Sonolocation during submandibular sialolithotomy

Objectives/Hypothesis

Ultrasound is a proven tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for treatment of salivary gland pathology. It is also useful for localization of calculi during submandibular gland transoral sialolithotomy when calculi cannot easily be palpated. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of sialolith localization using ultrasound during submandibular gland sialolithotomy.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

A study performed utilizing data compiled from 2009 through 2016 in a tertiary academic center. Treatment was completed in 164 patients with sialadenitis and sialolithiasis by submandibular gland transoral sialolithotomy in either the office (81%) or the operating room (19%). Ultrasound was used for localization of sialoliths during submandibular gland sialolithotomy. Main treatment outcomes studied were success of the procedure, complications, and follow‐up.

Results

Successful sialolithotomy was performed in (147 patients) 90% of cases. Complications were minimal and included stricture formation, which occurred in 3% (five patients) of cases, followed by ranula formation in 1.8% (three patients) of cases. There were no incidences of lingual nerve injury.

Conclusions

Ultrasound can be used effectively for precise sialolith localization intraoperatively.

Level of Evidence

4

Laryngoscope, 2019

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Prognostic indicators of survival in sinonasal extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma

Objectives

Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a highly aggressive tumor of the sinonasal tract associated with poor overall survival (OS). This study expands upon epidemiologic, prognostic, and treatment factors for OS and disease‐specific survival (DSS), incorporating newly accessible chemotherapy data.

Methods

Retrospective population‐based cohort study performed on cases of sinonasal ENKTL identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Univariate Kaplan‐Meier analysis and subsequent multivariate Cox‐regression analysis were performed to evaluate prognostic and treatment variables for OS and DSS.

Results

Four hundred and sixty cases of sinonasal ENKTL were identified. Five‐year OS and DSS were 46% and 56%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, higher Ann Arbor stage was associated with worse OS (P < 0.001) and DSS (P < 0.001), whereas administration of radiotherapy was associated with improved OS (P < 0.001) and DSS (P = 0.001). Additionally, a higher age at diagnosis was associated with reduced OS (P = 0.024). Chemotherapy was associated with improved OS (P < .01) and DSS (P = .04) for Ann Arbor stage I disease. Surgery was not associated with improved survival.

Conclusion

This represents the first study to investigate the use of chemotherapy for the treatment of sinonasal ENKTL using population‐based analysis. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy significantly improve survival in all Ann Arbor stage patients and early‐stage patients, respectively. Early‐stage disease is significantly associated with improved survival. With no established treatment regimen for sinonasal ENKTL, these findings suggest combination chemoradiation is an effective therapy for prolonged survival, especially in early stages of disease.

Level of Evidence

3.

Laryngoscope, 2019

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Sonolocation during submandibular sialolithotomy

Objectives/Hypothesis

Ultrasound is a proven tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for treatment of salivary gland pathology. It is also useful for localization of calculi during submandibular gland transoral sialolithotomy when calculi cannot easily be palpated. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of sialolith localization using ultrasound during submandibular gland sialolithotomy.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

A study performed utilizing data compiled from 2009 through 2016 in a tertiary academic center. Treatment was completed in 164 patients with sialadenitis and sialolithiasis by submandibular gland transoral sialolithotomy in either the office (81%) or the operating room (19%). Ultrasound was used for localization of sialoliths during submandibular gland sialolithotomy. Main treatment outcomes studied were success of the procedure, complications, and follow‐up.

Results

Successful sialolithotomy was performed in (147 patients) 90% of cases. Complications were minimal and included stricture formation, which occurred in 3% (five patients) of cases, followed by ranula formation in 1.8% (three patients) of cases. There were no incidences of lingual nerve injury.

Conclusions

Ultrasound can be used effectively for precise sialolith localization intraoperatively.

Level of Evidence

4

Laryngoscope, 2019

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Prognostic indicators of survival in sinonasal extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma

Objectives

Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a highly aggressive tumor of the sinonasal tract associated with poor overall survival (OS). This study expands upon epidemiologic, prognostic, and treatment factors for OS and disease‐specific survival (DSS), incorporating newly accessible chemotherapy data.

Methods

Retrospective population‐based cohort study performed on cases of sinonasal ENKTL identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Univariate Kaplan‐Meier analysis and subsequent multivariate Cox‐regression analysis were performed to evaluate prognostic and treatment variables for OS and DSS.

Results

Four hundred and sixty cases of sinonasal ENKTL were identified. Five‐year OS and DSS were 46% and 56%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, higher Ann Arbor stage was associated with worse OS (P < 0.001) and DSS (P < 0.001), whereas administration of radiotherapy was associated with improved OS (P < 0.001) and DSS (P = 0.001). Additionally, a higher age at diagnosis was associated with reduced OS (P = 0.024). Chemotherapy was associated with improved OS (P < .01) and DSS (P = .04) for Ann Arbor stage I disease. Surgery was not associated with improved survival.

Conclusion

This represents the first study to investigate the use of chemotherapy for the treatment of sinonasal ENKTL using population‐based analysis. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy significantly improve survival in all Ann Arbor stage patients and early‐stage patients, respectively. Early‐stage disease is significantly associated with improved survival. With no established treatment regimen for sinonasal ENKTL, these findings suggest combination chemoradiation is an effective therapy for prolonged survival, especially in early stages of disease.

Level of Evidence

3.

Laryngoscope, 2019

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Polish validation of the University of Washington “quality of life” questionnaire in patients with cancer of the larynx

The University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire version 4 (UW-QoLv4), in English, is used worldwide to assess the quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer. The use of such a questionnaire in other languages requires translation and validation in that language, and our aim was to translate it into Polish (which we did) and validate it in a group of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer who had been considered free of disease for at least six months during routine follow-up visits to the Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wrocław.

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Polish validation of the University of Washington “quality of life” questionnaire in patients with cancer of the larynx

The University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire version 4 (UW-QoLv4), in English, is used worldwide to assess the quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer. The use of such a questionnaire in other languages requires translation and validation in that language, and our aim was to translate it into Polish (which we did) and validate it in a group of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer who had been considered free of disease for at least six months during routine follow-up visits to the Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wrocław.

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Reticular and erosive oral lichen planus have a distinct metabolomic profile: A preliminary study using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

Abstract

Background

Oral Lichen Planus is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the oral mucosa, with the reticular and erosive forms representing the primary clinical variants of the disease. Previous studies have shown that metabolic alterations may well be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease; however, the molecular mechanisms related to the clinicopathological differences between erosive and reticular forms remain unknown.

Methods

A comparative metabolomic analysis was performed on formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue samples of erosive (n=6) and reticular (n=10) oral lichen planus using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry.

Results

The metabolomic analysis showed a distinct profile between the two clinical variants. Five metabolites (cyclohexanamine, glycine, mannitol/sorbitol, methyl palmitate, and trehalose) were significantly diminished in erosive oral lichen planus as compared to the reticular form.

Conclusions

Reticular and erosive forms of oral lichen planus have a distinct metabolic profile. However, further studies using a large number of fresh tissue samples are necessary to confirm this data.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Reticular and erosive oral lichen planus have a distinct metabolomic profile: A preliminary study using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

Abstract

Background

Oral Lichen Planus is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the oral mucosa, with the reticular and erosive forms representing the primary clinical variants of the disease. Previous studies have shown that metabolic alterations may well be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease; however, the molecular mechanisms related to the clinicopathological differences between erosive and reticular forms remain unknown.

Methods

A comparative metabolomic analysis was performed on formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue samples of erosive (n=6) and reticular (n=10) oral lichen planus using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry.

Results

The metabolomic analysis showed a distinct profile between the two clinical variants. Five metabolites (cyclohexanamine, glycine, mannitol/sorbitol, methyl palmitate, and trehalose) were significantly diminished in erosive oral lichen planus as compared to the reticular form.

Conclusions

Reticular and erosive forms of oral lichen planus have a distinct metabolic profile. However, further studies using a large number of fresh tissue samples are necessary to confirm this data.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Speech intelligibility in patients with oral cancer: An objective baseline evaluation of pretreatment function and impairment

Abstract

Background

This study seeks to identify those factors that influence the pre‐therapeutic speech intelligibility in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Method

A group of 172 patients (125 males, 47 females, mean age = 61 ± 11 a) with different OSCC stages ranging from T1 to T4 and N0 to N2 was examined for their speech intelligibility using a computerized measuring tool, and compared to a healthy reference group (30 males, 10 females, mean age = 59 ± 12 a).

Results

It was found that the pre‐therapeutic speech intelligibility in patients with OSCC is decreased when compared to a healthy collective. Two demographic factors that influence speech intelligibility could be identified: sex and age. It was determined that the only disease‐related factor that influences speech intelligibility before therapy is the location of the tumor.

Conclusion

The results of this study reveal that a preoperative speech intelligibility impairment in patients suffering from OSCC occurs independent of tumor stage, size of the tumor and infiltration status.

