Guaiacol/β-cyclodextrin for rapid healing of dry socket: antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and bone repair—an animal study

Abstract

Purpose

Dry socket (DS) is one the most common and symptomatic post-extraction complications; however, no consensus on its treatment has been reached. This study aimed to develop a novel dressing material for DS containing the phenolic agent guaiacol and evaluate its biological properties.

Methods

An inclusion complex of guaiacol and β-cyclodextrin (Gu/βcd) was prepared by freeze-drying. Its antibacterial activity over six oral bacteria was analyzed using the microdilution method, and its cytotoxicity in osteoblasts was assessed with the MTT assay. The alveolar healing process induced by Gu/βcd was evaluated histologically after the treatment of DS in rats.

Results

βcd complexation potentiated Gu's antibacterial effect and reduced its cytotoxicity in osteoblasts. Bone trabeculae were formed in the alveolar apices of rats treated with Gu/βcd by day 7. On day 14, woven bone occupied the apical and middle thirds of the sockets; on day 21, the entire alveolus was filled by newly formed bone, which was in a more advanced stage of repair than the positive control (Alvogyl™).

Conclusion

The improvement in Gu's biological properties in vitro and the rapid alveolar repair in comparison with Alvogyl™ in vivo demonstrated the benefits of the Gu/βcd complex as a future alternative for the treatment of DS.

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Guaiacol/β-cyclodextrin for rapid healing of dry socket: antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and bone repair—an animal study

Abstract

Purpose

Dry socket (DS) is one the most common and symptomatic post-extraction complications; however, no consensus on its treatment has been reached. This study aimed to develop a novel dressing material for DS containing the phenolic agent guaiacol and evaluate its biological properties.

Methods

An inclusion complex of guaiacol and β-cyclodextrin (Gu/βcd) was prepared by freeze-drying. Its antibacterial activity over six oral bacteria was analyzed using the microdilution method, and its cytotoxicity in osteoblasts was assessed with the MTT assay. The alveolar healing process induced by Gu/βcd was evaluated histologically after the treatment of DS in rats.

Results

βcd complexation potentiated Gu's antibacterial effect and reduced its cytotoxicity in osteoblasts. Bone trabeculae were formed in the alveolar apices of rats treated with Gu/βcd by day 7. On day 14, woven bone occupied the apical and middle thirds of the sockets; on day 21, the entire alveolus was filled by newly formed bone, which was in a more advanced stage of repair than the positive control (Alvogyl™).

Conclusion

The improvement in Gu's biological properties in vitro and the rapid alveolar repair in comparison with Alvogyl™ in vivo demonstrated the benefits of the Gu/βcd complex as a future alternative for the treatment of DS.

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Sleep Measurement in Toddlers From Low-income Families

ABSTRACT: Objectives: (1) To examine toddler sleep in a low-income sample by comparing sleep diaries and actigraphy and (2) to assess whether toddlers are meeting the National Sleep Foundation recommendations (11–14 hours of sleep/24 hours and bedtime before 9 PM). Methods: A convenience sample of mother-toddler dyads was recruited from 2 health care sites serving low-income communities. An actigraph was placed on the toddler's ankle and was worn for 3 days and nights. Mothers concurrently completed a sleep diary. Bedtime, nighttime sleep duration, nap duration, and 24-hour sleep duration were collected by both measures. Actigraphy data were analyzed using a combination of manufacturer's scoring algorithm and manual editing. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests were conducted to examine the differences between sleep estimates by a sleep diary and actigraphy. Results: Twenty toddlers (aged 13–42 months) were included in the analyses. Based on actigraphy, 1 toddler went to bed by 9 PM on all 3 nights. Six toddlers achieved 11 to 14 hours of sleep measured in a 24-hour period for 1 of the 3 days, but when sleep was averaged across the study, none achieved this goal. Compared with actigraphy, sleep diaries underestimated bedtime by 1 hour, overestimated nighttime sleep duration by 2.5 hours, and overestimated 24-hour sleep duration by 2.3 hours, on average for all 3 nights. Conclusion: Mothers reported significantly earlier bedtimes and longer sleep durations for their toddlers compared with actigraphy, suggesting that objective measures differ from sleep diaries in assessing sleep in toddlers from low-income families. Findings should not be generalized to populations of low-income families without replication. Address for reprints: Lauren B. Covington, PhD, MS, RN, University of Delaware, School of Nursing, 100 Discovery Boulevard, 5th floor, Newark, DE 19713; e-mail: lcovingt@udel.edu. Supported in part by funding through the Children's HealthWatch donors, which are listed in http://bit.ly/1eRrd00. L.B. Covington was supported through a grant from Sigma, Global Nursing Excellence, Pi Chapter. Disclosure: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Received September 23, 2018 Accepted December 26, 2018 Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Abstracts of Platform Sessions and Posters Accepted for Presentation at the 2018 Annual Meeting of the Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics

No abstract available

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The Combined Impact of Sleep and Diet on Adiposity in Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT: Objective: Short sleep duration and poor dietary habits may contribute to increased adiposity; however, the impact of the interaction between these variables on adiposity is less understood. To evaluate research investigating the combined effects of sleep and diet on adiposity in infants, toddlers, and young children. Methods: Systematic searches of electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science) from inception through April 2017 were conducted. All studies published in English that had at least 1 sleep (e.g., sleep duration and night awakenings), diet (e.g., 24-hour diet recall and breastfeeding duration), and adiposity (e.g., body mass index z-score and weight-for-length) measure were eligible for inclusion. Abstract and full-text article reviews were conducted by 2 independent reviewers. Data were extracted into a standardized spreadsheet. Results: Of the 17 full-text articles reviewed, 14 studies were included. Mediation (n = 2) and moderation (n = 2) were seldom used. Investigation of the combined effects of sleep and diet on adiposity demonstrated a substantial lack of evidence. Synthesis of articles suggests that the relationship between sleep and diet may be interactive and their effects additive in their impact when targeted simultaneously within interventions. Conclusion: Without consideration of interaction effects among variables of interest, a substantial gap in the literature persists. Both diet and sleep need to be assessed simultaneously and repetitively in future longitudinal research. Address for reprints: Megan E. Petrov, PhD, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, HealthSouth Bldg, Rm 358J, 500 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004; e-mail: megan.petrov@asu.edu. Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017065870. Received November 03, 2017 Accepted October 16, 2018 Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Sleep Measurement in Toddlers From Low-income Families

ABSTRACT: Objectives: (1) To examine toddler sleep in a low-income sample by comparing sleep diaries and actigraphy and (2) to assess whether toddlers are meeting the National Sleep Foundation recommendations (11–14 hours of sleep/24 hours and bedtime before 9 PM). Methods: A convenience sample of mother-toddler dyads was recruited from 2 health care sites serving low-income communities. An actigraph was placed on the toddler's ankle and was worn for 3 days and nights. Mothers concurrently completed a sleep diary. Bedtime, nighttime sleep duration, nap duration, and 24-hour sleep duration were collected by both measures. Actigraphy data were analyzed using a combination of manufacturer's scoring algorithm and manual editing. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests were conducted to examine the differences between sleep estimates by a sleep diary and actigraphy. Results: Twenty toddlers (aged 13–42 months) were included in the analyses. Based on actigraphy, 1 toddler went to bed by 9 PM on all 3 nights. Six toddlers achieved 11 to 14 hours of sleep measured in a 24-hour period for 1 of the 3 days, but when sleep was averaged across the study, none achieved this goal. Compared with actigraphy, sleep diaries underestimated bedtime by 1 hour, overestimated nighttime sleep duration by 2.5 hours, and overestimated 24-hour sleep duration by 2.3 hours, on average for all 3 nights. Conclusion: Mothers reported significantly earlier bedtimes and longer sleep durations for their toddlers compared with actigraphy, suggesting that objective measures differ from sleep diaries in assessing sleep in toddlers from low-income families. Findings should not be generalized to populations of low-income families without replication. Address for reprints: Lauren B. Covington, PhD, MS, RN, University of Delaware, School of Nursing, 100 Discovery Boulevard, 5th floor, Newark, DE 19713; e-mail: lcovingt@udel.edu. Supported in part by funding through the Children's HealthWatch donors, which are listed in http://bit.ly/1eRrd00. L.B. Covington was supported through a grant from Sigma, Global Nursing Excellence, Pi Chapter. Disclosure: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Received September 23, 2018 Accepted December 26, 2018 Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Race, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Factors, and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

