Changes in the functional connectivity of auditory and language-related brain regions in children with congenital severe sensorineural hearing loss: An fMRI study

Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Neurolinguistics, Volume 51Author(s): Qiang Li, Huang Guo, Lihua Liu, Shuang XiaAbstractEarly hearing deprivation can affect the development of hearing, language, and vision. Thirty-four infants with congenital severe sensorineural hearing loss (CSSHL) and 20 age- and sex-matched subjects with normal hearing were recruited. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of auditory and language-related brain areas was compared between infants with deafness and control subjects. Relative to subjects with normal hearing, infants with CSSHL had decreased ALFF values in the right Brodmann's area (BA) 22 region and in parts of several language-related regions. As the duration of hearing loss increased, the ALFF values in the left auditory and l...

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Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity in Children With Solid Tumor

Cisplatin is the principal chemotherapeutic agent and also tremendously increases the survival for pediatric patients with neuroblastoma or hepatoblastoma. With the extended overall survival period, clinical medical workers and parents gradually attach more attention to the late effect of chemotherapy of these children. The purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence and risk factors of cisplatin-based hearing loss. We retrospectively collected the archives of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and audiometric evaluation from 2005 through 2017 at Xinhua Hospital. From 384 patients treated with cisplatin, full data of 59 patients were available, and 14 cases (23.7%) were identified as significant hearing loss. The median time from usage of platinum compounds to the most recent audio test wa...

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Childhood Hearing Loss in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease in the United States

This study sought to examine if modern medical evaluations including newborn screening and early diagnosis along with better methods of disease control have improved rates of hearing loss in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Audiometric and medical data for patients with SCD was obtained from the AudGen Database and analyzed for the presence of hearing loss, type of hearing loss, severity of hearing loss, and correlation with comorbid conditions. Children with sickle cell trait (SCT) were used as a comparison group. A total of 189 patients with SCD and 244 patients with SCT had sufficient audiologic data available. Hearing loss was present in 62% of children with SCD and 50% of children with SCT in the study population. Patients with SCD were significantly more likely than those wit...

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Changes in the functional connectivity of auditory and language-related brain regions in children with congenital severe sensorineural hearing loss: An fMRI study

Publication date: August 2019Source: Journal of Neurolinguistics, Volume 51Author(s): Qiang Li, Huang Guo, Lihua Liu, Shuang XiaAbstractEarly hearing deprivation can affect the development of hearing, language, and vision. Thirty-four infants with congenital severe sensorineural hearing loss (CSSHL) and 20 age- and sex-matched subjects with normal hearing were recruited. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of auditory and language-related brain areas was compared between infants with deafness and control subjects. Relative to subjects with normal hearing, infants with CSSHL had decreased ALFF values in the right Brodmann's area (BA) 22 region and in parts of several language-related regions. As the duration of hearing loss increased, the ALFF values in the left auditory and l...

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Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity in Children With Solid Tumor

Cisplatin is the principal chemotherapeutic agent and also tremendously increases the survival for pediatric patients with neuroblastoma or hepatoblastoma. With the extended overall survival period, clinical medical workers and parents gradually attach more attention to the late effect of chemotherapy of these children. The purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence and risk factors of cisplatin-based hearing loss. We retrospectively collected the archives of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and audiometric evaluation from 2005 through 2017 at Xinhua Hospital. From 384 patients treated with cisplatin, full data of 59 patients were available, and 14 cases (23.7%) were identified as significant hearing loss. The median time from usage of platinum compounds to the most recent audio test wa...

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Childhood Hearing Loss in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease in the United States

This study sought to examine if modern medical evaluations including newborn screening and early diagnosis along with better methods of disease control have improved rates of hearing loss in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Audiometric and medical data for patients with SCD was obtained from the AudGen Database and analyzed for the presence of hearing loss, type of hearing loss, severity of hearing loss, and correlation with comorbid conditions. Children with sickle cell trait (SCT) were used as a comparison group. A total of 189 patients with SCD and 244 patients with SCT had sufficient audiologic data available. Hearing loss was present in 62% of children with SCD and 50% of children with SCT in the study population. Patients with SCD were significantly more likely than those wit...

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Differenzialdiagnose von Befunden an der Gallenblase

Zusammenfassung

Klinisches Problem

Mit der Fragestellung der Cholezystitis und der Cholezystolithiasis gehört die Gallenblase zu den am häufigsten bildgebend untersuchten Organen.

Radiologische Standardverfahren

Bei nahezu allen Fragestellungen zur Gallenblase ist der Ultraschall aufgrund der guten Verfügbarkeit, Schnelligkeit und der überlegenen räumlichen Auflösung die primäre bildgebende Modalität. Bei unklaren Befunden oder möglichen Komplikationen werden die Computertomographie (CT) und die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) eingesetzt.

Methodische Innovationen

Für spezifische Fragestellung können diese Modalitäten um spezielle Techniken wie die Kontrastmittelsonographie, Dual-Energy-CT-Technik und spezifische MR-Sequenzen erweitert werden.

Leistungsfähigkeit

Sonderformen der Cholezystitis wie die Adenomyomatose und die xanthogranulomatöse Cholezystitis stellen eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar, da sie anderen Erkrankungen ähneln können. Komplikationen der Cholezystolithiasis wie das Mirizzi-Syndrom und der Gallensteinileus können die Abklärung erschweren, da es dabei zu einer Änderung der Lokalisation der Ätiologie und der Symptome kommen kann. Neoplasien wie das Gallenblasenkarzinom und andere Malignome müssen mit Hilfe einer größeren Bandbreite von Modalitäten untersucht werden.

Bewertung

Obwohl die Gallenblase einfach mittels Ultraschall untersucht werden kann, ist in manchen Fällen nur eine umfangreichere Ultraschalluntersuchung und in anderen Fällen nur eine Kombination aus mehreren Modalitäten diagnostisch zielführend. Weitere Entwicklungen in der Technik und im Untersuchungsablauf sind zu erwarten.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

Der Ultraschall die beste primäre Untersuchungsmodalität. Bei nicht eindeutigen Befunden und Komplikationen ist eine CT oder MRT empfohlen.

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Differenzialdiagnose von Befunden an der Gallenblase

Zusammenfassung

Klinisches Problem

Mit der Fragestellung der Cholezystitis und der Cholezystolithiasis gehört die Gallenblase zu den am häufigsten bildgebend untersuchten Organen.

Radiologische Standardverfahren

Bei nahezu allen Fragestellungen zur Gallenblase ist der Ultraschall aufgrund der guten Verfügbarkeit, Schnelligkeit und der überlegenen räumlichen Auflösung die primäre bildgebende Modalität. Bei unklaren Befunden oder möglichen Komplikationen werden die Computertomographie (CT) und die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) eingesetzt.

Methodische Innovationen

Für spezifische Fragestellung können diese Modalitäten um spezielle Techniken wie die Kontrastmittelsonographie, Dual-Energy-CT-Technik und spezifische MR-Sequenzen erweitert werden.

Leistungsfähigkeit

Sonderformen der Cholezystitis wie die Adenomyomatose und die xanthogranulomatöse Cholezystitis stellen eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar, da sie anderen Erkrankungen ähneln können. Komplikationen der Cholezystolithiasis wie das Mirizzi-Syndrom und der Gallensteinileus können die Abklärung erschweren, da es dabei zu einer Änderung der Lokalisation der Ätiologie und der Symptome kommen kann. Neoplasien wie das Gallenblasenkarzinom und andere Malignome müssen mit Hilfe einer größeren Bandbreite von Modalitäten untersucht werden.

Bewertung

Obwohl die Gallenblase einfach mittels Ultraschall untersucht werden kann, ist in manchen Fällen nur eine umfangreichere Ultraschalluntersuchung und in anderen Fällen nur eine Kombination aus mehreren Modalitäten diagnostisch zielführend. Weitere Entwicklungen in der Technik und im Untersuchungsablauf sind zu erwarten.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

Der Ultraschall die beste primäre Untersuchungsmodalität. Bei nicht eindeutigen Befunden und Komplikationen ist eine CT oder MRT empfohlen.

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Socio‐economic inequality in oral health in childhood to young adulthood, despite full dental coverage

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to assess differences in caries experience according to socio‐economic status (SES) in a health‐care system with full coverage of dental costs for children up to the age of 18 yr. In 2011 and 2014, by performing hurdle negative binomial models, we obtained data on 3,022 children and young adults aged 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, and 23 yr, living in four cities in the Netherlands. At all ages between 5 and 23 yr, the percentages of children with caries‐free dentitions were lower and mean caries experience were higher in low‐SES than in high‐SES participants. In 5‐yr‐old children with dmft > 0, mean caries experience was 3.6 in those with low SES and 2.3 in those with high SES. In 23‐yr‐old participants, these estimates were 6.8 and 4.4, respectively (P < 0.05). Low‐SES children have a greater risk of more caries experience than high‐SES children. Thus, in a system with full free paediatric dental coverage, socio‐economic inequality in caries experience still exists. Dental health professionals, well‐child care doctors and nurses, general practitioners, and elementary school teachers should collaborate to promote oral health at the community level, with specific targeting of low‐SES families. We further need policy measures to curtail, at community level, the increasing availability and consumption of highly processed, carbohydrate‐rich foods, with particular attention for low‐SES families.