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Adding clarity to the historical evolution of the selective neck dissection

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Speech intelligibility in patients with oral cancer: An objective baseline evaluation of pretreatment function and impairment

Abstract

Background

This study seeks to identify those factors that influence the pre‐therapeutic speech intelligibility in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Method

A group of 172 patients (125 males, 47 females, mean age = 61 ± 11 a) with different OSCC stages ranging from T1 to T4 and N0 to N2 was examined for their speech intelligibility using a computerized measuring tool, and compared to a healthy reference group (30 males, 10 females, mean age = 59 ± 12 a).

Results

It was found that the pre‐therapeutic speech intelligibility in patients with OSCC is decreased when compared to a healthy collective. Two demographic factors that influence speech intelligibility could be identified: sex and age. It was determined that the only disease‐related factor that influences speech intelligibility before therapy is the location of the tumor.

Conclusion

The results of this study reveal that a preoperative speech intelligibility impairment in patients suffering from OSCC occurs independent of tumor stage, size of the tumor and infiltration status.

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Adding clarity to the historical evolution of the selective neck dissection

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Monitoring of respiratory resistance in the diagnosis of mild‐intermittent asthma

Abstract

The evidence of significant variability in lung function is required to confirm the clinical diagnosis of asthma [1]. This is commonly obtained in laboratory settings by bronchoreversibility or bronchoprovocation testing. Because the hallmark of asthma is the variability of symptoms, a more clinically relevant method to confirm the diagnosis should be by revealing an increase of spontaneous variability in lung function [1].

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Monitoring of respiratory resistance in the diagnosis of mild‐intermittent asthma

Abstract

The evidence of significant variability in lung function is required to confirm the clinical diagnosis of asthma [1]. This is commonly obtained in laboratory settings by bronchoreversibility or bronchoprovocation testing. Because the hallmark of asthma is the variability of symptoms, a more clinically relevant method to confirm the diagnosis should be by revealing an increase of spontaneous variability in lung function [1].

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Intratympanic steroid therapy for refractory sudden sensory hearing loss: a 12-year experience with the Silverstein catheter.

CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Local administration of steroids to the inner ear through the round window route improves hearing and speech intelligibility in patients after failure of conventional therapy. The use of a hearing aid was reduced by 50% when speech intelligibility was improved. PMID: 30794063 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica)

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Intratympanic steroid therapy for refractory sudden sensory hearing loss: a 12-year experience with the Silverstein catheter.

CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Local administration of steroids to the inner ear through the round window route improves hearing and speech intelligibility in patients after failure of conventional therapy. The use of a hearing aid was reduced by 50% when speech intelligibility was improved. PMID: 30794063 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica)

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Management of laryngeal papillomatosis using coblation: another option of surgical intervention

Abstract

Purpose

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a disease caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV is frequently localised in the larynx. The disease tends to recur and frequent intervention is usually required. Management modules include surgical intervention using microdebriders or laser ablation as well as adjuvant treatments which aim mainly at maintaining an adequate airway and secondly to manage dysphonia caused by the growth on the vocal folds. In this pilot study, another surgical modality is trialled using plasma-mediated radio-frequency ablation (coblation).

Methods

Retrospective study examining management of 15 adult patients diagnosed with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis and surgically treated using coblation. One patient required multiple procedures. Pre-operative assessment in voice clinic evaluating voice quality and its impact on patients' life-quality using voice parameters and self-assessment questionnaires. Follow-up post-operatively using the same parameters from 4 to 6 weeks after surgery until up to 2 years later to check recurrence rate. No other adjuvant treatment was used and all patients received post-operative voice therapy.

Results

78.6% of patients did not show evidence of recurrence during the study period. Improvement in voice handicap following first intervention is reported and recurrence rate in the rest of the sample reported.

Conclusions

The results of this small sample seem to support the previous small studies' findings that coblation is a good excisional technique to use for removal of laryngeal papillomatosis. Recurrence rates seem to be slightly lower than rates reported in the literature for the other surgical modalities.

Level of evidence

IV.

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Management of laryngeal papillomatosis using coblation: another option of surgical intervention

Abstract

Purpose

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a disease caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV is frequently localised in the larynx. The disease tends to recur and frequent intervention is usually required. Management modules include surgical intervention using microdebriders or laser ablation as well as adjuvant treatments which aim mainly at maintaining an adequate airway and secondly to manage dysphonia caused by the growth on the vocal folds. In this pilot study, another surgical modality is trialled using plasma-mediated radio-frequency ablation (coblation).

Methods

Retrospective study examining management of 15 adult patients diagnosed with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis and surgically treated using coblation. One patient required multiple procedures. Pre-operative assessment in voice clinic evaluating voice quality and its impact on patients' life-quality using voice parameters and self-assessment questionnaires. Follow-up post-operatively using the same parameters from 4 to 6 weeks after surgery until up to 2 years later to check recurrence rate. No other adjuvant treatment was used and all patients received post-operative voice therapy.

Results

78.6% of patients did not show evidence of recurrence during the study period. Improvement in voice handicap following first intervention is reported and recurrence rate in the rest of the sample reported.

Conclusions

The results of this small sample seem to support the previous small studies' findings that coblation is a good excisional technique to use for removal of laryngeal papillomatosis. Recurrence rates seem to be slightly lower than rates reported in the literature for the other surgical modalities.

Level of evidence

IV.

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Eustachian Tube (Dysfunction)

Title: Eustachian Tube (Dysfunction)Category: Diseases and ConditionsCreated: 5/29/1999 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 2/22/2019 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet Hearing General)

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Eustachian Tube (Dysfunction)

Title: Eustachian Tube (Dysfunction)Category: Diseases and ConditionsCreated: 5/29/1999 12:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 2/22/2019 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet Hearing General)

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Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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Three-Dimensional Surface Reconstruction of the Human Cochlear Nucleus: Implications for Auditory Brain Stem Implant Design

Conclusion Detailed rendering of the human CN is feasible using histology and 3D MRI reconstruction and highlights complex surface topography that is not recapitulated by contemporary stiff ABI arrays. [...] Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text (Source: Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base)

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Three-Dimensional Surface Reconstruction of the Human Cochlear Nucleus: Implications for Auditory Brain Stem Implant Design

Conclusion Detailed rendering of the human CN is feasible using histology and 3D MRI reconstruction and highlights complex surface topography that is not recapitulated by contemporary stiff ABI arrays. [...] Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text (Source: Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base)

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A reversed approach for simultaneous mandibular symphyseal split osteotomy and genioplasty

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): S. Shen, T. Jiang, S.G. Shen, X. Wang

Abstract

Performing a mandibular symphyseal split and genioplasty simultaneously and accurately is a technical challenge for the surgeon. The aim of this study was to validate a reversed approach for simultaneous symphyseal split and genioplasty. A cutting guide and a repositioning guide were designed and printed three-dimensionally in titanium. The symphyseal split and genioplasty were performed successfully. The accuracy of the technique appears to be appropriate for clinical application.

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A reversed approach for simultaneous mandibular symphyseal split osteotomy and genioplasty

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): S. Shen, T. Jiang, S.G. Shen, X. Wang

Abstract

Performing a mandibular symphyseal split and genioplasty simultaneously and accurately is a technical challenge for the surgeon. The aim of this study was to validate a reversed approach for simultaneous symphyseal split and genioplasty. A cutting guide and a repositioning guide were designed and printed three-dimensionally in titanium. The symphyseal split and genioplasty were performed successfully. The accuracy of the technique appears to be appropriate for clinical application.

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Cockroach, Dust Mite, and Shrimp Sensitization Correlations in The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Emily C. McGowan, Roger Peng, Päivi M. Salo, Darryl C. Zeldin, Corinne A. Keet

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Retrospective Review of Insurance Coverage for Patch Testing

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Azam A. Qureshi, Olabola Awosika, Kamaria Nelson, Spencer Brodsky, Haijun Wang, Alison Ehrlich

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Utilization of high-fidelity simulation for medical student and resident education of allergic-immunologic emergencies

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Stephanie L. Mawhirt, Luz Fonacier, Marcella Aquino

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Perspective Pro Debate: To introduce solids early or not to introduce, this is the question.

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Helen R. Fisher, Gideon Lack, George Du Toit

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Cockroach, Dust Mite, and Shrimp Sensitization Correlations in The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Emily C. McGowan, Roger Peng, Päivi M. Salo, Darryl C. Zeldin, Corinne A. Keet

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Retrospective Review of Insurance Coverage for Patch Testing

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Azam A. Qureshi, Olabola Awosika, Kamaria Nelson, Spencer Brodsky, Haijun Wang, Alison Ehrlich

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Utilization of high-fidelity simulation for medical student and resident education of allergic-immunologic emergencies

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Stephanie L. Mawhirt, Luz Fonacier, Marcella Aquino

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Perspective Pro Debate: To introduce solids early or not to introduce, this is the question.