No abstract available

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Abstracts of Platform Sessions and Posters Accepted for Presentation at the 2018 Annual Meeting of the Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics

No abstract available

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Journal Article Reviews

No abstract available

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The Combined Impact of Sleep and Diet on Adiposity in Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT: Objective: Short sleep duration and poor dietary habits may contribute to increased adiposity; however, the impact of the interaction between these variables on adiposity is less understood. To evaluate research investigating the combined effects of sleep and diet on adiposity in infants, toddlers, and young children. Methods: Systematic searches of electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science) from inception through April 2017 were conducted. All studies published in English that had at least 1 sleep (e.g., sleep duration and night awakenings), diet (e.g., 24-hour diet recall and breastfeeding duration), and adiposity (e.g., body mass index z-score and weight-for-length) measure were eligible for inclusion. Abstract and full-text article reviews were conducted by 2 independent reviewers. Data were extracted into a standardized spreadsheet. Results: Of the 17 full-text articles reviewed, 14 studies were included. Mediation (n = 2) and moderation (n = 2) were seldom used. Investigation of the combined effects of sleep and diet on adiposity demonstrated a substantial lack of evidence. Synthesis of articles suggests that the relationship between sleep and diet may be interactive and their effects additive in their impact when targeted simultaneously within interventions. Conclusion: Without consideration of interaction effects among variables of interest, a substantial gap in the literature persists. Both diet and sleep need to be assessed simultaneously and repetitively in future longitudinal research. Address for reprints: Megan E. Petrov, PhD, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, HealthSouth Bldg, Rm 358J, 500 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004; e-mail: megan.petrov@asu.edu. Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017065870. Received November 03, 2017 Accepted October 16, 2018 Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Race, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Factors, and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

No abstract available

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Journal Article Reviews

No abstract available

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Reply

We have with great interest read the comment from Liccardi et al1 on our article recently published in the Journal.2 We share the opinion that the male dog allergen Can f 5 is an intriguing molecule that deserves further investigation. Sensitization to Can f 5 has in several studies been shown to play a role in respiratory allergy and it is known that monosensitization to Can f 5 occurs in a considerable proportion of dog dander–sensitized individuals. In the current study of dog dander–sensitized children we found that monosensitization to Can f 5 was associated with a negative nasal provocation test (NPT) result with dog dander extract (odds ratio, 5.78; 95% CI, 1.01-33.0).

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Can f 5 as a suitable marker of dog allergy: Assess male dog exposure before banning it

We read with interest the excellent article by Käck et al1 focusing on the role of different dog allergens in inducing nasal symptoms as assessed by nasal provocation tests (NPTs). It is well known that a significant percentage of individuals sensitized to dog allergens by skin prick tests do not develop overt respiratory symptoms (asthma and/or rhinitis) after direct dog exposure. For this reason, NPTs can be regarded as the "criterion standard" to clarify whether a sensitization to dog allergens can be regarded clinically relevant.

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In-Vitro Setup to Test Hydroxy-Propyl-Methyl-Cellulose as Allergen Barrier over a Span of 360 Minutes

Powder hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose (pHPMC), insufflated in the nose, swells and makes a gel barrier against offending allergens. Most clinical studies demonstrating efficacy of pHPMC have been done in patients sensitized to grass and birch pollens.We set up an in vitro study to document the reduction by pHPMC of the diffusion in agar of 3 other common allergens.

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Reply

We have with great interest read the comment from Liccardi et al1 on our article recently published in the Journal.2 We share the opinion that the male dog allergen Can f 5 is an intriguing molecule that deserves further investigation. Sensitization to Can f 5 has in several studies been shown to play a role in respiratory allergy and it is known that monosensitization to Can f 5 occurs in a considerable proportion of dog dander–sensitized individuals. In the current study of dog dander–sensitized children we found that monosensitization to Can f 5 was associated with a negative nasal provocation test (NPT) result with dog dander extract (odds ratio, 5.78; 95% CI, 1.01-33.0).

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TKMHo1

Can f 5 as a suitable marker of dog allergy: Assess male dog exposure before banning it

We read with interest the excellent article by Käck et al1 focusing on the role of different dog allergens in inducing nasal symptoms as assessed by nasal provocation tests (NPTs). It is well known that a significant percentage of individuals sensitized to dog allergens by skin prick tests do not develop overt respiratory symptoms (asthma and/or rhinitis) after direct dog exposure. For this reason, NPTs can be regarded as the "criterion standard" to clarify whether a sensitization to dog allergens can be regarded clinically relevant.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BvfXrz

In-Vitro Setup to Test Hydroxy-Propyl-Methyl-Cellulose as Allergen Barrier over a Span of 360 Minutes

Powder hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose (pHPMC), insufflated in the nose, swells and makes a gel barrier against offending allergens. Most clinical studies demonstrating efficacy of pHPMC have been done in patients sensitized to grass and birch pollens.We set up an in vitro study to document the reduction by pHPMC of the diffusion in agar of 3 other common allergens.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TEi0AL

Why salivary diagnostics for dental practices?

Source: www.dentistryiq.com Author: Barbara Kreuger, MA, RDH I recently had the opportunity to visit OralDNA Labs and learn more about the […]

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Chronic Rhinosinusitis May Up Risk for Anxiety, Depression Chronic Rhinosinusitis May Up Risk for Anxiety, Depression

Chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with increased risk for anxiety and depression. An expert says possible causal links are unclear, but he supports mental health screening for these patients.Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines)

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Why salivary diagnostics for dental practices?

Source: www.dentistryiq.com Author: Barbara Kreuger, MA, RDH I recently had the opportunity to visit OralDNA Labs and learn more about the […]

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Chronic Rhinosinusitis May Up Risk for Anxiety, Depression Chronic Rhinosinusitis May Up Risk for Anxiety, Depression

Chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with increased risk for anxiety and depression. An expert says possible causal links are unclear, but he supports mental health screening for these patients.Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines)

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‘They needed something more after treatment’

Source: www.nursingtimes.net Author: Claire Reed Lesley Taylor wanted to examine the lack of support for patients at the end of treatment, […]

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‘They needed something more after treatment’

Source: www.nursingtimes.net Author: Claire Reed Lesley Taylor wanted to examine the lack of support for patients at the end of treatment, […]

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Early Introduction of Egg and Development of Egg Allergy

Int Arch Allergy Immunol (Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology)

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Early Introduction of Egg and Development of Egg Allergy

Int Arch Allergy Immunol (Source: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology)

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Towards Health Equity: Deaf Adults & #8217; Engagement in Social e-Health Activities and e-Communication with Health Care Providers

(Source: Journal of Health Communication)

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Towards Health Equity: Deaf Adults & #8217; Engagement in Social e-Health Activities and e-Communication with Health Care Providers

(Source: Journal of Health Communication)

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Comparative analysis of the intervertebral disc signal and annulus changes between immediate and 1-year postoperative MRI after transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy and annuloplasty

Abstract

Purpose

Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation frequently shows spinal canal compression by the remaining annulus, which gradually decreases over time. Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) can remove the herniation with minimal trauma to surrounding soft tissue. We aim to identify this remodeling of annulus fibrosus and the change of disc signal after TELD.

Methods

We reviewed patients who underwent TELD. Clinical data obtained were Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain. Residual mass signal and disc protrusion size were measured in postoperative MRI.

Results

Thirty-one patients were reviewed. The mean age was 38.3 ± 14.4 years (range 18 to 76 years). ODI was 18.2% at the first follow-up and 12.7% at the last follow-up (p = 0.009). VAS for back and leg pain were 2.0 and 1.0 without significant change during follow-up. Disc protrusion size was reduced by 67.7% at the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.001). The residual mass signals at postoperative day 1 were high in 12 cases, intermediate in 18 cases, and low in1 case. The signal intensity was correlated with the percentage of disc protrusion reduction (p = 0.048). The percentage of disc protrusion reduction correlated with the last follow-up ODI (p = 0.018).

