesian framework.
We tested our algorithm output on simulated data and compared our results with those obtained using various existing methods with different levels of algorithmic and computational complexity. We then compared the better performing methods on a real dataset, consisting of 1000 subjects of the UK Biobank, divided in two groups based on hypertension diagnosis. Finally, we applied our method on a clinical dataset of patients with vascular disease.
On simulated dataset, the results from our algorithm showed a mean square error (MSE) value of 7.27×10−5, which was lower than the MSE value reported in the literature, with the advantage of being robust and computationally efficient. In the UK Biobank data, we found that the lesion probabilities are higher for the hypertension group compared to the non-hypertension group and further verified this finding using a statistical t-test. Finally, when applying our method on patients with vascular disease, we observed that the overall probability of lesions is significantly higher in later age groups, which is in line with the current literature.
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Archetypes of human cognition defined by time preference for reward and their brain correlates: An evolutionary trade-off approach
Publication date: Available online 21 October 2018
Source: NeuroImage
Author(s): Giorgia Cona, Loren Koçillari, Alessandro Palombit, Alessandra Bertoldo, Amos Maritan, Maurizio Corbetta
Abstract
Biological systems carry out multiple tasks in their lifetime, which, in the course of evolution, may lead to trade-offs. In fact phenotypes (different species, individuals within a species, circuits, bacteria, proteins, etc.) cannot be optimal at all tasks, and, according to Pareto optimality theory, lay into a well-defined geometrical distribution (polygons and/or polyhedrons) in the space of traits. The vertices of this distribution contain archetypes, namely phenotypes that are specialists at one of the tasks, whereas phenotypes toward the center of the geometrical distribution show average performance across tasks.
We applied this theory to the variability of cognitive and behavioral scores measured in 1206 individuals from the Human Connectome Project. Among all possible combinations of pairs of traits, we found the best fit to Pareto optimality when individuals were plotted in the trait-space of time preferences for reward, evaluated with the Delay Discounting Task (DDT). The DDT measures subjects' preference in choosing either immediate smaller rewards or delayed larger rewards. Time preference for reward was described by a triangular distribution in which each of the three vertices included individuals who used a particular strategy to discount reward. These archetypes accounted for variability on many cognitive, personality, and socioeconomic status variables, as well as differences in brain structure and functional connectivity, with only a weak influence of genetics. In summary, time preference for reward reflects a core variable that biases human phenotypes via natural and cultural selection.
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Rosindone Revisited: A Computational and Photophysical Study of 7-Phenylbenzo[a]phenazine-5(7H)-one (PBP)
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2018, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00279G, Paper
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00279G, Paper
A C Benniston, Dumitru Sirbu, Rebecca Wales, David Geary, Paul G Waddell
A reasonable gram quantity of the crystalline red dye 7-phenylbenzo[a]phenazine-5(7H)-one (PBP) was synthesised by the condensation of N-phenylbezene-1,2-diamine with 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione in acetic acid (58% yield). The molecular structure of the...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
A reasonable gram quantity of the crystalline red dye 7-phenylbenzo[a]phenazine-5(7H)-one (PBP) was synthesised by the condensation of N-phenylbezene-1,2-diamine with 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione in acetic acid (58% yield). The molecular structure of the...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Rosindone Revisited: A Computational and Photophysical Study of 7-Phenylbenzo[a]phenazine-5(7H)-one (PBP)
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2018, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00279G, Paper
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00279G, Paper
A C Benniston, Dumitru Sirbu, Rebecca Wales, David Geary, Paul G Waddell
A reasonable gram quantity of the crystalline red dye 7-phenylbenzo[a]phenazine-5(7H)-one (PBP) was synthesised by the condensation of N-phenylbezene-1,2-diamine with 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione in acetic acid (58% yield). The molecular structure of the...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
A reasonable gram quantity of the crystalline red dye 7-phenylbenzo[a]phenazine-5(7H)-one (PBP) was synthesised by the condensation of N-phenylbezene-1,2-diamine with 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione in acetic acid (58% yield). The molecular structure of the...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Association of Malassezia to Atopic Dermatitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic, inherited, relapsing, inflammatory skin condition. A multifactorial etiology has been postulated, including genetic and immunological factors, impaired skin barrier function and environmental triggers, all of them are relevant in the pathogenesis.Malassezia spp. is the most common fungi of the skin microbiome. Most of the studies comparing the skin colonization withMalassezia spp. in healthy people and AD patients did not show difference between both groups. This review aims to show the studies carried out in this regard and the reported evidence about the role ofMalassezia spp. in the pathogenesis of AD.Recent FindingsThe rate of IgE-mediated sensitizationMalassezia spp. is very high in AD patients, mainly in adult patie...