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Helen R. Fisher, Gideon Lack, George Du Toit

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Anatomical and frequencies-specific hearing results of retrograde mastoidectomy

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Emine Demir, Gorkem Atsal, Oben Yildirim, Filiz Gulustan, Abdullah Dalgic, Tolgahan Catli, Levent Olgun

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Anesthesia and ventilation options for flex robotic assisted laryngopharyngeal surgery

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Yosef Krespi, Victor Kizhner, Robert Koorn, Anthony Giordano

Abstract

Background

Transoral treatment of benign and malignant lesions of laryngopharynx has limitations in exposure and access, partially due to the endotracheal tube (ETT). With a proper airway control to tailor ventilation and maximize exposure, transoral Flex robotic surgery (FLEX), using its 3D camera and instruments, can expand its ability. Choosing the right ETT, including a novel concept of using jet ventilation (JV) in FLEX, and placement technique can allow augmentation of the advantages that robotic surgery offers.

Methods

Chart review of FLEX assisted procedures was performed. Attention was given to demographics, all events of airway manipulation and ventilation type, procedures performed and outcomes including adverse effects.

Results

Fifty-two patients underwent eighty procedures. The airway was manipulated sixty-four times to include 8 JV. All possible FLEX instruments including CO2 laser were used. Three novel possible indications for trans-oral robotic surgery including the feasibility of JV in FLEX procedures were shown.

Conclusions

Lesions of the tongue base, hypopharynx, larynx and trachea have the possibility to be managed with adequate exposure with minimal obstruction from ETT. Robotic HD camera permits both the surgeon and anesthesiologist to observe surgery and safely monitor the airway. An algorithm was developed for selecting ideal ventilation method for different procedures. The FLEX and the utilization of JV allows flexibility of two instruments without obstruction.

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Anesthesia and ventilation options for flex robotic assisted laryngopharyngeal surgery

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Yosef Krespi, Victor Kizhner, Robert Koorn, Anthony Giordano

Abstract

Background

Transoral treatment of benign and malignant lesions of laryngopharynx has limitations in exposure and access, partially due to the endotracheal tube (ETT). With a proper airway control to tailor ventilation and maximize exposure, transoral Flex robotic surgery (FLEX), using its 3D camera and instruments, can expand its ability. Choosing the right ETT, including a novel concept of using jet ventilation (JV) in FLEX, and placement technique can allow augmentation of the advantages that robotic surgery offers.

Methods

Chart review of FLEX assisted procedures was performed. Attention was given to demographics, all events of airway manipulation and ventilation type, procedures performed and outcomes including adverse effects.

Results

Fifty-two patients underwent eighty procedures. The airway was manipulated sixty-four times to include 8 JV. All possible FLEX instruments including CO2 laser were used. Three novel possible indications for trans-oral robotic surgery including the feasibility of JV in FLEX procedures were shown.

Conclusions

Lesions of the tongue base, hypopharynx, larynx and trachea have the possibility to be managed with adequate exposure with minimal obstruction from ETT. Robotic HD camera permits both the surgeon and anesthesiologist to observe surgery and safely monitor the airway. An algorithm was developed for selecting ideal ventilation method for different procedures. The FLEX and the utilization of JV allows flexibility of two instruments without obstruction.

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Anatomical and frequencies-specific hearing results of retrograde mastoidectomy

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology

Author(s): Emine Demir, Gorkem Atsal, Oben Yildirim, Filiz Gulustan, Abdullah Dalgic, Tolgahan Catli, Levent Olgun

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Communication between the transverse cervical nerve (C2,3) and marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve: a cadaveric and clinical study

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): P.A. Brennan, J. Mak, K. Massetti, D.A. Parry

Abstract

Several branches of the facial nerve are known to anastomose with branches of the cervical plexus, other cranial nerves, and the trigeminal nerve. Communication between the sensory transverse cervical nerve (C2, 3) and marginal mandibular nerve is, however, less well known, and in a previous study of 86 neck dissections we reported a 2.3% incidence of anastomoses between them. In this prospective study, we meticulously searched for more examples using both formalin-fixed cadavers and neck dissections. A total of 102 necks were included (both sides of 36 cadavers (n = 72 necks), and 30 patients who had neck dissection for the management of squamous cell carcinoma). We found communications between these nerves on one side of a cadaver and in one neck dissection. When combined with the numbers from our previous study, the overall incidence was 2.1% in 188 necks. The marginal mandibular nerve was inseparable from the anastomosis with the transverse cervical nerve, and the variant should not be forgotten if we are to reduce the chance of postoperative weakness of the lower lip, particularly when operative exposure is more limited (such as during removal of the submandibular gland).

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Supernumerary teeth in the bilateral buccal space: a rare case

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): Albert Ming Hsien Lee

Abstract

Supernumerary teeth are usually found in the alveolus, but may occasionally be sited in unusual places. We report a rare case of a patient who presented with two supernumerary teeth in the bilateral buccal space.

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Communication between the transverse cervical nerve (C2,3) and marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve: a cadaveric and clinical study

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): P.A. Brennan, J. Mak, K. Massetti, D.A. Parry

Abstract

Several branches of the facial nerve are known to anastomose with branches of the cervical plexus, other cranial nerves, and the trigeminal nerve. Communication between the sensory transverse cervical nerve (C2, 3) and marginal mandibular nerve is, however, less well known, and in a previous study of 86 neck dissections we reported a 2.3% incidence of anastomoses between them. In this prospective study, we meticulously searched for more examples using both formalin-fixed cadavers and neck dissections. A total of 102 necks were included (both sides of 36 cadavers (n = 72 necks), and 30 patients who had neck dissection for the management of squamous cell carcinoma). We found communications between these nerves on one side of a cadaver and in one neck dissection. When combined with the numbers from our previous study, the overall incidence was 2.1% in 188 necks. The marginal mandibular nerve was inseparable from the anastomosis with the transverse cervical nerve, and the variant should not be forgotten if we are to reduce the chance of postoperative weakness of the lower lip, particularly when operative exposure is more limited (such as during removal of the submandibular gland).

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Supernumerary teeth in the bilateral buccal space: a rare case

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): Albert Ming Hsien Lee

Abstract

Supernumerary teeth are usually found in the alveolus, but may occasionally be sited in unusual places. We report a rare case of a patient who presented with two supernumerary teeth in the bilateral buccal space.

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Identification of NSDHL Mutations Associated with CHILD Syndrome in Oral Verruciform Xanthoma

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): George Getz, Kshitij Parag-Sharma, Jonathan Reside, Ricardo J. Padilla, Antonio L. Amelio

ABSTRACT

Objective

To perform a systematic analysis of the NAD(P)-dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like (NSDHL) gene in cases of oral verruciform xanthoma (VX) and test for the presence of mutations associated with Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform nevus and Limb Defects (CHILD) Syndrome patients.

Study Design

DNA was extracted from archived paraffin-embedded tissue of oral VX and control cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then used to screen exons 4 and 6 of the NSDHL gene for the presence of four known germline mutations associated with CHILD Syndrome and one somatic mutation previously identified in VX lesions with no known CHILD Syndrome association.

Results

50% (8 out of 16) oral VX tissue samples had known missense mutations associated with CHILD syndrome. Furthermore, two of these aforementioned eight tissue samples also had an additional missense mutation previously identified in cutaneous VX lesions. No mutations of exons 4 and 6 were found in the five negative control tissue samples.

Conclusion

NSDHL gene mutations associated with CHILD Syndrome are common in sporadic oral VX cases suggesting that these mutations confer a greater risk for developing epithelial barrier defects that promote recurrent oral VX lesions and the potential for direct germline transmission of oral VX susceptibility.

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Acinetobacter baumannii orofacial cellulitis: report of two cases

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Thaís dos Santos Fontes Pereira, Denise Vieira Travassos, Raissa Cristina Costa Silva, Laiz Fernandes Mendes Nunes, Maria Edileusa Santos, Célia Regina Lanza, Gabriela Assunção Goebel, Fabiana Maria Kakehasi, Tarcília Aparecida Silva

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii infection of skin and soft tissues is uncommon and usually associated with trauma. The present report describes two cases of cellulitis in the orofacial region, caused by an A. baumannii infection in paediatric patients, and with fatal outcome. A twelve-year-old male patient, diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia, presented an ulcerated lesion on the lip suggestive of local trauma. The condition evolved with cellulitis, epithelial necrosis and non-specific vesicles and blisters. The second case occurred in a 10-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma. The patient evolved with mucositis WHO Grade IV and cellulitis. In both cases, hemoculture was positive for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. In conclusion, A. baummanii should be considered a potential multidrug-resistant pathogen in the presence of skin and soft tissue cellulitis. Ulcerated oral lesions may place hospitalised paediatric patients at risk of A. baummanii infection.

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Upregulation of eIF3a promotes cell survival in ameloblastoma

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Zhenjiang Ding, Jie Liu, Junting Wang, Biying Huang, Ming Zhong

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to detect the expression of eIF3a in ameloblastoma (AB) tissues compared with normal oral mucosa (NOM) tissues and investigate the roles of eIF3a in AM-1 cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Study Design

We performed immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of eIF3a in AB tissues (n = 83) and NOM tissues (n = 20). RT-qPCR and western blotting analyses were conducted with AB tissues (n = 30) and NOM tissues (n = 6). The correlation between eIF3a expression and the clinical/pathological features of AB patients is also presented. The functional role of eIF3a in AM-1 cells was assessed with lentiviral vector-mediated shRNA.

