Nasal soft tissue changes after two different approaches for surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion

The aim of the study was to evaluate the nasal soft tissue changes in patients who underwent surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) using two different surgical approaches. Thirty-two patients were included in the study, and divided into two groups according to the type of surgical approach: in group A (n=17), SARME performed with standard Le Fort I circumvestibular approach with alar base cinch and anterior nasal spine (ANS) exposure; and in group B (n=15) operations were performed with the same standard Le Fort I circumvestibular approach with only alar base cinch.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SMmEiI

Nasal soft tissue changes after two different approaches for surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion

The aim of the study was to evaluate the nasal soft tissue changes in patients who underwent surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) using two different surgical approaches. Thirty-two patients were included in the study, and divided into two groups according to the type of surgical approach: in group A (n=17), SARME performed with standard Le Fort I circumvestibular approach with alar base cinch and anterior nasal spine (ANS) exposure; and in group B (n=15) operations were performed with the same standard Le Fort I circumvestibular approach with only alar base cinch.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SMmEiI

Broad Immunglobulin G Repertoire in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps regulates pro-inflammatory IgE responses

Capsule Summary

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MYNfUq

Mouse Allergen Levels in Schools in Two Inner City Asthma Studies: Past versus Present

Higher mouse allergen levels in classrooms have been associated with increased asthma symptoms in students. This was demonstrated in a 5-year observational asthma school study. Two years after the conclusion of the study, a second asthma school study was launched in the same geographic area. We hypothesized that mouse allergen levels may have reduced between the 2 studies due to schools' self-motivation and improved pest reduction strategies.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SM7iuE

Broad Immunglobulin G Repertoire in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps regulates pro-inflammatory IgE responses

Capsule Summary

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MYNfUq

Mouse Allergen Levels in Schools in Two Inner City Asthma Studies: Past versus Present

Higher mouse allergen levels in classrooms have been associated with increased asthma symptoms in students. This was demonstrated in a 5-year observational asthma school study. Two years after the conclusion of the study, a second asthma school study was launched in the same geographic area. We hypothesized that mouse allergen levels may have reduced between the 2 studies due to schools' self-motivation and improved pest reduction strategies.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SM7iuE

Feasibility of transnasal flexible carbon dioxide laser surgery for laryngopharyngeal lesions

The fiber-guided carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is a useful device for laryngopharyngeal surgery. The flexible CO2 wave-guide laser has been developed and commercially available for several years. However, the transnasal use of CO2 flexible wave-guided laser surgery through the instrument channel of a flexible endoscope (CO2 TNFLS) is not permitted in Japan. This feasibility study aimed to assess the value and the safety of an in-office CO2 TNFLS procedure.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TIH7lN

Sialendoscopy plus laser lithotripsy in sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland in 64 patients: A simple and safe procedure

To demonstrate the safety and efficiency of holmium laser-assisted lithotripsy during sialendoscopy of the submandibular gland using a retrospective, interventional consecutive case series.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Bw1tHY

Feasibility of transnasal flexible carbon dioxide laser surgery for laryngopharyngeal lesions

The fiber-guided carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is a useful device for laryngopharyngeal surgery. The flexible CO2 wave-guide laser has been developed and commercially available for several years. However, the transnasal use of CO2 flexible wave-guided laser surgery through the instrument channel of a flexible endoscope (CO2 TNFLS) is not permitted in Japan. This feasibility study aimed to assess the value and the safety of an in-office CO2 TNFLS procedure.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TIH7lN

Sialendoscopy plus laser lithotripsy in sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland in 64 patients: A simple and safe procedure

To demonstrate the safety and efficiency of holmium laser-assisted lithotripsy during sialendoscopy of the submandibular gland using a retrospective, interventional consecutive case series.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Bw1tHY

Optimising Radiation Therapy Dose to the Swallowing Organs at Risk: An In Silico Study of feasibility for Patients with Oropharyngeal Tumours

This study found reducing dose to the SWOARs is a feasible practice for patients with oropharyngeal cancer. However, future prospective research is needed to determine if the extent of dose reduction achieved equates to clinical benefits. (Source: Dysphagia)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SoHwxf

Optimising Radiation Therapy Dose to the Swallowing Organs at Risk: An In Silico Study of feasibility for Patients with Oropharyngeal Tumours

This study found reducing dose to the SWOARs is a feasible practice for patients with oropharyngeal cancer. However, future prospective research is needed to determine if the extent of dose reduction achieved equates to clinical benefits. (Source: Dysphagia)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SoHwxf

Comparative Study of Nipple–Areola Complex Position and Patient Satisfaction After Unilateral Mastectomy and Immediate Expander–Implant Reconstruction Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy Versus Skin-Sparing Mastectomy

Abstract

Background

Major surgical concerns associated with nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) are partial or total nipple–areola complex (NAC) loss, decreased sensation, and nipple malposition. Patient satisfaction and NAC outcomes including malposition in patients who have undergone unilateral expander–implant reconstruction after NSM as compared with skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess patient satisfaction and NAC outcomes of breast cancer patients who underwent spared or reconstructed NAC after unilateral NSM as compared with unilateral SSM.

Methods

Patients who underwent immediate expander–implant breast reconstruction following unilateral NSM or SSM were included. Medical records of patients from April 2010 to February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Reconstruction-related complications such as infection, seroma, haematoma, delayed wound healing, and reconstruction failure were recorded. NAC outcome analysis was performed using preoperative and postoperative digital photographs for each patient. Patient satisfaction with the reconstructed breast and NAC was assessed using a study-specific questionnaire.

Results

Delayed wound healing occurred in 18 of 55 NSM patients and 15 of 85 SSM patients (p = 0.040). Final reconstruction failure occurred in 0 NSM patients and 6 SSM patients (p = 0.043). The mean photography analysis score of total aesthetic outcome was 13.12 ± 2.39 in the NSM group and 14.06 ± 2.75 in the SSM group (p = 0.052). The mean questionnaire score of NAC position was 2.88 ± 0.85 in the NSM group and 3.80 ± 0.84 in the SSM group (p = 0.001). The mean questionnaire score of NAC sensitivity was 2.12 ± 0.58 in the NSM group and 1.84 ± 0.46 in the SSM group (p = 0.003). Satisfaction with the reconstructed breast was similar (p = 0.913) after NSM and SSM.

Conclusions

We observed no significant difference in breast reconstruction satisfaction between the NSM and SSM groups. Although overall satisfaction with breast reconstruction is high, patients in the NSM group often report dissatisfaction with nipple position. With a favourable score for NAC position, skin-sparing mastectomy followed by NAC reconstruction can be considered as a balanced alternative to NSM for properly selected patients with breast cancer.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tfMVHX

Comparative Study of Nipple–Areola Complex Position and Patient Satisfaction After Unilateral Mastectomy and Immediate Expander–Implant Reconstruction Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy Versus Skin-Sparing Mastectomy

Abstract

Background

Major surgical concerns associated with nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) are partial or total nipple–areola complex (NAC) loss, decreased sensation, and nipple malposition. Patient satisfaction and NAC outcomes including malposition in patients who have undergone unilateral expander–implant reconstruction after NSM as compared with skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess patient satisfaction and NAC outcomes of breast cancer patients who underwent spared or reconstructed NAC after unilateral NSM as compared with unilateral SSM.

Methods

Patients who underwent immediate expander–implant breast reconstruction following unilateral NSM or SSM were included. Medical records of patients from April 2010 to February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Reconstruction-related complications such as infection, seroma, haematoma, delayed wound healing, and reconstruction failure were recorded. NAC outcome analysis was performed using preoperative and postoperative digital photographs for each patient. Patient satisfaction with the reconstructed breast and NAC was assessed using a study-specific questionnaire.

Results

Delayed wound healing occurred in 18 of 55 NSM patients and 15 of 85 SSM patients (p = 0.040). Final reconstruction failure occurred in 0 NSM patients and 6 SSM patients (p = 0.043). The mean photography analysis score of total aesthetic outcome was 13.12 ± 2.39 in the NSM group and 14.06 ± 2.75 in the SSM group (p = 0.052). The mean questionnaire score of NAC position was 2.88 ± 0.85 in the NSM group and 3.80 ± 0.84 in the SSM group (p = 0.001). The mean questionnaire score of NAC sensitivity was 2.12 ± 0.58 in the NSM group and 1.84 ± 0.46 in the SSM group (p = 0.003). Satisfaction with the reconstructed breast was similar (p = 0.913) after NSM and SSM.

