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Updated Date: Dec 21, 2018 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates)
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Updated Date: Dec 21, 2018 EST (Source: DailyMed Drug Label Updates)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2ELg7O4
To assess periodontal awareness among laypersons, to characterise the very aware of periodontitis, and to disclose whether high awareness implies sufficient periodontal knowledge.
Subjects and methods: Cross‐sectional study on laypersons randomly selected by quota sampling from March 2015 to June 2016. The questionnaire of periodontal awareness included aspects of aetiology, risk factors, signs & symptoms, related risks, prevention, treatment, and related attitudes. It was applied by 12 interviewers in the community in each four province capitals, in a sort of pathfinder survey method.
A 43.3% response rate was obtained, and 3,553 people entered the study. "Very aware": 19.4%. "Aware": 42.7%. "Not aware": 37.9%. Age, oral self‐care, and educational achievements characterized those "very aware". Any additional degree beyond compulsory education halves the chances for being "not periodontally aware". Very aware people likely to have periodontitis were elder, less educated, with a smoking history and less knowledge of the disease. Gaps of knowledge among the "very aware" were identified in all aspects except for "prevention" and "treatment".
Very periodontally aware people were in their late 40s‐60s, followed sound oral care routines, and held a degree but elicited insufficient knowledge about aetiology, signs‐symptoms, related risks, or periodontal risk factors.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
To assess periodontal awareness among laypersons, to characterise the very aware of periodontitis, and to disclose whether high awareness implies sufficient periodontal knowledge.
Subjects and methods: Cross‐sectional study on laypersons randomly selected by quota sampling from March 2015 to June 2016. The questionnaire of periodontal awareness included aspects of aetiology, risk factors, signs & symptoms, related risks, prevention, treatment, and related attitudes. It was applied by 12 interviewers in the community in each four province capitals, in a sort of pathfinder survey method.
A 43.3% response rate was obtained, and 3,553 people entered the study. "Very aware": 19.4%. "Aware": 42.7%. "Not aware": 37.9%. Age, oral self‐care, and educational achievements characterized those "very aware". Any additional degree beyond compulsory education halves the chances for being "not periodontally aware". Very aware people likely to have periodontitis were elder, less educated, with a smoking history and less knowledge of the disease. Gaps of knowledge among the "very aware" were identified in all aspects except for "prevention" and "treatment".
Very periodontally aware people were in their late 40s‐60s, followed sound oral care routines, and held a degree but elicited insufficient knowledge about aetiology, signs‐symptoms, related risks, or periodontal risk factors.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has recently been applied in humans to quantify the magnetic susceptibility of collagen fibrils in the articular cartilage.
To determine the ability of QSM to detect cartilage matrix degeneration between normal and early knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients.
Prospective.
Twenty‐four patients with knee OA and 24 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls.
3D gradient echo, T1 turbo spin echo, and proton density‐weighted (PDw) spectral attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR) sequence at 3.0T.
Scan–rescan reproducibility of the susceptibility values in the cartilage was assessed in control subjects. Cartilage thickness, volume, mean, and standard deviation (SD) of susceptibility values of the cartilage compartments were compared between normal and OA patients. The relationship between magnetic susceptibility values and cartilage lesion grading based on MR images was studied.
The Wilcoxon Rank‐Sum test was used to compare cartilage thickness, volume, mean, and SD of susceptibility values between control subjects and OA patients. A Spearman rank correlation was performed to study the relationship between the mean and SD of susceptibility values and the cartilage thinning grades.
The SD of magnetic susceptibility values in the knee cartilage was significantly lower in OA patients compared with healthy controls, and it decreased with more severe MR grades of cartilage thinning degeneration. Significant correlations between the SD of susceptibility values and cartilage thinning grades were observed with R2 = 0.64 and P = 0.000, R2 = 0.47 and P = 0.002, R2 = 0.52 and P = 0.001, R2 = 0.42 and P = 0.0006, and R2 = 0.67 and P = 0.000 for medial femoral condyle (MFC), lateral femoral condyle (LFC), medial tibia (MT), lateral tibia (LT), and patella, respectively. No significant difference was found in cartilage volume (P = 0.17, P = 0.13, P = 0.20, P = 0.25, and P = 0.18 for MFC, LFC, MT, LT, and patella, respectively) and thickness (P = 0.31, P = 0.19, P = 0.16, P = 0.09, and P = 0.22 for MFC, LFC, MT, LT, and patella, respectively) between OA patients and healthy controls.
The variations of susceptibility values in the knee cartilage decrease with the degree of cartilage degeneration. QSM may be a sensitive indicator for alteration of the collagen network and shows potential to detect cartilage degeneration at early stage.
Level of Evidence: 2
Technical Efficacy: Stage 3
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has proven to be useful for assessing chronic liver disease. However, MRE images are acquired with breath‐holding (BH) to limit respiratory motion artifacts, which may be difficult in some patients.
To implement a respiratory‐triggered (RT) spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging (SE‐EPI) MRE technique and to validate its performance through comparison to a BH SE‐EPI MRE technique.
Prospective feasibility study.
Twenty‐three adult volunteers (18 without and 5 with liver disease).
1.5 T Philips Ingenia MR scanner; RT and BH SE‐EPI MRE sequences.
Four axial images were obtained through the middle of the liver with each technique. Liver stiffness measurements (in kPa) were made from elastograms, with 95% confidence maps overlaid, for both MRE sequences.
Liver stiffness measurements were compared using the paired t‐test (two‐sided). Absolute agreement between the two techniques was evaluated using Lin's concordance coefficient (rc). Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the mean bias between the techniques and 95% limits of agreement, using BH MRE as the reference standard.
There was excellent agreement (rc = 0.98; 95% confidence interval: 0.96–0.99) between RT and BH SE‐EPI MRE. Mean (±SD) stiffness values from BH and RT SE‐EPI MRE techniques were 2.40 ± 1.15 kPa and 2.37 ± 1.06 kPa, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.54) and no significant bias (mean bias of +0.03 kPa; 95% limits of agreement: –0.39 to 0.45 kPa). Measurable regions of interest in the liver were slightly smaller with the RT technique (mean difference of 1.91 cm2; P = 0.04).
RT SE‐EPI MRE is feasible and yields comparable results to BH SE‐EPI MRE.
Level of Evidence: 1
Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
Quantitative MRI can detect early changes in cartilage biochemical components, but its routine clinical implementation is challenging.
To introduce a novel technique to measure T1 and T2 along radial sections of the hip for accurate and reproducible multiparametric quantitative cartilage assessment in a clinically feasible scan time.
Reproducibility, technical validation.
A seven‐compartment phantom and three healthy volunteers.
A novel MR pulse sequence that simultaneously measures proton density (PD), T1, and T2 at 3 T was developed. Automatic positioning and semiautomatic cartilage segmentation were implemented to improve consistency and simplify workflow.
Intra‐ and interscanner variability of our technique was assessed over multiple scans on three different MR scanners.
For each scan, the median of cartilage T1 and T2 over six radial slices was calculated. Restricted maximum likelihood estimation of variance components was used to estimate intrasubject variances reflecting variation between results from the two scans using the same scanner (intrascanner variance) and variation among results from the three scanners (interscanner variance).