Results

Our results indicated that eIF3a was significantly upregulated in AB. Additionally, eIF3a knockdown in AM-1 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis.

Conclusion

These data indicate that eIF3a facilitates the survival of AB cells and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for AB.

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Diagnostic delay and sub-optimal management in persistent idiopathic facial pain and persistent dento-alveolar pain; a cross sectional study

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Yazan Hassona, Ahmad El-Ma'aita, Jacqueline Amarin, Anas Al Taee

Abstract

Objectives

To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges encountered by patients with persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP), and to investigate factors influencing its delayed diagnosis.

Study Design

In this cross-sectional study, 34 newly diagnosed PIFP patients were interviewed. Data about diagnostic delay, number and nature of previous consultations, and previous medical and surgical interventions were recorded. Pearson correlation and Student's t-test were used to examine differences among various variables in relation to diagnostic delay.

Results

The average time between the onset of symptoms to the correct diagnosis was 19.3 ±11.1 months. Diagnostic delay was significantly longer in patient with pain localized to intraoral sites (22.6 ± 7.4) compared to patients with extra-oral pain (16.1 ±9.3). The average number of health care professionals consulted before correct diagnosis was 3.7 ±2.3. General dental practitioners were the most commonly consulted professionals (n=27; 79.4%). On average, patients were offered 2.3± 0.24 misdiagnoses prior to correct diagnosis, and were prescribed 3.5 ± 2.4 classes of drugs. Twenty-five patients (73.5%) underwent unnecessary surgical/dental interventions.

Conclusion

Patients with PIFP are frequently misdiagnosed leading to prescription of ineffective medications and unnecessary investigations and surgical interventions. Educational efforts should emphasize on improving knowledge and awareness of this condition.

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Identification of NSDHL Mutations Associated with CHILD Syndrome in Oral Verruciform Xanthoma

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): George Getz, Kshitij Parag-Sharma, Jonathan Reside, Ricardo J. Padilla, Antonio L. Amelio

ABSTRACT

Objective

To perform a systematic analysis of the NAD(P)-dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like (NSDHL) gene in cases of oral verruciform xanthoma (VX) and test for the presence of mutations associated with Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform nevus and Limb Defects (CHILD) Syndrome patients.

Study Design

DNA was extracted from archived paraffin-embedded tissue of oral VX and control cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then used to screen exons 4 and 6 of the NSDHL gene for the presence of four known germline mutations associated with CHILD Syndrome and one somatic mutation previously identified in VX lesions with no known CHILD Syndrome association.

Results

50% (8 out of 16) oral VX tissue samples had known missense mutations associated with CHILD syndrome. Furthermore, two of these aforementioned eight tissue samples also had an additional missense mutation previously identified in cutaneous VX lesions. No mutations of exons 4 and 6 were found in the five negative control tissue samples.

Conclusion

NSDHL gene mutations associated with CHILD Syndrome are common in sporadic oral VX cases suggesting that these mutations confer a greater risk for developing epithelial barrier defects that promote recurrent oral VX lesions and the potential for direct germline transmission of oral VX susceptibility.

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Acinetobacter baumannii orofacial cellulitis: report of two cases

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Thaís dos Santos Fontes Pereira, Denise Vieira Travassos, Raissa Cristina Costa Silva, Laiz Fernandes Mendes Nunes, Maria Edileusa Santos, Célia Regina Lanza, Gabriela Assunção Goebel, Fabiana Maria Kakehasi, Tarcília Aparecida Silva

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii infection of skin and soft tissues is uncommon and usually associated with trauma. The present report describes two cases of cellulitis in the orofacial region, caused by an A. baumannii infection in paediatric patients, and with fatal outcome. A twelve-year-old male patient, diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia, presented an ulcerated lesion on the lip suggestive of local trauma. The condition evolved with cellulitis, epithelial necrosis and non-specific vesicles and blisters. The second case occurred in a 10-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma. The patient evolved with mucositis WHO Grade IV and cellulitis. In both cases, hemoculture was positive for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. In conclusion, A. baummanii should be considered a potential multidrug-resistant pathogen in the presence of skin and soft tissue cellulitis. Ulcerated oral lesions may place hospitalised paediatric patients at risk of A. baummanii infection.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2IwVhFC

Upregulation of eIF3a promotes cell survival in ameloblastoma

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Zhenjiang Ding, Jie Liu, Junting Wang, Biying Huang, Ming Zhong

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to detect the expression of eIF3a in ameloblastoma (AB) tissues compared with normal oral mucosa (NOM) tissues and investigate the roles of eIF3a in AM-1 cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Study Design

We performed immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of eIF3a in AB tissues (n = 83) and NOM tissues (n = 20). RT-qPCR and western blotting analyses were conducted with AB tissues (n = 30) and NOM tissues (n = 6). The correlation between eIF3a expression and the clinical/pathological features of AB patients is also presented. The functional role of eIF3a in AM-1 cells was assessed with lentiviral vector-mediated shRNA.

Results

Our results indicated that eIF3a was significantly upregulated in AB. Additionally, eIF3a knockdown in AM-1 cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis.

Conclusion

These data indicate that eIF3a facilitates the survival of AB cells and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for AB.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2TbNxNm

Diagnostic delay and sub-optimal management in persistent idiopathic facial pain and persistent dento-alveolar pain; a cross sectional study

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Yazan Hassona, Ahmad El-Ma'aita, Jacqueline Amarin, Anas Al Taee

Abstract

Objectives

To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges encountered by patients with persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP), and to investigate factors influencing its delayed diagnosis.

Study Design

In this cross-sectional study, 34 newly diagnosed PIFP patients were interviewed. Data about diagnostic delay, number and nature of previous consultations, and previous medical and surgical interventions were recorded. Pearson correlation and Student's t-test were used to examine differences among various variables in relation to diagnostic delay.

Results

The average time between the onset of symptoms to the correct diagnosis was 19.3 ±11.1 months. Diagnostic delay was significantly longer in patient with pain localized to intraoral sites (22.6 ± 7.4) compared to patients with extra-oral pain (16.1 ±9.3). The average number of health care professionals consulted before correct diagnosis was 3.7 ±2.3. General dental practitioners were the most commonly consulted professionals (n=27; 79.4%). On average, patients were offered 2.3± 0.24 misdiagnoses prior to correct diagnosis, and were prescribed 3.5 ± 2.4 classes of drugs. Twenty-five patients (73.5%) underwent unnecessary surgical/dental interventions.

Conclusion

Patients with PIFP are frequently misdiagnosed leading to prescription of ineffective medications and unnecessary investigations and surgical interventions. Educational efforts should emphasize on improving knowledge and awareness of this condition.

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Capping of silver nanoparticles by anti-inflammatory ligands: Antibacterial activity and superoxide anion generation

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: BiologyAuthor(s): Manuel I. Azócar, Romina Alarcón, Antonio Castillo, Jenny M. Blamey, Mariana Walter, Maritza PaezAbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely recognized as antibacterial agents. However, its stability and activity over time have been poorly studied. In this work, the properties and characteristics of differently stabilized AgNPs were evaluated during a span of time. The surface capping agents were diclofenac (d), and ketorolac (k), which currently are used as anti-inflammatory in human medicine. On evaluating the size variation over time, it was observed that the AgNPs-k are the most stable, unlike the non-capped nanoparticles agglomerate and precipitate. UV...

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Vocal Fold Paralysis/Paresis as a Marker for Poor Swallowing Outcomes After Thoracic Surgery Procedures

Abstract(1) To examine the association between vocal fold paresis/paralysis (VFP) and poor swallowing outcomes in a thoracic surgery cohort at the population level, and (2) to assess utilization of ENT/speech-language pathology intervention in these cases. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) represents a 20% stratified sample of discharges from US hospitals. Using ICD-9 codes, discharges undergoing general thoracic surgical procedures between 2008 and 2013 were identified in the NIS. Sub-cohorts of discharges with VFP and those who utilized ENT/SLP services were also identified. Weighted logistic regression models were used to compare binary outcomes such as dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, and other complications; generalized linear models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were ...

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Phonological Motivation for the Acquisition of Onomatopoeia: An Analysis of Early Words

. (Source: Language Learning and Development)

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Optimal diagnostic method using multidetector-row computed tomography for predicting lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer

Prediction of nodal involvement in colorectal cancer is an important aspect of preoperative workup to determine the necessity of preoperative treatment and the adequate extent of lymphadenectomy during surgery...