Conclusions

We observed no significant difference in breast reconstruction satisfaction between the NSM and SSM groups. Although overall satisfaction with breast reconstruction is high, patients in the NSM group often report dissatisfaction with nipple position. With a favourable score for NAC position, skin-sparing mastectomy followed by NAC reconstruction can be considered as a balanced alternative to NSM for properly selected patients with breast cancer.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tfMVHX

Orofacial myofunctional evaluation in cleft lip and palate: an integrative literature review

Conclusion: speech was the prevalent theme, while other orofacial functions were poorly investigated, demonstrating that studies with other approaches were lacking.RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o enfoque das publica ções científicas na área de motricidade orofacial em indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina, bem como os protocolos validados utilizados na avaliação fonoaudiológica. Métodos: estudo realizado a partir das bases de dados: Medline, Scielo, Lilacs e ferramenta Google Acadêmico, por meio dos d escritores: fissura palatina + fenda labial + avaliação + fonoaudiologia + sistema estomatognático + fala + mastigação + respiração + estudos de validação, em português e inglês. Resultados: foram selecionados 572 artigos, no período de 2012 e 2017, que abordassem a avalia...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SqHGEj

Relationship between dizziness and learning difficulties in schoolchildren: an integrative review

Conclusion: the results of this integrative review showed a low level of scientific evidence on the relationship between dizziness and academic achievement in childhood. It is important to emphasize the importance of improving study design to better understand their relationship, to allow provision of the best preventive, assessment, and intervention methods.RESUMO Objetivo: verificar o n ível de evidência científica da relação entre a tontura e a aprendizagem em crianças. Métodos: a pesquisa foi realizada a partir dos seguintes descritores: " dizziness " , " vertigo " , " child " , " learning " , " spelling " , " learning skills " , " academic skills " , " reading " e seus correspondentes em l íngua portuguesa entre as bases de dados: PubMed, Scielo...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Dwnqa8

Optimising Radiation Therapy Dose to the Swallowing Organs at Risk: An In Silico Study of feasibility for Patients with Oropharyngeal Tumours

This study found reducing dose to the SWOARs is a feasible practice for patients with oropharyngeal cancer. However, future prospective research is needed to determine if the extent of dose reduction achieved equates to clinical benefits. (Source: Dysphagia)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SoHwxf

The Lombard effect associated with Chinese male alaryngeal speech

. (Source: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2DuHoSI

Enhanced milieu teaching for children with autism spectrum disorder in South Africa

. (Source: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Su6Wtt

Orofacial myofunctional evaluation in cleft lip and palate: an integrative literature review

Conclusion: speech was the prevalent theme, while other orofacial functions were poorly investigated, demonstrating that studies with other approaches were lacking.RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o enfoque das publica ções científicas na área de motricidade orofacial em indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina, bem como os protocolos validados utilizados na avaliação fonoaudiológica. Métodos: estudo realizado a partir das bases de dados: Medline, Scielo, Lilacs e ferramenta Google Acadêmico, por meio dos d escritores: fissura palatina + fenda labial + avaliação + fonoaudiologia + sistema estomatognático + fala + mastigação + respiração + estudos de validação, em português e inglês. Resultados: foram selecionados 572 artigos, no período de 2012 e 2017, que abordassem a avalia...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SqHGEj

Relationship between dizziness and learning difficulties in schoolchildren: an integrative review

Conclusion: the results of this integrative review showed a low level of scientific evidence on the relationship between dizziness and academic achievement in childhood. It is important to emphasize the importance of improving study design to better understand their relationship, to allow provision of the best preventive, assessment, and intervention methods.RESUMO Objetivo: verificar o n ível de evidência científica da relação entre a tontura e a aprendizagem em crianças. Métodos: a pesquisa foi realizada a partir dos seguintes descritores: " dizziness " , " vertigo " , " child " , " learning " , " spelling " , " learning skills " , " academic skills " , " reading " e seus correspondentes em l íngua portuguesa entre as bases de dados: PubMed, Scielo...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Dwnqa8

Optimising Radiation Therapy Dose to the Swallowing Organs at Risk: An In Silico Study of feasibility for Patients with Oropharyngeal Tumours

This study found reducing dose to the SWOARs is a feasible practice for patients with oropharyngeal cancer. However, future prospective research is needed to determine if the extent of dose reduction achieved equates to clinical benefits. (Source: Dysphagia)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SoHwxf

The Lombard effect associated with Chinese male alaryngeal speech

. (Source: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2DuHoSI

Enhanced milieu teaching for children with autism spectrum disorder in South Africa

. (Source: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Su6Wtt

Comparative Study of Nipple–Areola Complex Position and Patient Satisfaction After Unilateral Mastectomy and Immediate Expander–Implant Reconstruction Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy Versus Skin-Sparing Mastectomy

Abstract

Background

Major surgical concerns associated with nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) are partial or total nipple–areola complex (NAC) loss, decreased sensation, and nipple malposition. Patient satisfaction and NAC outcomes including malposition in patients who have undergone unilateral expander–implant reconstruction after NSM as compared with skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess patient satisfaction and NAC outcomes of breast cancer patients who underwent spared or reconstructed NAC after unilateral NSM as compared with unilateral SSM.

Methods

Patients who underwent immediate expander–implant breast reconstruction following unilateral NSM or SSM were included. Medical records of patients from April 2010 to February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Reconstruction-related complications such as infection, seroma, haematoma, delayed wound healing, and reconstruction failure were recorded. NAC outcome analysis was performed using preoperative and postoperative digital photographs for each patient. Patient satisfaction with the reconstructed breast and NAC was assessed using a study-specific questionnaire.

Results

Delayed wound healing occurred in 18 of 55 NSM patients and 15 of 85 SSM patients (p = 0.040). Final reconstruction failure occurred in 0 NSM patients and 6 SSM patients (p = 0.043). The mean photography analysis score of total aesthetic outcome was 13.12 ± 2.39 in the NSM group and 14.06 ± 2.75 in the SSM group (p = 0.052). The mean questionnaire score of NAC position was 2.88 ± 0.85 in the NSM group and 3.80 ± 0.84 in the SSM group (p = 0.001). The mean questionnaire score of NAC sensitivity was 2.12 ± 0.58 in the NSM group and 1.84 ± 0.46 in the SSM group (p = 0.003). Satisfaction with the reconstructed breast was similar (p = 0.913) after NSM and SSM.

Conclusions

We observed no significant difference in breast reconstruction satisfaction between the NSM and SSM groups. Although overall satisfaction with breast reconstruction is high, patients in the NSM group often report dissatisfaction with nipple position. With a favourable score for NAC position, skin-sparing mastectomy followed by NAC reconstruction can be considered as a balanced alternative to NSM for properly selected patients with breast cancer.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tfMVHX

Comparative Study of Nipple–Areola Complex Position and Patient Satisfaction After Unilateral Mastectomy and Immediate Expander–Implant Reconstruction Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy Versus Skin-Sparing Mastectomy

Abstract

Background

Major surgical concerns associated with nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) are partial or total nipple–areola complex (NAC) loss, decreased sensation, and nipple malposition. Patient satisfaction and NAC outcomes including malposition in patients who have undergone unilateral expander–implant reconstruction after NSM as compared with skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess patient satisfaction and NAC outcomes of breast cancer patients who underwent spared or reconstructed NAC after unilateral NSM as compared with unilateral SSM.

Methods

Patients who underwent immediate expander–implant breast reconstruction following unilateral NSM or SSM were included. Medical records of patients from April 2010 to February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Reconstruction-related complications such as infection, seroma, haematoma, delayed wound healing, and reconstruction failure were recorded. NAC outcome analysis was performed using preoperative and postoperative digital photographs for each patient. Patient satisfaction with the reconstructed breast and NAC was assessed using a study-specific questionnaire.

Results

Delayed wound healing occurred in 18 of 55 NSM patients and 15 of 85 SSM patients (p = 0.040). Final reconstruction failure occurred in 0 NSM patients and 6 SSM patients (p = 0.043). The mean photography analysis score of total aesthetic outcome was 13.12 ± 2.39 in the NSM group and 14.06 ± 2.75 in the SSM group (p = 0.052). The mean questionnaire score of NAC position was 2.88 ± 0.85 in the NSM group and 3.80 ± 0.84 in the SSM group (p = 0.001). The mean questionnaire score of NAC sensitivity was 2.12 ± 0.58 in the NSM group and 1.84 ± 0.46 in the SSM group (p = 0.003). Satisfaction with the reconstructed breast was similar (p = 0.913) after NSM and SSM.

Conclusions

We observed no significant difference in breast reconstruction satisfaction between the NSM and SSM groups. Although overall satisfaction with breast reconstruction is high, patients in the NSM group often report dissatisfaction with nipple position. With a favourable score for NAC position, skin-sparing mastectomy followed by NAC reconstruction can be considered as a balanced alternative to NSM for properly selected patients with breast cancer.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tfMVHX

Knowledge and experience of Family Health Team professionals in providing healthcare for deaf people

Conclusion: the relational dimension is fundamental in developing individual therapy plans. From this perspective, the communication barriers that deaf people face can compromise the necessary bonding for healthcare, which may adversely affect early diagnosis, timely treatment, and adherence to required treatment.RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a comunica ção na perspectiva dos profissionais de Equipes de Saúde da Família para atendimento a pessoas surdas. Métodos: trata-se estudo transversal que abarcou todas as 39 equipes de Unidades de Saúde da Família da zona urbana e rural. Realizou-se um censo e aplicou-se questionários aos profissiona is das Unidades de Saúde da Família (31 médicos, 30 enfermeiros e 27 cirurgiões-dentistas) e quatro farmacêuticos do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde ...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GmpmpE

Unilateral hearing loss and the use of hearing aid: speech recognition, benefit, self-perception of functional performance and satisfaction

