Variability of efavirenz plasma concentrations among pediatric HIV patients treated with efavirenz based combination antiretroviral therapy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

CONCLUSION: Wide inter-individual variability in efavirenz plasma concentrations is seen among Tanzanian children in routine clinical practice with many being outside the recommended therapeutic range. Virologic failure is very high in children with sub-therapeutic levels. Concentrations outside the therapeutic window suggest the need for dose adjustment on the basis of therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize treatment. PMID: 30352627 [PubMed - in process] (Source: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology)

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Variability of efavirenz plasma concentrations among pediatric HIV patients treated with efavirenz based combination antiretroviral therapy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

CONCLUSION: Wide inter-individual variability in efavirenz plasma concentrations is seen among Tanzanian children in routine clinical practice with many being outside the recommended therapeutic range. Virologic failure is very high in children with sub-therapeutic levels. Concentrations outside the therapeutic window suggest the need for dose adjustment on the basis of therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize treatment. PMID: 30352627 [PubMed - in process] (Source: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology)

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In vitro and In vivo Effects of Tribulus terrestris on Some Immunological Parameters, Lymphocyte Proliferation, and DNA Integrity in Sheep

In conclusion, TTE could modulate the immune functions and induce lymphocyte transformation in rams. (Source: Small Ruminant Research)

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In vitro and In vivo Effects of Tribulus terrestris on Some Immunological Parameters, Lymphocyte Proliferation, and DNA Integrity in Sheep

In conclusion, TTE could modulate the immune functions and induce lymphocyte transformation in rams. (Source: Small Ruminant Research)

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Editorial Board

Publication date: October 2018Source: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, Volume 204Author(s): (Source: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology)

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Endometrial transcripts of proinflammatory cytokine and enzymes in prostaglandin synthesis are upregulated in the bitches with atrophic pyometra

Publication date: Available online 25 October 2018Source: Veterinary Immunology and ImmunopathologyAuthor(s): Laishram Kipjen Singh, Manas Kumar Patra, Girish Kumar Mishra, Vidya Singh, Vikramaditya Upmanyu, Abhishek C. Saxena, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Goutam Kumar Das, Harendra Kumar, Narayanan KrishnaswamyAbstractInflammatory markers of endometrial origin are valuable in order to differentiate the pyometra from cystic endometrial hyperplasia in the bitch. In the present study, we hypothesized that histological categorization would distinguish the differential regulation of the proinflammatory genes in the endometrium of bitches with pyometra. Ovariohysterectomy was done on bitches with confirmatory diagnosis of pyometra (n = 18). Using endometrium to myometrium ratio of 0.79 as threshold,...

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Treatment of allergic rhinitis reduces acute asthma exacerbation risk among asthmatic children aged 2-18 years

ConclusionThe preschool patients had a higher incidence of AE than the older patients in general. Adequate treatment with INCS and/or SGH in asthma with AR patients is important for reducing the incidence of AE of asthma. (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection)

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Surgical treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children: Our experience and a narrative review.

Authors: Torretta S, Gaffuri M, Ibba T, Capaccio P, Marchisio P, Maruca A, Bosis S, Pignataro L Abstract Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis (NTML) accounts for about 95% of the cases of head-and-neck mycobacterial lymphadenitis, and its prevalence has been increasing in the Western world. The diagnostic work-up can be challenging, and differential diagnoses such as tuberculous and suppurative lymphadenitis need to be considered. It may, therefore, not be diagnosed until the disease is in a late stage, by which time it becomes locally destructive and is characterized by a chronically discharging sinus. The treatment options include a medical approach, a wait-and-see policy, and surgery, with the last being considered the treatment of choice despite the high risk of iatrogen...

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Taurine attenuates acrylamide-induced axonal and myelinated damage through the Akt/GSK3 β-dependent pathway.