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The methods and techniques of identifying renal pedicle vessels during retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical and partial nephrectomy

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical and partial nephrectomy (RLRN and RLPN) have become the preferred modes of management for renal malignancy. One of the most critical steps in the RLRN and RLPN process is t...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2GW2EDY

Capping of silver nanoparticles by anti-inflammatory ligands: Antibacterial activity and superoxide anion generation

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: BiologyAuthor(s): Manuel I. Azócar, Romina Alarcón, Antonio Castillo, Jenny M. Blamey, Mariana Walter, Maritza PaezAbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely recognized as antibacterial agents. However, its stability and activity over time have been poorly studied. In this work, the properties and characteristics of differently stabilized AgNPs were evaluated during a span of time. The surface capping agents were diclofenac (d), and ketorolac (k), which currently are used as anti-inflammatory in human medicine. On evaluating the size variation over time, it was observed that the AgNPs-k are the most stable, unlike the non-capped nanoparticles agglomerate and precipitate. UV...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2U0fK6N

Vocal Fold Paralysis/Paresis as a Marker for Poor Swallowing Outcomes After Thoracic Surgery Procedures

Abstract(1) To examine the association between vocal fold paresis/paralysis (VFP) and poor swallowing outcomes in a thoracic surgery cohort at the population level, and (2) to assess utilization of ENT/speech-language pathology intervention in these cases. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) represents a 20% stratified sample of discharges from US hospitals. Using ICD-9 codes, discharges undergoing general thoracic surgical procedures between 2008 and 2013 were identified in the NIS. Sub-cohorts of discharges with VFP and those who utilized ENT/SLP services were also identified. Weighted logistic regression models were used to compare binary outcomes such as dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, and other complications; generalized linear models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were ...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2TaIhJN

Phonological Motivation for the Acquisition of Onomatopoeia: An Analysis of Early Words

. (Source: Language Learning and Development)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BNJpJC

Optimal diagnostic method using multidetector-row computed tomography for predicting lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer

Prediction of nodal involvement in colorectal cancer is an important aspect of preoperative workup to determine the necessity of preoperative treatment and the adequate extent of lymphadenectomy during surgery...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2tyuYV1

The methods and techniques of identifying renal pedicle vessels during retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical and partial nephrectomy

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical and partial nephrectomy (RLRN and RLPN) have become the preferred modes of management for renal malignancy. One of the most critical steps in the RLRN and RLPN process is t...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2GW2EDY

Normalization of breathing with adenotonsillectomy in Japanese pediatric OSA

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Auris Nasus Larynx

Author(s): Sachie Arima, Shigefumi Koike, Maki Fujinaga, Takenao Mihara, Shintaro Sato, Motohiko Suzuki, Shingo Murakami, Meiho Nakayama

Abstract

Objective

Since reports on surgical results for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Japan are insufficient for debate, this study aimed to evaluate the feature of Japanese OSA children and surgical result and document whether is obesity and affecting factor similar to non-Asian countries.

Methods

This is a retrospective study. A total of 242 children with OSA at the Department of Otolaryngology and the Good Sleep Center, Nagoya City University Hospital and the Toyohashi Mates Sleep Disorders Center were included in the study. All children underwent pre- and postsurgical polysomnography. OSA was defined as an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) 5 or greater. Pre- and postsurgical respiratory parameters were compared using paired T test.

Results

Normalization of breathing after surgery for OSA children was 40% with AHI < 2 and 85% with AHI < 5. Japanese OSA children are not as obese as OSA children in many non-Asian countries. However, the normalization of breathing as a result of surgery in Japanese OSA children does not differ much from non-Asian countries.

Conclusion

Japanese pediatric OSA that is not normalized by surgery may be affected by factors other than obesity.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Ve8xjR

Vocal Fold Paralysis/Paresis as a Marker for Poor Swallowing Outcomes After Thoracic Surgery Procedures

Abstract(1) To examine the association between vocal fold paresis/paralysis (VFP) and poor swallowing outcomes in a thoracic surgery cohort at the population level, and (2) to assess utilization of ENT/speech-language pathology intervention in these cases. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) represents a 20% stratified sample of discharges from US hospitals. Using ICD-9 codes, discharges undergoing general thoracic surgical procedures between 2008 and 2013 were identified in the NIS. Sub-cohorts of discharges with VFP and those who utilized ENT/SLP services were also identified. Weighted logistic regression models were used to compare binary outcomes such as dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, and other complications; generalized linear models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were ...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2TaIhJN

Normalization of breathing with adenotonsillectomy in Japanese pediatric OSA

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Auris Nasus Larynx

Author(s): Sachie Arima, Shigefumi Koike, Maki Fujinaga, Takenao Mihara, Shintaro Sato, Motohiko Suzuki, Shingo Murakami, Meiho Nakayama

Abstract

Objective

Since reports on surgical results for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Japan are insufficient for debate, this study aimed to evaluate the feature of Japanese OSA children and surgical result and document whether is obesity and affecting factor similar to non-Asian countries.

Methods

This is a retrospective study. A total of 242 children with OSA at the Department of Otolaryngology and the Good Sleep Center, Nagoya City University Hospital and the Toyohashi Mates Sleep Disorders Center were included in the study. All children underwent pre- and postsurgical polysomnography. OSA was defined as an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) 5 or greater. Pre- and postsurgical respiratory parameters were compared using paired T test.

Results

Normalization of breathing after surgery for OSA children was 40% with AHI < 2 and 85% with AHI < 5. Japanese OSA children are not as obese as OSA children in many non-Asian countries. However, the normalization of breathing as a result of surgery in Japanese OSA children does not differ much from non-Asian countries.

Conclusion

Japanese pediatric OSA that is not normalized by surgery may be affected by factors other than obesity.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Ve8xjR

Vocal Fold Paralysis/Paresis as a Marker for Poor Swallowing Outcomes After Thoracic Surgery Procedures

Abstract(1) To examine the association between vocal fold paresis/paralysis (VFP) and poor swallowing outcomes in a thoracic surgery cohort at the population level, and (2) to assess utilization of ENT/speech-language pathology intervention in these cases. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) represents a 20% stratified sample of discharges from US hospitals. Using ICD-9 codes, discharges undergoing general thoracic surgical procedures between 2008 and 2013 were identified in the NIS. Sub-cohorts of discharges with VFP and those who utilized ENT/SLP services were also identified. Weighted logistic regression models were used to compare binary outcomes such as dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, and other complications; generalized linear models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were ...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2TaIhJN

Usher Syndrome and Non-syndromic Deafness: Functions of Different Whirlin Isoforms in the Cochlea, Vestibular Organs, and Retina

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Pranav Dinesh Mathur, Jun Yang

Abstract

Usher syndrome (USH) is the leading cause of inherited combined vision and hearing loss. However, mutations in most USH causative genes lead to other diseases, such as hearing loss only or vision loss only. The molecular mechanisms underlying the variable disease manifestations associated with USH gene mutations are unclear. This review focuses on an USH type 2 (USH2) gene encoding whirlin (WHRN; previously known as DFNB31), mutations in which have been found to cause either USH2 subtype USH2D or autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness type 31 (DFNB31). This review summarizes the current knowledge about different whirlin isoforms encoded by WHRN orthologs in animal models, the interactions of different whirlin isoforms with their partners, and the function of whirlin isoforms in different cellular and subcellular locations. The recent findings regarding the function of whirlin isoforms suggest that disruption of different isoforms may be one of the mechanisms underlying the variable disease manifestations caused by USH gene mutations. This review also presents recent findings about the vestibular defects in Whrn mutant mouse models, which suggests that previous assumptions about the normal vestibular function of USH2 patients need to be re-evaluated. Finally, this review describes recent progress in developing therapeutics for diseases caused by WHRN mutations.

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Standardized questions in English for estimating tinnitus prevalence and severity, hearing difficulty and usage of healthcare resources, and their translation into 11 European languages

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Roshni Biswas, Alessandra Lugo, Silvano Gallus, Michael A. Akeroyd, Deborah A. Hall

Abstract

Introduction

Prevalence estimates depend largely on the nature of the question asked to define the presence of the health condition, and the literature on the population burden of tinnitus and hearing difficulties is no different in this respect. The lack of standardized questions for data collection limits comparison across studies and across countries. The purpose of this short Technical Note is to report the first attempt to establish a set of standard questions developed for use in population-based surveys, and their adaptation and translation from English into 11 European languages.

Methods

Four questions and their corresponding response options were adapted from existing population-based surveys to assess tinnitus prevalence, tinnitus symptom severity, use of healthcare resources for tinnitus and hearing difficulty. The translated versions (Bulgarian, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, and Spanish) were generated using recognized methods to achieve a "world-for-world" translation.

Results

Translated versions were produced with acceptable functional equivalence to the original English-language version, as judged by a small panel of bilingual speakers who participated in the online field testing.

Conclusion

This work is the first of its kind to promote multi-national standardization by creating a set of tools that can readily be used across countries. These are currently being used in a European-wide study of tinnitus prevalence, and have wider application across English- and Spanish speaking countries including the Americas and Oceania.