Conclusion

One year after TELD, annulus remodeling was observed with an average of 67.7% of size reduction. The high signal intensity of residual mass at day 1 correlated with disc protrusion reduction at follow-up MRI. The percentage of disc protrusion reduction associated with the ODI at the final follow-up.

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Comparative analysis of the intervertebral disc signal and annulus changes between immediate and 1-year postoperative MRI after transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy and annuloplasty

Abstract

Purpose

Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation frequently shows spinal canal compression by the remaining annulus, which gradually decreases over time. Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) can remove the herniation with minimal trauma to surrounding soft tissue. We aim to identify this remodeling of annulus fibrosus and the change of disc signal after TELD.

Methods

We reviewed patients who underwent TELD. Clinical data obtained were Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain. Residual mass signal and disc protrusion size were measured in postoperative MRI.

Results

Thirty-one patients were reviewed. The mean age was 38.3 ± 14.4 years (range 18 to 76 years). ODI was 18.2% at the first follow-up and 12.7% at the last follow-up (p = 0.009). VAS for back and leg pain were 2.0 and 1.0 without significant change during follow-up. Disc protrusion size was reduced by 67.7% at the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.001). The residual mass signals at postoperative day 1 were high in 12 cases, intermediate in 18 cases, and low in1 case. The signal intensity was correlated with the percentage of disc protrusion reduction (p = 0.048). The percentage of disc protrusion reduction correlated with the last follow-up ODI (p = 0.018).

Conclusion

One year after TELD, annulus remodeling was observed with an average of 67.7% of size reduction. The high signal intensity of residual mass at day 1 correlated with disc protrusion reduction at follow-up MRI. The percentage of disc protrusion reduction associated with the ODI at the final follow-up.

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Acoustic Discriminability of the Complex Phonation System in !X óõ

In this study, I investigate whether the psychoacoustic model of voice by Kreiman et al. (2014) succeeds at distinguishing six phonation types of !X óõ. Linear discriminant analysis is performed using parameters from the model averaged over the entire vowel as well as for the first and final halves of the vowel. The results indicate very high classification accuracy for all phonation types. Measures averaged over the vowel's entire duration are closely correlated with the discriminant functions, suggesting that they are sufficient for distinguishing even dynamic phonation types. Measures from all classes of parameters are correlated with the linear discriminant functions; in particular, the "strident" vowels, which are harsh in qua lity, are characterized by their noise, changes in...

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Preference organization in English as a Medium of Instruction classrooms in a Turkish higher education setting

This study explores preference organization in an under-researched context, an English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) setting, and it specifically focuses on how a teacher displays dispreference for preceding learner turns. The data consist of 30 h of video recordings from two EMI classes, which were recorded for an academic term at a university in Turkey. Using Conversation Analysis, we demonstrate that the teacher employs a variety of interactional resources such as changing body position, gaze movements, hedging, and delaying devices to show dispreference for preceding student answers. Based on our empirical analysis, the ways the teacher prioritizes content and task over form/language are illustrated. The analyses also reveal that negotiation of meaning at content level and prod...

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Corrigendum to “Anticancer, antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities of green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) using aqueous extract of Sargassum wightii” [Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 190, January 2019, Pages 86–97]

Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: BiologyAuthor(s): Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Raju Prabhu, Kavitha Muruganantham, Rajasree Shanmuganathan, Suganthy Natarajan (Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology)

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Nouns for visual objects: A hypothesis of the vision-language interface

Publication date: March 2019Source: Language Sciences, Volume 72Author(s): Francesco-Alessio Ursini, Paolo AcquavivaAbstractWe propose an interpretation of the vision process and a structural analysis of nouns and nominal reference which make it possible to relate the visual/cognitive and the linguistic encapsulation of objecthood in a rigorous way. The result of this integrated hypothesis is a predictive account of possible and impossible nouns lexicalizing visual objects. Visual objects are indexed relations between stimuli interpreted via visual properties, such as [round], and what we define as object concepts: a red ball is the relation between the red and spherical features and the object concept of a ball. In language, nouns identify object concepts, semantically modelled as kinds, ...

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Editorial Board

Publication date: March 2019Source: Journal of Fluency Disorders, Volume 59Author(s): (Source: Journal of Fluency Disorders)

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The Lombard effect associated with Chinese male alaryngeal speech

. (Source: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology)

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Acoustic Discriminability of the Complex Phonation System in !X óõ

In this study, I investigate whether the psychoacoustic model of voice by Kreiman et al. (2014) succeeds at distinguishing six phonation types of !X óõ. Linear discriminant analysis is performed using parameters from the model averaged over the entire vowel as well as for the first and final halves of the vowel. The results indicate very high classification accuracy for all phonation types. Measures averaged over the vowel's entire duration are closely correlated with the discriminant functions, suggesting that they are sufficient for distinguishing even dynamic phonation types. Measures from all classes of parameters are correlated with the linear discriminant functions; in particular, the "strident" vowels, which are harsh in qua lity, are characterized by their noise, changes in...

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Preference organization in English as a Medium of Instruction classrooms in a Turkish higher education setting

This study explores preference organization in an under-researched context, an English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) setting, and it specifically focuses on how a teacher displays dispreference for preceding learner turns. The data consist of 30 h of video recordings from two EMI classes, which were recorded for an academic term at a university in Turkey. Using Conversation Analysis, we demonstrate that the teacher employs a variety of interactional resources such as changing body position, gaze movements, hedging, and delaying devices to show dispreference for preceding student answers. Based on our empirical analysis, the ways the teacher prioritizes content and task over form/language are illustrated. The analyses also reveal that negotiation of meaning at content level and prod...

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Corrigendum to “Anticancer, antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities of green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) using aqueous extract of Sargassum wightii” [Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 190, January 2019, Pages 86–97]

Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: BiologyAuthor(s): Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Raju Prabhu, Kavitha Muruganantham, Rajasree Shanmuganathan, Suganthy Natarajan (Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology)

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Nouns for visual objects: A hypothesis of the vision-language interface

Publication date: March 2019Source: Language Sciences, Volume 72Author(s): Francesco-Alessio Ursini, Paolo AcquavivaAbstractWe propose an interpretation of the vision process and a structural analysis of nouns and nominal reference which make it possible to relate the visual/cognitive and the linguistic encapsulation of objecthood in a rigorous way. The result of this integrated hypothesis is a predictive account of possible and impossible nouns lexicalizing visual objects. Visual objects are indexed relations between stimuli interpreted via visual properties, such as [round], and what we define as object concepts: a red ball is the relation between the red and spherical features and the object concept of a ball. In language, nouns identify object concepts, semantically modelled as kinds, ...

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Editorial Board

Publication date: March 2019Source: Journal of Fluency Disorders, Volume 59Author(s): (Source: Journal of Fluency Disorders)

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The Lombard effect associated with Chinese male alaryngeal speech

. (Source: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology)

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Correction to: Toward Automatic Detection of Radiation-Induced Cerebral Microbleeds Using a 3D Deep Residual Network

This paper was published inadvertently as open access. It has been corrected online.

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Multidisciplinary oral rehabilitation of an adolescent suffering from juvenile Gorlin-Goltz syndrome – a case report

The Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by keratocystic odontogenic tumors in the jaws, multiple basal cell carcinomas and skeletal abnormities. Frequently, the manifestation ...

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Correction to: Toward Automatic Detection of Radiation-Induced Cerebral Microbleeds Using a 3D Deep Residual Network

This paper was published inadvertently as open access. It has been corrected online.

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Multidisciplinary oral rehabilitation of an adolescent suffering from juvenile Gorlin-Goltz syndrome – a case report

The Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by keratocystic odontogenic tumors in the jaws, multiple basal cell carcinomas and skeletal abnormities. Frequently, the manifestation ...