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Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBreast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a recently recognised malignancy of T lymphocytes exclusively associated with textured breast implants. This review aims to evaluate existing theories regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical evaluation and management of the disease.Recent FindingsThe true incidence of BIA-ALCL is difficult to define. Prevailing pathogenic theories recognise the interplay between textured implants, Gram-negative bacteria, host genetics (e.g. JAK/STAT, p53) and time. Patients typically present with a delayed seroma and less commonly with a capsular mass or systemic disease at an average of 8 –10 years after implantation. BIA-ALCL staging has evolved from a "liquid tumour" model to a "solid tumo...
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TRAF2 Deficiency in B Cells Impairs CD40-Induced Isotype Switching That Can Be Rescued by Restoring NF- κB1 Activation.
TRAF2 Deficiency in B Cells Impairs CD40-Induced Isotype Switching That Can Be Rescued by Restoring NF-κB1 Activation. J Immunol. 2018 Oct 19;: Authors: Woolaver RA, Wang X, Dollin Y, Xie P, Wang JH, Chen Z Abstract Effective humoral immunity requires class switch recombination (CSR) catalyzed by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). In response to T cell-dependent (TD) Ags, CSR can be induced by CD40 signaling in B cells. TNFR-associated factors 2 and 3 (TRAF2/TRAF3) function as adaptors of the CD40 signaling pathway. B cell-intrinsic TRAF2 or TRAF3 (B-TRAF2 or B-TRAF3) knockout mice were previously reported to have indistinguishable phenotypes in gene expression, B cell survival and development, and enlarged peripheral lymphoid organs. However, it remains unk...
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mTOR- and SGK-Mediated Connexin 43 Expression Participates in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophage Migration through the iNOS/Src/FAK Axis.
In this study, we characterized a novel signaling pathway for LPS-induced Cx43 expression in RAW264.7 cells and thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (TGEMs). LPS alone or LPS-containing conditioned medium (CM) upregulated Cx43. Overexpression or silencing of Cx43 led to the enhancement or inhibition, respectively, of CM-induced TGEM migration. This response involved the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src pathways. Moreover, CM-induced migration was compromised in TGEMs from Cx43+/- mice compared with TGEMs from Cx43+/+ littermates. Cx43 was upregulated by a serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK) activator and downregulated, along with inhibition of CM-induced TGEM migration, by knockdown of the SGK gene or blockade of the SGK pathway. LPS-induced S...
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Targeted Diet Modification Reduces Multiple Sclerosis-like Disease in Adult Marmoset Monkeys from an Outbred Colony.
In conclusion, targeted dietary intervention exerts positive effects on EAE-related parameters in multiple compartments of the marmoset's gut-immune-CNS axis. PMID: 30341184 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Immunology)
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An Invariant Arginine in Common with MHC Class II Allows Extension at the C-Terminal End of Peptides Bound to Chicken MHC Class I.
Authors: Xiao J, Xiang W, Zhang Y, Peng W, Zhao M, Niu L, Chai Y, Qi J, Wang F, Qi P, Pan C, Han L, Wang M, Kaufman J, Gao GF, Liu WJ Abstract MHC molecules are found in all jawed vertebrates and are known to present peptides to T lymphocytes. In mammals, peptides can hang out either end of the peptide-binding groove of classical class II molecules, whereas the N and C termini of peptides are typically tightly bound to specific pockets in classical class I molecules. The chicken MHC, like many nonmammalian vertebrates, has a single dominantly expressed classical class I molecule encoded by the BF2 locus. We determined the structures of BF2*1201 bound to two peptides and found that the C terminus of one peptide hangs outside of the groove with a conformation much like the peptides b...
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Divergent TCR-Initiated Calcium Signals Govern Recruitment versus Activation of Human Alloreactive Effector Memory T Cells by Endothelial Cells.