In this study, the neuroprotective effects of taurine against ACR-induced neurotoxicity and the potential underlying mechanisms were explored. Rats were intoxicated with ACR and injected with taurine in different groups for totally 2 weeks between January and July 2017. Electron microscopic analysis was used to observe the changes in tissues of the rats. Meanwhile, the levels of proteins including p-Akt, p-GSK3β, SIM312, and MBP were detected by Western blot. Furthermore, the GSK3β phosphorylation in taurine-treated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) with ACR was examined in the presence of the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206. The analysis of behavioral performances and electron micrographs indicated that taurine treatment significantly attenuated the toxic manifestations induced by ACR and stimulated ...

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Molecules, Vol. 23, Pages 2778: Immunomodulators Inspired by Nature: A Review on Curcumin and Echinacea

Authors: Michele Catanzaro Emanuela Corsini Michela Rosini Marco Racchi Cristina Lanni The immune system is an efficient integrated network of cellular elements and chemicals developed to preserve the integrity of the organism against external insults and its correct functioning and balance are essential to avoid the occurrence of a great variety of disorders. To date, evidence from literature highlights an increase in immunological diseases and a great attention has been focused on the development of molecules able to modulate the immune response. There is an enormous global demand for new effective therapies and researchers are investigating new fields. One promising strategy is the use of herbal medicines as integrative, complementary and preventive therapy. The active com...

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Molecules, Vol. 23, Pages 2776: Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pentaherbs formula and Its Influence on Gut Microbiota in Allergic Asthma

This study sheds light on the anti-inflammatory activities of PHF on allergic asthma. It also provides novel in vivo evidence that herbal medicines can ameliorate symptoms of allergic diseases may potentially prevent the development of subsequent atopic disorder such as allergic asthma through the influence of the gut microbiota. (Source: Molecules)

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CD16a with oligomannose-type N-glycans is the only “low-affinity” Fc {gamma} receptor that binds the IgG crystallizable fragment with high affinity in vitro [Immunology]

Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) bind circulating IgG (IgG1) at the surface of leukocytes. Antibodies clustered at the surface of a targeted particle trigger a protective immune response through activating FcγRs. Three recent reports indicate that the composition of the asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains (N-glycans) of FcγRIIIa/CD16a impacted IgG1-binding affinity. Here we determined how N-glycan composition affected the affinity of the "low-affinity" FcγRs for six homogeneous IgG1 Fc N-glycoforms (G0, G0F, G2, G2F, A2G2, and A2G2F). Surprisingly, CD16a with oligomannose N-glycans bound to IgG1 Fc (A2G2) with a KD = 1.0 ± 0.1 nm. This affinity represents a 51-fold increase over the affinity measured for CD16a with complex-type N-glycans (51 ± 8 nm) and is comparable with the affinity o...

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Endometrial transcripts of proinflammatory cytokine and enzymes in prostaglandin synthesis are upregulated in the bitches with atrophic pyometra

Publication date: Available online 25 October 2018Source: Veterinary Immunology and ImmunopathologyAuthor(s): Laishram Kipjen Singh, Manas Kumar Patra, Girish Kumar Mishra, Vidya Singh, Vikramaditya Upmanyu, Abhishek C. Saxena, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Goutam Kumar Das, Harendra Kumar, Narayanan KrishnaswamyAbstractInflammatory markers of endometrial origin are valuable in order to differentiate the pyometra from cystic endometrial hyperplasia in the bitch. In the present study, we hypothesized that histological categorization would distinguish the differential regulation of the proinflammatory genes in the endometrium of bitches with pyometra. Ovariohysterectomy was done on bitches with confirmatory diagnosis of pyometra (n = 18). Using endometrium to myometrium ratio of 0.79 as threshold,...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yD3lNI

Treatment of allergic rhinitis reduces acute asthma exacerbation risk among asthmatic children aged 2-18 years

ConclusionThe preschool patients had a higher incidence of AE than the older patients in general. Adequate treatment with INCS and/or SGH in asthma with AR patients is important for reducing the incidence of AE of asthma. (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2O8JXNf

Surgical treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children: Our experience and a narrative review.