The estimation error for T1 and T2 with respect to reference standard measurements was less than 3% on average for the phantom. The average interscanner coefficient of variation was 1.5% (1.2–1.9%) and 0.9% (0.0–3.7%) for T1 and T2, respectively, in the seven compartments of the phantom. Total scan time in vivo was 7:13 minutes to obtain PD, T1, and T2 maps along six radial hip sections at 0.6 × 0.6 × 4.0 mm3 voxel resolution. Interscanner variability for the in vivo study was 1.99% and 5.46% for T1 and T2, respectively. in vivo intrascanner variability was 1.15% for T1 and 3.24% for T2.
Our method, which includes slice positioning, model‐based parameter estimation, and cartilage segmentation, is highly reproducible. It could enable employing quantitative hip cartilage evaluation for longitudinal and multicenter studies.
Level of Evidence: 1
Technical Efficacy: Stage 1
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has recently been applied in humans to quantify the magnetic susceptibility of collagen fibrils in the articular cartilage.
To determine the ability of QSM to detect cartilage matrix degeneration between normal and early knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients.
Prospective.
Twenty‐four patients with knee OA and 24 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls.
3D gradient echo, T1 turbo spin echo, and proton density‐weighted (PDw) spectral attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR) sequence at 3.0T.
Scan–rescan reproducibility of the susceptibility values in the cartilage was assessed in control subjects. Cartilage thickness, volume, mean, and standard deviation (SD) of susceptibility values of the cartilage compartments were compared between normal and OA patients. The relationship between magnetic susceptibility values and cartilage lesion grading based on MR images was studied.
The Wilcoxon Rank‐Sum test was used to compare cartilage thickness, volume, mean, and SD of susceptibility values between control subjects and OA patients. A Spearman rank correlation was performed to study the relationship between the mean and SD of susceptibility values and the cartilage thinning grades.
The SD of magnetic susceptibility values in the knee cartilage was significantly lower in OA patients compared with healthy controls, and it decreased with more severe MR grades of cartilage thinning degeneration. Significant correlations between the SD of susceptibility values and cartilage thinning grades were observed with R2 = 0.64 and P = 0.000, R2 = 0.47 and P = 0.002, R2 = 0.52 and P = 0.001, R2 = 0.42 and P = 0.0006, and R2 = 0.67 and P = 0.000 for medial femoral condyle (MFC), lateral femoral condyle (LFC), medial tibia (MT), lateral tibia (LT), and patella, respectively. No significant difference was found in cartilage volume (P = 0.17, P = 0.13, P = 0.20, P = 0.25, and P = 0.18 for MFC, LFC, MT, LT, and patella, respectively) and thickness (P = 0.31, P = 0.19, P = 0.16, P = 0.09, and P = 0.22 for MFC, LFC, MT, LT, and patella, respectively) between OA patients and healthy controls.
The variations of susceptibility values in the knee cartilage decrease with the degree of cartilage degeneration. QSM may be a sensitive indicator for alteration of the collagen network and shows potential to detect cartilage degeneration at early stage.
Level of Evidence: 2
Technical Efficacy: Stage 3
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has proven to be useful for assessing chronic liver disease. However, MRE images are acquired with breath‐holding (BH) to limit respiratory motion artifacts, which may be difficult in some patients.
To implement a respiratory‐triggered (RT) spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging (SE‐EPI) MRE technique and to validate its performance through comparison to a BH SE‐EPI MRE technique.
Prospective feasibility study.
Twenty‐three adult volunteers (18 without and 5 with liver disease).
1.5 T Philips Ingenia MR scanner; RT and BH SE‐EPI MRE sequences.
Four axial images were obtained through the middle of the liver with each technique. Liver stiffness measurements (in kPa) were made from elastograms, with 95% confidence maps overlaid, for both MRE sequences.
Liver stiffness measurements were compared using the paired t‐test (two‐sided). Absolute agreement between the two techniques was evaluated using Lin's concordance coefficient (rc). Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the mean bias between the techniques and 95% limits of agreement, using BH MRE as the reference standard.
There was excellent agreement (rc = 0.98; 95% confidence interval: 0.96–0.99) between RT and BH SE‐EPI MRE. Mean (±SD) stiffness values from BH and RT SE‐EPI MRE techniques were 2.40 ± 1.15 kPa and 2.37 ± 1.06 kPa, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.54) and no significant bias (mean bias of +0.03 kPa; 95% limits of agreement: –0.39 to 0.45 kPa). Measurable regions of interest in the liver were slightly smaller with the RT technique (mean difference of 1.91 cm2; P = 0.04).
RT SE‐EPI MRE is feasible and yields comparable results to BH SE‐EPI MRE.
Level of Evidence: 1
Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
Quantitative MRI can detect early changes in cartilage biochemical components, but its routine clinical implementation is challenging.
To introduce a novel technique to measure T1 and T2 along radial sections of the hip for accurate and reproducible multiparametric quantitative cartilage assessment in a clinically feasible scan time.
Reproducibility, technical validation.
A seven‐compartment phantom and three healthy volunteers.
A novel MR pulse sequence that simultaneously measures proton density (PD), T1, and T2 at 3 T was developed. Automatic positioning and semiautomatic cartilage segmentation were implemented to improve consistency and simplify workflow.
Intra‐ and interscanner variability of our technique was assessed over multiple scans on three different MR scanners.
For each scan, the median of cartilage T1 and T2 over six radial slices was calculated. Restricted maximum likelihood estimation of variance components was used to estimate intrasubject variances reflecting variation between results from the two scans using the same scanner (intrascanner variance) and variation among results from the three scanners (interscanner variance).
The estimation error for T1 and T2 with respect to reference standard measurements was less than 3% on average for the phantom. The average interscanner coefficient of variation was 1.5% (1.2–1.9%) and 0.9% (0.0–3.7%) for T1 and T2, respectively, in the seven compartments of the phantom. Total scan time in vivo was 7:13 minutes to obtain PD, T1, and T2 maps along six radial hip sections at 0.6 × 0.6 × 4.0 mm3 voxel resolution. Interscanner variability for the in vivo study was 1.99% and 5.46% for T1 and T2, respectively. in vivo intrascanner variability was 1.15% for T1 and 3.24% for T2.
Our method, which includes slice positioning, model‐based parameter estimation, and cartilage segmentation, is highly reproducible. It could enable employing quantitative hip cartilage evaluation for longitudinal and multicenter studies.
Level of Evidence: 1
Technical Efficacy: Stage 1
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
Primary Ewing sarcoma of the cranial bone is rare, accounting for only 1% of all Ewing sarcomas. Primary Ewing sarcoma arising in the squamous temporal bone is particularly rare.
A 16‐year‐old male was seen with signs of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). After 1 week of SSNHL and new‐onset headache, imaging studies showed a mass that originated in the left squamous temporal bone with intracranial and extracranial extension. Histopathological study revealed that the mass was a Ewing sarcoma.
The patient manifested the diagnostic EWSR1 mutation and was treated with adjuvant multidrug chemotherapy and focal radiotherapy after surgery according to the Children's Oncology Group interval compression arm of AEWS0031 with a regimen of vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide/etoposide.
This case showed an extremely uncommon location, as well as unusual symptoms of primary Ewing sarcoma.
Tonsillar and base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC/BOTSCC) has increased. In Stockholm, the proportion of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive cases and the incidence of TSCC rose between 1970 and 2006 then stabilized. Here, HPV‐prevalence, and TSCC/BOTSCC incidence 2000‐2016, in Stockholm and Sweden were followed.