We report that extracellular calcium entry via CRAC channels is the dominant contributor to cytokine expression, but paradoxically these same inhibitors potentiate TEM. Instead, calcium entry via TRPV1, L-Type Cav, and pannexin-1/P2X receptors appear to control TCR-driven TEM. These data reveal new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression. PMID: 30341183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Immunology)
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Association of Malassezia to Atopic Dermatitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic, inherited, relapsing, inflammatory skin condition. A multifactorial etiology has been postulated, including genetic and immunological factors, impaired skin barrier function and environmental triggers, all of them are relevant in the pathogenesis.Malassezia spp. is the most common fungi of the skin microbiome. Most of the studies comparing the skin colonization withMalassezia spp. in healthy people and AD patients did not show difference between both groups. This review aims to show the studies carried out in this regard and the reported evidence about the role ofMalassezia spp. in the pathogenesis of AD.Recent FindingsThe rate of IgE-mediated sensitizationMalassezia spp. is very high in AD patients, mainly in adult patie...
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Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBreast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a recently recognised malignancy of T lymphocytes exclusively associated with textured breast implants. This review aims to evaluate existing theories regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical evaluation and management of the disease.Recent FindingsThe true incidence of BIA-ALCL is difficult to define. Prevailing pathogenic theories recognise the interplay between textured implants, Gram-negative bacteria, host genetics (e.g. JAK/STAT, p53) and time. Patients typically present with a delayed seroma and less commonly with a capsular mass or systemic disease at an average of 8 –10 years after implantation. BIA-ALCL staging has evolved from a "liquid tumour" model to a "solid tumo...
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TRAF2 Deficiency in B Cells Impairs CD40-Induced Isotype Switching That Can Be Rescued by Restoring NF- κB1 Activation.
TRAF2 Deficiency in B Cells Impairs CD40-Induced Isotype Switching That Can Be Rescued by Restoring NF-κB1 Activation. J Immunol. 2018 Oct 19;: Authors: Woolaver RA, Wang X, Dollin Y, Xie P, Wang JH, Chen Z Abstract Effective humoral immunity requires class switch recombination (CSR) catalyzed by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). In response to T cell-dependent (TD) Ags, CSR can be induced by CD40 signaling in B cells. TNFR-associated factors 2 and 3 (TRAF2/TRAF3) function as adaptors of the CD40 signaling pathway. B cell-intrinsic TRAF2 or TRAF3 (B-TRAF2 or B-TRAF3) knockout mice were previously reported to have indistinguishable phenotypes in gene expression, B cell survival and development, and enlarged peripheral lymphoid organs. However, it remains unk...
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mTOR- and SGK-Mediated Connexin 43 Expression Participates in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophage Migration through the iNOS/Src/FAK Axis.
In this study, we characterized a novel signaling pathway for LPS-induced Cx43 expression in RAW264.7 cells and thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (TGEMs). LPS alone or LPS-containing conditioned medium (CM) upregulated Cx43. Overexpression or silencing of Cx43 led to the enhancement or inhibition, respectively, of CM-induced TGEM migration. This response involved the inducible NO synthase (iNOS)/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Src pathways. Moreover, CM-induced migration was compromised in TGEMs from Cx43+/- mice compared with TGEMs from Cx43+/+ littermates. Cx43 was upregulated by a serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK) activator and downregulated, along with inhibition of CM-induced TGEM migration, by knockdown of the SGK gene or blockade of the SGK pathway. LPS-induced S...
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An Invariant Arginine in Common with MHC Class II Allows Extension at the C-Terminal End of Peptides Bound to Chicken MHC Class I.
Authors: Xiao J, Xiang W, Zhang Y, Peng W, Zhao M, Niu L, Chai Y, Qi J, Wang F, Qi P, Pan C, Han L, Wang M, Kaufman J, Gao GF, Liu WJ Abstract MHC molecules are found in all jawed vertebrates and are known to present peptides to T lymphocytes. In mammals, peptides can hang out either end of the peptide-binding groove of classical class II molecules, whereas the N and C termini of peptides are typically tightly bound to specific pockets in classical class I molecules. The chicken MHC, like many nonmammalian vertebrates, has a single dominantly expressed classical class I molecule encoded by the BF2 locus. We determined the structures of BF2*1201 bound to two peptides and found that the C terminus of one peptide hangs outside of the groove with a conformation much like the peptides b...