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Genome‐wide DNA‐methylation profiles in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on titanium surfaces

The characteristics of titanium (Ti) have been shown to influence dental implant fixation. Treatment of surfaces using the sandblasted, large‐grit, acid‐etched (SLA) method is widely used to provide effective osseointegration. However, the DNA methylation‐associated mechanism by which SLA surface treatment affects osseointegration of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) remains elusive. Genome‐wide methylation profiling of hBMSCs on SLA‐treated and machined smooth Ti was performed using Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip at day 7 of osteogenic induction. In total, 2,846 CpG sites were differentially methylated in the SLA group compared with the machined group. Of these sites, 1,651 (covering 1,066 genes) were significantly hypermethylated and 1,195 (covering 775 genes) were significantly hypomethylated. Thirty significant enrichment pathways were observed, with Wnt signaling being the most significant. mRNA expression was identified by microarray and combined with DNA‐methylation profiles. Thirty‐seven genes displayed negative association between mRNA expression and DNA‐methylation level, with the osteogenesis‐related genes insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and carboxypeptidase X, M14 Family Member 2 (CPXM2) showing significant up‐regulation and down‐regulation, respectively. In summary, our results demonstrate differences between SLA‐treated and machined surfaces in their effects on genome‐wide DNA methylation and enrichment of osteogenic pathways in hBMSCs. We provide novel insights into genes and pathways affected by SLA treatment in hBMSCs at the molecular level.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2GBL0X0

Socio‐economic inequality in oral health in childhood to young adulthood, despite full dental coverage

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to assess differences in caries experience according to socio‐economic status (SES) in a health‐care system with full coverage of dental costs for children up to the age of 18 yr. In 2011 and 2014, by performing hurdle negative binomial models, we obtained data on 3,022 children and young adults aged 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, and 23 yr, living in four cities in the Netherlands. At all ages between 5 and 23 yr, the percentages of children with caries‐free dentitions were lower and mean caries experience were higher in low‐SES than in high‐SES participants. In 5‐yr‐old children with dmft > 0, mean caries experience was 3.6 in those with low SES and 2.3 in those with high SES. In 23‐yr‐old participants, these estimates were 6.8 and 4.4, respectively (P < 0.05). Low‐SES children have a greater risk of more caries experience than high‐SES children. Thus, in a system with full free paediatric dental coverage, socio‐economic inequality in caries experience still exists. Dental health professionals, well‐child care doctors and nurses, general practitioners, and elementary school teachers should collaborate to promote oral health at the community level, with specific targeting of low‐SES families. We further need policy measures to curtail, at community level, the increasing availability and consumption of highly processed, carbohydrate‐rich foods, with particular attention for low‐SES families.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Nl5HXr

Genome‐wide DNA‐methylation profiles in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on titanium surfaces

The characteristics of titanium (Ti) have been shown to influence dental implant fixation. Treatment of surfaces using the sandblasted, large‐grit, acid‐etched (SLA) method is widely used to provide effective osseointegration. However, the DNA methylation‐associated mechanism by which SLA surface treatment affects osseointegration of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) remains elusive. Genome‐wide methylation profiling of hBMSCs on SLA‐treated and machined smooth Ti was performed using Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip at day 7 of osteogenic induction. In total, 2,846 CpG sites were differentially methylated in the SLA group compared with the machined group. Of these sites, 1,651 (covering 1,066 genes) were significantly hypermethylated and 1,195 (covering 775 genes) were significantly hypomethylated. Thirty significant enrichment pathways were observed, with Wnt signaling being the most significant. mRNA expression was identified by microarray and combined with DNA‐methylation profiles. Thirty‐seven genes displayed negative association between mRNA expression and DNA‐methylation level, with the osteogenesis‐related genes insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and carboxypeptidase X, M14 Family Member 2 (CPXM2) showing significant up‐regulation and down‐regulation, respectively. In summary, our results demonstrate differences between SLA‐treated and machined surfaces in their effects on genome‐wide DNA methylation and enrichment of osteogenic pathways in hBMSCs. We provide novel insights into genes and pathways affected by SLA treatment in hBMSCs at the molecular level.

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The contribution of Tony Frew (1955‐2018) to our understanding of Late‐Phase Allergic Reactions

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The contribution of Tony Frew (1955‐2018) to our understanding of Late‐Phase Allergic Reactions

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One- and two-photon absorption properties of quadrupolar thiophene-based dyes with acceptors of varying strength

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C9PP00006B, Paper

Sofia Canola, Lorenzo Mardegan, Giacomo Bergamini, Marco Villa, Angela Acocella, Mattia Zangoli, Luca Ravotto, Sergei A Vinogradov, Francesca Di Maria, Paola Ceroni, Fabrizia Negri
The one-photon (1P) and two-photon (2P) absorption properties of three quadrupolar dyes, featuring thiophene as donor and acceptors of varying strength, are determined by a combination of experimental and computational...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

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A systematic review of epinephrine stability and sterility with storage in a syringe

Epinephrine is a lifesaving medication in the treatment of anaphylaxis. Epinephrine auto-injectors are the preferred method of epinephrine administration, but are not universally available or affordable. Littl...

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Acquired cow’s milk sensitization after liver transplant in an adult: “clinical implications” and future strategies

Identifying the mechanisms responsible for the development of food allergy in liver transplant recipients is more complex as there are several different clinical scenarios related to the immunological function...

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One- and two-photon absorption properties of quadrupolar thiophene-based dyes with acceptors of varying strength

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C9PP00006B, Paper

Sofia Canola, Lorenzo Mardegan, Giacomo Bergamini, Marco Villa, Angela Acocella, Mattia Zangoli, Luca Ravotto, Sergei A Vinogradov, Francesca Di Maria, Paola Ceroni, Fabrizia Negri
The one-photon (1P) and two-photon (2P) absorption properties of three quadrupolar dyes, featuring thiophene as donor and acceptors of varying strength, are determined by a combination of experimental and computational...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Ire3y7

A systematic review of epinephrine stability and sterility with storage in a syringe

Epinephrine is a lifesaving medication in the treatment of anaphylaxis. Epinephrine auto-injectors are the preferred method of epinephrine administration, but are not universally available or affordable. Littl...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2XhLFBK

Acquired cow’s milk sensitization after liver transplant in an adult: “clinical implications” and future strategies

Identifying the mechanisms responsible for the development of food allergy in liver transplant recipients is more complex as there are several different clinical scenarios related to the immunological function...

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A Paradigm Shift in the Management of Cherubism? A preliminary report using Imatinib

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): Pat Ricalde, Imran Ahson, Samantha T. Schaefer

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A Paradigm Shift in the Management of Cherubism? A preliminary report using Imatinib

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): Pat Ricalde, Imran Ahson, Samantha T. Schaefer

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Are Grains to Blame for That Rash Too?

Grains can play havoc with your skin. The prolamin proteins, such as gliadin,  trigger autoimmune skin reactions and turn antibodies against the skin enzymes, their lectins fan the fires of inflammation, their proteins provoke allergies, and their amylopectins send blood sugar and insulin sky-high and provoke the skin-disrupting hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF). The whole grain package adds up to an impressive collection of skin conditions that can take a variety of forms, from simple red, itchy rashes to scaly, oily raised patches to large vesicles to gangrene. Because hair and nails are also considered part of the integumentary system, they, too, can be involved. ACNE – Acne is a nearly universal problem in modern teenagers and adults. It is believed that acne is pr...

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Could that rash be from wheat?

Grains can play havoc with your skin. The prolamin proteins, such as gliadin,  trigger autoimmune skin reactions and turn antibodies against the skin enzymes, their lectins fan the fires of inflammation, their proteins provoke allergies, and their amylopectins send blood sugar and insulin sky-high and provoke the skin-disrupting hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF). The whole grain package adds up to an impressive collection of skin conditions that can take a variety of forms, from simple red, itchy rashes to scaly, oily raised patches to large vesicles to gangrene. Because hair and nails are also considered part of the integumentary system, they, too, can be involved. ACNE – Acne is a nearly universal problem in modern teenagers and adults. It is believed that acne is pr...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2SRphAD

Are Grains to Blame for That Rash Too?

Grains can play havoc with your skin. The prolamin proteins, such as gliadin,  trigger autoimmune skin reactions and turn antibodies against the skin enzymes, their lectins fan the fires of inflammation, their proteins provoke allergies, and their amylopectins send blood sugar and insulin sky-high and provoke the skin-disrupting hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF). The whole grain package adds up to an impressive collection of skin conditions that can take a variety of forms, from simple red, itchy rashes to scaly, oily raised patches to large vesicles to gangrene. Because hair and nails are also considered part of the integumentary system, they, too, can be involved. ACNE – Acne is a nearly universal problem in modern teenagers and adults. It is believed that acne is pr...

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2DY7Unz

Could that rash be from wheat?

Grains can play havoc with your skin. The prolamin proteins, such as gliadin,  trigger autoimmune skin reactions and turn antibodies against the skin enzymes, their lectins fan the fires of inflammation, their proteins provoke allergies, and their amylopectins send blood sugar and insulin sky-high and provoke the skin-disrupting hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF). The whole grain package adds up to an impressive collection of skin conditions that can take a variety of forms, from simple red, itchy rashes to scaly, oily raised patches to large vesicles to gangrene. Because hair and nails are also considered part of the integumentary system, they, too, can be involved. ACNE – Acne is a nearly universal problem in modern teenagers and adults. It is believed that acne is pr...