Conclusion: although showing benefits in speech recognition, in silence and in noise, and satisfaction with sound amplification, most subjects with unilateral hearing loss do not effectively use hearing aids.RESUMO Objetivo: investigar o reconhecimento de fala no sil êncio e no ruído de sujeitos com perda auditiva unilateral, sem e com prótese auditiva, e analisar o benefício, autopercepção do desempenho funcional, satisfação e o uso de prótese auditiva nestes sujeitos. Métodos: foram avaliados 11 adultos, com perda auditiva unilateral, do tipo mista ou neurossensorial, de graus leve a severo. O reconhecimento de fala foi avaliado por meio do teste Listas de Sentenças em Português Brasileiro; o desempenho funcional da audição foi avaliado por meio do questionário Speech Spat...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2I5PgQ3

Cochlear implantation via middle fossa approach – a case report

. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Gj0Fud

Knowledge and experience of Family Health Team professionals in providing healthcare for deaf people

Conclusion: the relational dimension is fundamental in developing individual therapy plans. From this perspective, the communication barriers that deaf people face can compromise the necessary bonding for healthcare, which may adversely affect early diagnosis, timely treatment, and adherence to required treatment.RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a comunica ção na perspectiva dos profissionais de Equipes de Saúde da Família para atendimento a pessoas surdas. Métodos: trata-se estudo transversal que abarcou todas as 39 equipes de Unidades de Saúde da Família da zona urbana e rural. Realizou-se um censo e aplicou-se questionários aos profissiona is das Unidades de Saúde da Família (31 médicos, 30 enfermeiros e 27 cirurgiões-dentistas) e quatro farmacêuticos do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde ...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GmpmpE

Unilateral hearing loss and the use of hearing aid: speech recognition, benefit, self-perception of functional performance and satisfaction

Conclusion: although showing benefits in speech recognition, in silence and in noise, and satisfaction with sound amplification, most subjects with unilateral hearing loss do not effectively use hearing aids.RESUMO Objetivo: investigar o reconhecimento de fala no sil êncio e no ruído de sujeitos com perda auditiva unilateral, sem e com prótese auditiva, e analisar o benefício, autopercepção do desempenho funcional, satisfação e o uso de prótese auditiva nestes sujeitos. Métodos: foram avaliados 11 adultos, com perda auditiva unilateral, do tipo mista ou neurossensorial, de graus leve a severo. O reconhecimento de fala foi avaliado por meio do teste Listas de Sentenças em Português Brasileiro; o desempenho funcional da audição foi avaliado por meio do questionário Speech Spat...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2I5PgQ3

Cochlear implantation via middle fossa approach – a case report

. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Gj0Fud

Merck’s Keytruda looks to zoom past Opdivo with fast head and neck cancer review

Source: Fierce Pharma Date: February 11, 2019 Author: Carly Helfand Merck & Co.'s Keytruda is duking it out with Bristol-Myers Squibb's […]

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2IgPtjc

Merck’s Keytruda looks to zoom past Opdivo with fast head and neck cancer review

Source: Fierce Pharma Date: February 11, 2019 Author: Carly Helfand Merck & Co.'s Keytruda is duking it out with Bristol-Myers Squibb's […]

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2IgPtjc

Exposure to indoor endocrine disrupting chemicals and childhood asthma and obesity

Abstract

Background

Indoor air contaminants may act as endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, to what extent these contaminants affect health is poorly known. We aimed to assess the association between EDCs exposure and asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity in schoolchildren.

Methods

Data from a cross‐sectional analysis of 815 participants from 20 schools in Porto, Portugal, were analysed. Symptoms were assessed, asthma was defined on lung function, and airway reversibility and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. The concentrations of 13 volatile organic compounds and 2 aldehydes identified as EDCs were measured in 71 classrooms throughout one week. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the effect of co‐exposure. Associations were estimated by regression coefficients using linear and logistic regression models.

Results

Increased individual and combined EDCs levels were found in classrooms having more children with asthma and obesity. Higher levels of hexane, styrene, cyclohexanone, butylated hydroxytoluene and 2‐butoxyethanol were associated with obesity, and higher levels of cyclohexanone were associated with increased child BMI. Toluene, o‐xylene, m/p‐xylene and ethylbenzene were significantly associated with nasal obstruction. A positive association was found between PC1 and the risk of obese asthma (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.01, 1.98) and between PC2 and overweight (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.28, 1.79). PC1 and PC2 were also associated with nasal obstruction, and PC2 was associated with breathing difficulties and lean body mass, although EDCs concentrations were low.

Conclusions

Our findings further support the role of EDCs in asthma and obesity development. Moreover, even low levels of indoor exposure may influence the risk of asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Idiopathic non‐histaminergic angioedema: a single‐centre real‐life experience from Italy

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2IgPFyW

Effect of Tarcolimus on Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tfsCdE

Untreated allergic rhinitis is a major risk factor contributing to motorcar accidents

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2IgPCmK

Effect of Sex on Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Airways of Mild and Severe Asthmatics

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tfsBX8

Merck’s Keytruda looks to zoom past Opdivo with fast head and neck cancer review

Source: Fierce Pharma Date: February 11, 2019 Author: Carly Helfand Merck & Co.'s Keytruda is duking it out with Bristol-Myers Squibb's […]

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2IgPtjc

Exposure to indoor endocrine disrupting chemicals and childhood asthma and obesity

Abstract

Background

Indoor air contaminants may act as endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, to what extent these contaminants affect health is poorly known. We aimed to assess the association between EDCs exposure and asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity in schoolchildren.

Methods

Data from a cross‐sectional analysis of 815 participants from 20 schools in Porto, Portugal, were analysed. Symptoms were assessed, asthma was defined on lung function, and airway reversibility and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. The concentrations of 13 volatile organic compounds and 2 aldehydes identified as EDCs were measured in 71 classrooms throughout one week. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the effect of co‐exposure. Associations were estimated by regression coefficients using linear and logistic regression models.

Results

Increased individual and combined EDCs levels were found in classrooms having more children with asthma and obesity. Higher levels of hexane, styrene, cyclohexanone, butylated hydroxytoluene and 2‐butoxyethanol were associated with obesity, and higher levels of cyclohexanone were associated with increased child BMI. Toluene, o‐xylene, m/p‐xylene and ethylbenzene were significantly associated with nasal obstruction. A positive association was found between PC1 and the risk of obese asthma (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.01, 1.98) and between PC2 and overweight (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.28, 1.79). PC1 and PC2 were also associated with nasal obstruction, and PC2 was associated with breathing difficulties and lean body mass, although EDCs concentrations were low.

Conclusions

Our findings further support the role of EDCs in asthma and obesity development. Moreover, even low levels of indoor exposure may influence the risk of asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Idiopathic non‐histaminergic angioedema: a single‐centre real‐life experience from Italy

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Effect of Tarcolimus on Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis

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Untreated allergic rhinitis is a major risk factor contributing to motorcar accidents

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Effect of Sex on Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Airways of Mild and Severe Asthmatics

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Merck’s Keytruda looks to zoom past Opdivo with fast head and neck cancer review

Source: Fierce Pharma Date: February 11, 2019 Author: Carly Helfand Merck & Co.'s Keytruda is duking it out with Bristol-Myers Squibb's […]

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Prospective Study to Identify Food-Specific and Component IgE Threshold Levels That Predict Food Allergy in Patients With Elevated Total Serum IgE Levels and Atopic Dermatitis

Conditions:   Milk Allergy;   Peanut Allergy Interventions:   Other: Peanut flour and Oat flour (placebo for peanut flour);   Other: Dry Milk Powder and Corn Starch (placebo for Milk powder);   Other: Baked milk and Rice milk (placebo for Baked milk) Sponsors:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Combination Therapy With VRC-HIVMAB060-00-AB (VRC01) and 10-1074 in HIV-Infected Individuals Undergoing Sequential Treatment Interruptions

Condition:   HIV Interventions:   Biological: VRC-HIVMAB060-00-AB (VRC01);   Biological: 10-1074;   Biological: Normal Saline Placebo Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Healthy Meals: A Restaurant-based Study to Promote Healthy and Allergy Adapted Diet

Conditions:   Intervention;   Food Allergy;   Food Preferences;   Food Intolerance;   Diet Habit;   Diet Modification Intervention:   Behavioral: Multicomponent intervention Sponsors:   University Rovira i Virgili;   Diputació de Tarragona Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Pediatric Pulmonary Invasive Mold Infections

Conditions:   Pulmonary Invasive Mold Infections;   Pulmonary Invasive Aspergillosis Intervention:   Diagnostic Test: Non-Invasive Testing for PIMI Sponsors:   Duke University;   Children's Hospital of Philadelphia;   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Safety Study of Hepatitis E Vaccine (HEV239) in Healthy US Adult Population

Conditions:   Hepatitis E;   Immunisation Interventions:   Biological: HEV 239;   Other: Placebo Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Allergy UK Research and Development Nurse Project

Condition:   Allergy Intervention:   Other: Nurse Led Allergy Clinic Sponsors:   University of Edinburgh;   Allergy UK Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Retrospective Chart Review of Candida Fungemia

Condition:   Candida Intervention:   Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Active, not recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Prospective Study to Identify Food-Specific and Component IgE Threshold Levels That Predict Food Allergy in Patients With Elevated Total Serum IgE Levels and Atopic Dermatitis