Graphical abstract

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An optimized, clinically relevant mouse model of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): K. Fernandez, T. Wafa, T.S. Fitzgerald, L.L. Cunningham

Abstract

Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity results in significant, permanent hearing loss in pediatric and adult cancer survivors. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced hearing loss as well as the development of therapies to reduce and/or reverse cisplatin ototoxicity have been impeded by suboptimal animal models. Clinically, cisplatin is most commonly administered in multi-dose, multi-cycle protocols. However, many animal studies are conducted using single injections of high-dose cisplatin, which is not reflective of clinical cisplatin administration protocols. Significant limitations of both high-dose, single-injection protocols and previous multi-dose protocols in rodent models include high mortality rates and relatively small changes in hearing sensitivity. These limitations restrict assessment of both long-term changes in hearing sensitivity and effects of potential protective therapies. Here, we present a detailed method for an optimized mouse model of cisplatin ototoxicity that utilizes a multi-cycle administration protocol that better approximates the type and degree of hearing loss observed clinically. This protocol results in significant hearing loss with very low mortality. This mouse model of cisplatin ototoxicity provides a platform for examining mechanisms of cisplatin-induced hearing loss as well as developing therapies to protect the hearing of cancer patients receiving cisplatin therapy.

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Usher Syndrome and Non-syndromic Deafness: Functions of Different Whirlin Isoforms in the Cochlea, Vestibular Organs, and Retina

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Pranav Dinesh Mathur, Jun Yang

Abstract

Usher syndrome (USH) is the leading cause of inherited combined vision and hearing loss. However, mutations in most USH causative genes lead to other diseases, such as hearing loss only or vision loss only. The molecular mechanisms underlying the variable disease manifestations associated with USH gene mutations are unclear. This review focuses on an USH type 2 (USH2) gene encoding whirlin (WHRN; previously known as DFNB31), mutations in which have been found to cause either USH2 subtype USH2D or autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness type 31 (DFNB31). This review summarizes the current knowledge about different whirlin isoforms encoded by WHRN orthologs in animal models, the interactions of different whirlin isoforms with their partners, and the function of whirlin isoforms in different cellular and subcellular locations. The recent findings regarding the function of whirlin isoforms suggest that disruption of different isoforms may be one of the mechanisms underlying the variable disease manifestations caused by USH gene mutations. This review also presents recent findings about the vestibular defects in Whrn mutant mouse models, which suggests that previous assumptions about the normal vestibular function of USH2 patients need to be re-evaluated. Finally, this review describes recent progress in developing therapeutics for diseases caused by WHRN mutations.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2ViEvM3

Standardized questions in English for estimating tinnitus prevalence and severity, hearing difficulty and usage of healthcare resources, and their translation into 11 European languages

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Roshni Biswas, Alessandra Lugo, Silvano Gallus, Michael A. Akeroyd, Deborah A. Hall

Abstract

Introduction

Prevalence estimates depend largely on the nature of the question asked to define the presence of the health condition, and the literature on the population burden of tinnitus and hearing difficulties is no different in this respect. The lack of standardized questions for data collection limits comparison across studies and across countries. The purpose of this short Technical Note is to report the first attempt to establish a set of standard questions developed for use in population-based surveys, and their adaptation and translation from English into 11 European languages.

Methods

Four questions and their corresponding response options were adapted from existing population-based surveys to assess tinnitus prevalence, tinnitus symptom severity, use of healthcare resources for tinnitus and hearing difficulty. The translated versions (Bulgarian, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, and Spanish) were generated using recognized methods to achieve a "world-for-world" translation.

Results

Translated versions were produced with acceptable functional equivalence to the original English-language version, as judged by a small panel of bilingual speakers who participated in the online field testing.

Conclusion

This work is the first of its kind to promote multi-national standardization by creating a set of tools that can readily be used across countries. These are currently being used in a European-wide study of tinnitus prevalence, and have wider application across English- and Spanish speaking countries including the Americas and Oceania.

Graphical abstract

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An optimized, clinically relevant mouse model of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): K. Fernandez, T. Wafa, T.S. Fitzgerald, L.L. Cunningham

Abstract

Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity results in significant, permanent hearing loss in pediatric and adult cancer survivors. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced hearing loss as well as the development of therapies to reduce and/or reverse cisplatin ototoxicity have been impeded by suboptimal animal models. Clinically, cisplatin is most commonly administered in multi-dose, multi-cycle protocols. However, many animal studies are conducted using single injections of high-dose cisplatin, which is not reflective of clinical cisplatin administration protocols. Significant limitations of both high-dose, single-injection protocols and previous multi-dose protocols in rodent models include high mortality rates and relatively small changes in hearing sensitivity. These limitations restrict assessment of both long-term changes in hearing sensitivity and effects of potential protective therapies. Here, we present a detailed method for an optimized mouse model of cisplatin ototoxicity that utilizes a multi-cycle administration protocol that better approximates the type and degree of hearing loss observed clinically. This protocol results in significant hearing loss with very low mortality. This mouse model of cisplatin ototoxicity provides a platform for examining mechanisms of cisplatin-induced hearing loss as well as developing therapies to protect the hearing of cancer patients receiving cisplatin therapy.

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Total IgE and atopic status in patients with severe chronic spontaneous urticaria unresponsive to omalizumab treatment

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Successful Treatment of Scedosporium Sinusitis in Two Lung Transplant Recipients: Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Management.

Related Articles

Successful Treatment of Scedosporium Sinusitis in Two Lung Transplant Recipients: Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Management.

Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2019 Jan-Dec;10:2152656719827253

Authors: Ference EH, Kubak BM, Zhang P, Suh JD

Abstract
Background: Scedosporium fungal infection is an emerging disease which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Patients undergoing lung transplant may be colonized prior to transplantation and are at risk for lethal allograft infection after transplantation.
Objectives: To identify and evaluate treatment options.
Methods: This study is a retrospective review of patients treated at a tertiary academic medical center from 2007 to 2017 with positive sinonasal cultures. A review of the literature was also performed to identify additional cases.
Results: Two lung transplant patients had a positive culture for Scedosporium. The literature search resulted in 37 citations, which yielded only 2 prior cases of Scedosporium paranasal sinus colonization or infection in lung transplant recipients. Three of the 4 patients had cystic fibrosis. Two of the patients were colonized before initial transplant, while 1 patient was colonized before subsequent transplant. Three of the 4 patients survived, and all 3 had disease isolated to their sinuses and lungs treated with sinus surgery, while the fourth had disseminated disease and did not undergo sinus surgery. All patients were treated with multiple antifungals due to resistance patterns. One surviving patient cleared both sinus and lung cultures in less than 1 month, while the other 2 surviving patients achieved negative cultures after a minimum of 6 months.
Conclusions: Surgery may be especially important in patients with fungal sinus colonization or infection before or after lung transplantation. Chronic sinusitis is an important source for persistent fungal colonization and reinfection of the allograft which could be removed with surgical debridement before causing highly morbid pulmonary disease.

PMID: 30792939 [PubMed]

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Total IgE and atopic status in patients with severe chronic spontaneous urticaria unresponsive to omalizumab treatment

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Successful Treatment of Scedosporium Sinusitis in Two Lung Transplant Recipients: Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Management.

Related Articles

Successful Treatment of Scedosporium Sinusitis in Two Lung Transplant Recipients: Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Management.

Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2019 Jan-Dec;10:2152656719827253

Authors: Ference EH, Kubak BM, Zhang P, Suh JD

Abstract
Background: Scedosporium fungal infection is an emerging disease which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Patients undergoing lung transplant may be colonized prior to transplantation and are at risk for lethal allograft infection after transplantation.
Objectives: To identify and evaluate treatment options.
Methods: This study is a retrospective review of patients treated at a tertiary academic medical center from 2007 to 2017 with positive sinonasal cultures. A review of the literature was also performed to identify additional cases.
Results: Two lung transplant patients had a positive culture for Scedosporium. The literature search resulted in 37 citations, which yielded only 2 prior cases of Scedosporium paranasal sinus colonization or infection in lung transplant recipients. Three of the 4 patients had cystic fibrosis. Two of the patients were colonized before initial transplant, while 1 patient was colonized before subsequent transplant. Three of the 4 patients survived, and all 3 had disease isolated to their sinuses and lungs treated with sinus surgery, while the fourth had disseminated disease and did not undergo sinus surgery. All patients were treated with multiple antifungals due to resistance patterns. One surviving patient cleared both sinus and lung cultures in less than 1 month, while the other 2 surviving patients achieved negative cultures after a minimum of 6 months.
Conclusions: Surgery may be especially important in patients with fungal sinus colonization or infection before or after lung transplantation. Chronic sinusitis is an important source for persistent fungal colonization and reinfection of the allograft which could be removed with surgical debridement before causing highly morbid pulmonary disease.

