Authors: Granton E, Kim JH, Podstawka J, Yipp BG Abstract Lung capillaries, best known for vital gas exchange, also contribute to neutrophil margination, a phenomenon resulting in large numbers of pulmonary vascular neutrophils. Importantly, the functional relevance of neutrophil margination is unknown. Recent advances in microscopy have altered our understanding of why neutrophils marginate. Specifically, data show that lung capillaries provide a unique anatomical site for neutrophils to capture bloodstream pathogens, which contrasts the conventional monophagocytic-dominated vascular host defense of the spleen and liver. Moreover, lung capillaries provide an efficient site for direct cell-cell communication required for the induction of apoptosis in aged neutrophils. These new ide...
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Πέμπτη 27 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018
The Lung Microvasculature Is a Functional Immune Niche.
Natural Killer Cells in Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy.
Authors: Liu P, Chen L, Zhang H Abstract Nature killer (NK) cells play a critical role in host innate and adaptive immune defense against viral infections and tumors. NK cells are enriched in liver hematopoietic cells with unique NK repertories and functions to safeguard liver cells against hepatitis virus infection or malignancy transformation. However, accumulating evidences were found that the NK cells were modulated by liver diseases and liver cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and showed impaired functions failing to activate the elimination of the viral-infected cells or tumor cells and were further involved in the pathogenesis of liver injury and inflammation. The full characterization of circulation and intrahepatic NK cell phenotype and function in liver dise...
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The Lung Microvasculature Is a Functional Immune Niche.
Authors: Granton E, Kim JH, Podstawka J, Yipp BG Abstract Lung capillaries, best known for vital gas exchange, also contribute to neutrophil margination, a phenomenon resulting in large numbers of pulmonary vascular neutrophils. Importantly, the functional relevance of neutrophil margination is unknown. Recent advances in microscopy have altered our understanding of why neutrophils marginate. Specifically, data show that lung capillaries provide a unique anatomical site for neutrophils to capture bloodstream pathogens, which contrasts the conventional monophagocytic-dominated vascular host defense of the spleen and liver. Moreover, lung capillaries provide an efficient site for direct cell-cell communication required for the induction of apoptosis in aged neutrophils. These new ide...
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Molecular diagnostics improves diagnosis and treatment of respiratory allergy and food allergy with economic optimization and cost saving.
CONCLUSION: There is moderate agreement concerning prescription of AIT and self-injectable adrenaline before and after performing CRD: this highlights the usefulness of CRD, at least in polysensitized patients, in indicating the risk assessment and therefore the correct therapy of respiratory and food allergy, which results in a cost-saving approach. PMID: 30245286 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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Molecular diagnostics improves diagnosis and treatment of respiratory allergy and food allergy with economic optimization and cost saving.
CONCLUSION: There is moderate agreement concerning prescription of AIT and self-injectable adrenaline before and after performing CRD: this highlights the usefulness of CRD, at least in polysensitized patients, in indicating the risk assessment and therefore the correct therapy of respiratory and food allergy, which results in a cost-saving approach. PMID: 30245286 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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Prevalence of self-reported drug hypersensitivity reactions among Lithuanian children and adults.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of self-reported DHRs in Lithuania is higher among adults than children. Drug-induced skin reactions were the predominant symptom in both groups. Besides female gender and age, a positive family history of DHR and presence of pollen or food allergy may be associated with DHR. PMID: 30245285 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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Prevalence of self-reported drug hypersensitivity reactions among Lithuanian children and adults.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of self-reported DHRs in Lithuania is higher among adults than children. Drug-induced skin reactions were the predominant symptom in both groups. Besides female gender and age, a positive family history of DHR and presence of pollen or food allergy may be associated with DHR. PMID: 30245285 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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Dentofacial deformities and implications on quality of life: a pre-surgical multifactorial analysis in patients seeking orthognathic surgical treatment
To perform a quality of life survey in patients with skeletal malocclusion before undergoing orthognathic surgery, as well as delineate the sociodemographic profile and detect factors that may alter the quality of life.
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Treatment of urticarial vasculitis: A systematic review
Urticarial vasculitis (UV) is a difficult-to-treat condition characterized by long-lasting urticarial rashes and histopathologic findings of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Treatment is dictated by severity of skin and systemic involvement and the underlying systemic disease. This is a comprehensive systematic review of the efficacy of current UV treatment options. We searched for relevant studies in seven databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. In total, 261 eligible studies and 789 unique UV patients were included in the systematic review.
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Treatment of urticarial vasculitis: A systematic review
Urticarial vasculitis (UV) is a difficult-to-treat condition characterized by long-lasting urticarial rashes and histopathologic findings of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Treatment is dictated by severity of skin and systemic involvement and the underlying systemic disease. This is a comprehensive systematic review of the efficacy of current UV treatment options. We searched for relevant studies in seven databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. In total, 261 eligible studies and 789 unique UV patients were included in the systematic review.
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The anatomy of the superficial temporal artery in patients with unilateral microtia.