Conditions:   Milk Allergy;   Peanut Allergy Interventions:   Other: Peanut flour and Oat flour (placebo for peanut flour);   Other: Dry Milk Powder and Corn Starch (placebo for Milk powder);   Other: Baked milk and Rice milk (placebo for Baked milk) Sponsors:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Combination Therapy With VRC-HIVMAB060-00-AB (VRC01) and 10-1074 in HIV-Infected Individuals Undergoing Sequential Treatment Interruptions

Condition:   HIV Interventions:   Biological: VRC-HIVMAB060-00-AB (VRC01);   Biological: 10-1074;   Biological: Normal Saline Placebo Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2StBifu

Healthy Meals: A Restaurant-based Study to Promote Healthy and Allergy Adapted Diet

Conditions:   Intervention;   Food Allergy;   Food Preferences;   Food Intolerance;   Diet Habit;   Diet Modification Intervention:   Behavioral: Multicomponent intervention Sponsors:   University Rovira i Virgili;   Diputació de Tarragona Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Pediatric Pulmonary Invasive Mold Infections

Conditions:   Pulmonary Invasive Mold Infections;   Pulmonary Invasive Aspergillosis Intervention:   Diagnostic Test: Non-Invasive Testing for PIMI Sponsors:   Duke University;   Children's Hospital of Philadelphia;   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Safety Study of Hepatitis E Vaccine (HEV239) in Healthy US Adult Population

Conditions:   Hepatitis E;   Immunisation Interventions:   Biological: HEV 239;   Other: Placebo Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Allergy UK Research and Development Nurse Project

Condition:   Allergy Intervention:   Other: Nurse Led Allergy Clinic Sponsors:   University of Edinburgh;   Allergy UK Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Retrospective Chart Review of Candida Fungemia

Condition:   Candida Intervention:   Sponsor:   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Active, not recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Parental asthma and risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: a population and family based case‐control study

Abstract

Background

Associations between parental asthma and prenatal exposure to asthma medications with offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been reported. However, the associations might be confounded by unmeasured (genetic and shared environmental) familial factors.

Objective

We investigated the association between (a) maternal/paternal asthma and offspring ASD, and (b) prenatal exposures to β2‐agonists, other asthma medications and offspring ASD using cases and controls selected from the population as well as biological relatives with different degrees of relatedness.

Methods

We included all children (N=1,579,263) born in Sweden 1992‐2007. A nested case‐control design was used to compare 22,894 ASD cases identified from the National Patient Register to (i) 228,940 age‐, county‐ and sex‐matched controls randomly selected from the population, (ii) their eligible full‐siblings (n=1,267), (iii) half‐siblings (n=1,323), (iv) full‐cousins (n=11,477), and (v) half‐cousins (n=3,337). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ASD in children differentially exposed to parental asthma or prenatal asthma medications.

Results

Maternal asthma was associated with increased risk of offspring ASD (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.38‐1.49); there was a weaker association for paternal asthma (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11‐1.23). The risk of offspring ASD in mothers with asthma showed similar estimates when adjusting for shared familial factors among paternal half‐siblings (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.80‐1.81), full‐cousins (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.16‐1.41), and half‐cousins (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.10‐1.54), albeit with wider confidence intervals. Prenatal exposure to asthma medications among subjects whose mothers had asthma was not associated with subsequent ASD.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

In this large observational study, parental asthma was associated with slightly elevated risk of ASD in offspring. More specifically, the increased risk by maternal asthma did not seem to be confounded by familial factors. There was no evidence of an association between asthma medications during pregnancy and offspring ASD.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Parental asthma and risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: a population and family based case‐control study

Abstract

Background

Associations between parental asthma and prenatal exposure to asthma medications with offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been reported. However, the associations might be confounded by unmeasured (genetic and shared environmental) familial factors.

Objective

We investigated the association between (a) maternal/paternal asthma and offspring ASD, and (b) prenatal exposures to β2‐agonists, other asthma medications and offspring ASD using cases and controls selected from the population as well as biological relatives with different degrees of relatedness.

Methods

We included all children (N=1,579,263) born in Sweden 1992‐2007. A nested case‐control design was used to compare 22,894 ASD cases identified from the National Patient Register to (i) 228,940 age‐, county‐ and sex‐matched controls randomly selected from the population, (ii) their eligible full‐siblings (n=1,267), (iii) half‐siblings (n=1,323), (iv) full‐cousins (n=11,477), and (v) half‐cousins (n=3,337). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ASD in children differentially exposed to parental asthma or prenatal asthma medications.

Results

Maternal asthma was associated with increased risk of offspring ASD (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.38‐1.49); there was a weaker association for paternal asthma (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11‐1.23). The risk of offspring ASD in mothers with asthma showed similar estimates when adjusting for shared familial factors among paternal half‐siblings (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.80‐1.81), full‐cousins (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.16‐1.41), and half‐cousins (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.10‐1.54), albeit with wider confidence intervals. Prenatal exposure to asthma medications among subjects whose mothers had asthma was not associated with subsequent ASD.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

In this large observational study, parental asthma was associated with slightly elevated risk of ASD in offspring. More specifically, the increased risk by maternal asthma did not seem to be confounded by familial factors. There was no evidence of an association between asthma medications during pregnancy and offspring ASD.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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The Tooth Crossing the Confinement of Mandible: An Unique Expression of Central Variety of Dentigerous Cyst

We report a case of a 28  years old male diagnosed with an impacted mandibular third molar associated with DC and its surgical management. (Source: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery)

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The Tooth Crossing the Confinement of Mandible: An Unique Expression of Central Variety of Dentigerous Cyst

We report a case of a 28  years old male diagnosed with an impacted mandibular third molar associated with DC and its surgical management. (Source: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery)

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Macropinosomes as Units of Signal Transduction

Date: Tuesday, 02 19, 2019; Speaker: Joel A. Swanson, Professor, University of Michigan, Microbiology& Immunology; 5625 Fishers Lane; 5th Floor (Source: NIH Calendar of Events)

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Macropinosomes as Units of Signal Transduction

Date: Tuesday, 02 19, 2019; Speaker: Joel A. Swanson, Professor, University of Michigan, Microbiology& Immunology; 5625 Fishers Lane; 5th Floor (Source: NIH Calendar of Events)

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Dissociating polysensitization and multimorbidity in children and adults from a Polish general population cohort

Links between multimorbidity of allergic diseases and allergen sensitization are still under debate, especially in adults. This study aimed to establish a relationship between polysensitization and allergic mu...

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Ethnobotanical knowledge among the semi-pastoral Gujjar tribe in the high altitude (Adhwari’s) of Churah subdivision, district Chamba, Western Himalaya

The wild plants not only form an integral part of the culture and traditions of the Himalayan tribal communities but also contribute largely to the sustenance of these communities. The tribal people use large ...

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Dissociating polysensitization and multimorbidity in children and adults from a Polish general population cohort

Links between multimorbidity of allergic diseases and allergen sensitization are still under debate, especially in adults. This study aimed to establish a relationship between polysensitization and allergic mu...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RQP1rL

Ethnobotanical knowledge among the semi-pastoral Gujjar tribe in the high altitude (Adhwari’s) of Churah subdivision, district Chamba, Western Himalaya

The wild plants not only form an integral part of the culture and traditions of the Himalayan tribal communities but also contribute largely to the sustenance of these communities. The tribal people use large ...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2URggEf

Prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in 6–7-year-old schoolchildren from Luanda, Angola

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): M. Arrais, O. Lulua, F. Quifica, J. Rosado-Pinto, J.M.R. Gama, L. Taborda-Barata

Abstract

Background

Epidemiological data have shown that the prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children is still increasing, namely in Africa. However, there are no epidemiological studies on asthma or allergic diseases in Angolan children.

Objective

To study the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases in Angolan children.

Methods

Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study, using the ISAAC study methodology, in the province of Luanda, Angola in 6–7-year-old children. Forty-six (8.3%) public schools were randomly selected. Data were analysed using the SPSS Statistics version 24.0 software.

Results

A total of 3080 children were studied. Results showed that the prevalence of asthma (wheezing in the previous 12 months) was 15.8%, that of rhinitis (sneezing, runny or blocked nose in the previous 12 months) was 19%, and that of eczema (itchy skin lesions in the previous 12 months) was 22%, without differences between sexes. Rhinitis was associated with a higher number of episodes of wheezing episodes, disturbed sleep and night cough, in children with asthma. Rhinitis, eczema, Split-type air conditioning system, antibiotic intake in the child's first year of life, frequent intake (more than once per month) of paracetamol and active maternal smoking were associated with a higher risk of having asthma, whereas electrical cooking was associated with a protective effect.

Conclusion

Asthma and allergic diseases are highly prevalent in children from Luanda. A strategy for preventive and control measures should be implemented.

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Effect of ginger extract on expression of GATA3, T-bet and ROR-γt in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with Allergic Asthma

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): M. Kardan, A. Rafiei, J. Ghafari, R. Valadan, Z. Morsaljahan, S.T. Haj-ghorbani

Abstract

Introduction and objectives

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells are the main cells involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. The function of these cells is affected by T-bet, GATA3 and RORγt transcription factors (respectively). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginger (officinal Roscoe) extract on the expression of T-bet, GATA-3 and ROR-γ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of asthmatic patients, in comparison with healthy volunteers as controls.