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A Prospective Study of the Effect of Cochlear Implantation on Tinnitus

This study shows that cochlear implantation could help to reduce tinnitus and the tinnitus handicap in at least 28% of the patients with preoperative tinnitus. In 72% of the patients the tinnitus remained after implantation. None of the patients developed tinnitus after implantation. A shorter duration of tinnitus prior to implantation, a more fluctuating type of tinnitus, a higher tinnitus handicap prior to implantation, and a round-window surgical approach might have a positive influence on the effect of cochlear implantation on tinnitus, but further research is necessary to confirm these findings.Audiol Neurotol 2018;23:356 –363 (Source: Audiology and Neurotology)

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A Prospective Study of the Effect of Cochlear Implantation on Tinnitus

This study shows that cochlear implantation could help to reduce tinnitus and the tinnitus handicap in at least 28% of the patients with preoperative tinnitus. In 72% of the patients the tinnitus remained after implantation. None of the patients developed tinnitus after implantation. A shorter duration of tinnitus prior to implantation, a more fluctuating type of tinnitus, a higher tinnitus handicap prior to implantation, and a round-window surgical approach might have a positive influence on the effect of cochlear implantation on tinnitus, but further research is necessary to confirm these findings.Audiol Neurotol 2018;23:356 –363 (Source: Audiology and Neurotology)

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Cochlear Implant Users with Otosclerosis: Are Hearing and Quality of Life Outcomes Worse than in Cochlear Implant Users without Otosclerosis?

Conclusions: Adults with otosclerosis and profound hearing loss derive significant benefit from CI use. Audiological and self-reported outcomes are not significantly different from that of other CI users with postlingual deafness.Audiol Neurotol 2018;23:345 –355 (Source: Audiology and Neurotology)

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Cochlear Implant Users with Otosclerosis: Are Hearing and Quality of Life Outcomes Worse than in Cochlear Implant Users without Otosclerosis?

Conclusions: Adults with otosclerosis and profound hearing loss derive significant benefit from CI use. Audiological and self-reported outcomes are not significantly different from that of other CI users with postlingual deafness.Audiol Neurotol 2018;23:345 –355 (Source: Audiology and Neurotology)

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Measuring liver fat fraction with complex-based chemical shift MRI: the effect of simplified sampling protocols on accuracy

Abstract

Background

The assessment of liver percentage fat fraction (%FF) using proton density fat fraction sequences is becoming increasingly accessible. Previous studies have tended to use multiple small ROIs that focus on Couinaud segments. In an effort to simplify day-to-day analysis, this study assesses the impact of using larger, elliptical ROIs focused on a single hepatic lobe. Additionally, we assess the impact of sampling fewer transhepatic slices when measuring %FF.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of prospectively obtained images from 34 volunteers using an IDEAL IQ sequence. Two observers independently measured %FF using three different protocols: freehand whole-liver ROI (fh-ROI), elliptical-ROI on the right lobe (rt-ROI) and elliptical-ROI on the left lobe (lt-ROI).

Results

Inter-observer reliability for all measurements techniques was 'excellent' (Spearman's rank correlation coefficients 0.81–0.98). There was a significant difference (Paired Wilcoxon Test: p < 0.001) between the median %FF obtained using fh-ROI when compared to the rt-ROI method, the maximum mean difference between the two techniques was 2.79% (95% CI). For all sampling methods a Kruskall-Wallis analysis demonstrated no significant difference in mean %FF when the number of slices sampled was reduced from 11 to 1. The mean coefficient of variance increased when more slices were sampled (3 slices = 0.1, 11 slices = 0.17, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Simplified ROIs focused on one hepatic lobe provide %FF measurements that are unlikely to be sufficiently accurate for use in clinical practice. Freehand whole-liver ROIs should be used in preference.

A single freehand ROI measurement taken at the level of the hepatic hilum yields a %FF that is representative of the mean whole liver % FF. Multiple slices are needed to measure heterogeneity.

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Measuring liver fat fraction with complex-based chemical shift MRI: the effect of simplified sampling protocols on accuracy

Abstract

Background

The assessment of liver percentage fat fraction (%FF) using proton density fat fraction sequences is becoming increasingly accessible. Previous studies have tended to use multiple small ROIs that focus on Couinaud segments. In an effort to simplify day-to-day analysis, this study assesses the impact of using larger, elliptical ROIs focused on a single hepatic lobe. Additionally, we assess the impact of sampling fewer transhepatic slices when measuring %FF.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of prospectively obtained images from 34 volunteers using an IDEAL IQ sequence. Two observers independently measured %FF using three different protocols: freehand whole-liver ROI (fh-ROI), elliptical-ROI on the right lobe (rt-ROI) and elliptical-ROI on the left lobe (lt-ROI).

Results

Inter-observer reliability for all measurements techniques was 'excellent' (Spearman's rank correlation coefficients 0.81–0.98). There was a significant difference (Paired Wilcoxon Test: p < 0.001) between the median %FF obtained using fh-ROI when compared to the rt-ROI method, the maximum mean difference between the two techniques was 2.79% (95% CI). For all sampling methods a Kruskall-Wallis analysis demonstrated no significant difference in mean %FF when the number of slices sampled was reduced from 11 to 1. The mean coefficient of variance increased when more slices were sampled (3 slices = 0.1, 11 slices = 0.17, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Simplified ROIs focused on one hepatic lobe provide %FF measurements that are unlikely to be sufficiently accurate for use in clinical practice. Freehand whole-liver ROIs should be used in preference.

A single freehand ROI measurement taken at the level of the hepatic hilum yields a %FF that is representative of the mean whole liver % FF. Multiple slices are needed to measure heterogeneity.

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Coexistence an aberrant right subclavian artery with other congenital anomalies: case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Aberrant right subclavian artery is the most common aortic arch anomaly that frequently occurs in coexistence with other congenital cardiovascular anomalies. A 32-year-old male patient was hospitalized with ventricular septal defect, chronic heart failure NYHA class III, pulmonary arterial hypertension. Contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomography revealed membranous ventricular septal defect, persistent left superior vena cava, bicuspid aortic valve and aberrant right subclavian artery. Aberrant right subclavian artery was clinically silent and discovered accidentally. The patient underwent heart–lung transplantation due to pronounced, irreversible pulmonary hypertension. This article reports a rare coexistence of aberrant right subclavian artery with other congenital anomalies of the heart and great vessels in living men.

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Coexistence an aberrant right subclavian artery with other congenital anomalies: case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Aberrant right subclavian artery is the most common aortic arch anomaly that frequently occurs in coexistence with other congenital cardiovascular anomalies. A 32-year-old male patient was hospitalized with ventricular septal defect, chronic heart failure NYHA class III, pulmonary arterial hypertension. Contrast-enhanced multislice computed tomography revealed membranous ventricular septal defect, persistent left superior vena cava, bicuspid aortic valve and aberrant right subclavian artery. Aberrant right subclavian artery was clinically silent and discovered accidentally. The patient underwent heart–lung transplantation due to pronounced, irreversible pulmonary hypertension. This article reports a rare coexistence of aberrant right subclavian artery with other congenital anomalies of the heart and great vessels in living men.