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Editorial Board

Publication date: March 2019

Source: Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 99

Author(s):

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Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulates monocyte adhesion to and transmigration through endothelial cells

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Qianting Wang, Lei Zhao, Chunmei Xu, Jieyu Zhou, Yafei Wu

Abstract

Objective

Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is an important pathogen in periodontitis. Previous studies have demonstrated its ability to spread via haematogenesis and modulate host immune responses. However, little is known regarding its effect on endothelial cells (ECs) and leukocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of F. nucleatum on monocyte attachment and transmigration through ECs.

Design

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human leukemic monocyte (THP-1) cells were infected with F. nucleatum and assessed for monocyte adhesion, transendothelial migration, and HUVEC proliferation/apoptosis. Real-time PCR, western blotting and ELISA were performed to assess the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and chemokines in both cells.

Results

F. nucleatum challenge significantly induced THP-1 cell adhesion and transmigration and markedly impaired cell proliferation and apoptosis in HUVECs. A parallel increase in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin expression in HUVECs and an upregulation of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in both HUVECs and THP-1 cells were observed. The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B was also enhanced in HUVECs and THP-1 cells upon F. nucleatum infection.

Conclusions

F. nucleatum triggers an inflammatory response against infection in cells and promotes the recruitment and transmigration of monocytes through ECs.

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Effects of two fast-setting pulp-capping materials on cell viability and osteogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells: An in vitro study

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Yan Sun, Jun Liu, Tao Luo, Ya Shen, Ling Zou

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two fast-setting pulp-capping materials, Biodentine (BD) and iRoot Fast Set (FS) root repair material, on the attachment, viability, migration, and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Methods

A comparative study was conducted between BD and FS material disks. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were used to observe the attachment of hDPSCs on the disks. A live/dead assay was used to assess the cell viability. Transwell assay was performed to study cell migration. Cell differentiation was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the analysis of osteogenic differentiation gene expression: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL1) and osteocalcin (OCN).

Results

SEM images indicated that hDPSCs showed a well-spreading morphology on both BD and FS disks. FS significantly increased the proliferation and migration of hDPSCs on day 7 (P＜0.05). Neither BD nor FS promoted the expression of osteogenic genes during the observation period.

Conclusions

BD and FS both were beneficial to hDPSC attachment, and they had similar effects on cell osteogenic differentiation, whereas FS performed better than BD on hDPSCs proliferation and migration.

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Editorial Board

Publication date: March 2019

Source: Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 99

Author(s):

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2GCyd6m

Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulates monocyte adhesion to and transmigration through endothelial cells

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Qianting Wang, Lei Zhao, Chunmei Xu, Jieyu Zhou, Yafei Wu

Abstract

Objective

Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is an important pathogen in periodontitis. Previous studies have demonstrated its ability to spread via haematogenesis and modulate host immune responses. However, little is known regarding its effect on endothelial cells (ECs) and leukocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of F. nucleatum on monocyte attachment and transmigration through ECs.

Design

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human leukemic monocyte (THP-1) cells were infected with F. nucleatum and assessed for monocyte adhesion, transendothelial migration, and HUVEC proliferation/apoptosis. Real-time PCR, western blotting and ELISA were performed to assess the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and chemokines in both cells.

Results

F. nucleatum challenge significantly induced THP-1 cell adhesion and transmigration and markedly impaired cell proliferation and apoptosis in HUVECs. A parallel increase in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin expression in HUVECs and an upregulation of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in both HUVECs and THP-1 cells were observed. The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B was also enhanced in HUVECs and THP-1 cells upon F. nucleatum infection.

Conclusions

F. nucleatum triggers an inflammatory response against infection in cells and promotes the recruitment and transmigration of monocytes through ECs.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2NmjSvK

Effects of two fast-setting pulp-capping materials on cell viability and osteogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells: An in vitro study

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Yan Sun, Jun Liu, Tao Luo, Ya Shen, Ling Zou

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two fast-setting pulp-capping materials, Biodentine (BD) and iRoot Fast Set (FS) root repair material, on the attachment, viability, migration, and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Methods

A comparative study was conducted between BD and FS material disks. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were used to observe the attachment of hDPSCs on the disks. A live/dead assay was used to assess the cell viability. Transwell assay was performed to study cell migration. Cell differentiation was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the analysis of osteogenic differentiation gene expression: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL1) and osteocalcin (OCN).

Results

SEM images indicated that hDPSCs showed a well-spreading morphology on both BD and FS disks. FS significantly increased the proliferation and migration of hDPSCs on day 7 (P＜0.05). Neither BD nor FS promoted the expression of osteogenic genes during the observation period.

Conclusions

BD and FS both were beneficial to hDPSC attachment, and they had similar effects on cell osteogenic differentiation, whereas FS performed better than BD on hDPSCs proliferation and migration.

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Understanding Personalities and Not Just Skills in Radiology

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology

Author(s): Sherry S. Wang

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Differences of tumor-recruiting myeloid cells in murine squamous cell carcinoma influence the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with a TLR7 agonist and PD-L1 blockade

Publication date: April 2019

Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 91

Author(s): Hidetake Tachinami, Naoto Nishii, Yulong Xia, Yoshihisa Kashima, Tatsukuni Ohno, Shigenori Nagai, Lixin Li, Walter Lau, Kei Tomihara, Makoto Noguchi, Miyuki Azuma

Abstract

Objectives

The immune status of the tumor microenvironment has a marked impact on clinical outcomes. Here we examined the immune environments of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILes) in two murine models of squamous cell carcinoma and compared the effects of immunotherapeutic agents, including a TLR7 agonist and an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and a chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine, in these models.

Materials and methods

TILes from NR-S1- and SCCVII-grafted mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. NR-S1-inoculated mice received resiquimod (a synthetic TLR7 agonist), an anti-PD-L1 antibody, or both, and tumor growth and TILs were examined. Gemcitabine was administered to deplete CD11b⁺ cells.

Results

More than 50% of TILes from NR-S1- and SCCVII-inoculated mice were CD11b⁺Gr-1⁺ cells. A major fraction of NR-S1 CD11b⁺ cells was Ly6G^highLy6C^low-negaF4/80⁻ tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and the majority of SCCVII CD11b⁺ cells were Ly6G^lowLy6C⁻F4/80⁺ tumor-associated macrophages. NR-S1 TANs did not express MHC class II and CD86, but did express reactive oxygen species and PD-L1. Resiquimod, alone and in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody, did not regress NR-S1 tumors, but the combination increased the CD8/regulatory T cell-ratio, and IFN-γ and PD-1 expression in CD8⁺ TILes. Pre-administration of low-dose gemcitabine prior to the combination treatment suppressed the progression of NR-S1 tumors.

Conclusions

NR-S1 tumors with abundant recruitment of TANs were resistant to treatments with a TLR7 agonist, alone and in combination with PD-1 blockade, and required an additional gemcitabine treatment. The phenotype and status of tumor-infiltrating CD11b⁺ myeloid cells may influence the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents.

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Understanding Personalities and Not Just Skills in Radiology

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology

Author(s): Sherry S. Wang

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Differences of tumor-recruiting myeloid cells in murine squamous cell carcinoma influence the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with a TLR7 agonist and PD-L1 blockade

Publication date: April 2019

Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 91

Author(s): Hidetake Tachinami, Naoto Nishii, Yulong Xia, Yoshihisa Kashima, Tatsukuni Ohno, Shigenori Nagai, Lixin Li, Walter Lau, Kei Tomihara, Makoto Noguchi, Miyuki Azuma

Abstract

Objectives

The immune status of the tumor microenvironment has a marked impact on clinical outcomes. Here we examined the immune environments of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILes) in two murine models of squamous cell carcinoma and compared the effects of immunotherapeutic agents, including a TLR7 agonist and an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and a chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine, in these models.

Materials and methods

TILes from NR-S1- and SCCVII-grafted mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. NR-S1-inoculated mice received resiquimod (a synthetic TLR7 agonist), an anti-PD-L1 antibody, or both, and tumor growth and TILs were examined. Gemcitabine was administered to deplete CD11b⁺ cells.

Results

More than 50% of TILes from NR-S1- and SCCVII-inoculated mice were CD11b⁺Gr-1⁺ cells. A major fraction of NR-S1 CD11b⁺ cells was Ly6G^highLy6C^low-negaF4/80⁻ tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and the majority of SCCVII CD11b⁺ cells were Ly6G^lowLy6C⁻F4/80⁺ tumor-associated macrophages. NR-S1 TANs did not express MHC class II and CD86, but did express reactive oxygen species and PD-L1. Resiquimod, alone and in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody, did not regress NR-S1 tumors, but the combination increased the CD8/regulatory T cell-ratio, and IFN-γ and PD-1 expression in CD8⁺ TILes. Pre-administration of low-dose gemcitabine prior to the combination treatment suppressed the progression of NR-S1 tumors.

Conclusions

NR-S1 tumors with abundant recruitment of TANs were resistant to treatments with a TLR7 agonist, alone and in combination with PD-1 blockade, and required an additional gemcitabine treatment. The phenotype and status of tumor-infiltrating CD11b⁺ myeloid cells may influence the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents.