Incidence data for 2000‐2016 were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. TSCC/BOTSCC biopsies, 2013‐2016 from Stockholm, were examined for HPV DNA and p16INK4a, or data obtained from medical reports. For cases 2000‐2012, data were available from previous studies.
The incidence of TSCC/BOTSCC has continued to rise in Stockholm and Sweden 2000‐2016, especially after 2008. HPV DNA and p16INK4a analysis was determined for 795 Stockholm cases from 2000 to 2016, with 72% being HPV DNA and p16INK4a positive 2013‐2016, and 70% positive 2000‐2016.
During 2000‐2016, especially after 2008, the incidence of TSCC/BOTSCC has continued to increase in Stockholm and Sweden, with an HPV‐prevalence of approximately 70% in Stockholm.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate our surgical experience in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) with nonlocalizing sestimibi and ultrasound scans.
A retrospective review of 521 patients treated from April 2005 to July 2017 at Loma Linda University Medical Center who received parathyroidectomy for PHPT. One hundred forty‐seven patients (28%) had double negative localization (nonlocalizing sestamibi and ultrasound).
Surgical cure for PHPT was 97.3% and 99.2% with nonlocalized and localized disease, respectively, and complication rates were similar between groups. Preoperative parathyroid hormone and gland weight were significantly lower with nonlocalization. The incidence of multigland disease (MGD) was greater in patients with nonlocalization on sestamibi and ultrasound.
Nonlocalization of parathyroid glands was not associated with decreased cure rate or increased morbidity. The presence of MGD and requirement for more extensive surgery were greater in patients with nonlocalizing disease.
Recurrent peripheral facial paresis is a rare symptom that may be caused by multiple pathologic conditions.
We report a case of recurrent peripheral facial palsies caused by an ipsilateral enlarged styloid process. A surgical excision of the process was performed.
The treatment was well tolerated. Postoperatively, no further recurrent paresis was observed.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case study of an enlarged styloid process with facial paresis. A detailed workup, including imaging, should be performed in cases with recurrent facial paresis and/or cases with a history of trauma and facial paresis and, of course, to exclude a neoplastic etiology.
18F‐FDOPA PET/CT was proved to be a highly sensitive imaging method for detecting head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGL). The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between tumor characteristics and the SDHx‐mutational status in a large series of patients with HNPGL evaluated by 18F‐FDOPA PET/CT.
A total of 104 patients with HNPGL (65 sporadic/39 SDHx‐mutated) were included.
In comparison to SDHB/SDC/SDHx‐negative cases, patients with SDHD were younger at diagnosis and had a higher rate of multifocal, vagal, and carotid paraganglioma. In patients with SDHD, vagal paraganglia represented the primary site of tumor origin. Multicentric involvement of the vagus nerve alone or in association with other locations was found to be a typical feature of SDHD cases compared to other cases (odds ratio = 59.4).
The present study shows that tumor multifocality within the vagus nerve is a phenotypic marker of SDHD mutation. This information is essential in the choice of the therapeutic strategy.
Primary Ewing sarcoma of the cranial bone is rare, accounting for only 1% of all Ewing sarcomas. Primary Ewing sarcoma arising in the squamous temporal bone is particularly rare.
A 16‐year‐old male was seen with signs of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). After 1 week of SSNHL and new‐onset headache, imaging studies showed a mass that originated in the left squamous temporal bone with intracranial and extracranial extension. Histopathological study revealed that the mass was a Ewing sarcoma.
The patient manifested the diagnostic EWSR1 mutation and was treated with adjuvant multidrug chemotherapy and focal radiotherapy after surgery according to the Children's Oncology Group interval compression arm of AEWS0031 with a regimen of vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide/etoposide.
This case showed an extremely uncommon location, as well as unusual symptoms of primary Ewing sarcoma.
Tonsillar and base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC/BOTSCC) has increased. In Stockholm, the proportion of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive cases and the incidence of TSCC rose between 1970 and 2006 then stabilized. Here, HPV‐prevalence, and TSCC/BOTSCC incidence 2000‐2016, in Stockholm and Sweden were followed.
Incidence data for 2000‐2016 were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. TSCC/BOTSCC biopsies, 2013‐2016 from Stockholm, were examined for HPV DNA and p16INK4a, or data obtained from medical reports. For cases 2000‐2012, data were available from previous studies.
The incidence of TSCC/BOTSCC has continued to rise in Stockholm and Sweden 2000‐2016, especially after 2008. HPV DNA and p16INK4a analysis was determined for 795 Stockholm cases from 2000 to 2016, with 72% being HPV DNA and p16INK4a positive 2013‐2016, and 70% positive 2000‐2016.
During 2000‐2016, especially after 2008, the incidence of TSCC/BOTSCC has continued to increase in Stockholm and Sweden, with an HPV‐prevalence of approximately 70% in Stockholm.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate our surgical experience in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) with nonlocalizing sestimibi and ultrasound scans.
A retrospective review of 521 patients treated from April 2005 to July 2017 at Loma Linda University Medical Center who received parathyroidectomy for PHPT. One hundred forty‐seven patients (28%) had double negative localization (nonlocalizing sestamibi and ultrasound).
Surgical cure for PHPT was 97.3% and 99.2% with nonlocalized and localized disease, respectively, and complication rates were similar between groups. Preoperative parathyroid hormone and gland weight were significantly lower with nonlocalization. The incidence of multigland disease (MGD) was greater in patients with nonlocalization on sestamibi and ultrasound.
Nonlocalization of parathyroid glands was not associated with decreased cure rate or increased morbidity. The presence of MGD and requirement for more extensive surgery were greater in patients with nonlocalizing disease.
Recurrent peripheral facial paresis is a rare symptom that may be caused by multiple pathologic conditions.
We report a case of recurrent peripheral facial palsies caused by an ipsilateral enlarged styloid process. A surgical excision of the process was performed.
The treatment was well tolerated. Postoperatively, no further recurrent paresis was observed.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case study of an enlarged styloid process with facial paresis. A detailed workup, including imaging, should be performed in cases with recurrent facial paresis and/or cases with a history of trauma and facial paresis and, of course, to exclude a neoplastic etiology.
18F‐FDOPA PET/CT was proved to be a highly sensitive imaging method for detecting head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGL). The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between tumor characteristics and the SDHx‐mutational status in a large series of patients with HNPGL evaluated by 18F‐FDOPA PET/CT.
A total of 104 patients with HNPGL (65 sporadic/39 SDHx‐mutated) were included.
In comparison to SDHB/SDC/SDHx‐negative cases, patients with SDHD were younger at diagnosis and had a higher rate of multifocal, vagal, and carotid paraganglioma. In patients with SDHD, vagal paraganglia represented the primary site of tumor origin. Multicentric involvement of the vagus nerve alone or in association with other locations was found to be a typical feature of SDHD cases compared to other cases (odds ratio = 59.4).
The present study shows that tumor multifocality within the vagus nerve is a phenotypic marker of SDHD mutation. This information is essential in the choice of the therapeutic strategy.