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Combination Therapy With VRC-HIVMAB060-00-AB (VRC01) and 10-1074 in HIV-Infected Individuals Undergoing Sequential Treatment Interruptions

Condition:   HIV Interventions:   Biological: VRC-HIVMAB060-00-AB (VRC01);   Biological: 10-1074;   Biological: Normal Saline Placebo Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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The Influence of ANS-6637 on Midazolam Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Volunteers

Condition:   Opioid Addiction Interventions:   Drug: MDZ;   Drug: ANS-6637 Sponsors:   National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC);   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Retrospective Chart Review of Candida Fungemia

Condition:   Candida Intervention:   Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Active, not recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Combination Therapy With VRC-HIVMAB060-00-AB (VRC01) and 10-1074 in HIV-Infected Individuals Undergoing Sequential Treatment Interruptions

Condition:   HIV Interventions:   Biological: VRC-HIVMAB060-00-AB (VRC01);   Biological: 10-1074;   Biological: Normal Saline Placebo Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Pediatric Pulmonary Invasive Mold Infections

Conditions:   Pulmonary Invasive Mold Infections;   Pulmonary Invasive Aspergillosis Intervention:   Diagnostic Test: Non-Invasive Testing for PIMI Sponsors:   Duke University;   Children's Hospital of Philadelphia;   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

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The Influence of ANS-6637 on Midazolam Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Volunteers

Condition:   Opioid Addiction Interventions:   Drug: MDZ;   Drug: ANS-6637 Sponsors:   National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC);   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

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Allergy UK Research and Development Nurse Project

Condition:   Allergy Intervention:   Other: Nurse Led Allergy Clinic Sponsors:   University of Edinburgh;   Allergy UK Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Retrospective Chart Review of Candida Fungemia

Condition:   Candida Intervention:   Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Active, not recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Safety Study of Hepatitis E Vaccine (HEV239) in Healthy US Adult Population

Conditions:   Hepatitis E;   Immunisation Interventions:   Biological: HEV 239;   Other: Placebo Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Pediatric Pulmonary Invasive Mold Infections

Conditions:   Pulmonary Invasive Mold Infections;   Pulmonary Invasive Aspergillosis Intervention:   Diagnostic Test: Non-Invasive Testing for PIMI Sponsors:   Duke University;   Children's Hospital of Philadelphia;   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

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AQUApay (AQUA Predictive Ability in Youths): Study on the Predictive Ability of the Questionnaire AQUA © in Children and Adolescents

Condition:   Young Athletes Intervention:   Diagnostic Test: Questionnaire AQUA©, pediatric version Sponsor:   Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Allergy UK Research and Development Nurse Project

Condition:   Allergy Intervention:   Other: Nurse Led Allergy Clinic Sponsors:   University of Edinburgh;   Allergy UK Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Safety Study of Hepatitis E Vaccine (HEV239) in Healthy US Adult Population

Conditions:   Hepatitis E;   Immunisation Interventions:   Biological: HEV 239;   Other: Placebo Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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AQUApay (AQUA Predictive Ability in Youths): Study on the Predictive Ability of the Questionnaire AQUA © in Children and Adolescents

Condition:   Young Athletes Intervention:   Diagnostic Test: Questionnaire AQUA©, pediatric version Sponsor:   Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Real-time PCR HPV genotyping in fine needle aspirations of metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Exposing the limitations of conventional p16 immunostaining

Publication date: March 2019

Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 90

Author(s): F. El-Salem, M. Mansour, M. Gitman, B.A. Miles, M.R. Posner, R.L. Bakst, E.M. Genden, W.H. Westra

Abstract

Background

Given the propensity for HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-HNSCC) to metastasize to cervical lymph nodes, fine needle aspiration (FNA) plays an important diagnostic role in their initial detection. Indeed, there is now an unwavering commitment to HPV testing of FNAs even in the absence of clear methodologic guidelines and threshold criteria. A particular difficulty pertains to the interpretation of p16 staining.

Design

Data was collected for 210 patients with suspected regionally metastatic HNSCC that had undergone FNA as part of standard clinical care. Initial HPV screening was performed on cell blocks with real-time PCR using primers targeting L1 of high-risk HPV types. Additional genotyping was performed on HPV-positive cases. The results were compared to p16 staining and subsequent excisions when available.

Results

Of the 207 samples with sufficient DNA, 175 (85%) were HPV positive. HPV-16 was the most commonly detected genotype (90%). Of the HPV-positive cases, the primary site was the oropharynx (n = 154, 88.0%), supraglottic larynx (n = 2, 1.1%), nasal cavity (n = 1, 0.6%), hypopharynx (n = 1, 0.6%) or unknown (n = 17, 9.7%). On comparison with 31 paired surgical excisions, HPV status was concordant in all cases (100% correlation). Of 142 HPV-positive cases with matching p16 stains, p16 staining was reported as positive (n = 85, 60%), focal (n = 27, 19%), negative (n = 24, 17%) or non-contributory (n = 6, 4%); and only 33% reached the standard threshold limit (i.e. 70%) for HPV positivity.

Conclusion

For patients with metastatic HNSCC, real-time PCR of FNAs reliably reflects HPV status, and is superior to conventional p16 immunostaining.

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Assessment of patients’ self-perceived intensive care unit discomforts: Validation of the 18-item version of the IPREA

We reported the validation of the 18-item version of the 'Inconforts des Patients de REAnimation (IPREA)' questionnaire that includes 2 new items exploring feeling depressed and shortness of breath during an i...

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The combined impact of dependency on caregivers, disability, and coping strategy on quality of life after ischemic stroke

To estimate the additional impact of coping and of being dependent on caregivers, over and above the large effects of disability on utility after ischemic stroke.

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Real-time PCR HPV genotyping in fine needle aspirations of metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Exposing the limitations of conventional p16 immunostaining

Publication date: March 2019

Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 90

Author(s): F. El-Salem, M. Mansour, M. Gitman, B.A. Miles, M.R. Posner, R.L. Bakst, E.M. Genden, W.H. Westra

Abstract

Background

Given the propensity for HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-HNSCC) to metastasize to cervical lymph nodes, fine needle aspiration (FNA) plays an important diagnostic role in their initial detection. Indeed, there is now an unwavering commitment to HPV testing of FNAs even in the absence of clear methodologic guidelines and threshold criteria. A particular difficulty pertains to the interpretation of p16 staining.

Design

Data was collected for 210 patients with suspected regionally metastatic HNSCC that had undergone FNA as part of standard clinical care. Initial HPV screening was performed on cell blocks with real-time PCR using primers targeting L1 of high-risk HPV types. Additional genotyping was performed on HPV-positive cases. The results were compared to p16 staining and subsequent excisions when available.

Results

Of the 207 samples with sufficient DNA, 175 (85%) were HPV positive. HPV-16 was the most commonly detected genotype (90%). Of the HPV-positive cases, the primary site was the oropharynx (n = 154, 88.0%), supraglottic larynx (n = 2, 1.1%), nasal cavity (n = 1, 0.6%), hypopharynx (n = 1, 0.6%) or unknown (n = 17, 9.7%). On comparison with 31 paired surgical excisions, HPV status was concordant in all cases (100% correlation). Of 142 HPV-positive cases with matching p16 stains, p16 staining was reported as positive (n = 85, 60%), focal (n = 27, 19%), negative (n = 24, 17%) or non-contributory (n = 6, 4%); and only 33% reached the standard threshold limit (i.e. 70%) for HPV positivity.

Conclusion

For patients with metastatic HNSCC, real-time PCR of FNAs reliably reflects HPV status, and is superior to conventional p16 immunostaining.

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Psychometric properties of the Epworth sleepiness scale in Ethiopian university students

Daytime sleepiness is highly prevalent across the globe. The Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is the most widely used tool for screening daytime sleepiness. The psychometric properties of the ESS have not been c...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TFyB72

Assessment of patients’ self-perceived intensive care unit discomforts: Validation of the 18-item version of the IPREA

We reported the validation of the 18-item version of the 'Inconforts des Patients de REAnimation (IPREA)' questionnaire that includes 2 new items exploring feeling depressed and shortness of breath during an i...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TDWrQN

Oral cancer of Sigmund Freud

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Sh3KkK

The combined impact of dependency on caregivers, disability, and coping strategy on quality of life after ischemic stroke

To estimate the additional impact of coping and of being dependent on caregivers, over and above the large effects of disability on utility after ischemic stroke.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Bt49WP

Psychometric properties of the Epworth sleepiness scale in Ethiopian university students

Daytime sleepiness is highly prevalent across the globe. The Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is the most widely used tool for screening daytime sleepiness. The psychometric properties of the ESS have not been c...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TFyB72

Oral cancer of Sigmund Freud

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Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis Arising from Lingual Thyroid

AbstractAlthough lingual thyroid is the most common site for ectopic thyroid gland but carcinomas originating from lingual thyroid are extremely rare, accounting only for 1% of all ectopic thyroids. Here we represent a young female with a bleeding mass at the base of her tongue and review the diagnostic approach towards papillary thyroid carcinoma of lingual thyroid. The surgical treatment and follow up are discussed. A combination of radiological studies and histological evaluation should be deployed to investigate suspicious lingual thyroids. The perspective of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for carcinomas of lingual thyroid is the same as orthotopic thyroid tissue. (Source: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery)

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Computer Algorithms in Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome and Its Application in Estimating Prevalence of Sleep Related Disorders in Population

AbstractThe incorporation of telemedicine and artificial intelligence for early screening and assessment of severity of life-style disorders has a great potential for better assessment in a busy outpatient clinic and thereby curtail down the related morbidities. A computer based algorithm based upon standardized questionnaire (from established assessment tools) is designed to assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). In addition the incorporation of basic screening questions of anamnesis help in suggesting a probable diagnosis of sleep related disorder as well. The overall data at our center has been analyzed to establish the existing pattern of sleep related disorders. Of 850 healthy subjects screened, prevalence of snoring was 20.47% while OSAS was seen in 4.20% (N  ...