This is a retrospective study that evaluated the anatomical distribution of the superficial temporal artery (STA) in supply of the temporoparietal fascial (TPF) flap for use in unilateral microtia patients undergoing reconstruction. We aimed to determine if embryologic arrest of pharyngeal arch development would lead to aberrant STA which impedes reliable harvest of the TPF flap in patients requiring microtia repair.
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A skewed pool of resident T cells triggers psoriasis-associated tissue responses in never-lesional psoriasis skin
In psoriasis patients, the skin that has not yet experienced the disease harbours resident T cells with the potential to drive psoriasiform tissue responses.
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The anatomy of the superficial temporal artery in patients with unilateral microtia.
This is a retrospective study that evaluated the anatomical distribution of the superficial temporal artery (STA) in supply of the temporoparietal fascial (TPF) flap for use in unilateral microtia patients undergoing reconstruction. We aimed to determine if embryologic arrest of pharyngeal arch development would lead to aberrant STA which impedes reliable harvest of the TPF flap in patients requiring microtia repair.
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The Clock Keeps on Ticking: Emerging Roles for Circadian Regulation in the Control of Fungal Physiology and Pathogenesis.
Authors: Larrondo LF, Canessa P Abstract Tic-tac, tic-tac, the sound of time is familiar to us, yet, it also silently shapes daily biological processes conferring 24-hour rhythms in, among others, cellular and systemic signaling, gene expression, and metabolism. Indeed, circadian clocks are molecular machines that permit temporal control of a variety of processes in individuals, with a close to 24-hour period, optimizing cellular dynamics in synchrony with daily environmental cycles. For over three decades, the molecular bases of these clocks have been extensively described in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, yet, there have been few molecular studies in fungi other than Neurospora, despite evidence of rhythmic phenomena in many fungal species, including pathogenic ones. T...
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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QjcKAz
The Clock Keeps on Ticking: Emerging Roles for Circadian Regulation in the Control of Fungal Physiology and Pathogenesis.
Authors: Larrondo LF, Canessa P Abstract Tic-tac, tic-tac, the sound of time is familiar to us, yet, it also silently shapes daily biological processes conferring 24-hour rhythms in, among others, cellular and systemic signaling, gene expression, and metabolism. Indeed, circadian clocks are molecular machines that permit temporal control of a variety of processes in individuals, with a close to 24-hour period, optimizing cellular dynamics in synchrony with daily environmental cycles. For over three decades, the molecular bases of these clocks have been extensively described in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, yet, there have been few molecular studies in fungi other than Neurospora, despite evidence of rhythmic phenomena in many fungal species, including pathogenic ones. T...
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Preoperative dexamethasone for acute post-thoracotomy analgesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Abstract
Background
The analgesic effects of dexamethasone have been reported previously, and the present study determined the effects of preoperative dexamethasone on postoperative pain in patients who received thoracotomy.
Methods
Forty patients participated in this randomized, double-blind study. All patients received either dexamethasone via a 0.1 mg/kg intravenous bolus before anesthetic induction or an equal volume of saline. Postoperative analgesia was provided to both groups via epidural patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), which consisted of 250 μg of sufentanil in 250 mL of ropivacaine (0.18%) for 72 h. The primary outcome was the cumulative consumption of epidural PCA at postoperative 24 and 72 h. The secondary outcomes were the pain intensity scores during resting and coughing at postoperative 24 and 72 h, quality of recovery, total amount of rescue analgesics required, and length of hospital stay.
Results
No significant differences was observed in the consumption of epidural PCA between the control and dexamethasone infusion groups at 24 h (63.6 [55.9–72.7] vs. 68.5 [60.2–89.0] ml, P = 0.281) and 72 h (199.4 [172.4–225.1] vs. 194.7 [169.1–252.2] ml, P = 0.890). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the pain intensity scores during resting and coughing at postoperative 24 and 72 h, quality of recovery, total amount of rescue analgesics required, and length of hospital stay.
Conclusion
A single intravenous administration of dexamethasone during the preoperative period does not reduce opioid consumption and post-thoracotomy pain.
Trial registration
The study was registered at http://cris.nih.go.kr (KCT0000359) and was conducted from December 2011 to October 2012.
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Preoperative dexamethasone for acute post-thoracotomy analgesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Abstract
Background
The analgesic effects of dexamethasone have been reported previously, and the present study determined the effects of preoperative dexamethasone on postoperative pain in patients who received thoracotomy.
Methods
Forty patients participated in this randomized, double-blind study. All patients received either dexamethasone via a 0.1 mg/kg intravenous bolus before anesthetic induction or an equal volume of saline. Postoperative analgesia was provided to both groups via epidural patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), which consisted of 250 μg of sufentanil in 250 mL of ropivacaine (0.18%) for 72 h. The primary outcome was the cumulative consumption of epidural PCA at postoperative 24 and 72 h. The secondary outcomes were the pain intensity scores during resting and coughing at postoperative 24 and 72 h, quality of recovery, total amount of rescue analgesics required, and length of hospital stay.