This study showed that neural envelope tracking increased with increasing speech understanding in every participant. Furthermore behaviorally measured speech understanding was correlated with participant-specific neural envelope tracking results indicating the potential of neural envelope tracking as an objective measure of speech understanding in CI users. This could enable objective and automatic fitting of CIs and pave the way towards closed-loop CIs that adjust continuously and automatically to individual CI users. PMID: 30580236 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Hearing Research)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Aey6td
This study explores the ability of p27Kip1 messenger knockdown and pharmacological transcriptional inhibition to induce proliferation of supporting cells in the P0 neonatal rat cochlea in vivo. Respectively, lentiviral vectors transducing shRNA against p27Kip1 were administered into the scala media or Alsterpaullone 2-Cyanoethyl into the round window niche. Cell markers and gene expression were assessed through immunostaining and qRT-PCR. Despite both methods significantly decreasing p27Kip1 expression in vivo, signs of toxicity in the organ of Corti were not found; however, relevant proliferation was not found either. Finally, cochlear damage was added to increase the response in vitro, achieving only a mild to moderate proliferation induction. We conclude that our approaches were not ...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SmilHI
This study showed that neural envelope tracking increased with increasing speech understanding in every participant. Furthermore behaviorally measured speech understanding was correlated with participant-specific neural envelope tracking results indicating the potential of neural envelope tracking as an objective measure of speech understanding in CI users. This could enable objective and automatic fitting of CIs and pave the way towards closed-loop CIs that adjust continuously and automatically to individual CI users. PMID: 30580236 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Hearing Research)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Aey6td
This study explores the ability of p27Kip1 messenger knockdown and pharmacological transcriptional inhibition to induce proliferation of supporting cells in the P0 neonatal rat cochlea in vivo. Respectively, lentiviral vectors transducing shRNA against p27Kip1 were administered into the scala media or Alsterpaullone 2-Cyanoethyl into the round window niche. Cell markers and gene expression were assessed through immunostaining and qRT-PCR. Despite both methods significantly decreasing p27Kip1 expression in vivo, signs of toxicity in the organ of Corti were not found; however, relevant proliferation was not found either. Finally, cochlear damage was added to increase the response in vitro, achieving only a mild to moderate proliferation induction. We conclude that our approaches were not ...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SmilHI
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is characterised initially by restriction of oxygenated blood flow to an organ bed, resulting in tissue hypoxia and ischaemic injury, followed by further 'reperfusion' injury upon restoration of perfusion, with an influx of oxygen, inflammatory cells and generation of free radicals. The culmination is a complex interplay between cellular and biochemical processes involved in inflammation and coagulation, exhibited as the 'no re-flow' phenomenon.Under ideal circumstances, autologous free tissue transfer is performed with short ischemic times.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BGyU9W
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is characterised initially by restriction of oxygenated blood flow to an organ bed, resulting in tissue hypoxia and ischaemic injury, followed by further 'reperfusion' injury upon restoration of perfusion, with an influx of oxygen, inflammatory cells and generation of free radicals. The culmination is a complex interplay between cellular and biochemical processes involved in inflammation and coagulation, exhibited as the 'no re-flow' phenomenon.Under ideal circumstances, autologous free tissue transfer is performed with short ischemic times.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BGyU9W
Authors: Tsang SH, Aycinena ARP, Sharma T Abstract Ciliopathies are a group of disorders caused by a defect in ciliogenesis, ciliary protein trafficking. Because nearly every cell in the body (including the photoreceptors) contains cilia, defects in ciliary proteins typically affect multiple organ systems. Usher syndrome is the most common syndromic cause of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and accounts for 10-20% of cases of RP Inheritance is autosomal recessive, and the retinal dystrophy is usually rod-cone dystrophy (Figs. 32.1 and 32.2). These patients have RP with sensorineural hearing loss (partial or complete) since birth; some may have vestibular dysfunction. Most patients retain central vision of about 20/40 until about age 40. Usher Syndrome 1 (USH1): Profound congenital sensori...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2AhRQvT
Authors: Tsang SH, Aycinena ARP, Sharma T Abstract Mitochondrial diseases are multisystem disorders: anemia, myopathy, lactic acidosis, CNS abnormality, endocrine abnormalities, renal disease, sensorineural deafness, and retinal involvement. The clinical abnormalities are heterogeneous, and they usually begin in childhood. Premature death occurs because of cardiac conduction defects. The onset is usually before 20 years of age. The fundus shows pigmentary retinopathy, with a salt-and-pepper appearance (Fig. 30.1), but vision remains good in most patients. Systemic involvement includes chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), with ptosis being the most common complaint, and cardiomyopathy. Other variable features are short stature; cerebellar symptoms; weakness of muscle...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SjZBbM
Authors: Tsang SH, Sharma T Abstract Patients present with X-linked inheritance; Alport syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 50,000 newborns. The systemic features include progressive interstitial nephritis, renal failure by the fifth decade, and neurosensory deafness. PMID: 30578514 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2AgyWp5
Authors: Tsang SH, Sharma T Abstract Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by a spirochete, Treponema pallidum; it is most commonly spread by sexual transmission. Syphilis is known as the "Great Imitator," as systemic manifestations are variable. It can involve any part of the eye, with syphilitic uveitis being the most common type. Congenital syphilis is characterized by Hutchinson's teeth, saddle nose deformity, deafness, and interstitial keratitis; pigmentary changes in the retina are varied and patchy. PMID: 30578519 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)
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Authors: Tsang SH, Aycinena ARP, Sharma T Abstract Patients with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) have insulin-dependent diabetes with relatively low BMI; usually the onset of the diabetes is during the third or fourth decade of life and it is associated with progressive neurosensory deafness. The fundus shows circumferentially oriented but discontinuous patches of RPE and choriocapillaris (CC) atrophy around the macula, within the arcades (Figs. 31.1 and 31.2). Sometimes even hyperpigmentation can be seen, also around the optic nerve, or pattern-like dystrophy may occur. Vision is usually good, about 20/40 or better. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) shows decreased AF in the areas of RPE atrophy, surrounded by a zone of speckled AF. No generalized retinal dysfunction...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2AfvPOl
Although stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for vestibular schwannoma has demonstrated excellent local control rates, hearing deterioration is often reported after treatment. We therefore wished to assess the cha... (Source: Radiation Oncology)
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Authors: Tsang SH, Aycinena ARP, Sharma T Abstract Ciliopathies are a group of disorders caused by a defect in ciliogenesis, ciliary protein trafficking. Because nearly every cell in the body (including the photoreceptors) contains cilia, defects in ciliary proteins typically affect multiple organ systems. Usher syndrome is the most common syndromic cause of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and accounts for 10-20% of cases of RP Inheritance is autosomal recessive, and the retinal dystrophy is usually rod-cone dystrophy (Figs. 32.1 and 32.2). These patients have RP with sensorineural hearing loss (partial or complete) since birth; some may have vestibular dysfunction. Most patients retain central vision of about 20/40 until about age 40. Usher Syndrome 1 (USH1): Profound congenital sensori...
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Authors: Tsang SH, Aycinena ARP, Sharma T Abstract Mitochondrial diseases are multisystem disorders: anemia, myopathy, lactic acidosis, CNS abnormality, endocrine abnormalities, renal disease, sensorineural deafness, and retinal involvement. The clinical abnormalities are heterogeneous, and they usually begin in childhood. Premature death occurs because of cardiac conduction defects. The onset is usually before 20 years of age. The fundus shows pigmentary retinopathy, with a salt-and-pepper appearance (Fig. 30.1), but vision remains good in most patients. Systemic involvement includes chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), with ptosis being the most common complaint, and cardiomyopathy. Other variable features are short stature; cerebellar symptoms; weakness of muscle...