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Clinicopathological and Radiological Study of Thyroid Swelling

AbstractThyroid swelling is the most common swelling among the endocrine disorder. It can affect any age group. USG neck will help to diagnose the solid and cystic lesions. The treatment is surgical excision. FNAC is a good diagnostic tool to minimize the incidence of thyroidectomy. FNAC is cost effective, reliable and OPD procedure. Final diagnosis can only be made by HPE postoperatively. The aim of this study is to find out the relative occurrence of various pathological conditions presenting as midline thyroid swellings and clinicopathological and radiological examination of the thyroid swellings. A one and half year prospective study which was carried out from October 2016 to April 2018 in ENT department of MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala. Informed written consent was taken from all the patien...

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Prognostic Modeling for Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases Incorporating FDG PET Radiomic Features

Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019

Source: European Journal of Radiology

Author(s): Arman Rahmim, Kirstine P. Bak-Fredslund, Saeed Ashrafinia, Lijun Lu, C. Ross Schmidtlein, Rathan M. Subramaniam, Anni Morsing, Susanne Keiding, Jacob Horsager, Ole L. Munk

Abstract

Objective

We aimed to improve prediction of outcome for patients with colorectal liver metastases, via prognostic models incorporating PET-derived measures, including radiomic features that move beyond conventional standard uptake value (SUV) measures.

Patients and Methods

A range of parameters including volumetric and heterogeneity measures were derived from FDG PET images of 52 patients with colorectal intrahepatic-only metastases (29 males and 23 females; mean age 62.9 years [SD 9.8; range 32–82]). The patients underwent PET/CT imaging as part of the clinical workup prior to final decision on treatment. Univariate and multivariate models were implemented, which included statistical considerations (to discourage false discovery and overfitting), to predict overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and event-free survival (EFS). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed, where the subjects were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, from which the hazard ratios (HR) were computed via Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Commonly-invoked SUV metrics performed relatively poorly for different prediction tasks (SUVmax HR = 1.48, 0.83 and 1.16; SUVpeak HR = 2.05, 1.93, and 1.64, for OS, PFS and EFS, respectively). By contrast, the number of liver metastases and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) each performed well (with respective HR values of 2.71, 2.61 and 2.42, and 2.62, 1.96 and 2.29, for OS, PFS and EFS). Total lesion glycolysis (TLG) also resulted in similar performance as MTV. Multivariate prognostic modeling incorporating different features (including those quantifying intra-tumor heterogeneity) resulted in further enhanced prediction. Specifically, HR values of 4.29, 4.02 and 3.20 (p-values = 0.00004, 0.0019 and 0.0002) were obtained for OS, PFS and EFS, respectively.

Conclusions

PET-derived measures beyond commonly invoked SUV parameters hold significant potential towards improved prediction of clinical outcome in patients with liver metastases, especially when utilizing multivariate models.

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Combination of breast imaging parameters obtained from 18F-FDG PET and CT scan can improve the prediction of breast-conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in luminal/HER2-negative breast cancer

Publication date: Available online 7 February 2019

Source: European Journal of Radiology

Author(s): Mathieu Grapin, Charles Coutant, Jean-Marc Riedinger, Sylvain Ladoire, François Brunotte, Alexandre Cochet, Olivier Humbert

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

The luminal/Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) negative subtype of breast cancer has low chemo-sensitivity. When neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is indicated in this subtype, before a possible breast-conserving surgery (BCS), it is more reasonable to target tumor shrinkage than complete pathological tumor response. We aimed to identify breast and tumor ¹⁸Fluoro-deoxy-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET-CT scan imaging features for the early prediction of BCS after NAC in luminal/HER2 negative subtypes of breast cancer.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Seventy-seven consecutive women with luminal/HER2-negative breast cancer for whom BCS was initially not feasible and NAC was prescribed, to decrease tumor size before surgery, were included retrospectively. An ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT scan exam was performed before and after the first course of NAC.

RESULTS

After NAC, 36% (28/77) of women had a mastectomy and 64% (49/77) underwent BCS. Patients with a mastectomy had lower total breast volume (BV_total) (p = 0.002), lower decrease in Δmetabolic tumor volume (ΔMTV) (p = 0.03) and lower SUV_max2 (p = 0.05). Using ROC Curve analyses to define the optimal predictive threshold of BV_total (496 cm³) and ΔMTV (-17.1%), 3 subgroups of women with different odds of BCS after treatment were identified (p = 0.001): low, medium and high probability groups (respectively 29%, 62% and 82%).

CONCLUSIONS

For patients with Luminal/HER2 negative breast cancer, the combination of the imaging features of the tumor and the mammary gland, obtained with ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT at baseline and after the first cycle of NAC, may allow the physician to evaluate the probability of BCS.

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Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis Arising from Lingual Thyroid

AbstractAlthough lingual thyroid is the most common site for ectopic thyroid gland but carcinomas originating from lingual thyroid are extremely rare, accounting only for 1% of all ectopic thyroids. Here we represent a young female with a bleeding mass at the base of her tongue and review the diagnostic approach towards papillary thyroid carcinoma of lingual thyroid. The surgical treatment and follow up are discussed. A combination of radiological studies and histological evaluation should be deployed to investigate suspicious lingual thyroids. The perspective of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for carcinomas of lingual thyroid is the same as orthotopic thyroid tissue. (Source: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery)

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Computer Algorithms in Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome and Its Application in Estimating Prevalence of Sleep Related Disorders in Population

AbstractThe incorporation of telemedicine and artificial intelligence for early screening and assessment of severity of life-style disorders has a great potential for better assessment in a busy outpatient clinic and thereby curtail down the related morbidities. A computer based algorithm based upon standardized questionnaire (from established assessment tools) is designed to assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). In addition the incorporation of basic screening questions of anamnesis help in suggesting a probable diagnosis of sleep related disorder as well. The overall data at our center has been analyzed to establish the existing pattern of sleep related disorders. Of 850 healthy subjects screened, prevalence of snoring was 20.47% while OSAS was seen in 4.20% (N  ...

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Clinicopathological and Radiological Study of Thyroid Swelling

AbstractThyroid swelling is the most common swelling among the endocrine disorder. It can affect any age group. USG neck will help to diagnose the solid and cystic lesions. The treatment is surgical excision. FNAC is a good diagnostic tool to minimize the incidence of thyroidectomy. FNAC is cost effective, reliable and OPD procedure. Final diagnosis can only be made by HPE postoperatively. The aim of this study is to find out the relative occurrence of various pathological conditions presenting as midline thyroid swellings and clinicopathological and radiological examination of the thyroid swellings. A one and half year prospective study which was carried out from October 2016 to April 2018 in ENT department of MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala. Informed written consent was taken from all the patien...