Authors: Torretta S, Gaffuri M, Ibba T, Capaccio P, Marchisio P, Maruca A, Bosis S, Pignataro L Abstract Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis (NTML) accounts for about 95% of the cases of head-and-neck mycobacterial lymphadenitis, and its prevalence has been increasing in the Western world. The diagnostic work-up can be challenging, and differential diagnoses such as tuberculous and suppurative lymphadenitis need to be considered. It may, therefore, not be diagnosed until the disease is in a late stage, by which time it becomes locally destructive and is characterized by a chronically discharging sinus. The treatment options include a medical approach, a wait-and-see policy, and surgery, with the last being considered the treatment of choice despite the high risk of iatrogen...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yzemPR

Taurine attenuates acrylamide-induced axonal and myelinated damage through the Akt/GSK3 β-dependent pathway.

In this study, the neuroprotective effects of taurine against ACR-induced neurotoxicity and the potential underlying mechanisms were explored. Rats were intoxicated with ACR and injected with taurine in different groups for totally 2 weeks between January and July 2017. Electron microscopic analysis was used to observe the changes in tissues of the rats. Meanwhile, the levels of proteins including p-Akt, p-GSK3β, SIM312, and MBP were detected by Western blot. Furthermore, the GSK3β phosphorylation in taurine-treated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) with ACR was examined in the presence of the Akt inhibitor, MK-2206. The analysis of behavioral performances and electron micrographs indicated that taurine treatment significantly attenuated the toxic manifestations induced by ACR and stimulated ...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Ob6edw

Molecules, Vol. 23, Pages 2778: Immunomodulators Inspired by Nature: A Review on Curcumin and Echinacea

Authors: Michele Catanzaro Emanuela Corsini Michela Rosini Marco Racchi Cristina Lanni The immune system is an efficient integrated network of cellular elements and chemicals developed to preserve the integrity of the organism against external insults and its correct functioning and balance are essential to avoid the occurrence of a great variety of disorders. To date, evidence from literature highlights an increase in immunological diseases and a great attention has been focused on the development of molecules able to modulate the immune response. There is an enormous global demand for new effective therapies and researchers are investigating new fields. One promising strategy is the use of herbal medicines as integrative, complementary and preventive therapy. The active com...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yCN0IP

Molecules, Vol. 23, Pages 2776: Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pentaherbs formula and Its Influence on Gut Microbiota in Allergic Asthma

This study sheds light on the anti-inflammatory activities of PHF on allergic asthma. It also provides novel in vivo evidence that herbal medicines can ameliorate symptoms of allergic diseases may potentially prevent the development of subsequent atopic disorder such as allergic asthma through the influence of the gut microbiota. (Source: Molecules)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2O9EJRz

CD16a with oligomannose-type N-glycans is the only “low-affinity” Fc {gamma} receptor that binds the IgG crystallizable fragment with high affinity in vitro [Immunology]

Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) bind circulating IgG (IgG1) at the surface of leukocytes. Antibodies clustered at the surface of a targeted particle trigger a protective immune response through activating FcγRs. Three recent reports indicate that the composition of the asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains (N-glycans) of FcγRIIIa/CD16a impacted IgG1-binding affinity. Here we determined how N-glycan composition affected the affinity of the "low-affinity" FcγRs for six homogeneous IgG1 Fc N-glycoforms (G0, G0F, G2, G2F, A2G2, and A2G2F). Surprisingly, CD16a with oligomannose N-glycans bound to IgG1 Fc (A2G2) with a KD = 1.0 ± 0.1 nm. This affinity represents a 51-fold increase over the affinity measured for CD16a with complex-type N-glycans (51 ± 8 nm) and is comparable with the affinity o...

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Healthcare and discourse: exploration of interprofessional learning within a Brazilian context.

Authors: Sarantópoulos A, Pereira JA, Lamas JLT, Silva EM Abstract This paper reports a qualitative study on the contribution of a Program of Education through Work (PET) in Healthcare, based at a Brazilian State University, to interprofessional education. Data were collected from ten undergraduate students of Nursing, Medicine, and Phonoaudiology (speech therapy), who were part of PET at the University. Data were analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique. Central ideas were gathered into three categories: (1) teamwork and interprofessionality; (2) PET influences on SUS (Brazilian Unified Health System); (3) teaching-service-community integration. The study found evidence that PET enabled the students with opportunities to be involved in an education that su...

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