Materials and methods

In this case-control study, a total of 50 individuals including 25 patients with severe, moderate and mild allergic asthma and 25 unrelated healthy controls were involved. The PBMCs were isolated and divided into four groups: negative control, two positive controls (Budesonide and PHA) and ginger-extract treated group. After cell treatment and incubation for 48 h, PBMCs were isolated and cDNA was synthesized. Gene expressions of T-bet, GATA3 and ROR-γt were evaluated by Real-time PCR.

Results

According to the results of this study, hydroalcoholic extract of ginger could reduce the expression of GATA-3, ROR-γt, and T-bet in PBMCs of asthmatic patients in comparison with untreated PBMCs (P values = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively). It was also shown that the ginger extract could affect T-bet/GATA-3, T-bet/ROR-γt, and ROR-γt/GATA-3 expression ratios.

Conclusions

This study showed that the use of ginger extract could control asthma and decrease the severity of this disease by affecting the main cells involving the symptoms of asthma in the airways.

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Predicting outgrowth of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy: Diagnostic tests in children under two years of age

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): A. Uncuoglu, M.T. Cogurlu, I. Eser Simsek, N. Ergul, C. Baydemir, M. Aydogan

Abstract

Background

Limited studies conducted on children <2 years old and/or involving a skin prick test (SPT) for fresh milk (FM) have examined the predictive value of allergometric tests for outgrowth of cow's milk allergy (CMA). We investigated the optimal decision points for outgrowth (ODP^fo) with SPT for commercial cow's milk extract (CE) and FM and specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels for milk proteins to predict outgrowing allergy in children <2 years old.

Methods

SPTs for CE and FM, tests for sIgEs (cow's milk, casein, α-lactoalbumin, β-lactoglobulin) and oral food challenges (OFC) were performed in children referred for evaluation of suspected CMA, and 15 months after diagnosis.

Results

Fifty-one children (median age, 7.5 months; range, 2–23 months) were enrolled. Five had a history of anaphylaxis and 26 of 48 children with a positive initial challenge underwent milk elimination. The last OFC was performed in 28 children of whom 13 reacted to milk. The initial SPT responses to CE and FM and milk sIgE levels of the patients with persistent CMA were higher at diagnosis, with ODP^fo of 7 mm, 9 mm, and 10.5 kU/L, respectively; these values remained higher with ODP^fo of 4 mm, 11 mm, and 10.5 kU/L at the last OFC.

Conclusion

Higher initial SPTs for FM and CE and higher initial sIgE levels for cow's milk proteins are associated with a reduced likelihood of outgrowth. Initial milk sIgE level <10.5 kU/L and initial SPT for fresh milk <9 mm are related to the acquisition of tolerance in the follow-up period.

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Prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in 6–7-year-old schoolchildren from Luanda, Angola

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): M. Arrais, O. Lulua, F. Quifica, J. Rosado-Pinto, J.M.R. Gama, L. Taborda-Barata

Abstract

Background

Epidemiological data have shown that the prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children is still increasing, namely in Africa. However, there are no epidemiological studies on asthma or allergic diseases in Angolan children.

Objective

To study the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases in Angolan children.

Methods

Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study, using the ISAAC study methodology, in the province of Luanda, Angola in 6–7-year-old children. Forty-six (8.3%) public schools were randomly selected. Data were analysed using the SPSS Statistics version 24.0 software.

Results

A total of 3080 children were studied. Results showed that the prevalence of asthma (wheezing in the previous 12 months) was 15.8%, that of rhinitis (sneezing, runny or blocked nose in the previous 12 months) was 19%, and that of eczema (itchy skin lesions in the previous 12 months) was 22%, without differences between sexes. Rhinitis was associated with a higher number of episodes of wheezing episodes, disturbed sleep and night cough, in children with asthma. Rhinitis, eczema, Split-type air conditioning system, antibiotic intake in the child's first year of life, frequent intake (more than once per month) of paracetamol and active maternal smoking were associated with a higher risk of having asthma, whereas electrical cooking was associated with a protective effect.

Conclusion

Asthma and allergic diseases are highly prevalent in children from Luanda. A strategy for preventive and control measures should be implemented.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Gjwov7

Effect of ginger extract on expression of GATA3, T-bet and ROR-γt in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with Allergic Asthma

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): M. Kardan, A. Rafiei, J. Ghafari, R. Valadan, Z. Morsaljahan, S.T. Haj-ghorbani

Abstract

Introduction and objectives

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells are the main cells involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. The function of these cells is affected by T-bet, GATA3 and RORγt transcription factors (respectively). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginger (officinal Roscoe) extract on the expression of T-bet, GATA-3 and ROR-γ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of asthmatic patients, in comparison with healthy volunteers as controls.

Materials and methods

In this case-control study, a total of 50 individuals including 25 patients with severe, moderate and mild allergic asthma and 25 unrelated healthy controls were involved. The PBMCs were isolated and divided into four groups: negative control, two positive controls (Budesonide and PHA) and ginger-extract treated group. After cell treatment and incubation for 48 h, PBMCs were isolated and cDNA was synthesized. Gene expressions of T-bet, GATA3 and ROR-γt were evaluated by Real-time PCR.

Results

According to the results of this study, hydroalcoholic extract of ginger could reduce the expression of GATA-3, ROR-γt, and T-bet in PBMCs of asthmatic patients in comparison with untreated PBMCs (P values = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively). It was also shown that the ginger extract could affect T-bet/GATA-3, T-bet/ROR-γt, and ROR-γt/GATA-3 expression ratios.

Conclusions

This study showed that the use of ginger extract could control asthma and decrease the severity of this disease by affecting the main cells involving the symptoms of asthma in the airways.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2IjNhI7

Predicting outgrowth of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy: Diagnostic tests in children under two years of age

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia

Author(s): A. Uncuoglu, M.T. Cogurlu, I. Eser Simsek, N. Ergul, C. Baydemir, M. Aydogan

Abstract

Background

Limited studies conducted on children <2 years old and/or involving a skin prick test (SPT) for fresh milk (FM) have examined the predictive value of allergometric tests for outgrowth of cow's milk allergy (CMA). We investigated the optimal decision points for outgrowth (ODP^fo) with SPT for commercial cow's milk extract (CE) and FM and specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels for milk proteins to predict outgrowing allergy in children <2 years old.

Methods

SPTs for CE and FM, tests for sIgEs (cow's milk, casein, α-lactoalbumin, β-lactoglobulin) and oral food challenges (OFC) were performed in children referred for evaluation of suspected CMA, and 15 months after diagnosis.

Results

Fifty-one children (median age, 7.5 months; range, 2–23 months) were enrolled. Five had a history of anaphylaxis and 26 of 48 children with a positive initial challenge underwent milk elimination. The last OFC was performed in 28 children of whom 13 reacted to milk. The initial SPT responses to CE and FM and milk sIgE levels of the patients with persistent CMA were higher at diagnosis, with ODP^fo of 7 mm, 9 mm, and 10.5 kU/L, respectively; these values remained higher with ODP^fo of 4 mm, 11 mm, and 10.5 kU/L at the last OFC.

Conclusion

Higher initial SPTs for FM and CE and higher initial sIgE levels for cow's milk proteins are associated with a reduced likelihood of outgrowth. Initial milk sIgE level <10.5 kU/L and initial SPT for fresh milk <9 mm are related to the acquisition of tolerance in the follow-up period.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Gjwinf

Chitosan hydrogel containing amelogenin-derived peptide: inhibition of cariogenic bacteria and promotion of remineralization of initial caries lesions

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Qian Ren, Longjiang Ding, Zhongcheng Li, Xiuqing Wang, Kun Wang, Sili Han, Wei Li, Xuedong Zhou, Linglin Zhang

Abstract

Objective

Nowadays, caries prevention focuses on controlling pathogenic bacteria, inhibiting demineralization and promoting re-mineralization. The aim of this study is to design a more clinically powerful anti-caries treatment by combining amelogenin-derived peptide QP5 with antibacterial chitosan in a hydrogel (CS-QP5 hydrogel), and characterize its effects on inhibition of cariogenic bacteria and promotion of remineralization of initial caries lesions.

Design

CS-QP5 interactions at different pH and chitosan concentrations were studied using UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Antibacterial activity was measured using broth microdilution and biofilm assays. Remineralizing activity was measured using tests of surface micro-hardness(SMH), polarized light microscopy(PLM) and transverse microradiography(TMR) in a pH cycling model that simulates intra-oral pH conditions.

Results

The results of UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism analyses suggest that the micro-environment of QP5 changes upon addition of chitosan and the interaction between QP5 and chitosan is reversible and dependent on pH. CS-QP5 hydrogel showed good antibacterial potency towards Streptococcus mutans with MIC/MBC of 5 mg/mL, reducing adhesion and biofilm formation up to 95.43% and nearly 100% respectively. According to the results of remineralizing studies, CS-QP5 hydrogel demonstrated 50.06% surface micro-hardness recovery, shallower lesion depth, significantly less mineral loss and more mineral content at different depth in the lesion body after pH cycling.

Conclusions

The hydrogel showed promise as a dual-action caries control agent in vitro, whether it could present good effects in vivo still needs to be determined, which requires further study. Nonetheless, the new design of bioactive hydrogel with antibacterial and remineralizing properties has the potential to substantially benefit oral health.