PMID: 30792939 [PubMed]

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Enhanced radiocesium uptake by rice with fermented bark and ammonium salt amendments

Publication date: June 2019

Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 202

Author(s): Xiaotong Sun, Shizusa Kobayashi, Ai Tokue, Hideyuki Itabashi, Masanobu Mori

Abstract

There are ongoing problems with radioactive cesium (Cs) contaminated agricultural soil after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. In this study, the behavior of Cs uptake by rice plants grown in soil sprayed with fermented bark amendment (FBA) was investigated. In rice cultivation by pot, the application of FBA resulted in the acceleration of Cs uptake by rice plants. This might be related to the reduction of oxidation reduction potential in the soil caused by spraying FBA. Also, when 0.1 wt% ammonium sulfate was used as a fertilizer in Cs-contaminated soil, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Cs taken up into rice straw was 1.4-times higher than that in soil sprayed with FBA. The Cs uptake effect was further enhanced by the combination of 1 wt% FBA with 0.1 wt% ammonium sulfate to soil where the BCF was enhanced to 1.8-times higher than that in soil sprayed with FBA alone. The enhanced uptake into rice was likely because of accelerated uptake of leachable forms of Cs based on the cation-exchange to NH₄⁺ in soil; this was confirmed by the Cs fractionation by sequential extraction procedures. The phytoremediation capability of rice is considered to be lower than that of commonly used phytoremediation plants, but supplementation with FBA and ammonium salt could enhance Cs accumulation even for low-efficiency phytoremediation plants.

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Enhanced radiocesium uptake by rice with fermented bark and ammonium salt amendments

Publication date: June 2019

Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 202

Author(s): Xiaotong Sun, Shizusa Kobayashi, Ai Tokue, Hideyuki Itabashi, Masanobu Mori

Abstract

There are ongoing problems with radioactive cesium (Cs) contaminated agricultural soil after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. In this study, the behavior of Cs uptake by rice plants grown in soil sprayed with fermented bark amendment (FBA) was investigated. In rice cultivation by pot, the application of FBA resulted in the acceleration of Cs uptake by rice plants. This might be related to the reduction of oxidation reduction potential in the soil caused by spraying FBA. Also, when 0.1 wt% ammonium sulfate was used as a fertilizer in Cs-contaminated soil, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Cs taken up into rice straw was 1.4-times higher than that in soil sprayed with FBA. The Cs uptake effect was further enhanced by the combination of 1 wt% FBA with 0.1 wt% ammonium sulfate to soil where the BCF was enhanced to 1.8-times higher than that in soil sprayed with FBA alone. The enhanced uptake into rice was likely because of accelerated uptake of leachable forms of Cs based on the cation-exchange to NH₄⁺ in soil; this was confirmed by the Cs fractionation by sequential extraction procedures. The phytoremediation capability of rice is considered to be lower than that of commonly used phytoremediation plants, but supplementation with FBA and ammonium salt could enhance Cs accumulation even for low-efficiency phytoremediation plants.

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Tonsillar Hyperplasia and Recurrent Acute Tonsillitis in children: immunohistochemical evaluation of the lymphatic tissue

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): João Henrique do Amaral e Silva, Élia Cláudia de Souza Almeida, Júlio Cláudio Sousa, Luciana Guedes Vilela Reis, Jacqueline Batista Sousa, Renata Margarida Etchebehere

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Tonsillar Hyperplasia and Recurrent Acute Tonsillitis in children: immunohistochemical evaluation of the lymphatic tissue

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): João Henrique do Amaral e Silva, Élia Cláudia de Souza Almeida, Júlio Cláudio Sousa, Luciana Guedes Vilela Reis, Jacqueline Batista Sousa, Renata Margarida Etchebehere

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Bcl‐2 is a prognostic marker and its silencing inhibits recurrence in ameloblastomas

Abstract

Objectives

Ameloblastomas are the most common odontogenic epithelial tumors with high recurrence rate. The aim of this study is to identify apoptosis‐related genes with recurrence of ameloblastomas and to evaluate its feasibility as a prognostic marker and as a target molecule preventing from recurrence.

Materials and Methods

Public microarray data were analyzed. To evaluate their expression in ameloblastoma patients, immunohistochemical staining was performed in 89 human ameloblastoma tissues. Quantitative‐PCR was performed by use of ameloblastoma cell line, AM‐1. FACS analysis and western blotting were conducted following transfection with siRNA. Further, AM‐1 cells were implanted in the renal subcapsular layer of immunodeficient mice.

Results

Microarray data analysis revealed that Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) were the two most upregulated genes in ameloblastoma. Only Bcl‐2 expression was significantly (P = 0.020) associated with recurrence in conservative treatment group (n = 17) among 89 patients. Silencing of Bcl‐2 increased apoptosis in AM‐1 cells in vitro and inhibited tumor nodule formation of AM‐1 cells in vivo.

Conclusion

These results suggest that Bcl‐2 expression is a useful biomarker to predict recurrence of ameloblastomas, and as a therapeutic target molecule to prevent recurrence of ameloblastoma.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Subset of cd8+ and foxp3 + t cells in lichen planus associated with chronic hepatitis c infection

Abstract

Objective

To verify whether there are differences between populations of CD8+ and FoxP3+ T cells in lesions of oral lichen planus associated with hepatitis C virus chronic infection (OLP‐HCV) and lesions of idiopathic oral lichen planus (OLP‐I).

Materials & Methods

A case‐control study was performed using a convenience sample of 11 paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks of OLP‐HCV and 19 of OLP‐I. Histological sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin were used to classify the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify CD8+ and FoxP3+ T cells. The count of positive cells was compared between the two groups and correlated to clinical and demographic data (P < 0.05).

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of CD8+ and FoxP3+ T cells regarding the inflammatory infiltrate in lesions of OLP‐HCV and OLP‐I. Atrophic/erosive lesions showed a higher relationship between counts of CD8/FoxP3 T cells per mm² (P = 0.018) and counts of CD8+ T cells per mm² (p = 0.034) in OLP‐HCV group compared to OLP‐I group.

Conclusion

Overall, no difference was found between cell populations in the lesions of OLP‐HCV and OLP‐I. However, atrophic/erosive lesions of OLP‐HCV had a higher amount of CD8+ T cells and lower FoxP3 expression.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Bcl‐2 is a prognostic marker and its silencing inhibits recurrence in ameloblastomas

Abstract

Objectives

Ameloblastomas are the most common odontogenic epithelial tumors with high recurrence rate. The aim of this study is to identify apoptosis‐related genes with recurrence of ameloblastomas and to evaluate its feasibility as a prognostic marker and as a target molecule preventing from recurrence.

Materials and Methods

Public microarray data were analyzed. To evaluate their expression in ameloblastoma patients, immunohistochemical staining was performed in 89 human ameloblastoma tissues. Quantitative‐PCR was performed by use of ameloblastoma cell line, AM‐1. FACS analysis and western blotting were conducted following transfection with siRNA. Further, AM‐1 cells were implanted in the renal subcapsular layer of immunodeficient mice.

Results

Microarray data analysis revealed that Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) were the two most upregulated genes in ameloblastoma. Only Bcl‐2 expression was significantly (P = 0.020) associated with recurrence in conservative treatment group (n = 17) among 89 patients. Silencing of Bcl‐2 increased apoptosis in AM‐1 cells in vitro and inhibited tumor nodule formation of AM‐1 cells in vivo.

Conclusion

These results suggest that Bcl‐2 expression is a useful biomarker to predict recurrence of ameloblastomas, and as a therapeutic target molecule to prevent recurrence of ameloblastoma.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Subset of cd8+ and foxp3 + t cells in lichen planus associated with chronic hepatitis c infection

Abstract

Objective

To verify whether there are differences between populations of CD8+ and FoxP3+ T cells in lesions of oral lichen planus associated with hepatitis C virus chronic infection (OLP‐HCV) and lesions of idiopathic oral lichen planus (OLP‐I).

Materials & Methods

A case‐control study was performed using a convenience sample of 11 paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks of OLP‐HCV and 19 of OLP‐I. Histological sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin were used to classify the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify CD8+ and FoxP3+ T cells. The count of positive cells was compared between the two groups and correlated to clinical and demographic data (P < 0.05).

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of CD8+ and FoxP3+ T cells regarding the inflammatory infiltrate in lesions of OLP‐HCV and OLP‐I. Atrophic/erosive lesions showed a higher relationship between counts of CD8/FoxP3 T cells per mm² (P = 0.018) and counts of CD8+ T cells per mm² (p = 0.034) in OLP‐HCV group compared to OLP‐I group.

Conclusion

Overall, no difference was found between cell populations in the lesions of OLP‐HCV and OLP‐I. However, atrophic/erosive lesions of OLP‐HCV had a higher amount of CD8+ T cells and lower FoxP3 expression.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Functional neuroanatomical review of the ventral tegmental area

Publication date: 1 May 2019

Source: NeuroImage, Volume 191

Author(s): Anne C. Trutti, Martijn J. Mulder, Bernhard Hommel, Birte U. Forstmann

Abstract

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are assumed to play a key role in dopamine-related functions such as reward-related behaviour, motivation, addiction and motor functioning. Although dopamine-producing midbrain structures are bordering, they show significant differences in structure and function that argue for a distinction when studying the functions of the dopaminergic midbrain, especially by means of neuroimaging. First, unlike the SNc, the VTA is not a nucleus, which makes it difficult to delineate the structure due to lack of clear anatomical borders. Second, there is no consensus in the literature about the anatomical nomenclature to describe the VTA. Third, these factors in combination with limitations in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) complicate VTA visualization. We suggest that developing an MRI-compatible probabilistic atlas of the VTA will help to overcome these issues. Such an atlas can be used to identify the individual VTA and serve as region-of-interest for functional MRI.