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Targeted Diet Modification Reduces Multiple Sclerosis-like Disease in Adult Marmoset Monkeys from an Outbred Colony.
In conclusion, targeted dietary intervention exerts positive effects on EAE-related parameters in multiple compartments of the marmoset's gut-immune-CNS axis. PMID: 30341184 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Immunology)
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Divergent TCR-Initiated Calcium Signals Govern Recruitment versus Activation of Human Alloreactive Effector Memory T Cells by Endothelial Cells.
We report that extracellular calcium entry via CRAC channels is the dominant contributor to cytokine expression, but paradoxically these same inhibitors potentiate TEM. Instead, calcium entry via TRPV1, L-Type Cav, and pannexin-1/P2X receptors appear to control TCR-driven TEM. These data reveal new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression. PMID: 30341183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Immunology)
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The law of food allergy and accommodation in Canadian schools
There is ongoing controversy surrounding the appropriate standards and limits of accommodation of children with food allergies in schools. We identify and explain how relevant Canadian common law, legislation,...
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Pitfalls of immunotherapy: lessons from a patient with CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency
Daclizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks CD25, the high affinity alpha subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor. Daclizumab therapy targets T regulatory cell and activated effector T cell prolife...
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The law of food allergy and accommodation in Canadian schools
There is ongoing controversy surrounding the appropriate standards and limits of accommodation of children with food allergies in schools. We identify and explain how relevant Canadian common law, legislation,...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OH4XQk
Pitfalls of immunotherapy: lessons from a patient with CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency
Daclizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks CD25, the high affinity alpha subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor. Daclizumab therapy targets T regulatory cell and activated effector T cell prolife...
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Effects of boric acid on bone formation after maxillary sinus floor augmentation in rabbits
ConclusionSignificant higher new bone formation was revealed by BA at early healing especially with local application. BA may be a therapeutic option for improving the bone regeneration. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Effects of boric acid on bone formation after maxillary sinus floor augmentation in rabbits
ConclusionSignificant higher new bone formation was revealed by BA at early healing especially with local application. BA may be a therapeutic option for improving the bone regeneration. (Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Κυριακή 21 Οκτωβρίου 2018
Clinical, Immunological and Microbiological Evaluation of Experimental Gingivitis and Peri-implant Mucositis
Conditions: Gingivitis; Mucositis Intervention: Behavioral: Experimentally induced plaque Sponsor: University of Campinas, Brazil Completed (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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A Clinical Trial of Reproxalap in Subjects With Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis Using the Environmental Exposure Chamber
Condition: Conjunctivitis, Allergic Interventions: Drug: Reproxalap Ophthalmic Solution (0.25%); Drug: Reproxalap Ophthalmic Solution (0.5%); Drug: Vehicle Ophthalmic Solution Sponsor: Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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mHealth Physical Activity Trial for Older HIV-infected Adults (mFIT)
Condition: HIV Interventions: Other: Digital Activity Tracker; Other: Smart Text Messaging; Other: Physical Activity Counseling Sponsors: Johns Hopkins University; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Tailored Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment in Patients With Penicillin Allergy
Condition: Helicobacter Pylori Infection Interventions: Drug: Esomeprazole; Drug: Bismuth Potassium Citrate; Drug: Clarithromycin; Drug: Metronidazole; Drug: Levofloxacin; Drug: Tetracycline Sponsor: Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Evaluating the Impact of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies VRC01LS and 10-1074 on Maintenance of HIV Suppression in a Cohort of Early-Treated Children in Botswana (Dual bNAb Treatment in Children)
Condition: HIV Infection Interventions: Drug: ART; Biological: VRC01LS; Biological: 10-1074 Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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A Safety and Efficacy Study of Intranasal GSK2245035 in Adults With Allergic Asthma