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Authors: Tsang SH, Sharma T Abstract Patients present with X-linked inheritance; Alport syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 50,000 newborns. The systemic features include progressive interstitial nephritis, renal failure by the fifth decade, and neurosensory deafness. PMID: 30578514 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)
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Authors: Tsang SH, Sharma T Abstract Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by a spirochete, Treponema pallidum; it is most commonly spread by sexual transmission. Syphilis is known as the "Great Imitator," as systemic manifestations are variable. It can involve any part of the eye, with syphilitic uveitis being the most common type. Congenital syphilis is characterized by Hutchinson's teeth, saddle nose deformity, deafness, and interstitial keratitis; pigmentary changes in the retina are varied and patchy. PMID: 30578519 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)
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Authors: Tsang SH, Aycinena ARP, Sharma T Abstract Patients with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) have insulin-dependent diabetes with relatively low BMI; usually the onset of the diabetes is during the third or fourth decade of life and it is associated with progressive neurosensory deafness. The fundus shows circumferentially oriented but discontinuous patches of RPE and choriocapillaris (CC) atrophy around the macula, within the arcades (Figs. 31.1 and 31.2). Sometimes even hyperpigmentation can be seen, also around the optic nerve, or pattern-like dystrophy may occur. Vision is usually good, about 20/40 or better. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) shows decreased AF in the areas of RPE atrophy, surrounded by a zone of speckled AF. No generalized retinal dysfunction...
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Although stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for vestibular schwannoma has demonstrated excellent local control rates, hearing deterioration is often reported after treatment. We therefore wished to assess the cha... (Source: Radiation Oncology)
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17 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"[jour]
These pubmed results were generated on 2018/12/24
PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
17 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"[jour]
These pubmed results were generated on 2018/12/24
PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
BRISBANE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Dec. 21, 2018-- Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: AIMT), a biopharmaceutical company developing treatments for potentially life-threatening food allergies, today announced that it has submitted a Biologics... (Source: Drugs.com - New Drug Applications)
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BRISBANE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Dec. 21, 2018-- Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: AIMT), a biopharmaceutical company developing treatments for potentially life-threatening food allergies, today announced that it has submitted a Biologics... (Source: Drugs.com - New Drug Applications)
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BRISBANE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Dec. 21, 2018-- Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: AIMT), a biopharmaceutical company developing treatments for potentially life-threatening food allergies, today announced that it has submitted a Biologics... (Source: Drugs.com - New Drug Applications)
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BRISBANE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Dec. 21, 2018-- Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: AIMT), a biopharmaceutical company developing treatments for potentially life-threatening food allergies, today announced that it has submitted a Biologics... (Source: Drugs.com - New Drug Applications)
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To analyze the clinical audiological characteristics of X-Linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) in males and their relationships with genotypes. (Source: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases)
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To analyze the clinical audiological characteristics of X-Linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) in males and their relationships with genotypes. (Source: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases)
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The Consortium for Food Allergy Research (CoFAR) was established by the The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in 2005 as a collaborative research program bringing together centers focused on the study of food allergy. The Consortium was charged with developing studies to better understand the pathogenesis and natural history of food allergy, as well as potential approaches to the treatment of food allergy. In its first iteration, an observational study of infants with milk and egg allergy was established and studies of oral immunotherapy for egg allergy and sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy were initiated, as was a Phase 1 study of a recombinant peanut protein vaccine. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Epithelial integrity is a key part of the innate immune system, and its disruption represents a pathway to pathogen exposure, bacterial invasion, and the dangers associated with molecular patterns, allergens, and other immune response triggers. An intact epithelium is the first line of defense, both structurally and functionally. These cells are key inducers of innate and adaptive immune response and inflammation.1 (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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The Consortium for Food Allergy Research (CoFAR) was established by the The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in 2005 as a collaborative research program bringing together centers focused on the study of food allergy. The Consortium was charged with developing studies to better understand the pathogenesis and natural history of food allergy, as well as potential approaches to the treatment of food allergy. In its first iteration, an observational study of infants with milk and egg allergy was established and studies of oral immunotherapy for egg allergy and sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy were initiated, as was a Phase 1 study of a recombinant peanut protein vaccine. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Epithelial integrity is a key part of the innate immune system, and its disruption represents a pathway to pathogen exposure, bacterial invasion, and the dangers associated with molecular patterns, allergens, and other immune response triggers. An intact epithelium is the first line of defense, both structurally and functionally. These cells are key inducers of innate and adaptive immune response and inflammation.1 (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as a preventive and therapeutic procedure for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal mucositis caused by radio-chemotherapy in patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). An experimental, prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with oral SCC undergoing oncological treatment. The variables analyzed included grade, appearance, and remission of mucositis.
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The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as a preventive and therapeutic procedure for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal mucositis caused by radio-chemotherapy in patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). An experimental, prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with oral SCC undergoing oncological treatment. The variables analyzed included grade, appearance, and remission of mucositis.
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Forehead flap reconstruction of large nasal defects can be challenging. The senior author has utilized a paramedian forehead flap modification using the supratrochlear artery on the contralateral side to the defect.
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Forehead flap reconstruction of large nasal defects can be challenging. The senior author has utilized a paramedian forehead flap modification using the supratrochlear artery on the contralateral side to the defect.