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CO2 Laser Supraglottic Resurfacing for Non-Granulomatous Chronic Supraglottitis in Two Children

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Matthew M. Smith, Johanna Nokso-Koivisto, Brittany A. Leader, Lyndy J. Wilcox, Michael J. Rutter

Abstract

Chronic epiglottitis and supraglottitis are clinical entities that present with respiratory distress and are primarily associated with autoimmune disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or angioedema. First described in adults with sarcoidosis in 2010, CO2 laser epiglottis resurfacing has been effective in reducing epiglottic edema. We present two cases of adolescent males with non-granulomatous chronic supraglottitis who were successfully treated with CO2 laser supraglottic resurfacing.

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Title: Tertiary Hospital Retrospective Observational Audit of Tonsillectomy

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Hannah Ng, Eugene Wong, John Curotta, Susan Trapani, Alan T. Cheng

Abstract

Objectives

Tertiary hospitals see a wide array of complex paediatric patients requiring the procedure of tonsillectomy to alleviate airway symptoms. To investigate the implications of patient-specific factors on postoperative morbidities and hospital stay length, including the role of BMI and AH as predictors for airway complications following surgery.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients presenting at The Children's Hospital at Westmead for routine tonsillectomy between July 2010 and July 2014.

Results

Of 500 charts, 420 patients met inclusion criteria. 155 (37%) patients had a pre-existing comorbidity. Polysomnogram (PSG) was conducted prior to surgery (n=129). BMI results showed a mean BMI of 20.0, n=25 were overweight, n=70 were obese and n=11 underweight. 84 patients (20%) experienced a postoperative complication/unexpected morbidity. There were no returns to theatre and no mortality. 24 patients had more than one complication. Complication rate was highest in the patients <2 years of age. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of desaturation related complications between obese and non-obese groups p=0.00480. There was statistically significant difference in length of hospital stay between the two groups. 16% of children with co-morbidities stayed for >2 nights in hospital (25/155) compared to 7.5% of children without co-morbidities p=0.00607. 9% of children with co-morbidities stayed for 3 nights in hospital (14/155) compared to patients without co-morbidities (6/256), p= 0.00167.

Conclusions

This audit confirms the impact of age, obesity and certain co-morbidities on the potential costs to the hospital in managing complications and length of stay after surgery.

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Modelling the dispersion of radionuclides in dust from a landform covered by low uranium grade waste rock

Publication date: June 2019

Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 202

Author(s): Che Doering, Scott A. McMaster, Mathew P. Johansen

Abstract

The dispersion of radionuclides in dust and inhalation dose rates to the public from the planned remediation of the Ranger uranium mine in the wet-dry tropics of Australia was modelled using RESRAD-OFFSITE. Dust inhalation dose rates were predicted to be highest on the remediated site and decrease with an approximate inverse square to inverse cubic dependence with distance from the site. The annual dose above natural background to a hypothetical individual permanently occupying the remediated site (representing the worst case scenario for radionuclide in dust exposure) was estimated to be 5.3 × 10⁻³ mSv. The estimated doses from exposure to radionuclides in dust were two to three orders of magnitude lower than those from exposure to ²²²Rn. A sensitivity analysis showed that source-related and receptor-related model parameters had direct proportional influences on dust inhalation dose rates. Four transport-related model parameters (atmospheric stability class, deposition velocity of particulates, precipitation and wind speed) were also influential and generally had an increasing influence with distance from the source. The results of this study may provide general guidance to similar sites elsewhere on the relative importance of dust versus gaseous ²²²Rn transport pathways and the relative influence of dispersion modelling parameters on predicted exposures and doses.

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B cell-intrinsic requirement for STK4 in humoral immunity in mice and humans

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Imogen Moran, Danielle T. Avery, Kathryn Payne, Helen Lenthall, E.Graham Davies, Siobhan Burns, Winnie Ip, Matÿfffedas M. Oleastro, Ismail Reisli, Sukru Guner, Sevgi Keles, Luigi Notarangelo, Elissa K. Deenick, Christopher C. Goodnow, David Zahra, Robert Brink, CIRCA, Melanie Wong, Stuart G. Tangye, Cindy S. Ma, Tri Giang Phan

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Lymphoproliferative Disease in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Analysis of the French Registry of Primary Immunodeficiencies

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Morgane Cheminant, Nizar Mahlaoui, Céline Desconclois, Danielle Canioni, Loïc Ysebaert, Loïc Dupré, Zilton Vasconcelos, Marion Malphettes, Despina Moshous, Bénédicte Neven, Pierre-Simon Rohrlich, Marc Bernard, Yves Bertrand, Alain Fischer, Felipe Suarez

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CO2 Laser Supraglottic Resurfacing for Non-Granulomatous Chronic Supraglottitis in Two Children

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Matthew M. Smith, Johanna Nokso-Koivisto, Brittany A. Leader, Lyndy J. Wilcox, Michael J. Rutter

Abstract

Chronic epiglottitis and supraglottitis are clinical entities that present with respiratory distress and are primarily associated with autoimmune disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or angioedema. First described in adults with sarcoidosis in 2010, CO2 laser epiglottis resurfacing has been effective in reducing epiglottic edema. We present two cases of adolescent males with non-granulomatous chronic supraglottitis who were successfully treated with CO2 laser supraglottic resurfacing.

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Title: Tertiary Hospital Retrospective Observational Audit of Tonsillectomy

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Hannah Ng, Eugene Wong, John Curotta, Susan Trapani, Alan T. Cheng

Abstract

Objectives

Tertiary hospitals see a wide array of complex paediatric patients requiring the procedure of tonsillectomy to alleviate airway symptoms. To investigate the implications of patient-specific factors on postoperative morbidities and hospital stay length, including the role of BMI and AH as predictors for airway complications following surgery.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients presenting at The Children's Hospital at Westmead for routine tonsillectomy between July 2010 and July 2014.

Results

Of 500 charts, 420 patients met inclusion criteria. 155 (37%) patients had a pre-existing comorbidity. Polysomnogram (PSG) was conducted prior to surgery (n=129). BMI results showed a mean BMI of 20.0, n=25 were overweight, n=70 were obese and n=11 underweight. 84 patients (20%) experienced a postoperative complication/unexpected morbidity. There were no returns to theatre and no mortality. 24 patients had more than one complication. Complication rate was highest in the patients <2 years of age. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of desaturation related complications between obese and non-obese groups p=0.00480. There was statistically significant difference in length of hospital stay between the two groups. 16% of children with co-morbidities stayed for >2 nights in hospital (25/155) compared to 7.5% of children without co-morbidities p=0.00607. 9% of children with co-morbidities stayed for 3 nights in hospital (14/155) compared to patients without co-morbidities (6/256), p= 0.00167.

Conclusions

This audit confirms the impact of age, obesity and certain co-morbidities on the potential costs to the hospital in managing complications and length of stay after surgery.

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Modelling the dispersion of radionuclides in dust from a landform covered by low uranium grade waste rock

Publication date: June 2019

Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 202

Author(s): Che Doering, Scott A. McMaster, Mathew P. Johansen

Abstract

The dispersion of radionuclides in dust and inhalation dose rates to the public from the planned remediation of the Ranger uranium mine in the wet-dry tropics of Australia was modelled using RESRAD-OFFSITE. Dust inhalation dose rates were predicted to be highest on the remediated site and decrease with an approximate inverse square to inverse cubic dependence with distance from the site. The annual dose above natural background to a hypothetical individual permanently occupying the remediated site (representing the worst case scenario for radionuclide in dust exposure) was estimated to be 5.3 × 10⁻³ mSv. The estimated doses from exposure to radionuclides in dust were two to three orders of magnitude lower than those from exposure to ²²²Rn. A sensitivity analysis showed that source-related and receptor-related model parameters had direct proportional influences on dust inhalation dose rates. Four transport-related model parameters (atmospheric stability class, deposition velocity of particulates, precipitation and wind speed) were also influential and generally had an increasing influence with distance from the source. The results of this study may provide general guidance to similar sites elsewhere on the relative importance of dust versus gaseous ²²²Rn transport pathways and the relative influence of dispersion modelling parameters on predicted exposures and doses.

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B cell-intrinsic requirement for STK4 in humoral immunity in mice and humans

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Imogen Moran, Danielle T. Avery, Kathryn Payne, Helen Lenthall, E.Graham Davies, Siobhan Burns, Winnie Ip, Matÿfffedas M. Oleastro, Ismail Reisli, Sukru Guner, Sevgi Keles, Luigi Notarangelo, Elissa K. Deenick, Christopher C. Goodnow, David Zahra, Robert Brink, CIRCA, Melanie Wong, Stuart G. Tangye, Cindy S. Ma, Tri Giang Phan

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Lymphoproliferative Disease in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Analysis of the French Registry of Primary Immunodeficiencies

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Morgane Cheminant, Nizar Mahlaoui, Céline Desconclois, Danielle Canioni, Loïc Ysebaert, Loïc Dupré, Zilton Vasconcelos, Marion Malphettes, Despina Moshous, Bénédicte Neven, Pierre-Simon Rohrlich, Marc Bernard, Yves Bertrand, Alain Fischer, Felipe Suarez

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Endoskopische Interventionen an den Gallenwegen

Zusammenfassung

Endoskopische Interventionen am Gallengang sind definiert durch die Beseitigung eines Abflusshindernisses, wie bei der Choledocholithiasis, oder die Optimierung des Galleflusses durch Drainageverfahren mittels Stents. Ist die ausschließlich diagnostische endoskopisch retrograde Cholangiographie (ERC) mittlerweile obsolet, so stellt aufgrund des minimal-invasiven Ansatzes bei entsprechender Indikation die therapeutische ERC die Methode der Wahl zur Intervention dar. Bei fehlender Möglichkeit eines Zugangs in das Gallengangsystem über die Papille bieten neuerdings für den geübten Endoskopiker endosonographisch gesteuerte Verfahren eine sinnvolle Alternative.