Condition: Asthma Interventions: Drug: GSK2245035; Drug: Placebo; Drug: FP-DPI; Drug: Albuterol/Salbutamol; Other: eDairy; Other: ACQ-6 Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline Withdrawn (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Pharmacokinetics of SAR441236
Condition: HIV-1-infection Interventions: Biological: SAR441236; Biological: Placebo; Drug: Antiretroviral treatment Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Evaluating Asthma Exacerbation-induced Changes in Lung Function With a Home-based Spirometer
Conditions: Asthma; Asthma Attack; Asthma, Allergic Intervention: Device: VitalFlo spirometer Sponsors: VitalFlo Inc.; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Effect of Providing Stratification of Low Risk Penicillin Allergies on Penicillin Allergy Label Removal in ICU Setting
Condition: Penicillin Allergy Intervention: Other: Penicillin Allergic Risk Stratification Best Practice Alert Sponsors: Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (Learning Healthcare System) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Yoga Training in Allergic Rhinitis Patients
Condition: Allergic Rhinitis Intervention: Other: Yoga training Sponsor: Chulalongkorn University Completed (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PJaRgt
Clinical, Immunological and Microbiological Evaluation of Experimental Gingivitis and Peri-implant Mucositis
Conditions: Gingivitis; Mucositis Intervention: Behavioral: Experimentally induced plaque Sponsor: University of Campinas, Brazil Completed (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CV3sYR
A Clinical Trial of Reproxalap in Subjects With Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis Using the Environmental Exposure Chamber
Condition: Conjunctivitis, Allergic Interventions: Drug: Reproxalap Ophthalmic Solution (0.25%); Drug: Reproxalap Ophthalmic Solution (0.5%); Drug: Vehicle Ophthalmic Solution Sponsor: Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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mHealth Physical Activity Trial for Older HIV-infected Adults (mFIT)
Condition: HIV Interventions: Other: Digital Activity Tracker; Other: Smart Text Messaging; Other: Physical Activity Counseling Sponsors: Johns Hopkins University; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Tailored Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment in Patients With Penicillin Allergy
Condition: Helicobacter Pylori Infection Interventions: Drug: Esomeprazole; Drug: Bismuth Potassium Citrate; Drug: Clarithromycin; Drug: Metronidazole; Drug: Levofloxacin; Drug: Tetracycline Sponsor: Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Evaluating the Impact of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies VRC01LS and 10-1074 on Maintenance of HIV Suppression in a Cohort of Early-Treated Children in Botswana (Dual bNAb Treatment in Children)
Condition: HIV Infection Interventions: Drug: ART; Biological: VRC01LS; Biological: 10-1074 Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CYv8fk
A Safety and Efficacy Study of Intranasal GSK2245035 in Adults With Allergic Asthma
Condition: Asthma Interventions: Drug: GSK2245035; Drug: Placebo; Drug: FP-DPI; Drug: Albuterol/Salbutamol; Other: eDairy; Other: ACQ-6 Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline Withdrawn (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Pharmacokinetics of SAR441236
Condition: HIV-1-infection Interventions: Biological: SAR441236; Biological: Placebo; Drug: Antiretroviral treatment Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CV3jVj
Evaluating Asthma Exacerbation-induced Changes in Lung Function With a Home-based Spirometer
Conditions: Asthma; Asthma Attack; Asthma, Allergic Intervention: Device: VitalFlo spirometer Sponsors: VitalFlo Inc.; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PJaZfX
Effect of Providing Stratification of Low Risk Penicillin Allergies on Penicillin Allergy Label Removal in ICU Setting
Condition: Penicillin Allergy Intervention: Other: Penicillin Allergic Risk Stratification Best Practice Alert Sponsors: Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (Learning Healthcare System) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Yoga Training in Allergic Rhinitis Patients
Condition: Allergic Rhinitis Intervention: Other: Yoga training Sponsor: Chulalongkorn University Completed (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Scope of surface modified molecular and nanomaterials in gel/liquid form for developing mechanically flexible DSSC/QDSSC.
Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2018, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00293B, Perspective
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00293B, Perspective
Soorya Sasi, Sunish K. Sugunan, Pankajakshan Radhakrishnan Nair, K. R. Venkata Subramanian, Suresh Mathew
Advanced lifestyle of human race demands heavy usage of various gadgets which requires copious supply of energy for uninterrupted functioning. With the sources of fossil fuels about to be depleted...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Advanced lifestyle of human race demands heavy usage of various gadgets which requires copious supply of energy for uninterrupted functioning. With the sources of fossil fuels about to be depleted...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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