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Prognostic Modeling for Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases Incorporating FDG PET Radiomic Features

Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019

Source: European Journal of Radiology

Author(s): Arman Rahmim, Kirstine P. Bak-Fredslund, Saeed Ashrafinia, Lijun Lu, C. Ross Schmidtlein, Rathan M. Subramaniam, Anni Morsing, Susanne Keiding, Jacob Horsager, Ole L. Munk

Abstract

Objective

We aimed to improve prediction of outcome for patients with colorectal liver metastases, via prognostic models incorporating PET-derived measures, including radiomic features that move beyond conventional standard uptake value (SUV) measures.

Patients and Methods

A range of parameters including volumetric and heterogeneity measures were derived from FDG PET images of 52 patients with colorectal intrahepatic-only metastases (29 males and 23 females; mean age 62.9 years [SD 9.8; range 32–82]). The patients underwent PET/CT imaging as part of the clinical workup prior to final decision on treatment. Univariate and multivariate models were implemented, which included statistical considerations (to discourage false discovery and overfitting), to predict overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and event-free survival (EFS). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed, where the subjects were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, from which the hazard ratios (HR) were computed via Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Commonly-invoked SUV metrics performed relatively poorly for different prediction tasks (SUVmax HR = 1.48, 0.83 and 1.16; SUVpeak HR = 2.05, 1.93, and 1.64, for OS, PFS and EFS, respectively). By contrast, the number of liver metastases and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) each performed well (with respective HR values of 2.71, 2.61 and 2.42, and 2.62, 1.96 and 2.29, for OS, PFS and EFS). Total lesion glycolysis (TLG) also resulted in similar performance as MTV. Multivariate prognostic modeling incorporating different features (including those quantifying intra-tumor heterogeneity) resulted in further enhanced prediction. Specifically, HR values of 4.29, 4.02 and 3.20 (p-values = 0.00004, 0.0019 and 0.0002) were obtained for OS, PFS and EFS, respectively.

Conclusions

PET-derived measures beyond commonly invoked SUV parameters hold significant potential towards improved prediction of clinical outcome in patients with liver metastases, especially when utilizing multivariate models.

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Combination of breast imaging parameters obtained from 18F-FDG PET and CT scan can improve the prediction of breast-conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in luminal/HER2-negative breast cancer

Publication date: Available online 7 February 2019

Source: European Journal of Radiology

Author(s): Mathieu Grapin, Charles Coutant, Jean-Marc Riedinger, Sylvain Ladoire, François Brunotte, Alexandre Cochet, Olivier Humbert

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

The luminal/Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) negative subtype of breast cancer has low chemo-sensitivity. When neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is indicated in this subtype, before a possible breast-conserving surgery (BCS), it is more reasonable to target tumor shrinkage than complete pathological tumor response. We aimed to identify breast and tumor ¹⁸Fluoro-deoxy-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET-CT scan imaging features for the early prediction of BCS after NAC in luminal/HER2 negative subtypes of breast cancer.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Seventy-seven consecutive women with luminal/HER2-negative breast cancer for whom BCS was initially not feasible and NAC was prescribed, to decrease tumor size before surgery, were included retrospectively. An ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT scan exam was performed before and after the first course of NAC.

RESULTS

After NAC, 36% (28/77) of women had a mastectomy and 64% (49/77) underwent BCS. Patients with a mastectomy had lower total breast volume (BV_total) (p = 0.002), lower decrease in Δmetabolic tumor volume (ΔMTV) (p = 0.03) and lower SUV_max2 (p = 0.05). Using ROC Curve analyses to define the optimal predictive threshold of BV_total (496 cm³) and ΔMTV (-17.1%), 3 subgroups of women with different odds of BCS after treatment were identified (p = 0.001): low, medium and high probability groups (respectively 29%, 62% and 82%).

CONCLUSIONS

For patients with Luminal/HER2 negative breast cancer, the combination of the imaging features of the tumor and the mammary gland, obtained with ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT at baseline and after the first cycle of NAC, may allow the physician to evaluate the probability of BCS.

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Funtabulously Frivolous Friday Five 270

It's Friday. Boggle your brain with FFFF challenge and some old fashioned trivia. Funtabulously Frivolous Friday Five 270 The post Funtabulously Frivolous Friday Five 270 appeared first on Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL • Medical Blog. (Source: Life in the Fast Lane)

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Endocytosis of CF in marginal cells of stria vascularis regulated by ROCK and MLCK signaling cascade, but not G-proteins

Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019

Source: Auris Nasus Larynx

Author(s): Akinobu Kakigi, Teruhiko Okada, Taizo Takeda, Natsumi Uehara, Ken-ichi Nibu

Abstract

Objective The endocytosis of cationized feritin (CF) via a clathrin-mediated pathway is regulated by a signaling network. Marginal cells showed the active endocytosis of CF via a clathrin-mediated pathway. The internalization of receptors through this clathrin-mediated pathway is an important regulatory event in signal transduction. Numerous kinases are involved in endocytosis, and each endocytic route is subjected to high-order regulation by cellular signaling mechanisms. In this study, we investigated whether ROCK and MLCK signaling cascades and G-proteins regulate the endocytosis of CF in marginal cells of the stria vascularis.

Methods CF was infused into the cochlear duct with pertussis toxin (PTX),Clostridium botulinum C3 toxin (BTX), guanosine(g-thio)-triphosphate (GTP-γS), ML-7, Y-27632. Endocytic activity was measured at 30 min after the start of infusion under an electron microscope.

Results In marginal cells, CF was internalized via a clathrin-mediated pathway that depends on F-actin and microtubules (MT). Its processes were controlled by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), but not affected by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) or the RhoA signaling cascade.

Conclusion Our previous study showed that the main endocytotic pathway of microperoxidase (MPO) did not depend on the Rho/ROCK molecular switch or actin/myosin motor system, but was mainly regulated by the RhoA signaling cascade. The present study results indicate that these signaling cascades regulating CF internalization completely differ from the cascades for MPO internalization.

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Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder with multiple pulmonary nodules and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy

Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019

Source: Auris Nasus Larynx

Author(s): Seiichiro Makihara, Shin Kariya, Mai Noujima-Harada, Nobuya Ohara, Tomoyuki Naito, Junya Matsumoto, Yohei Noda, Mitsuhiro Okano, Tadashi Yoshino, Kazunori Nishizaki

Abstract

As has been well recognized, methotrexate (MTX) leads to a state of immunosuppression and can provide a basis for the development of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). MTX-associated LPDs can affect nodal sites as well as extranodal sites, though the manifestation of an LPD in the form of multiple pulmonary nodules is rare. Here, we report two cases of MTX-associated LPD with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules, which was a finding suggestive of lung cancer, and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. After withdrawal of MTX, the multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy disappeared without chemotherapy in both cases. From these results, patients with pulmonary nodules and cervical lymphadenopathy should be examined for head and neck malignant tumors. Also, physicians should carefully check the administration of MTX. In patients with an MTX-associated LPD, we need to make an early diagnosis and consider discontinuing the administration of MTX as soon as possible.

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Funtabulously Frivolous Friday Five 270

It's Friday. Boggle your brain with FFFF challenge and some old fashioned trivia. Funtabulously Frivolous Friday Five 270 The post Funtabulously Frivolous Friday Five 270 appeared first on Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL • Medical Blog. (Source: Life in the Fast Lane)

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Endocytosis of CF in marginal cells of stria vascularis regulated by ROCK and MLCK signaling cascade, but not G-proteins

Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019

Source: Auris Nasus Larynx

Author(s): Akinobu Kakigi, Teruhiko Okada, Taizo Takeda, Natsumi Uehara, Ken-ichi Nibu

Abstract

Objective The endocytosis of cationized feritin (CF) via a clathrin-mediated pathway is regulated by a signaling network. Marginal cells showed the active endocytosis of CF via a clathrin-mediated pathway. The internalization of receptors through this clathrin-mediated pathway is an important regulatory event in signal transduction. Numerous kinases are involved in endocytosis, and each endocytic route is subjected to high-order regulation by cellular signaling mechanisms. In this study, we investigated whether ROCK and MLCK signaling cascades and G-proteins regulate the endocytosis of CF in marginal cells of the stria vascularis.