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Expecting the Unexpected: Complement screening in the meningococcal vaccination era

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Priscilla H. Wong, Rachel U. Lee

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Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adults with Primary Immunodeficiencies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Dmitrii Peshko, Ekaterina Titova, Ilya Korsunskiy, Elena Kondrikova, Federica Pulvirenti, Isabella Quinti, Oleg Blyuss, Audrey Dunn Galvin, Daniel Munblit

Background

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) is a group of diseases that has been found to have an adverse impact on Quality of Life (QoL) and health related quality of life (HRQL).

Objective

To systematically assess available evidence on PID patients HRQL.

Methods

We performed a literature search of all studies reporting HRQL assessments in patients with PID published in English from inception to 11 April 2017 using MEDLINE and EMBASE.

Results

Out of 1699 articles, 37 met the inclusion criteria. HRQL was assessed by using a variety of generic instruments. CHQ-PF50 and SF-36 were the most frequently used (for children and adults, respectively). No PID-specific HRQL instruments were used for children.

HRQL is significantly lower in PID adults (mean score difference −24.46, 95%CI, −34.57; −14.34) and children (−10.06, −12.95; −7.17) compared to the reference population and lower than in patients with other chronic conditions. There is a general agreement between child- and parent-reported data, although parents report child school-related HRQL as more impaired than children (6.19, 0.38; 11.99). Most studies were of low to moderate quality and had methodological limitations.

Conclusion

Available evidence suggests that PID patients have a lower HRQL than healthy individuals and patients with other chronic conditions, including diabetes mellitus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. No disease-specific instruments are available for children and few options are available for adults. This finding highlights the need for developing PID-specific instruments which would allow for a more sensitive evaluation of PID impact on patient health and psychological wellbeing, school/work and social activities.

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Anaphylaxis to Quinolones in Mastocytosis: Hypothesis on the Mechanism

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Pedro Giavina-Bianchi, Danilo Gois Gonçalves, Andressa Zanandréa, Raísa Borges de Castro, Laila Sabino Garro, Jorge Kalil, Mariana Castells

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Autosomal dominant Hyper IgE syndrome is associated with appearance of infections early in life and/or neonatal rash: evidence from the Italian cohort of 61 patients with elevated IgE.

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Tiziana Lorenzini, Mauro Giacomelli, Omar Scomodon, Manuela Cortesi, Vanessa Rivellini, Laura Dotta, Annarosa Soresina, Rosa Maria Dellepiane, Maria Carrabba, Fausto Cossu, Caterina Cancrini, Fernando Specchia, Giuliana Giardino, Claudio Pignata, Alessandro Plebani, Maria Cristina Pietrogrande, Raffaele Badolato

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Facilitators and Barriers to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Incentive Use: Findings From a Clinic Intervention for Low-Income Patients

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Alicia J. Cohen, Kelsie E. Oatmen, Michele Heisler, Oran B. Hesterman, Ellen C. Murphy, Suzanna M. Zick, Caroline R. Richardson

Introduction

Healthy food incentives matching Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits spent on fruits and vegetables subsidize increased produce consumption among low-income individuals at risk for food insecurity and diet-related disease. Yet many eligible participants do not use these incentives, in part because of limited awareness. This study examined the acceptability and impact of a primary care–based informational intervention on facilitators and barriers to use of the statewide SNAP incentive program Double Up Food Bucks.

Methods

Focus groups (n=5) were conducted April–June 2015 among a purposive sample (n=26) of SNAP-enrolled adults from a Michigan health clinic serving low-income patients. All had participated in a waiting room-based informational intervention about Double Up Food Bucks; none had used Double Up Food Bucks before the intervention. Groups were stratified by Double Up Food Bucks use/non-use during the 6-month intervention period. Results were analyzed in 2016–2017 through an iterative content analysis process.

Results

Participants reported the waiting room intervention was acceptable and a key facilitator of first-time Double Up Food Bucks use. Motivators for Double Up Food Bucks use included (1) eating more healthfully, (2) stretching SNAP benefits, (3) higher-quality produce at markets, and (4) unique market environments. Remaining barriers included (1) lack of transportation, (2) limited market locations/hours, and (3) persistent confusion among a small number of participants regarding incentive use.

Conclusions

Low-income patients who received an informational intervention about Double Up Food Bucks reported numerous benefits from participation. Yet barriers remained for a subset of patients. Improving geographic accessibility and ease of SNAP incentive redemption may further improve dietary quality and food security among vulnerable populations.

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Colorectal and Breast Cancer Screening Status for People in Ontario Provincial Correctional Facilities

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Andres McConnon, Kinwah Fung, Aisha Lofters, Stephen W. Hwang, Fiona G. Kouyoumdjian

Introduction

Primary care represents an opportunity to improve health for people who experience imprisonment, and screening for colorectal and breast cancer indicate primary care quality. The study objectives were to examine the proportion of people released from provincial correctional facilities who were overdue for colorectal or breast cancer screening on admission to the correctional facility and who were still overdue after 3 years, and to compare findings with data for the general population.

Methods

Administrative data were used to identify people eligible for colorectal and breast cancer screening who were released from provincial correctional facilities in 2010 (N=3,803 and N=249, respectively) and in the general population (N=2,757,584 and N=1,099,942, respectively) in Ontario, Canada. Chi-square tests and log binomial regression models were used to compare the proportion of individuals overdue for screening on admission or on July 1, 2010 for the general population, and still overdue after 3 years. Analyses were conducted in 2017 and 2018.

Results

Compared with the general population, people in the corrections group were 1.53 times (95% CI=1.50, 1.55) more likely to be overdue for colorectal cancer screening: 77.1% (95% CI=74.3, 79.9) vs 50.5% (95% CI=50.5, 50.6), and 2.25 times (95% CI=2.06, 2.46) more likely to be overdue for breast cancer screening: 65.9% (95% CI=56.2, 76.8) vs 29.3% (95% CI=29.2, 29.4, both p<0.001). They were also more likely to still be overdue 3 years later: 62.6% (95% CI=60.1, 65.2) vs 33.6% (95% CI=33.5, 33.6) for colorectal cancer and 52.2% (95% CI=43.6, 62.0) vs 20.2% (95% CI=20.1, 20.3) for breast cancer (both p<0.001).

Conclusions

People who experience imprisonment are less likely than the general population to access colorectal and breast cancer screening. This suggests the need to strengthen primary care for this population. Specifically, efforts should be made to improve access to colorectal and breast cancer screening, through health promotion, program delivery, and linkage to community services while in correctional facilities.

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Suicides Among Lesbian and Gay Male Individuals: Findings From the National Violent Death Reporting System

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Bridget H. Lyons, Mikel L. Walters, Shane P.D. Jack, Emiko Petrosky, Janet M. Blair, Asha Z. Ivey-Stephenson

Introduction

Information regarding the epidemiology of suicide among lesbian and gay male individuals is limited, and comprehensive information is needed. This study seeks to describe the characteristics and precipitating circumstances of suicide among lesbian and gay male decedents when compared with non-lesbian and non-gay male decedents.

Methods

An analysis was conducted of National Violent Death Reporting System data from 18 U.S. states for the years 2003–2014. Sociodemographic characteristics and precipitating circumstances of suicide among lesbian and gay male decedents were compared with non-lesbian and non-gay male decedents. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between precipitating circumstances and suicide by sexual orientation. The analysis was conducted in December 2017.

Results

There were a total of 123,289 suicide decedents from 18 states participating in National Violent Death Reporting System during 2003–2014; of those, 621 (0.5%) were identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. The majority of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender decedents were identified as gay male (53.9%), followed by lesbian (28.0%), transgender (10.4%), and bisexual (7.5%). The analysis revealed several differences by age, mechanism of injury, and precipitating circumstances, including intimate partner problems among lesbian decedents, suicide planning and intent for both lesbian and gay male decedents, and mental health problems among gay male decedents.

Conclusions

Findings highlight differences in the characteristics of suicide among lesbian and gay male and non-lesbian and non-gay male decedents. It is important for suicide prevention efforts to be culturally sensitive and consider the needs of sexual minority populations.

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Distracted Driving, Visual Inattention, and Crash Risk Among Teenage Drivers

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Pnina Gershon, Kellienne R. Sita, Chunming Zhu, Johnathon P. Ehsani, Sheila G. Klauer, Tom A. Dingus, Bruce G. Simons-Morton

Introduction

Distracted driving resulting from secondary task engagement is a major contributing factor to teenage drivers' crash risk. This study aims to determine the extent to which visual inattention while engaging in distracting secondary tasks contributes to teenage drivers' crash risk.