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Condition: Pregnancy Intervention: Sponsor: Chinese University of Hong Kong Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Drug Allergy Intervention: Sponsor: University Hospital, Montpellier Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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In the original publication [1], the first of two objectives was to "Assess the effect of periodically treating water storage containers with a pyriproxyfen/spinosad combination on entomological and epidemiological outcomes". (Source: Trials)
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Condition: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Intervention: Biological: VRC-HIVRGP096-00-VP Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Lassa Virus Infection Intervention: Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Asthma Atopic Intervention: Biological: Felis Catus Sponsors: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Sleep Apnea; Allergic Rhinitis; Allergic Asthma; Pollution; Exposure; Pollution Related Respiratory Disorder Intervention: Other: Pollution exposure Sponsors: University Hospital, Grenoble; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis to Birch Pollen; With an Apple Oral Allergic Syndrome (OAS) to Apple; With a Positive Skin Prick Test to Birch Pollen Intervention: Drug: ILT-101 ld-(IL2) Sponsors: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Iltoo Pharma Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Adherence, Medication; Risk Behavior; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; HIV Prevention Interventions: Drug: Emtricitabine / Tenofovir Disoproxil Oral Tablet; Other: DOT Diary mobile app Sponsors: Public Health Foundation Enterprises, Inc.; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); San Francisco Department of Public Health; Emory University; AiCure; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Interventions: Drug: Nascum Plus; Other: ACC Sponsors: Fraunhofer-Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine; M et P Pharma AG Enrolling by invitation (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Fallopian Tube Cancer; Fallopian Tube Infection Intervention: Drug: Aspirin 81 mg Sponsor: University of Oklahoma Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Allergy Interventions: Drug: Cetirizine 10mg; Drug: Cetirizine 10 mg Sponsor: Johnson& Johnson Consumer Inc., McNeil Consumer Healthcare Division Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Pregnancy Intervention: Sponsor: Chinese University of Hong Kong Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Drug Allergy Intervention: Sponsor: University Hospital, Montpellier Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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In the original publication [1], the first of two objectives was to "Assess the effect of periodically treating water storage containers with a pyriproxyfen/spinosad combination on entomological and epidemiological outcomes". (Source: Trials)
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Condition: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Intervention: Biological: VRC-HIVRGP096-00-VP Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Lassa Virus Infection Intervention: Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Asthma Atopic Intervention: Biological: Felis Catus Sponsors: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Sleep Apnea; Allergic Rhinitis; Allergic Asthma; Pollution; Exposure; Pollution Related Respiratory Disorder Intervention: Other: Pollution exposure Sponsors: University Hospital, Grenoble; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis to Birch Pollen; With an Apple Oral Allergic Syndrome (OAS) to Apple; With a Positive Skin Prick Test to Birch Pollen Intervention: Drug: ILT-101 ld-(IL2) Sponsors: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris; Iltoo Pharma Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Adherence, Medication; Risk Behavior; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; HIV Prevention Interventions: Drug: Emtricitabine / Tenofovir Disoproxil Oral Tablet; Other: DOT Diary mobile app Sponsors: Public Health Foundation Enterprises, Inc.; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); San Francisco Department of Public Health; Emory University; AiCure; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Interventions: Drug: Nascum Plus; Other: ACC Sponsors: Fraunhofer-Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine; M et P Pharma AG Enrolling by invitation (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Fallopian Tube Cancer; Fallopian Tube Infection Intervention: Drug: Aspirin 81 mg Sponsor: University of Oklahoma Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Allergy Interventions: Drug: Cetirizine 10mg; Drug: Cetirizine 10 mg Sponsor: Johnson& Johnson Consumer Inc., McNeil Consumer Healthcare Division Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018
Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): K.S. Fatehi, S. Thiagarajan, H. Dhar, D. Chaukar, A.K. DCruz
Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare genetic disorder that results from progressive failure of the bone marrow. It presents with a classic triad of reticular pigmentations of the skin, dystrophic nails, and oral leukoplakia; patients rarely develop cancers. We report a patient with dyskeratosis congenita who presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018
Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): K.S. Fatehi, S. Thiagarajan, H. Dhar, D. Chaukar, A.K. DCruz
Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare genetic disorder that results from progressive failure of the bone marrow. It presents with a classic triad of reticular pigmentations of the skin, dystrophic nails, and oral leukoplakia; patients rarely develop cancers. We report a patient with dyskeratosis congenita who presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.
Publication date: Available online 24 December 2018
Source: Hearing Research
Author(s): I.S. Curthoys, Ann M. Burgess, Samanthi C. Goonetilleke
Phase-locking of cochlear neurons to sound has been of great value in understanding cochlear transduction. Phase-locking has also been reported previously in irregular vestibular afferents, but detailed information about it is sparse. We measured the phase-locking of guinea pig irregular otolithic neurons and canal neurons (after a semicircular canal dehiscence allowed them to respond) to both sound and vibration stimuli. Irregular vestibular afferents from both otoliths and canals have a range of preferred phase angles which systematically increase as frequency is increased from 250 Hz to above 1000Hz. Surprisingly vestibular afferents show more precise phase-locking than comparable auditory afferents as reported by Palmer and Russell (1986), and they do so up to higher frequencies. This high precision implies a very sharp, fast threshold for evoking an action potential with minimal variability, and so has implications for the current controversy about hair-cell-afferent transmission in the vestibular system. Following recent evidence, we suggest that potassium in the unique type I-calyx synapse may be a major factor in generating this very precise phase-locking.
Publication date: Available online 24 December 2018
Source: Hearing Research
Author(s): John A. Butman, Nobuo Suga
Delay-tuned auditory neurons of the mustached bat show facilitative responses to a combination of signal elements of a biosonar pulse-echo pair with a specific echo delay. The subcollicular nuclei produce latency-constant phasic on-responding neurons, and the inferior colliculus produces delay-tuned combination-sensitive neurons, designated "FM-FM" neurons. The combination-sensitivity is a facilitated response to the coincidence of the excitatory rebound following glycinergic inhibition to the pulse (1st harmonic) and the short-latency response to the echo (2nd–4th harmonics). The facilitative response of thalamic FM-FM neurons is mediated by glutamate receptors (NMDA and non-NMDA receptors). Different from collicular FM-FM neurons, thalamic ones respond more selectively to pulse-echo pairs than individual signal elements. A number of differences in response properties between collicular and thalamic or cortical FM-FM neurons have been reported. However, differences between thalamic and cortical FM-FM neurons have remained to be studied. Here, we report that GABAergic inhibition controls the duration of burst of spikes of facilitative responses of thalamic FM-FM neurons and sharpens the delay tuning of cortical ones. That is, intra-cortical inhibition sharpens the delay tuning of cortical FM-FM neurons that is potentially broad because of divergent/convergent thalamo-cortical projections. Compared with thalamic neurons, cortical ones tend to show sharper delay tuning, longer response duration, and larger facilitation index. However, those differences are statistically insignificant.
Publication date: Available online 24 December 2018
Source: Hearing Research
Author(s): I.S. Curthoys, Ann M. Burgess, Samanthi C. Goonetilleke
Phase-locking of cochlear neurons to sound has been of great value in understanding cochlear transduction. Phase-locking has also been reported previously in irregular vestibular afferents, but detailed information about it is sparse. We measured the phase-locking of guinea pig irregular otolithic neurons and canal neurons (after a semicircular canal dehiscence allowed them to respond) to both sound and vibration stimuli. Irregular vestibular afferents from both otoliths and canals have a range of preferred phase angles which systematically increase as frequency is increased from 250 Hz to above 1000Hz. Surprisingly vestibular afferents show more precise phase-locking than comparable auditory afferents as reported by Palmer and Russell (1986), and they do so up to higher frequencies. This high precision implies a very sharp, fast threshold for evoking an action potential with minimal variability, and so has implications for the current controversy about hair-cell-afferent transmission in the vestibular system. Following recent evidence, we suggest that potassium in the unique type I-calyx synapse may be a major factor in generating this very precise phase-locking.
Publication date: Available online 24 December 2018
Source: Hearing Research
Author(s): John A. Butman, Nobuo Suga
Delay-tuned auditory neurons of the mustached bat show facilitative responses to a combination of signal elements of a biosonar pulse-echo pair with a specific echo delay. The subcollicular nuclei produce latency-constant phasic on-responding neurons, and the inferior colliculus produces delay-tuned combination-sensitive neurons, designated "FM-FM" neurons. The combination-sensitivity is a facilitated response to the coincidence of the excitatory rebound following glycinergic inhibition to the pulse (1st harmonic) and the short-latency response to the echo (2nd–4th harmonics). The facilitative response of thalamic FM-FM neurons is mediated by glutamate receptors (NMDA and non-NMDA receptors). Different from collicular FM-FM neurons, thalamic ones respond more selectively to pulse-echo pairs than individual signal elements. A number of differences in response properties between collicular and thalamic or cortical FM-FM neurons have been reported. However, differences between thalamic and cortical FM-FM neurons have remained to be studied. Here, we report that GABAergic inhibition controls the duration of burst of spikes of facilitative responses of thalamic FM-FM neurons and sharpens the delay tuning of cortical ones. That is, intra-cortical inhibition sharpens the delay tuning of cortical FM-FM neurons that is potentially broad because of divergent/convergent thalamo-cortical projections. Compared with thalamic neurons, cortical ones tend to show sharper delay tuning, longer response duration, and larger facilitation index. However, those differences are statistically insignificant.