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Functional specialization of macaque premotor F5 subfields with respect to hand and mouth movements: A comparison of task and resting-state fMRI

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): S. Sharma, D. Mantini, W. Vanduffel, K. Nelissen

Abstract

Based on architectonic, tract-tracing or functional criteria, the rostral portion of ventral premotor cortex in the macaque monkey, also termed area F5, has been divided into several subfields. Cytoarchitectonical investigations suggest the existence of three subfields, F5c (convexity), F5p (posterior) and F5a (anterior). Electrophysiological investigations have suggested a gradual dorso-ventral transition from hand-to mouth-dominated motor fields, with F5p and ventral F5c strictly related to hand movements and mouth movements, respectively. The involvement of F5a in this respect, however, has received much less attention. Recently, data-driven resting-state fMRI approaches have also been used to examine the presence of distinct functional fields in macaque ventral premotor cortex. Although these studies have suggested several functional clusters in/near macaque F5, so far the parcellation schemes derived from these clustering methods do not completely retrieve the same level of F5 specialization as suggested by aforementioned invasive techniques. Here, using seed-based resting-state fMRI analyses, we examined the functional connectivity of different F5 seeds with key regions of the hand and face/mouth parieto-frontal-insular motor networks. In addition, we trained monkeys to perform either hand grasping or ingestive mouth movements in the scanner in order to compare resting-state with task-derived functional hand and mouth motor networks. In line with previous single-cell investigations, task-fMRI suggests involvement of F5p, dorsal F5c and F5a in the execution of hand grasping movements, while non-communicative mouth movements yielded particularly pronounced responses in ventral F5c. Corroborating with anatomical tracing data of macaque F5 subfields, seed-based resting-state fMRI suggests a transition from predominant functional correlations with the hand-motor network in F5p to mostly mouth-motor network functional correlations in ventral F5c. Dorsal F5c yielded robust functional correlations with both hand- and mouth-motor networks. In addition, the deepest part of the fundus of the inferior arcuate, corresponding to area 44, displayed a strikingly different functional connectivity profile compared to neighboring F5a, suggesting a different functional specialization for these two neighboring regions.

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The disentanglement of the neural and experiential complexity of self-generated thoughts: A users guide to combining experience sampling with neuroimaging data

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Léa M. Martinon, Jonathan Smallwood, Deborah McGann, Colin Hamilton, Leigh M. Riby

Abstract

Human cognition is not limited to the processing of events in the external environment, and the covert nature of certain aspects of the stream of consciousness (e.g. experiences such as mind-wandering) provides a methodological challenge. Although research has shown that we spend a substantial amount of time focused on thoughts and feelings that are intrinsically generated, evaluating such internal states, purely on psychological grounds can be restrictive. In this review of the different methods used to examine patterns of ongoing thought, we emphasise how the process of triangulation between neuroimaging techniques, with self-reported information, is important for the development of a more empirically grounded account of ongoing thought. Specifically, we show how imaging techniques have provided critical information regarding the presence of covert states and can help in the attempt to identify different aspects of experience.

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Functional neuroanatomical review of the ventral tegmental area

Publication date: 1 May 2019

Source: NeuroImage, Volume 191

Author(s): Anne C. Trutti, Martijn J. Mulder, Bernhard Hommel, Birte U. Forstmann

Abstract

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are assumed to play a key role in dopamine-related functions such as reward-related behaviour, motivation, addiction and motor functioning. Although dopamine-producing midbrain structures are bordering, they show significant differences in structure and function that argue for a distinction when studying the functions of the dopaminergic midbrain, especially by means of neuroimaging. First, unlike the SNc, the VTA is not a nucleus, which makes it difficult to delineate the structure due to lack of clear anatomical borders. Second, there is no consensus in the literature about the anatomical nomenclature to describe the VTA. Third, these factors in combination with limitations in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) complicate VTA visualization. We suggest that developing an MRI-compatible probabilistic atlas of the VTA will help to overcome these issues. Such an atlas can be used to identify the individual VTA and serve as region-of-interest for functional MRI.

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Functional specialization of macaque premotor F5 subfields with respect to hand and mouth movements: A comparison of task and resting-state fMRI

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): S. Sharma, D. Mantini, W. Vanduffel, K. Nelissen

Abstract

Based on architectonic, tract-tracing or functional criteria, the rostral portion of ventral premotor cortex in the macaque monkey, also termed area F5, has been divided into several subfields. Cytoarchitectonical investigations suggest the existence of three subfields, F5c (convexity), F5p (posterior) and F5a (anterior). Electrophysiological investigations have suggested a gradual dorso-ventral transition from hand-to mouth-dominated motor fields, with F5p and ventral F5c strictly related to hand movements and mouth movements, respectively. The involvement of F5a in this respect, however, has received much less attention. Recently, data-driven resting-state fMRI approaches have also been used to examine the presence of distinct functional fields in macaque ventral premotor cortex. Although these studies have suggested several functional clusters in/near macaque F5, so far the parcellation schemes derived from these clustering methods do not completely retrieve the same level of F5 specialization as suggested by aforementioned invasive techniques. Here, using seed-based resting-state fMRI analyses, we examined the functional connectivity of different F5 seeds with key regions of the hand and face/mouth parieto-frontal-insular motor networks. In addition, we trained monkeys to perform either hand grasping or ingestive mouth movements in the scanner in order to compare resting-state with task-derived functional hand and mouth motor networks. In line with previous single-cell investigations, task-fMRI suggests involvement of F5p, dorsal F5c and F5a in the execution of hand grasping movements, while non-communicative mouth movements yielded particularly pronounced responses in ventral F5c. Corroborating with anatomical tracing data of macaque F5 subfields, seed-based resting-state fMRI suggests a transition from predominant functional correlations with the hand-motor network in F5p to mostly mouth-motor network functional correlations in ventral F5c. Dorsal F5c yielded robust functional correlations with both hand- and mouth-motor networks. In addition, the deepest part of the fundus of the inferior arcuate, corresponding to area 44, displayed a strikingly different functional connectivity profile compared to neighboring F5a, suggesting a different functional specialization for these two neighboring regions.

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The disentanglement of the neural and experiential complexity of self-generated thoughts: A users guide to combining experience sampling with neuroimaging data

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Léa M. Martinon, Jonathan Smallwood, Deborah McGann, Colin Hamilton, Leigh M. Riby

Abstract

Human cognition is not limited to the processing of events in the external environment, and the covert nature of certain aspects of the stream of consciousness (e.g. experiences such as mind-wandering) provides a methodological challenge. Although research has shown that we spend a substantial amount of time focused on thoughts and feelings that are intrinsically generated, evaluating such internal states, purely on psychological grounds can be restrictive. In this review of the different methods used to examine patterns of ongoing thought, we emphasise how the process of triangulation between neuroimaging techniques, with self-reported information, is important for the development of a more empirically grounded account of ongoing thought. Specifically, we show how imaging techniques have provided critical information regarding the presence of covert states and can help in the attempt to identify different aspects of experience.

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Spectral CT Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma From Primary Small Intestinal Lymphoma

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2019

Source: Academic Radiology

Author(s): Chuang-bo Yang, Nan Yu, Yong-jun Jian, Yong Yu, Hai-feng Duan, Xi-rong Zhang, Guang-ming Ma, Youmin Guo, Xiaoyi Duan

Purpose

To investigate the value of dual-energy spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging in the differential diagnosis of small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) from primary small intestinal lymphoma (PSIL).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the images of 27 SBA cases and 15 PSIL cases. These patients underwent spectral CT imaging in the arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP). CT attenuation values of tumors at different energy levels were measured to generate spectral attenuation curve and to calculate curve slope (λ_HU). Iodine concentration (IC) in tumors at AP and VP were measured and normalized to that of aorta as normalized iodine concentration (NIC). Independent samples t test was used to analyze the spectral CT parameters; Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of each parameter.

Results

There were significant differences between SBA and PSIL in IC (2.09 ± 0.71 vs 1.33 ± 0.15 mg/ml), NIC (0.20 ± 0.06 vs 0.13 ± 0.02) and slope (λ_HU) (2.78 ± 1.06 vs 1.86 ± 0.30) in AP and (1.86 ± 0.68 vs 1.37 ± 0.18 mg/ml for IC; 0.47 ± 0.13 vs 0.33 ± 0.02 for NIC and 2.00 ± 0.56 vs 1.50 ± 0.26 for λ_HU) in VP (all p < 0.05). For the CT value measurement, there were significant differences between SBA and PSIL in the 40–60keV energy range (p < 0.05), but not in the 70–140keV range (p > 0.05). Using 1.38 mg/ml as a threshold value for iodine concentration at AP, one could obtain the area-under-curve of 0.93 for receiver operating characteristic study and sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 85% for differentiating SBA from PSIL. The sensitivity and specificity values were significantly higher than the respective values of 62% and 60% with the conventional CT numbers at 70keV.

Conclusion

Quantitative parameters obtained in spectral CT, especially iodine concentration in AP, provide high accuracy for differentiating SBA from PSIL.

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