Methods

Real-world driving data were collected from a cohort of 82 newly licensed teenagers (average age 16.48 years, SD=0.33) recruited in Virginia. Participants' private vehicles were equipped with data acquisition systems that documented driving kinematics and miles driven, and made video recordings of the driver and driving environment. Data were collected from 2010 to 2014 and analyzed in 2017. The analysis of secondary task engagement was based on 6-second video segments from both crash and random samples of normal driving.

Results

Of a wide range of secondary tasks, only manual cellphone use (OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.1, 6.8) and reaching/handling objects while driving (OR=6.9, 95% CI=2.6, 18.6) were associated with increased crash risk. Drivers' duration of eyes off the road accounted for 41% of the crash risk associated with manual cellphone use and 10% of the risk associated with reaching/handling objects while driving.

Conclusions

Secondary tasks vary in the risk they introduce to the teenage driver. Manual cellphone use and reaching for objects were found to be associated with increased crash risk. These findings objectively quantify the effect of visual inattention resulting from distracting secondary tasks on teenage drivers' crash risk. Teenage drivers may benefit from technologic and behavioral interventions that will keep their eyes on the road at all times and discourage engagement in distracting secondary tasks.

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Cardiac magnetic resonance including parametric mapping in acute Takotsubo syndrome: Preliminary findings

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: European Journal of Radiology

Author(s): Darius Dabir, Julian Luetkens, Daniel L.R. Kuetting, Andreas Feisst, Alexander Isaak, Hans H. Schild, Daniel Thomas

Abstract

Introduction

T1 and T2 mapping have been shown to be reliable markers of interstitial myocardial fibrosis, edema, and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate myocardial involvement in acute phase Takotsubo syndrome using native and post-contrast T1 mapping, ECV fraction, and T2 mapping.

Material and methods

We investigated 14 patients with acute Takotsubo syndrome and 14 healthy controls. CMR included cine imaging, black-blood STIR imaging, early and late gadolinium enhancement imaging, native and post-contrast T1 mapping, and T2 mapping. Wall motion, T2 ratio, early gadolinium enhancement ratio, extracellular volume fraction, T1 and T2 relaxation times were analyzed.

Results

Patients had significantly impaired left ventricular function (46 ± 10%) and acute wall motion abnormalities compared with controls (62 ± 2%). Native T1 and T2 values, T2 ratio, and ECV fraction were significantly higher in patients compared with controls. In patients, native T1 and T2 values as well as T2 ratio were significantly higher in segments with abnormal wall motion compared with normokinetic segments. Native T1 values, T2 relaxation times, T2 ratio, and ECV fraction were significantly higher, post-contrast T1 relaxation times significantly lower in segments with abnormal wall motion compared with segments of controls; except for T2 ratio and post-contrast T1 relaxation times this also held true for patients' segments with normal wall motion.

Conclusions

Native T1 and T2 mapping, as well as ECV fraction, discriminate between visually affected vs. unaffected segments in patients with acute Takotsubo syndrome and reveal significant T1 and T2 tissue changes even in visually unaffected segments. Thus, mapping may allow for better detection in convalescent stages of disease and additionally may have the potential to serve as a marker of disease progress. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in a larger patient cohort.

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Endoskopische Interventionen an den Gallenwegen

Zusammenfassung

Endoskopische Interventionen am Gallengang sind definiert durch die Beseitigung eines Abflusshindernisses, wie bei der Choledocholithiasis, oder die Optimierung des Galleflusses durch Drainageverfahren mittels Stents. Ist die ausschließlich diagnostische endoskopisch retrograde Cholangiographie (ERC) mittlerweile obsolet, so stellt aufgrund des minimal-invasiven Ansatzes bei entsprechender Indikation die therapeutische ERC die Methode der Wahl zur Intervention dar. Bei fehlender Möglichkeit eines Zugangs in das Gallengangsystem über die Papille bieten neuerdings für den geübten Endoskopiker endosonographisch gesteuerte Verfahren eine sinnvolle Alternative.

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Expecting the Unexpected: Complement screening in the meningococcal vaccination era

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Priscilla H. Wong, Rachel U. Lee

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Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adults with Primary Immunodeficiencies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Dmitrii Peshko, Ekaterina Titova, Ilya Korsunskiy, Elena Kondrikova, Federica Pulvirenti, Isabella Quinti, Oleg Blyuss, Audrey Dunn Galvin, Daniel Munblit

Background

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) is a group of diseases that has been found to have an adverse impact on Quality of Life (QoL) and health related quality of life (HRQL).

Objective

To systematically assess available evidence on PID patients HRQL.

Methods

We performed a literature search of all studies reporting HRQL assessments in patients with PID published in English from inception to 11 April 2017 using MEDLINE and EMBASE.

Results

Out of 1699 articles, 37 met the inclusion criteria. HRQL was assessed by using a variety of generic instruments. CHQ-PF50 and SF-36 were the most frequently used (for children and adults, respectively). No PID-specific HRQL instruments were used for children.

HRQL is significantly lower in PID adults (mean score difference −24.46, 95%CI, −34.57; −14.34) and children (−10.06, −12.95; −7.17) compared to the reference population and lower than in patients with other chronic conditions. There is a general agreement between child- and parent-reported data, although parents report child school-related HRQL as more impaired than children (6.19, 0.38; 11.99). Most studies were of low to moderate quality and had methodological limitations.

Conclusion

Available evidence suggests that PID patients have a lower HRQL than healthy individuals and patients with other chronic conditions, including diabetes mellitus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. No disease-specific instruments are available for children and few options are available for adults. This finding highlights the need for developing PID-specific instruments which would allow for a more sensitive evaluation of PID impact on patient health and psychological wellbeing, school/work and social activities.

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Anaphylaxis to Quinolones in Mastocytosis: Hypothesis on the Mechanism

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Pedro Giavina-Bianchi, Danilo Gois Gonçalves, Andressa Zanandréa, Raísa Borges de Castro, Laila Sabino Garro, Jorge Kalil, Mariana Castells

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Autosomal dominant Hyper IgE syndrome is associated with appearance of infections early in life and/or neonatal rash: evidence from the Italian cohort of 61 patients with elevated IgE.

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): Tiziana Lorenzini, Mauro Giacomelli, Omar Scomodon, Manuela Cortesi, Vanessa Rivellini, Laura Dotta, Annarosa Soresina, Rosa Maria Dellepiane, Maria Carrabba, Fausto Cossu, Caterina Cancrini, Fernando Specchia, Giuliana Giardino, Claudio Pignata, Alessandro Plebani, Maria Cristina Pietrogrande, Raffaele Badolato

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Facilitators and Barriers to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Incentive Use: Findings From a Clinic Intervention for Low-Income Patients

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Alicia J. Cohen, Kelsie E. Oatmen, Michele Heisler, Oran B. Hesterman, Ellen C. Murphy, Suzanna M. Zick, Caroline R. Richardson

Introduction

Healthy food incentives matching Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits spent on fruits and vegetables subsidize increased produce consumption among low-income individuals at risk for food insecurity and diet-related disease. Yet many eligible participants do not use these incentives, in part because of limited awareness. This study examined the acceptability and impact of a primary care–based informational intervention on facilitators and barriers to use of the statewide SNAP incentive program Double Up Food Bucks.

Methods

Focus groups (n=5) were conducted April–June 2015 among a purposive sample (n=26) of SNAP-enrolled adults from a Michigan health clinic serving low-income patients. All had participated in a waiting room-based informational intervention about Double Up Food Bucks; none had used Double Up Food Bucks before the intervention. Groups were stratified by Double Up Food Bucks use/non-use during the 6-month intervention period. Results were analyzed in 2016–2017 through an iterative content analysis process.

Results

Participants reported the waiting room intervention was acceptable and a key facilitator of first-time Double Up Food Bucks use. Motivators for Double Up Food Bucks use included (1) eating more healthfully, (2) stretching SNAP benefits, (3) higher-quality produce at markets, and (4) unique market environments. Remaining barriers included (1) lack of transportation, (2) limited market locations/hours, and (3) persistent confusion among a small number of participants regarding incentive use.

Conclusions

Low-income patients who received an informational intervention about Double Up Food Bucks reported numerous benefits from participation. Yet barriers remained for a subset of patients. Improving geographic accessibility and ease of SNAP incentive redemption may further improve dietary quality and food security among vulnerable populations.

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Colorectal and Breast Cancer Screening Status for People in Ontario Provincial Correctional Facilities

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Andres McConnon, Kinwah Fung, Aisha Lofters, Stephen W. Hwang, Fiona G. Kouyoumdjian

Introduction

Primary care represents an opportunity to improve health for people who experience imprisonment, and screening for colorectal and breast cancer indicate primary care quality. The study objectives were to examine the proportion of people released from provincial correctional facilities who were overdue for colorectal or breast cancer screening on admission to the correctional facility and who were still overdue after 3 years, and to compare findings with data for the general population.