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Hugh A. Sampson, M Cecilia Berin, Marshall Plaut, Scott H. Sicherer, Stacie Jones, A Wesley Burks, Robert Lindblad, Donald YM. Leung, Robert A. Wood
The Consortium for Food Allergy Research (CoFAR) was established by the The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in 2005 as a collaborative research program bringing together centers focused on the study of food allergy. The Consortium was charged with developing studies to better understand the pathogenesis and natural history of food allergy, as well as potential approaches to the treatment of food allergy. In its first iteration, an observational study of infants with milk and egg allergy was established and studies of oral immunotherapy for egg allergy and sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy were initiated, as was a Phase 1 study of a recombinant peanut protein vaccine. The CoFAR was renewed in 2010 for an additional 5-year period during which the initial observational study was continued, a study of eosinophilic esophagitis was initiated, and new therapeutic trials were established to study epicutaneous immunotherapy for peanut allergy and to compare the safety and efficacy of egg OIT to the ingestion of baked egg for the treatment of egg allergy. The results of these efforts will be reviewed in this Rostrum, with a brief look to the future of the Consortium.
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Hugh A. Sampson, M Cecilia Berin, Marshall Plaut, Scott H. Sicherer, Stacie Jones, A Wesley Burks, Robert Lindblad, Donald YM. Leung, Robert A. Wood
The Consortium for Food Allergy Research (CoFAR) was established by the The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in 2005 as a collaborative research program bringing together centers focused on the study of food allergy. The Consortium was charged with developing studies to better understand the pathogenesis and natural history of food allergy, as well as potential approaches to the treatment of food allergy. In its first iteration, an observational study of infants with milk and egg allergy was established and studies of oral immunotherapy for egg allergy and sublingual immunotherapy for peanut allergy were initiated, as was a Phase 1 study of a recombinant peanut protein vaccine. The CoFAR was renewed in 2010 for an additional 5-year period during which the initial observational study was continued, a study of eosinophilic esophagitis was initiated, and new therapeutic trials were established to study epicutaneous immunotherapy for peanut allergy and to compare the safety and efficacy of egg OIT to the ingestion of baked egg for the treatment of egg allergy. The results of these efforts will be reviewed in this Rostrum, with a brief look to the future of the Consortium.
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): Julie C. Rusby, Erika Westling, Ryann Crowley, Kathryn L. Mills, John M. Light
To date, research investigating the association between adolescent marijuana use and anxiety is mixed, given differences in how anxiety is measured and the age ranges studied. The research is further limited as many relevant studies have small sample sizes. This investigation examines the association between marijuana use (use in the past 30 days) and anxious mood lability (rapid fluctuation in emotional states) during early adolescence (average age 14.4, spring of 8th grade) through midadolescence (10th grade).
Participating adolescents (N = 466; 52.8% female) were from rural and suburban communities and 38% were Hispanic/Latino. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) was used to measure adolescents' anxious mood in real time; the EMAs were collected within 30 days of the adolescent report of their marijuana use.
Multilevel models with measurement waves (7 time points) nested in individuals showed that anxious mood lability was significantly higher for adolescents reporting recent marijuana use compared to those reporting no recent marijuana use. Although females were higher than males in anxious mood lability, the association between anxious mood lability and recent marijuana use did not differ by gender. Post hoc analysis showed that the associations between anxious mood lability and recent marijuana use did not differ between assessments conducted pre and post legalization of adult recreational marijuana use.
The association between recent marijuana use and anxious mood lability for youth is important for understanding the developmental processes of cannabis use and anxious mood disorders in adolescence and young adulthood.
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): J. Brown Tracey, Hardeman Wendy, Bauld Linda, Holland Richard, Maskrey Vivienne, Naughton Felix, Orton Sophie, Ussher Michael, Notley Caitlin
There is no routine support to prevent postpartum smoking relapse, due to lack of effective interventions. Previous reviews have identified behaviour change techniques (BCTs) within pregnancy cessation trials to specify which components might be incorporated into more effective interventions, but no reviews have identified BCTs for prevention of smoking relapse postpartum. We reviewed BCTs and potential delivery modes, to inform future interventions.
We searched Medline and EMBASE from January 2015–May 2017; and identified trials published before 2015 by handsearching systematic reviews. We included RCTs where: i) ≥1 intervention component aimed to maintain smoking abstinence versus a less intensive intervention; ii) participants included pregnant or postpartum smoking quitters; iii) smoking status was reported in the postpartum period. We extracted trial characteristics and used the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 to extract BCTs. We aimed to identity 'promising' BCTs i.e. those frequently occurring and present in ≥2 trials that demonstrated long-term effectiveness (≥6 months postpartum). Data synthesis was narrative.
We included 32 trials, six of which demonstrated long-term effectiveness. These six trials used self-help, mainly in conjunction with counselling, and were largely delivered remotely. We identified six BCTs as promising: 'problem solving', 'information about health consequences', 'information about social and environmental consequences', 'social support', 'reduce negative emotions' and 'instruction on how to perform a behaviour'.
Future interventions to prevent postpartum smoking relapse might include these six BCTs to maximise effectiveness. Tailored self-help approaches, with/without counselling, may be favourable modes of delivery of BCTs.
Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018075677.
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): Di Lodovico Laura, Poulnais Ségolène, Gorwood Philip
Excessive physical exercise may evolve into physical exercise addiction, a recently identified entity with many yet unclear aspects, such as global prevalence and variability according to different types of physical exercise.
We systematically reviewed the current literature up to June 2018 to collect all studies screening exercise addiction with two of the most frequently used screening scales: the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) and the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS).
We detected forty-eight studies (20 using the EAI, 26 the EDS, and 2 both scales) reporting variable point prevalence of exercise addiction risk, depending on the target population and the investigated sport. The EAI identifies a higher proportion of people at risk for physical exercise addiction among endurance athletes (14,2%) followed by ball games (10,4%), fitness centre attendees (8,2%) and power disciplines (6,4%), while a frequency of 3,0% was reported in the general population. Studies using the EDS found discrepant results.
This systematic review suggests that sport disciplines are associated with different vulnerability for physical exercise addiction. Besides the different addictive potential of each sport, the heterogeneity of results may be also due to socio-demographic and cultural characteristics of the target populations. The EAI and the EDS identify different proportions of individuals at risk for exercise addiction both in general population and in specific sport categories. As the EAI screens a higher proportion of subjects at risk, especially in endurance disciplines, it could be more appropriate for early detection of at-risk subjects and/or disciplines.
Tailored prevention strategies for each discipline could help better preserving benefits of sports. More precision in research methods and the use of the most appropriate scale are required to allow a better comparability of prevalence among physical exercise disciplines and in general population.
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): Julie C. Rusby, Erika Westling, Ryann Crowley, Kathryn L. Mills, John M. Light
To date, research investigating the association between adolescent marijuana use and anxiety is mixed, given differences in how anxiety is measured and the age ranges studied. The research is further limited as many relevant studies have small sample sizes. This investigation examines the association between marijuana use (use in the past 30 days) and anxious mood lability (rapid fluctuation in emotional states) during early adolescence (average age 14.4, spring of 8th grade) through midadolescence (10th grade).