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Chitosan hydrogel containing amelogenin-derived peptide: inhibition of cariogenic bacteria and promotion of remineralization of initial caries lesions

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Qian Ren, Longjiang Ding, Zhongcheng Li, Xiuqing Wang, Kun Wang, Sili Han, Wei Li, Xuedong Zhou, Linglin Zhang

Abstract

Objective

Nowadays, caries prevention focuses on controlling pathogenic bacteria, inhibiting demineralization and promoting re-mineralization. The aim of this study is to design a more clinically powerful anti-caries treatment by combining amelogenin-derived peptide QP5 with antibacterial chitosan in a hydrogel (CS-QP5 hydrogel), and characterize its effects on inhibition of cariogenic bacteria and promotion of remineralization of initial caries lesions.

Design

CS-QP5 interactions at different pH and chitosan concentrations were studied using UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Antibacterial activity was measured using broth microdilution and biofilm assays. Remineralizing activity was measured using tests of surface micro-hardness(SMH), polarized light microscopy(PLM) and transverse microradiography(TMR) in a pH cycling model that simulates intra-oral pH conditions.

Results

The results of UV–vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism analyses suggest that the micro-environment of QP5 changes upon addition of chitosan and the interaction between QP5 and chitosan is reversible and dependent on pH. CS-QP5 hydrogel showed good antibacterial potency towards Streptococcus mutans with MIC/MBC of 5 mg/mL, reducing adhesion and biofilm formation up to 95.43% and nearly 100% respectively. According to the results of remineralizing studies, CS-QP5 hydrogel demonstrated 50.06% surface micro-hardness recovery, shallower lesion depth, significantly less mineral loss and more mineral content at different depth in the lesion body after pH cycling.

Conclusions

The hydrogel showed promise as a dual-action caries control agent in vitro, whether it could present good effects in vivo still needs to be determined, which requires further study. Nonetheless, the new design of bioactive hydrogel with antibacterial and remineralizing properties has the potential to substantially benefit oral health.

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Predictive values of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and other prognostic factors in pediatric idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Publication date: Available online 11 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Ryun Ha, Byeoung Woo Lim, Dong Hyun Kim, Jung Woo Park, Chang Hyun Cho, Ju Hyoung Lee

Abstract

Background and Objectives

No consensus has been reached regarding the optimum treatment or factors affecting prognosis in pediatric idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) due to its rarity. In the present study, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of ISSNHL were investigated in pediatric patients who underwent steroid therapy.

Subjects

and Methods: Forty-two patients diagnosed with ISSNHL were enrolled in this retrospective study and compared with 39 normal healthy controls with respect to demography and complete blood cell count test results. In addition, prognosis factors were sought by dividing the 42 ISSNHL patients to 3 groups according to their response to the treatment.

Results

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) value in the ISSNHL group were significantly higher than in the control group. NLR value in the three treatment response groups differed significantly. Early treatment with steroid and accompanying tinnitus were positive prognostic factor for hearing recovery. Other characteristics were not significant.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that good hearing recovery in children may be associated with early time of initial treatment and accompanying tinnitus. Also, NLR value might be useful readily accessible prognostic markers in pediatric ISSNHL patients. Further studies are required to confirm prognostic factors useful to predict prognosis and treat ISSNHL in pediatric patients.

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Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Head and Neck in Children

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Natasha D. Dombrowski, Nikolaus E. Wolter, Alexandria L. Irace, Michael J. Cunningham, Jennifer W. Mack, Karen J. Marcus, Sara O. Vargas, Antonio R. Perez-Atayde, Caroline D. Robson, Reza Rahbar

Abstract

Introduction

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare malignant salivary gland neoplasm in the pediatric population. Few studies have discussed best practice with respect to diagnosis and treatment in children.

Objective

To present our institution's experience with the evaluation and management of pediatric mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of patients under 20 years of age diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck between 1998 and 2017. Data assessed includes demographics, clinical presentation, imaging examinations, histopathology, treatment, complications, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and follow-up.

Results

Sixteen patients (10 female, 6 male) were identified with a median age of 12.9 (IQR: 10.9-15.0) years. Tumors were located within the parotid gland (n = 11, 68.8%), accessory lobe of the parotid gland (n = 2, 12.5%), palate (n = 2, 12.5%), and submandibular region (n = 1, 6.3%). In 9 patients (56.3%) a neoplastic etiology was suspected based on the clinical and/or radiographic findings and confirmed pathologically on biopsy or excision. All patients were treated surgically and five patients required adjuvant radiotherapy. One patient had recurrence requiring re-excision. Seven patients (43.8%) had transient facial paresis post-operatively and one had Frey syndrome. Median follow-up time was 59.7 months (IQR: 18.9-99.3).

Conclusion

The malignant nature of mucoepidermoid carcinoma requires comprehensive, multidisciplinary management. Imaging and tissue sampling by fine needle aspiration give clinicians the best insight into location and nature of the mass. Complete surgical excision with attention to preservation of facial nerve and achieving negative margins is desired.

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Predictive values of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and other prognostic factors in pediatric idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Publication date: Available online 11 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Ryun Ha, Byeoung Woo Lim, Dong Hyun Kim, Jung Woo Park, Chang Hyun Cho, Ju Hyoung Lee

Abstract

Background and Objectives

No consensus has been reached regarding the optimum treatment or factors affecting prognosis in pediatric idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) due to its rarity. In the present study, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of ISSNHL were investigated in pediatric patients who underwent steroid therapy.

Subjects

and Methods: Forty-two patients diagnosed with ISSNHL were enrolled in this retrospective study and compared with 39 normal healthy controls with respect to demography and complete blood cell count test results. In addition, prognosis factors were sought by dividing the 42 ISSNHL patients to 3 groups according to their response to the treatment.

Results

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) value in the ISSNHL group were significantly higher than in the control group. NLR value in the three treatment response groups differed significantly. Early treatment with steroid and accompanying tinnitus were positive prognostic factor for hearing recovery. Other characteristics were not significant.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that good hearing recovery in children may be associated with early time of initial treatment and accompanying tinnitus. Also, NLR value might be useful readily accessible prognostic markers in pediatric ISSNHL patients. Further studies are required to confirm prognostic factors useful to predict prognosis and treat ISSNHL in pediatric patients.

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Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Head and Neck in Children

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Natasha D. Dombrowski, Nikolaus E. Wolter, Alexandria L. Irace, Michael J. Cunningham, Jennifer W. Mack, Karen J. Marcus, Sara O. Vargas, Antonio R. Perez-Atayde, Caroline D. Robson, Reza Rahbar

Abstract

Introduction

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare malignant salivary gland neoplasm in the pediatric population. Few studies have discussed best practice with respect to diagnosis and treatment in children.

Objective

To present our institution's experience with the evaluation and management of pediatric mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of patients under 20 years of age diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck between 1998 and 2017. Data assessed includes demographics, clinical presentation, imaging examinations, histopathology, treatment, complications, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and follow-up.

Results

Sixteen patients (10 female, 6 male) were identified with a median age of 12.9 (IQR: 10.9-15.0) years. Tumors were located within the parotid gland (n = 11, 68.8%), accessory lobe of the parotid gland (n = 2, 12.5%), palate (n = 2, 12.5%), and submandibular region (n = 1, 6.3%). In 9 patients (56.3%) a neoplastic etiology was suspected based on the clinical and/or radiographic findings and confirmed pathologically on biopsy or excision. All patients were treated surgically and five patients required adjuvant radiotherapy. One patient had recurrence requiring re-excision. Seven patients (43.8%) had transient facial paresis post-operatively and one had Frey syndrome. Median follow-up time was 59.7 months (IQR: 18.9-99.3).

Conclusion

The malignant nature of mucoepidermoid carcinoma requires comprehensive, multidisciplinary management. Imaging and tissue sampling by fine needle aspiration give clinicians the best insight into location and nature of the mass. Complete surgical excision with attention to preservation of facial nerve and achieving negative margins is desired.

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CoreSlicer: a web toolkit for analytic morphomics

Abstract

Background

Analytic morphomics, or more simply, "morphomics," refers to the measurement of specific biomarkers of body composition from medical imaging, most commonly computed tomography (CT) images. An emerging body of literature supports the use of morphomic markers measured on single-slice CT images for risk prediction in a range of clinical populations. However, uptake by healthcare providers been limited due to the lack of clinician-friendly software to facilitate measurements. The objectives of this study were to describe the interface and functionality of CoreSlicer- a free and open-source web-based interface aiming to facilitate measurement of analytic morphomics by clinicians - and to validate muscle and fat measurements performed in CoreSlicer against reference software.

Results

Measurements of muscle and fat obtained in CoreSlicer show high agreement with established reference software. CoreSlicer features a full set of DICOM viewing tools and extensible plugin interface to facilitate rapid prototyping and validation of new morphomic markers by researchers. We present published studies illustrating the use of CoreSlicer by clinicians with no prior knowledge of medical image segmentation techniques and no formal training in radiology, where CoreSlicer was successfully used to predict operative risk in three distinct populations of cardiovascular patients.

Conclusions

CoreSlicer enables extraction of morphomic markers from CT images by non-technically skilled clinicians. Measurements were reproducible and accurate in relation to reference software.