Results
No significant differences was observed in the consumption of epidural PCA between the control and dexamethasone infusion groups at 24 h (63.6 [55.9–72.7] vs. 68.5 [60.2–89.0] ml, P = 0.281) and 72 h (199.4 [172.4–225.1] vs. 194.7 [169.1–252.2] ml, P = 0.890). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the pain intensity scores during resting and coughing at postoperative 24 and 72 h, quality of recovery, total amount of rescue analgesics required, and length of hospital stay.
Conclusion
A single intravenous administration of dexamethasone during the preoperative period does not reduce opioid consumption and post-thoracotomy pain.
Trial registration
The study was registered at http://cris.nih.go.kr (KCT0000359) and was conducted from December 2011 to October 2012.
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Effect of topical ropivacaine on the response to endotracheal tube during emergence from general anesthesia: a prospective randomized double-blind controlled study
Abstract
Background
The airway reflex such as cough is common accompanied with severe fluctuations of hemodynamics during emergence. This prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial tested the hypothesis that topical ropivacaine may reduce extubation response and postoperative sore throat.
Methods
Fifty-four patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to two groups. The patients in Group R were received 0.75% ropivacaine, which was sprayed on the tracheal mucosa, epiglottis, tongue base, and glottis to achieve uniform surface anesthesia. As control, patients in Group C were received the same volume saline. The primiary outcome was the incidence and grade of cough during peri-extubation.
Results
The incidence (34.62% vs. 76.92%, P = 0.002) of cough during extubation were lower in Group R compared to Group C. Meanwhile, the sore throat visual acuity score at 12 h after surgery was lower in Group R than that in Group C (2.00 vs. 3.50, P = 0.040).
Conclusion
Topical anesthesia with 0.75% ropivacaine before intubation can significantly reduce the incidence of cough during peri-extubation. Meanwhile, it reduced hemodynamic fluctuations and postoperative throat pain without influence patients recovery.
Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800014412 (date of registration January 2018).
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Effect of topical ropivacaine on the response to endotracheal tube during emergence from general anesthesia: a prospective randomized double-blind controlled study
Abstract
Background
The airway reflex such as cough is common accompanied with severe fluctuations of hemodynamics during emergence. This prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial tested the hypothesis that topical ropivacaine may reduce extubation response and postoperative sore throat.
Methods
Fifty-four patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to two groups. The patients in Group R were received 0.75% ropivacaine, which was sprayed on the tracheal mucosa, epiglottis, tongue base, and glottis to achieve uniform surface anesthesia. As control, patients in Group C were received the same volume saline. The primiary outcome was the incidence and grade of cough during peri-extubation.
Results
The incidence (34.62% vs. 76.92%, P = 0.002) of cough during extubation were lower in Group R compared to Group C. Meanwhile, the sore throat visual acuity score at 12 h after surgery was lower in Group R than that in Group C (2.00 vs. 3.50, P = 0.040).
Conclusion
Topical anesthesia with 0.75% ropivacaine before intubation can significantly reduce the incidence of cough during peri-extubation. Meanwhile, it reduced hemodynamic fluctuations and postoperative throat pain without influence patients recovery.
Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800014412 (date of registration January 2018).
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A prospective pilotstudy comparing the anesthetic effects of an alpha-2 agonist during holmium laser resection of the prostate and transurethral resection for prostate surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia patients using selective alpha-1 blockers
Abstract
Background
To examine the response to an α2receptor agonist used as a sedative for patients using long-term selective α1 blockers.
Methods
Sixty-nine consecutive patients undergoing transurethral prostate resection or holmium laser resection of the prostateunder spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups; group N (n = 37), which did not receive α1 blockers, and group T (n = 32), which was administered tamsulosin for at least 1 month before the study. Bispectral index scores, Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale scores, heart rate, and mean blood pressure were obtained under sedation using dexmedetomidine for 30 min during surgery.
Results
The only significant difference found between the groups were mean bloodpressure 15 min after the first loading dose injection of dexmedetomidine. Differencesbetween both groupswere noted at 15 min(group T: 100.2 ± 12.9 mmHg; group N: 90.0 ± 17.5 mmHg; P = 0.08), 20 min (group T: 99.8 ± 12.3 mmHg; group N: 87.4 ± 15.0 mmHg; P < 0.00), 25 min (group T: 99.3 ± 13.4 mmHg; group N: 85.4 ± 13.8 mmHg; P < 0.00), and 30 min (group T: 98.8 ± 13.1 mmHg; group N: 84.5 ± 13.5 mmHg; P < 0.00).
Conclusions
The use of α2 agonists is appropriate during surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia patients using tamsulosin, and there is no need to alter the dose. Alertness with anesthesia involving α2 agents was maintained for patients using long-term tamsulosin and patients who did not use tamsulosin.
Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered with the Clinical Research Informational Service (KCT0002967, July 2, 2018).
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