Methods CF was infused into the cochlear duct with pertussis toxin (PTX),Clostridium botulinum C3 toxin (BTX), guanosine(g-thio)-triphosphate (GTP-γS), ML-7, Y-27632. Endocytic activity was measured at 30 min after the start of infusion under an electron microscope.

Results In marginal cells, CF was internalized via a clathrin-mediated pathway that depends on F-actin and microtubules (MT). Its processes were controlled by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), but not affected by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) or the RhoA signaling cascade.

Conclusion Our previous study showed that the main endocytotic pathway of microperoxidase (MPO) did not depend on the Rho/ROCK molecular switch or actin/myosin motor system, but was mainly regulated by the RhoA signaling cascade. The present study results indicate that these signaling cascades regulating CF internalization completely differ from the cascades for MPO internalization.

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Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder with multiple pulmonary nodules and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy

Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019

Source: Auris Nasus Larynx

Author(s): Seiichiro Makihara, Shin Kariya, Mai Noujima-Harada, Nobuya Ohara, Tomoyuki Naito, Junya Matsumoto, Yohei Noda, Mitsuhiro Okano, Tadashi Yoshino, Kazunori Nishizaki

Abstract

As has been well recognized, methotrexate (MTX) leads to a state of immunosuppression and can provide a basis for the development of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). MTX-associated LPDs can affect nodal sites as well as extranodal sites, though the manifestation of an LPD in the form of multiple pulmonary nodules is rare. Here, we report two cases of MTX-associated LPD with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules, which was a finding suggestive of lung cancer, and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. After withdrawal of MTX, the multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy disappeared without chemotherapy in both cases. From these results, patients with pulmonary nodules and cervical lymphadenopathy should be examined for head and neck malignant tumors. Also, physicians should carefully check the administration of MTX. In patients with an MTX-associated LPD, we need to make an early diagnosis and consider discontinuing the administration of MTX as soon as possible.

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Dermatology Advocacy Groups May Not Disclose Conflicts Dermatology Advocacy Groups May Not Disclose Conflicts

Many patient advocacy groups focused on skin conditions receive funding from companies that sell dermatology treatments, and a new study suggests these nonprofits don't always disclose their ties to industry.Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines)

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Dermatology Advocacy Groups May Not Disclose Conflicts Dermatology Advocacy Groups May Not Disclose Conflicts

Many patient advocacy groups focused on skin conditions receive funding from companies that sell dermatology treatments, and a new study suggests these nonprofits don't always disclose their ties to industry.Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines)

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A bibliometric analysis of the most cited articles about squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth, lips and oropharynx

Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Y. Hassona, T. Qutachi

Abstract

Objectives

to identify the top cited articles about squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth, lips, and oropharynx.

Method

Web of Science database was searched for the 100 most-cited articles using the algorithm "Oral cancer" OR "Mouth cancer" OR "Oral squamous cell carcinoma" OR "oropharyngeal carcinoma" OR "oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma" OR "lip cancer" OR "lip squamous cell carcinoma". The search was conducted independently by two researchers, and the characteristics of the most cited articles were analyzed.

Results

the most-cited articles received a combined total of 38215 citations. Citation rates ranged from 191 to 2062. The earliest article was published in 1984 and the latest in 2013, but most articles (n=69) were published in the period between 2000 to2010. Articles were published in 46 different journals, and were cited on average 33.2 times/year. Articles were originated from 19 different countries, but there was a predominance of articles from USA. Narrative reviews and experimental studies were the most common types among the 100 most-cited articles.

Conclusion

Etiology and risk factors were the most commonly represented topic in the list of the 100 most cited articles. Narrative reviews and experimental studies are the most common types of studies among the top cited articles.

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Plasmacytoid cells in salivary pleomorphic adenoma. An alternative interpretation of their immunohistochemical characteristics highlights function and capability for epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Publication date: Available online 7 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Ioannis G. Koutlas, Michelle Dolan, Mark W. Lingen, Prokopios P. Argyris

Abstract

Objectives

Plasmacytoid cells (PLCs) in salivary pleomorphic adenoma (SPA) are regarded as modified neoplastic myoepithelia and define plasmacytoid myoepithelioma (pMYO). However, histochemically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, PLCs fail to demonstrate frank myogenous properties. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may explain the phenotypes in SPA. Our aim was to evaluate 1) PLCs with accepted or purported myoepithelial and EMT-related markers; and 2) pMYOs for PLAG1 aberrations by FISH.

Study Design

Eight SPAs with or without PLC-predominance and 3 pMYOs were immunohistochemically studied.

Results

PLCs in SPA and pMYO exhibited strong, scattered to diffuse positivity for K7, rare K14 positivity and were mostly negative for α-SMA, h-caldesmon, and p63/p40. S100 staining was strong and diffuse, while calponin was variable. DOG1 was negative. PLCs in pMYO and PLC-rich-SPA exhibited selective or diffuse, WT-1 and D2-40 immunoreactivity. EMT markers SNAIL/SLUG exhibited strong and variable immunoreactivity in PLCs, in contrast to weak or absent e-cadherin expression. SOX10 was diffusely and strongly positive. PLAG1 rearrangement was present in 1 pMYO.

Conclusions

1) PLCs mostly fail to express myoepithelial markers; 2) PLCs are neoplastic cells adapting to micro-environmental changes and capable of EMT; 3) Tumors composed solely of PLCs are apparently SPAs depleted of a ductal component.

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Prescription of Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Geriatric Patients: Data from a Single Dental Institution

Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Arwa Farag, Jessaca York, Matthew Finkelman, Bhavik Desai

ABSTRACT

Objectives

The Beers Criteria and the Screening Tool of Older Persons' Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions(STOPP) are consensus-driven lists of potentially inappropriate medications(PIMs) in geriatric patients. The Primary objective was to determine the frequency of PIMs prescribed to geriatrics at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine(TUSDM). The secondary aim was to determine the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status of these patients and suggest that Beers/STOPP guidelines should be implied with consideration to the patient's ASA status.

Methods

Beers/STOPP criteria were studied and PIMs thus identified. A retrospective electronic chart review of patients at TUSDM aged 65+ was performed for calendar years 2013,2014 and 2015. Search queries were generated for ASA status, along with PIM's prescribed.

Results

Out of 15569 geriatrics, over half of patients between 65-74 years were classified as ASA-I. Over a 3-year-period, 895(5.75%) and 840(5.4%) received new prescriptions for opioids or NSAIDs, respectively. New prescriptions for muscle relaxants, benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants were given to 65(0.42%),44(0.28%) and 38(0.24%) patients, respectively.

Conclusion

PIMs are prescribed at low percentages to geriatric patients. However, prescription of opioids, benzodiazepines and NSAIDs across undergraduate/postgraduate clinics is not uncommon. The majority of TUSDM geriatric patients fall within the category of ASAI-II. ASA classification must be taken into consideration when PIMs are prescribed to geriatrics rather than relying solely on chronological age.

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A bibliometric analysis of the most cited articles about squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth, lips and oropharynx

Publication date: Available online 8 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Y. Hassona, T. Qutachi

Abstract

Objectives

to identify the top cited articles about squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth, lips, and oropharynx.

Method

Web of Science database was searched for the 100 most-cited articles using the algorithm "Oral cancer" OR "Mouth cancer" OR "Oral squamous cell carcinoma" OR "oropharyngeal carcinoma" OR "oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma" OR "lip cancer" OR "lip squamous cell carcinoma". The search was conducted independently by two researchers, and the characteristics of the most cited articles were analyzed.

Results

the most-cited articles received a combined total of 38215 citations. Citation rates ranged from 191 to 2062. The earliest article was published in 1984 and the latest in 2013, but most articles (n=69) were published in the period between 2000 to2010. Articles were published in 46 different journals, and were cited on average 33.2 times/year. Articles were originated from 19 different countries, but there was a predominance of articles from USA. Narrative reviews and experimental studies were the most common types among the 100 most-cited articles.

Conclusion

Etiology and risk factors were the most commonly represented topic in the list of the 100 most cited articles. Narrative reviews and experimental studies are the most common types of studies among the top cited articles.

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