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CoreSlicer: a web toolkit for analytic morphomics

Abstract

Background

Analytic morphomics, or more simply, "morphomics," refers to the measurement of specific biomarkers of body composition from medical imaging, most commonly computed tomography (CT) images. An emerging body of literature supports the use of morphomic markers measured on single-slice CT images for risk prediction in a range of clinical populations. However, uptake by healthcare providers been limited due to the lack of clinician-friendly software to facilitate measurements. The objectives of this study were to describe the interface and functionality of CoreSlicer- a free and open-source web-based interface aiming to facilitate measurement of analytic morphomics by clinicians - and to validate muscle and fat measurements performed in CoreSlicer against reference software.

Results

Measurements of muscle and fat obtained in CoreSlicer show high agreement with established reference software. CoreSlicer features a full set of DICOM viewing tools and extensible plugin interface to facilitate rapid prototyping and validation of new morphomic markers by researchers. We present published studies illustrating the use of CoreSlicer by clinicians with no prior knowledge of medical image segmentation techniques and no formal training in radiology, where CoreSlicer was successfully used to predict operative risk in three distinct populations of cardiovascular patients.

Conclusions

CoreSlicer enables extraction of morphomic markers from CT images by non-technically skilled clinicians. Measurements were reproducible and accurate in relation to reference software.

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Elective neck dissection in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Past, present and future

Publication date: March 2019

Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 90

Author(s): Remco de Bree, Robert P. Takes, Jatin P. Shah, Marc Hamoir, Luiz P. Kowalski, K. Thomas Robbins, Juan P. Rodrigo, Alvaro Sanabria, Jesus E. Medina, Alessandra Rinaldo, Ashok R. Shaha, Carl Silver, Carlos Suárez, Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsen, Alfio Ferlito

Abstract

In 1994 a decision analysis, based on the literature and utility ratings for outcome by a panel of experienced head and neck physicians, was presented which showed a threshold probability of occult metastases of 20% to recommend elective treatment of the neck. It was stated that recommendations for the management of the cN0 neck are not immutable and should be reconfigured to determine the optimal management based on different sets of underlying assumptions. Although much has changed and is published in the almost 25 years after its publication, up to date this figure is still mentioned in the context of decisions on treatment of the clinically negative (cN0) neck. Therefore, we critically reviewed the developments in diagnostics and therapy and modeling approaches in the context of decisions on treatment of the cN0 neck. However, the results of studies on treatment of the cN0 neck cannot be translated to other settings due to significant differences in relevant variables such as population, culture, diagnostic work-up, follow-up, costs, institutional preferences and other factors. Moreover, patients may have personal preferences and may weigh oncologic outcomes versus morbidity and quality of life differently. Therefore, instead of trying to establish "the" best strategy for the cN0 neck or "the" optimal cut-off point for elective neck treatment, the approach to optimize the management of the cN0 neck would be to develop and implement models and decision support systems that can serve to optimize choices depending on individual, institutional, population and other relevant variables.

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Elective neck dissection in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Past, present and future

Publication date: March 2019

Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 90

Author(s): Remco de Bree, Robert P. Takes, Jatin P. Shah, Marc Hamoir, Luiz P. Kowalski, K. Thomas Robbins, Juan P. Rodrigo, Alvaro Sanabria, Jesus E. Medina, Alessandra Rinaldo, Ashok R. Shaha, Carl Silver, Carlos Suárez, Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsen, Alfio Ferlito

Abstract

In 1994 a decision analysis, based on the literature and utility ratings for outcome by a panel of experienced head and neck physicians, was presented which showed a threshold probability of occult metastases of 20% to recommend elective treatment of the neck. It was stated that recommendations for the management of the cN0 neck are not immutable and should be reconfigured to determine the optimal management based on different sets of underlying assumptions. Although much has changed and is published in the almost 25 years after its publication, up to date this figure is still mentioned in the context of decisions on treatment of the clinically negative (cN0) neck. Therefore, we critically reviewed the developments in diagnostics and therapy and modeling approaches in the context of decisions on treatment of the cN0 neck. However, the results of studies on treatment of the cN0 neck cannot be translated to other settings due to significant differences in relevant variables such as population, culture, diagnostic work-up, follow-up, costs, institutional preferences and other factors. Moreover, patients may have personal preferences and may weigh oncologic outcomes versus morbidity and quality of life differently. Therefore, instead of trying to establish "the" best strategy for the cN0 neck or "the" optimal cut-off point for elective neck treatment, the approach to optimize the management of the cN0 neck would be to develop and implement models and decision support systems that can serve to optimize choices depending on individual, institutional, population and other relevant variables.

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Acid stimulation-induced semi-pluripotent characteristics in human somatic cells.

CONCLUSION: The human somatic cells undergoing a low pH treatment showed the similar characteristics as those of iPS cells, although the functions and therapeutic effect of these altered human somatic cells need to be further studied. PMID: 30734622 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica)

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Acid stimulation-induced semi-pluripotent characteristics in human somatic cells.

CONCLUSION: The human somatic cells undergoing a low pH treatment showed the similar characteristics as those of iPS cells, although the functions and therapeutic effect of these altered human somatic cells need to be further studied. PMID: 30734622 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica)

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The Tooth Crossing the Confinement of Mandible: An Unique Expression of Central Variety of Dentigerous Cyst

Abstract

Dentigerous cyst (DC) is the most common developmental cyst that occurs in either jaw with a reported frequency of 18.1% (Jones et al. J Oral Pathol Med 35:500–507, 2006). DC literally means a tooth bearing cyst, and it is named due to the fact the it is almost always associated with an impacted or unerupted tooth in the jaw. The most common tooth involved by DC is mandibular third molar, since it is most common tooth to get impacted, followed by mandibular canine, maxillary third molars and mandibular premolars and less commonly maxillary central incisor. However, the association of mandibular second molar is unusual with an incidence of about 1.1%. We report a case of a 28 years old male diagnosed with an impacted mandibular third molar associated with DC and its surgical management.

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The Tooth Crossing the Confinement of Mandible: An Unique Expression of Central Variety of Dentigerous Cyst

Abstract

Dentigerous cyst (DC) is the most common developmental cyst that occurs in either jaw with a reported frequency of 18.1% (Jones et al. J Oral Pathol Med 35:500–507, 2006). DC literally means a tooth bearing cyst, and it is named due to the fact the it is almost always associated with an impacted or unerupted tooth in the jaw. The most common tooth involved by DC is mandibular third molar, since it is most common tooth to get impacted, followed by mandibular canine, maxillary third molars and mandibular premolars and less commonly maxillary central incisor. However, the association of mandibular second molar is unusual with an incidence of about 1.1%. We report a case of a 28 years old male diagnosed with an impacted mandibular third molar associated with DC and its surgical management.

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The role of energy drink consumption in the intention to initiate marijuana use among adolescents

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Addictive Behaviors

Author(s): Wanda Leal

Abstract

Aims

The current study aims to examine whether energy drink consumption is associated with intentions to try marijuana among adolescents who have never tried marijuana, and whether the effects of energy drink consumption on the intention to try marijuana vary between adolescents who have previously tried alcohol or cigarettes and those who have not.

Methods

This study employs a pooled cross-sectional design and uses a nationally representative sample of 8th (ages 13–14) and 10th (ages 15–16) grade adolescents from the seven most recent cohorts (2010–2016) of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study. Logistic regression was employed to examine the association between energy drink consumption (none, light, moderate, heavy) and the odds of intending to initiate marijuana use in the next 12 months, controlling for sociodemographic factors and other health and social behaviors.

Results

The results indicate that energy drink consumers are significantly more likely to intend to initiate marijuana use relative to non-consumers of energy drinks. Specifically, youth who heavily use energy drinks have significantly higher odds of having the intention to use marijuana in the near future than youth who consume energy drinks moderately or lightly. Additionally, evidence suggests that the relationship between energy drink consumption and the intention to use marijuana is moderated by use of other substances.

Conclusions

The current study suggests that energy drink consumption (particularly heavy consumption), may be one early precursor in the escalation of substance use. It may be beneficial to include energy drinks in drug education curriculums.

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The role of energy drink consumption in the intention to initiate marijuana use among adolescents

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Addictive Behaviors

Author(s): Wanda Leal

Abstract

Aims

The current study aims to examine whether energy drink consumption is associated with intentions to try marijuana among adolescents who have never tried marijuana, and whether the effects of energy drink consumption on the intention to try marijuana vary between adolescents who have previously tried alcohol or cigarettes and those who have not.

Methods

This study employs a pooled cross-sectional design and uses a nationally representative sample of 8th (ages 13–14) and 10th (ages 15–16) grade adolescents from the seven most recent cohorts (2010–2016) of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study. Logistic regression was employed to examine the association between energy drink consumption (none, light, moderate, heavy) and the odds of intending to initiate marijuana use in the next 12 months, controlling for sociodemographic factors and other health and social behaviors.

Results

The results indicate that energy drink consumers are significantly more likely to intend to initiate marijuana use relative to non-consumers of energy drinks. Specifically, youth who heavily use energy drinks have significantly higher odds of having the intention to use marijuana in the near future than youth who consume energy drinks moderately or lightly. Additionally, evidence suggests that the relationship between energy drink consumption and the intention to use marijuana is moderated by use of other substances.

Conclusions

The current study suggests that energy drink consumption (particularly heavy consumption), may be one early precursor in the escalation of substance use. It may be beneficial to include energy drinks in drug education curriculums.