Participating adolescents (N = 466; 52.8% female) were from rural and suburban communities and 38% were Hispanic/Latino. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) was used to measure adolescents' anxious mood in real time; the EMAs were collected within 30 days of the adolescent report of their marijuana use.
Multilevel models with measurement waves (7 time points) nested in individuals showed that anxious mood lability was significantly higher for adolescents reporting recent marijuana use compared to those reporting no recent marijuana use. Although females were higher than males in anxious mood lability, the association between anxious mood lability and recent marijuana use did not differ by gender. Post hoc analysis showed that the associations between anxious mood lability and recent marijuana use did not differ between assessments conducted pre and post legalization of adult recreational marijuana use.
The association between recent marijuana use and anxious mood lability for youth is important for understanding the developmental processes of cannabis use and anxious mood disorders in adolescence and young adulthood.
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): J. Brown Tracey, Hardeman Wendy, Bauld Linda, Holland Richard, Maskrey Vivienne, Naughton Felix, Orton Sophie, Ussher Michael, Notley Caitlin
There is no routine support to prevent postpartum smoking relapse, due to lack of effective interventions. Previous reviews have identified behaviour change techniques (BCTs) within pregnancy cessation trials to specify which components might be incorporated into more effective interventions, but no reviews have identified BCTs for prevention of smoking relapse postpartum. We reviewed BCTs and potential delivery modes, to inform future interventions.
We searched Medline and EMBASE from January 2015–May 2017; and identified trials published before 2015 by handsearching systematic reviews. We included RCTs where: i) ≥1 intervention component aimed to maintain smoking abstinence versus a less intensive intervention; ii) participants included pregnant or postpartum smoking quitters; iii) smoking status was reported in the postpartum period. We extracted trial characteristics and used the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 to extract BCTs. We aimed to identity 'promising' BCTs i.e. those frequently occurring and present in ≥2 trials that demonstrated long-term effectiveness (≥6 months postpartum). Data synthesis was narrative.
We included 32 trials, six of which demonstrated long-term effectiveness. These six trials used self-help, mainly in conjunction with counselling, and were largely delivered remotely. We identified six BCTs as promising: 'problem solving', 'information about health consequences', 'information about social and environmental consequences', 'social support', 'reduce negative emotions' and 'instruction on how to perform a behaviour'.
Future interventions to prevent postpartum smoking relapse might include these six BCTs to maximise effectiveness. Tailored self-help approaches, with/without counselling, may be favourable modes of delivery of BCTs.
Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018075677.
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2018
Source: Addictive Behaviors
Author(s): Di Lodovico Laura, Poulnais Ségolène, Gorwood Philip
Excessive physical exercise may evolve into physical exercise addiction, a recently identified entity with many yet unclear aspects, such as global prevalence and variability according to different types of physical exercise.
We systematically reviewed the current literature up to June 2018 to collect all studies screening exercise addiction with two of the most frequently used screening scales: the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) and the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS).
We detected forty-eight studies (20 using the EAI, 26 the EDS, and 2 both scales) reporting variable point prevalence of exercise addiction risk, depending on the target population and the investigated sport. The EAI identifies a higher proportion of people at risk for physical exercise addiction among endurance athletes (14,2%) followed by ball games (10,4%), fitness centre attendees (8,2%) and power disciplines (6,4%), while a frequency of 3,0% was reported in the general population. Studies using the EDS found discrepant results.
This systematic review suggests that sport disciplines are associated with different vulnerability for physical exercise addiction. Besides the different addictive potential of each sport, the heterogeneity of results may be also due to socio-demographic and cultural characteristics of the target populations. The EAI and the EDS identify different proportions of individuals at risk for exercise addiction both in general population and in specific sport categories. As the EAI screens a higher proportion of subjects at risk, especially in endurance disciplines, it could be more appropriate for early detection of at-risk subjects and/or disciplines.
Tailored prevention strategies for each discipline could help better preserving benefits of sports. More precision in research methods and the use of the most appropriate scale are required to allow a better comparability of prevalence among physical exercise disciplines and in general population.
The aim of this study was to determine which biopsy method produces the best diagnostic yield in patients presenting with autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) of the oral mucosa.
This was a retrospective audit of patients who were biopsied at least once for a suspected AIBD of the oral mucosa. The type (incisional or punch) and site of biopsies was recorded in conjunction with case notes, electronic records and histopathological reports in order to calculate sensitivity, specificity and the method of biopsy which produced the superior diagnostic yield.
125 biopsy samples from 66 patients were identified and reviewed. A diagnosis of AIBD was established in 49 (74%) patients. The chi square test showed there was a statistically significantly higher (p=0.0016) diagnostic yield using the punch biopsy technique compared to the scalpel method. The gingiva was the best biopsy site in terms of achieving a definitive diagnosis (p = 0.0001) regardless of the biopsy method used.
A punch biopsy is more likely than scalpel biopsy to obtain a definitive diagnosis in patients presenting with a suspected oral AIBD. The gingiva is the optimal site to sample.
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Primary cutaneous Ewing sarcoma is a rare clinical presentation of Ewing sarcoma, usually occurring as a small, localized tumor on the extremities of young adults and associated with favorable prognosis.1 We report a case of primary cutaneous Ewing sarcoma which presented on the sole of the foot of a 27 year old patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and neutropenia. Diagnosis was determined through histological features and staining as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular testing. The patient underwent wide local excision with plan to begin targeted chemotherapy, but unfortunately died from adenovirus pneumonia while neutropenic before targeted chemotherapy was initiated.
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Neuroblastoma‐like schwannoma (NLS) is a rare variant of a common tumor. The aim of this study is to discuss, through a literature review, the differential diagnoses of NLS while emphasizing the importance of ancillary studies.
So far, 24 cases have been reported. We describe an additional case in a 64‐year‐old woman who had a 3‐cm subcutaneous tumor on her flank. The histologic examination revealed an encapsulated neoplasm. Most of the tumor was made of giant rosettes. These rosettes had several sizes reaching 2.6mm. They showed a palisade of rounded cells. Nuclei were hyperchromatic but bland. The center was made of eosinophilic cores of collagenous radiating fibrils. Neoplastic cells stained strongly for S‐100 protein. In the capsule, perineural cells stained for EMA. No expression of MUC4 was present. This was consistent with NLS. The same peculiar appearance of giant rosettes has been described in hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes (HSCT). We propose the term "neuroblastoma‐like schwannoma" when there are small rosettes, "HSCT‐like schwannoma" for tumors with giant rosettes and "collagen rich schwannoma" when there are "ill defined" structures reminiscent of rosettes. Immunohistochemical panel containing S100, EMA and MUC4 as well as molecular testing when needed should be performed.
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Pilomatrical carcinosarcoma is a very rare entity, with only six cases reported until now. This report describes the case of a 100‐year old woman with a mass on the left temple that had existed for several decades but had recently grown in size. Histology revealed an asymmetric lesion composed of basaloid cells, spindle cells and "shadow" or "ghost" cells. Cells had atypical hyperchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli, high mitotic activity and atypical mitosis. In the central area, an epidermal cyst‐like structure was seen. The diagnosis of pilomatrical carcinosarcoma was rendered. This case appeared to have arisen from malignant transformation of a pilomatricoma because of the long clinical history and existence of a benign epidermal cyst like structures. In addition, the observation that the basaloid cells and spindle cells showed a gradual transition from one to the other and that both types were positive for β‐catenin would seem to support a common clonal origin for the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components.
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