Methods

Administrative data were used to identify people eligible for colorectal and breast cancer screening who were released from provincial correctional facilities in 2010 (N=3,803 and N=249, respectively) and in the general population (N=2,757,584 and N=1,099,942, respectively) in Ontario, Canada. Chi-square tests and log binomial regression models were used to compare the proportion of individuals overdue for screening on admission or on July 1, 2010 for the general population, and still overdue after 3 years. Analyses were conducted in 2017 and 2018.

Results

Compared with the general population, people in the corrections group were 1.53 times (95% CI=1.50, 1.55) more likely to be overdue for colorectal cancer screening: 77.1% (95% CI=74.3, 79.9) vs 50.5% (95% CI=50.5, 50.6), and 2.25 times (95% CI=2.06, 2.46) more likely to be overdue for breast cancer screening: 65.9% (95% CI=56.2, 76.8) vs 29.3% (95% CI=29.2, 29.4, both p<0.001). They were also more likely to still be overdue 3 years later: 62.6% (95% CI=60.1, 65.2) vs 33.6% (95% CI=33.5, 33.6) for colorectal cancer and 52.2% (95% CI=43.6, 62.0) vs 20.2% (95% CI=20.1, 20.3) for breast cancer (both p<0.001).

Conclusions

People who experience imprisonment are less likely than the general population to access colorectal and breast cancer screening. This suggests the need to strengthen primary care for this population. Specifically, efforts should be made to improve access to colorectal and breast cancer screening, through health promotion, program delivery, and linkage to community services while in correctional facilities.

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Suicides Among Lesbian and Gay Male Individuals: Findings From the National Violent Death Reporting System

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Bridget H. Lyons, Mikel L. Walters, Shane P.D. Jack, Emiko Petrosky, Janet M. Blair, Asha Z. Ivey-Stephenson

Introduction

Information regarding the epidemiology of suicide among lesbian and gay male individuals is limited, and comprehensive information is needed. This study seeks to describe the characteristics and precipitating circumstances of suicide among lesbian and gay male decedents when compared with non-lesbian and non-gay male decedents.

Methods

An analysis was conducted of National Violent Death Reporting System data from 18 U.S. states for the years 2003–2014. Sociodemographic characteristics and precipitating circumstances of suicide among lesbian and gay male decedents were compared with non-lesbian and non-gay male decedents. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between precipitating circumstances and suicide by sexual orientation. The analysis was conducted in December 2017.

Results

There were a total of 123,289 suicide decedents from 18 states participating in National Violent Death Reporting System during 2003–2014; of those, 621 (0.5%) were identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. The majority of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender decedents were identified as gay male (53.9%), followed by lesbian (28.0%), transgender (10.4%), and bisexual (7.5%). The analysis revealed several differences by age, mechanism of injury, and precipitating circumstances, including intimate partner problems among lesbian decedents, suicide planning and intent for both lesbian and gay male decedents, and mental health problems among gay male decedents.

Conclusions

Findings highlight differences in the characteristics of suicide among lesbian and gay male and non-lesbian and non-gay male decedents. It is important for suicide prevention efforts to be culturally sensitive and consider the needs of sexual minority populations.

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Distracted Driving, Visual Inattention, and Crash Risk Among Teenage Drivers

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Pnina Gershon, Kellienne R. Sita, Chunming Zhu, Johnathon P. Ehsani, Sheila G. Klauer, Tom A. Dingus, Bruce G. Simons-Morton

Introduction

Distracted driving resulting from secondary task engagement is a major contributing factor to teenage drivers' crash risk. This study aims to determine the extent to which visual inattention while engaging in distracting secondary tasks contributes to teenage drivers' crash risk.

Methods

Real-world driving data were collected from a cohort of 82 newly licensed teenagers (average age 16.48 years, SD=0.33) recruited in Virginia. Participants' private vehicles were equipped with data acquisition systems that documented driving kinematics and miles driven, and made video recordings of the driver and driving environment. Data were collected from 2010 to 2014 and analyzed in 2017. The analysis of secondary task engagement was based on 6-second video segments from both crash and random samples of normal driving.

Results

Of a wide range of secondary tasks, only manual cellphone use (OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.1, 6.8) and reaching/handling objects while driving (OR=6.9, 95% CI=2.6, 18.6) were associated with increased crash risk. Drivers' duration of eyes off the road accounted for 41% of the crash risk associated with manual cellphone use and 10% of the risk associated with reaching/handling objects while driving.

Conclusions

Secondary tasks vary in the risk they introduce to the teenage driver. Manual cellphone use and reaching for objects were found to be associated with increased crash risk. These findings objectively quantify the effect of visual inattention resulting from distracting secondary tasks on teenage drivers' crash risk. Teenage drivers may benefit from technologic and behavioral interventions that will keep their eyes on the road at all times and discourage engagement in distracting secondary tasks.

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Cardiac magnetic resonance including parametric mapping in acute Takotsubo syndrome: Preliminary findings

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: European Journal of Radiology

Author(s): Darius Dabir, Julian Luetkens, Daniel L.R. Kuetting, Andreas Feisst, Alexander Isaak, Hans H. Schild, Daniel Thomas

Abstract

Introduction

T1 and T2 mapping have been shown to be reliable markers of interstitial myocardial fibrosis, edema, and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate myocardial involvement in acute phase Takotsubo syndrome using native and post-contrast T1 mapping, ECV fraction, and T2 mapping.

Material and methods

We investigated 14 patients with acute Takotsubo syndrome and 14 healthy controls. CMR included cine imaging, black-blood STIR imaging, early and late gadolinium enhancement imaging, native and post-contrast T1 mapping, and T2 mapping. Wall motion, T2 ratio, early gadolinium enhancement ratio, extracellular volume fraction, T1 and T2 relaxation times were analyzed.

Results

Patients had significantly impaired left ventricular function (46 ± 10%) and acute wall motion abnormalities compared with controls (62 ± 2%). Native T1 and T2 values, T2 ratio, and ECV fraction were significantly higher in patients compared with controls. In patients, native T1 and T2 values as well as T2 ratio were significantly higher in segments with abnormal wall motion compared with normokinetic segments. Native T1 values, T2 relaxation times, T2 ratio, and ECV fraction were significantly higher, post-contrast T1 relaxation times significantly lower in segments with abnormal wall motion compared with segments of controls; except for T2 ratio and post-contrast T1 relaxation times this also held true for patients' segments with normal wall motion.

Conclusions

Native T1 and T2 mapping, as well as ECV fraction, discriminate between visually affected vs. unaffected segments in patients with acute Takotsubo syndrome and reveal significant T1 and T2 tissue changes even in visually unaffected segments. Thus, mapping may allow for better detection in convalescent stages of disease and additionally may have the potential to serve as a marker of disease progress. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in a larger patient cohort.

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Electrocochleography Function for Monitoring Residual Hearing

Condition:   Hearing Loss, Cochlear Intervention:   Procedure: Electrocochleography Sponsor:   Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Electrocochleography Function for Monitoring Residual Hearing

Condition:   Hearing Loss, Cochlear Intervention:   Procedure: Electrocochleography Sponsor:   Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

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Headache and Brain Tumor

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Neuroimaging Clinics of North America

Author(s): Shahram Hadidchi, Wesley Surento, Alexander Lerner, Chia-Shang Jason Liu, Wende N. Gibbs, Paul E. Kim, Mark S. Shiroishi

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Headache and Brain Tumor

Publication date: Available online 20 February 2019

Source: Neuroimaging Clinics of North America

Author(s): Shahram Hadidchi, Wesley Surento, Alexander Lerner, Chia-Shang Jason Liu, Wende N. Gibbs, Paul E. Kim, Mark S. Shiroishi

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Pembrolizumab Plus Axitinib a New Standard in Metastatic RCC Pembrolizumab Plus Axitinib a New Standard in Metastatic RCC

First-line treatment with the anti-PD-1 immunotherapy pembrolizumab plus the VEGF-targeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitor axitinib extended overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), compared with the current standard of care, sunitinib, in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-426 trial.Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines)

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Pembrolizumab Plus Axitinib a New Standard in Metastatic RCC Pembrolizumab Plus Axitinib a New Standard in Metastatic RCC

First-line treatment with the anti-PD-1 immunotherapy pembrolizumab plus the VEGF-targeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitor axitinib extended overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), compared with the current standard of care, sunitinib, in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-426 trial.Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines)

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Drainage outflow restriction as a parameter associated with cortical venous reflux in craniofacial arteriovenous malformations with cavernous sinus drainage

Abstract

Purpose

Craniofacial arteriovenous malformations (CF-AVMs) are locally aggressive extracranial lesions. When CF-AVMs involve cavernous sinus (CS) as their draining vein, they represent a special subgroup which may interfere intracranial venous system. In this study, we aimed to analyze the venous drainage patterns of CF-AVMs with CS drainage and to demonstrate how it affected our treatment strategy.

Methods

Cases of CF-AVMs associated with CS drainage were collected from a prospectively collected database of patients with CF-AVMs who underwent endovascular treatment from September 2016 to March 2018. Clinical data and angioarchitectural findings were analyzed. Factors associated with the presence of venous reflux (cortical venous reflux (CVR) or dural sinus reflux (DSR)) were analyzed.

Results

Fifteen CF-AVM patients associated with CS drainage were analyzed. Three cases of venous reflux from the CS were identified (CVR, 2; DSR, 1). Lesions with unilateral venous drainage, ≤ 2 draining veins, and the absence of antegrade CS outflow were more likely to develop venous reflux from the CS. We successfully performed additional trans-venous coil embolization of the superior ophthalmic vein in two patients with malformations associated with venous reflux to close this venous connection to the CS.