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Shear Wave Elastography – Virtual TouchTM Imaging Quantification in the evaluation of breast masses: Impact on Ultrasonography’s Specificity and its Ultimate Clinical Benefit

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: European Journal of Radiology

Author(s): Maíra Teixeira Dória, Rodrigo Menezes Jales, Livia Conz, Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain, Luís Otávio Zanatta Sarian

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic performance and the clinical benefit of Shear-Wave Elastography - Virtual Touch^TM Imaging Quantification (SWE-VTIQ) as a complement to ultrasonography (US).

Methods

From October 2016 through Jun 2017, B-mode US and SWE-VTIQ were prospectively performed in 396 breast masses in 357 women who consented to undergo this study. Quantitative elastography values were recorded: V_max (maximum elasticity), V_mean (median elasticity), V_ratio(max) (ratio of V_max and surrounding parenchyma) and V_ratio(mean) (ratio of V_mean and surrounding parenchyma). The histopathology of the lesions was considered the reference standard for benign or malignant definition. The performance of the four elastographic parameters was evaluated trough sensitivity, specificity and AUC. The parameter with the best performance was tested in six different diagnostic approaches defined based on clinical practice.

Results

Of the 396 masses, 122 (30.8%) were benign and 274 (69.2%) were malignant. All SWE parameters were significantly higher in malignant masses (all p < 0.01). V_max and V_ratio(max) performed significantly better then V_ratio(mean) (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). SWE-VTIQ improved US specificity in all diagnostic approaches, except when applied to BI-RADS 3 lesions. SWE-VTIQ reduced the false positive rate in 25% if applied only to BI-RADS 4A masses, maintaining a high sensitivity (98.9%, 95% confidence interval 97.1-100%) and a negative predictive value of 95.5%. When applied to BI-RADS 4A and 4B masses, SWE-VTIQ reduced the false positive rate in 54.4%. However, 13 malignant cases would be missed in this approach (4.7% of all malignant cases).

Conclusions

SWE-VTIQ increases US specificity when applied to BI-RADS 4 A lesions, significantly reducing unnecessary interventions and preserving the diagnosis of malignant lesions. When applied also to BI-RADS® 4B lesions, SWE-VTIQ increases the number of false negative cases, which should be evaluated with caution.

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First-year radiology residents teaching anatomy to first-year medical students: A symbiotic relationship: Brief Communication for The Education Corner

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology

Author(s): Preya Shah, Samantha P. Zuckerman, Cole Thompson, Austin R. Pantel, Neal A. Rubinstein, Maya Galperin-Aizenberg, Mary H. Scanlon, Arun C. Nachiappan

Abstract

Rationale and Objectives

: Our institution has developed an educational program in which first-year radiology residents teach first-year medical students during gross anatomy laboratory sessions. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of this program on medical student knowledge and perceptions of radiology, and on resident attitudes toward teaching.

Materials and Methods

: First-year resident pairs taught small groups of medical students during weekly 15-minute interactive sessions, and were evaluated on teaching skills by senior residents. A survey about attitudes toward radiology and a knowledge quiz were sent to the medical students, and a survey about attitudes toward teaching was sent to the first-year radiology residents, both pre-course and post-course.

Results

: Students' radiology knowledge significantly increased between the pre-course and post-course survey across all categories tested (p < 0.001). Additionally, there were significant improvements in terms of students' confidence in radiological anatomy skills, perceived importance of radiology for medical training, familiarity with the field of radiology, and perception that radiologists are friendly (p < 0.001). Radiology residents felt more confident in their teaching proficiency (p < 0.001) by the conclusion of the course.

Conclusion

: Resident-led small-group teaching sessions during anatomy laboratory are mutually beneficial for medical students and radiology residents. The program also allows radiology residents to be exposed early on in residency to teaching and academic medicine.

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Preoperative MRI for the Multiligament Knee Injury: What the Surgeon Needs to Know

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology

Author(s): Jack Porrino, Annie Wang, Kimia Kani, Christopher Y Kweon, Albert Gee

Abstract

The multiligament knee injury is devastating and potentially limb threatening. Preoperative MRI for the evaluation of the multiligament knee injury is an invaluable clinical tool, and when the radiologist is familiar with how certain injury patterns influence management, optimal outcomes can be achieved. We provide a detailed description of the relationship between salient imaging features of the multiligament knee injury, focusing on the preoperative MRI, and their influence on clinical decision-making.

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The Role and Pitfall of F18-FDG PET/CT in Surveillance of High Grade Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology

Author(s): Ming Yang, Allison C. Rosenthal, Jonathan B. Ashman, Fiona E. Craig

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Shear Wave Elastography – Virtual TouchTM Imaging Quantification in the evaluation of breast masses: Impact on Ultrasonography’s Specificity and its Ultimate Clinical Benefit

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: European Journal of Radiology

Author(s): Maíra Teixeira Dória, Rodrigo Menezes Jales, Livia Conz, Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain, Luís Otávio Zanatta Sarian

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the diagnostic performance and the clinical benefit of Shear-Wave Elastography - Virtual Touch^TM Imaging Quantification (SWE-VTIQ) as a complement to ultrasonography (US).

Methods

From October 2016 through Jun 2017, B-mode US and SWE-VTIQ were prospectively performed in 396 breast masses in 357 women who consented to undergo this study. Quantitative elastography values were recorded: V_max (maximum elasticity), V_mean (median elasticity), V_ratio(max) (ratio of V_max and surrounding parenchyma) and V_ratio(mean) (ratio of V_mean and surrounding parenchyma). The histopathology of the lesions was considered the reference standard for benign or malignant definition. The performance of the four elastographic parameters was evaluated trough sensitivity, specificity and AUC. The parameter with the best performance was tested in six different diagnostic approaches defined based on clinical practice.

Results

Of the 396 masses, 122 (30.8%) were benign and 274 (69.2%) were malignant. All SWE parameters were significantly higher in malignant masses (all p < 0.01). V_max and V_ratio(max) performed significantly better then V_ratio(mean) (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). SWE-VTIQ improved US specificity in all diagnostic approaches, except when applied to BI-RADS 3 lesions. SWE-VTIQ reduced the false positive rate in 25% if applied only to BI-RADS 4A masses, maintaining a high sensitivity (98.9%, 95% confidence interval 97.1-100%) and a negative predictive value of 95.5%. When applied to BI-RADS 4A and 4B masses, SWE-VTIQ reduced the false positive rate in 54.4%. However, 13 malignant cases would be missed in this approach (4.7% of all malignant cases).

Conclusions

SWE-VTIQ increases US specificity when applied to BI-RADS 4 A lesions, significantly reducing unnecessary interventions and preserving the diagnosis of malignant lesions. When applied also to BI-RADS® 4B lesions, SWE-VTIQ increases the number of false negative cases, which should be evaluated with caution.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BwARGI

First-year radiology residents teaching anatomy to first-year medical students: A symbiotic relationship: Brief Communication for The Education Corner

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology

Author(s): Preya Shah, Samantha P. Zuckerman, Cole Thompson, Austin R. Pantel, Neal A. Rubinstein, Maya Galperin-Aizenberg, Mary H. Scanlon, Arun C. Nachiappan

Abstract

Rationale and Objectives

: Our institution has developed an educational program in which first-year radiology residents teach first-year medical students during gross anatomy laboratory sessions. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of this program on medical student knowledge and perceptions of radiology, and on resident attitudes toward teaching.

Materials and Methods

: First-year resident pairs taught small groups of medical students during weekly 15-minute interactive sessions, and were evaluated on teaching skills by senior residents. A survey about attitudes toward radiology and a knowledge quiz were sent to the medical students, and a survey about attitudes toward teaching was sent to the first-year radiology residents, both pre-course and post-course.

Results

: Students' radiology knowledge significantly increased between the pre-course and post-course survey across all categories tested (p < 0.001). Additionally, there were significant improvements in terms of students' confidence in radiological anatomy skills, perceived importance of radiology for medical training, familiarity with the field of radiology, and perception that radiologists are friendly (p < 0.001). Radiology residents felt more confident in their teaching proficiency (p < 0.001) by the conclusion of the course.

Conclusion

: Resident-led small-group teaching sessions during anatomy laboratory are mutually beneficial for medical students and radiology residents. The program also allows radiology residents to be exposed early on in residency to teaching and academic medicine.

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Preoperative MRI for the Multiligament Knee Injury: What the Surgeon Needs to Know

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology

Author(s): Jack Porrino, Annie Wang, Kimia Kani, Christopher Y Kweon, Albert Gee

Abstract

The multiligament knee injury is devastating and potentially limb threatening. Preoperative MRI for the evaluation of the multiligament knee injury is an invaluable clinical tool, and when the radiologist is familiar with how certain injury patterns influence management, optimal outcomes can be achieved. We provide a detailed description of the relationship between salient imaging features of the multiligament knee injury, focusing on the preoperative MRI, and their influence on clinical decision-making.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Bv2yzD

The Role and Pitfall of F18-FDG PET/CT in Surveillance of High Grade Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis

Publication date: Available online 10 February 2019

Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology

Author(s): Ming Yang, Allison C. Rosenthal, Jonathan B. Ashman, Fiona E. Craig

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2THSLgT