Conclusion

CF-AVMs associated with CS drainage confer an increased risk of CVR and DSR, especially in cases where the drainage outflow is restricted. Identification of this venous angioarchitecture is essential in the evaluation and treatment planning of CF-AVMs.

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Drainage outflow restriction as a parameter associated with cortical venous reflux in craniofacial arteriovenous malformations with cavernous sinus drainage

Abstract

Purpose

Craniofacial arteriovenous malformations (CF-AVMs) are locally aggressive extracranial lesions. When CF-AVMs involve cavernous sinus (CS) as their draining vein, they represent a special subgroup which may interfere intracranial venous system. In this study, we aimed to analyze the venous drainage patterns of CF-AVMs with CS drainage and to demonstrate how it affected our treatment strategy.

Methods

Cases of CF-AVMs associated with CS drainage were collected from a prospectively collected database of patients with CF-AVMs who underwent endovascular treatment from September 2016 to March 2018. Clinical data and angioarchitectural findings were analyzed. Factors associated with the presence of venous reflux (cortical venous reflux (CVR) or dural sinus reflux (DSR)) were analyzed.

Results

Fifteen CF-AVM patients associated with CS drainage were analyzed. Three cases of venous reflux from the CS were identified (CVR, 2; DSR, 1). Lesions with unilateral venous drainage, ≤ 2 draining veins, and the absence of antegrade CS outflow were more likely to develop venous reflux from the CS. We successfully performed additional trans-venous coil embolization of the superior ophthalmic vein in two patients with malformations associated with venous reflux to close this venous connection to the CS.

Conclusion

CF-AVMs associated with CS drainage confer an increased risk of CVR and DSR, especially in cases where the drainage outflow is restricted. Identification of this venous angioarchitecture is essential in the evaluation and treatment planning of CF-AVMs.

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Intestinal archaea inversely associated with childhood asthma

Methanosphaera stadtmanae, an immunogenic archaeal species found in the human gut microbiome, was detected less frequently in children with asthma. Gut archaea colonisation in childhood may be relevant to asthma and allergy risk. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Allergen immunotherapy improves defective follicular regulatory T cells in patients with allergic rhinitis

The defect of Tfr cells may contribute to aberrant IgE production in AR patients. The improvement of Tfr cells correlates with the clinical benefits of AIT in AR patients. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Prophylactic allergen immunotherapy with Der p 2 prevents murine asthma by regulating lung GM-CSF

This mouse study demonstrates that repetitive inhalation of a single major house dust mite (HDM) allergen prevents HDM-induced allergic asthma development through suppressing the function of lung dendritic cells, thus providing an alternative to classical allergen-specific immunotherapy. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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B cell-intrinsic requirement for STK4 in humoral immunity in mice and humans

Humoral immune defects are described in 9 patients from 5 families with STK4 deficiency. A mouse model carrying the novel p.Y88del show that these defects are intrinsic to the B cells. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Natural course and factors associated with allergic diseases in the first 2 years: Data from a Developing Asian Countries

Allergic diseases have been increasing in the last few decades. Interplay between genetic and environmental factors underlined these complex diseases. Data concerning epidemiology, natural history and factors associated with allergic diseases in developing Asian countries are limited. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Intestinal archaea inversely associated with childhood asthma

Methanosphaera stadtmanae, an immunogenic archaeal species found in the human gut microbiome, was detected less frequently in children with asthma. Gut archaea colonisation in childhood may be relevant to asthma and allergy risk. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Allergen immunotherapy improves defective follicular regulatory T cells in patients with allergic rhinitis

The defect of Tfr cells may contribute to aberrant IgE production in AR patients. The improvement of Tfr cells correlates with the clinical benefits of AIT in AR patients. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Prophylactic allergen immunotherapy with Der p 2 prevents murine asthma by regulating lung GM-CSF

This mouse study demonstrates that repetitive inhalation of a single major house dust mite (HDM) allergen prevents HDM-induced allergic asthma development through suppressing the function of lung dendritic cells, thus providing an alternative to classical allergen-specific immunotherapy. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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B cell-intrinsic requirement for STK4 in humoral immunity in mice and humans

Humoral immune defects are described in 9 patients from 5 families with STK4 deficiency. A mouse model carrying the novel p.Y88del show that these defects are intrinsic to the B cells. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Natural course and factors associated with allergic diseases in the first 2 years: Data from a Developing Asian Countries

Allergic diseases have been increasing in the last few decades. Interplay between genetic and environmental factors underlined these complex diseases. Data concerning epidemiology, natural history and factors associated with allergic diseases in developing Asian countries are limited. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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A National Cancer Database Analysis of the effect of brachytherapy on overall survival in patients with base of tongue cancer

Abstract

Background

We performed an analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to evaluate overall survival (OS) in patients with base of tongue (BOT) cancer treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) combined with brachytherapy (BT).

Methods

The tongue NCDB Participant User File was used to obtain demographic and clinical patient data. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to determine OS. Significance was determined using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

At 3 years, OS was 69.6%, 77.1%, and 63.7% for patients treated with EBRT (n = 27 954), EBRT + BT (n = 209), or BT alone (n = 154), respectively (P = .01). On multivariable analysis, the instantaneous hazard of death for patients receiving EBRT + BT was 25% (Hazard ratio [HR] = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58‐0.98) lower than patients receiving only EBRT (P = .03).

Conclusions

The addition of BT to EBRT in BOT cancer has an OS benefit.

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A National Cancer Database Analysis of the effect of brachytherapy on overall survival in patients with base of tongue cancer

Abstract

Background

We performed an analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to evaluate overall survival (OS) in patients with base of tongue (BOT) cancer treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) combined with brachytherapy (BT).

Methods

The tongue NCDB Participant User File was used to obtain demographic and clinical patient data. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to determine OS. Significance was determined using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

At 3 years, OS was 69.6%, 77.1%, and 63.7% for patients treated with EBRT (n = 27 954), EBRT + BT (n = 209), or BT alone (n = 154), respectively (P = .01). On multivariable analysis, the instantaneous hazard of death for patients receiving EBRT + BT was 25% (Hazard ratio [HR] = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58‐0.98) lower than patients receiving only EBRT (P = .03).

Conclusions

The addition of BT to EBRT in BOT cancer has an OS benefit.

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Effects of miRNA‐342‐3p in modulating Hegdehog signaling pathway of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by down‐regulating Sufu

Abstract

Objective

Previously, we have shown that miRNA‐342‐3p was increased during osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) via regulating the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. In this study, our objective is to further investigate the role of miRNA‐342‐3p in activation of Shh pathway by targeting suppressor of fused protein (Sufu), a suppressor of transcriptional factor Gli, as well as the potential interaction with transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling pathway during osteogenic induction of hUCMSCs.

Materials And Methods

HUCMSCs that stable overexpression or knockdown of miRNA‐342‐3p were established by infection with lentiviral vectors. mRNA and protein levels of Hedgehog signaling pathway and osteogenic genes were measured by RT‐qPCR and western blot assays. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to test the direct binding site of Sufu 5′UTR targeted by miRNA‐342‐3p.

Results

Over‐expression of miRNA‐342‐3p in hUCMSCs enhanced the expression of osteogenic genes by targeting Sufu. And the potential of osteogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs was inhibited while knockdown miRNA‐342‐3p. Meanwhile, induced the TGF‐β level was also observed upon over‐expressing miRNA‐342‐3p, suggesting activation of TGF‐β signaling pathway was a potential mechanism of miRNA‐342‐3p mediated osteogenesis in hUCMSCs.

Conclusions

Our findings provide new mechanistic evidence that miRNA‐342‐3p might be a valuable therapeutic target in bone regeneration.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Effects of miRNA‐342‐3p in modulating Hegdehog signaling pathway of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by down‐regulating Sufu

Abstract

Objective

Previously, we have shown that miRNA‐342‐3p was increased during osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) via regulating the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. In this study, our objective is to further investigate the role of miRNA‐342‐3p in activation of Shh pathway by targeting suppressor of fused protein (Sufu), a suppressor of transcriptional factor Gli, as well as the potential interaction with transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling pathway during osteogenic induction of hUCMSCs.

Materials And Methods

HUCMSCs that stable overexpression or knockdown of miRNA‐342‐3p were established by infection with lentiviral vectors. mRNA and protein levels of Hedgehog signaling pathway and osteogenic genes were measured by RT‐qPCR and western blot assays. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to test the direct binding site of Sufu 5′UTR targeted by miRNA‐342‐3p.

Results

Over‐expression of miRNA‐342‐3p in hUCMSCs enhanced the expression of osteogenic genes by targeting Sufu. And the potential of osteogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs was inhibited while knockdown miRNA‐342‐3p. Meanwhile, induced the TGF‐β level was also observed upon over‐expressing miRNA‐342‐3p, suggesting activation of TGF‐β signaling pathway was a potential mechanism of miRNA‐342‐3p mediated osteogenesis in hUCMSCs.

Conclusions

Our findings provide new mechanistic evidence that miRNA‐342‐3p might be a valuable therapeutic target in bone regeneration.

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