In vivo Raman spectroscopic characteristics of different sites of the oral mucosa in healthy volunteers

Abstract

Objectives

Investigate the biochemistry of in vivo healthy oral tissues through Raman spectroscopy. We aimed to characterize the biochemical features of healthy condition in oral subsites (buccal mucosa, lip, tongue, and gingiva) of healthy subjects. More specifically, we investigated Raman spectral characteristics and biochemical content of in vivo healthy tissues on Brazilian population. This characterization can be used to better define normal tissue and improve the detection of oral premalignant conditions in future studies.

Materials and methods

For spectroscopic analysis a Raman spectrometer (Kaiser Optical Systems imaging spectrograph Holospec, f / 1.8i-NIR) coupled with a laser 785 nm, 60 mW was used. Raman measurements were obtained by means of an optical fiber (EMVision fiber optic probe) coupled between the laser and the spectrometer. Three spectra per site were acquired from the lip, buccal mucosa, tongue, and gingiva of ten healthy volunteers. This resulted in 30 spectra per oral sub-site and in total 120 spectra.

Results

We report detailed biochemical information on these subsites and their relative composition based on deconvolution studies of their spectra. Finally, we also report classification efficiency of 61, 83, 41, and 93% for buccal, gingiva, lip, and tongue respectively after applying multivariate statistical tools.

Conclusions

We quantitated the contribution of various biochemicals in terms of percentage, and this will enable comparison not only across anatomical sites but also across studies. Raman spectroscopy can rapidly probe tissue biochemistry of healthy oral regions. Moreover, the study suggests the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy combined with signal processing and multivariate analysis methods to differentiate the oral sites in healthy conditions and compare with pathological conditions in future studies.

Clinical relevance

The spectral characterization of the healthy condition of oral tissues by a noninvasive, label-free, and real-time analytical techniques is important to create a spectral reference for future diagnosis of pathological conditions.

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Low wintertime pre-diagnostic vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of internal malignancies in kidney transplant recipients

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2018, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C7PP00404D, Paper

Frank R. de Gruijl, Ron Wolterbeek, Stan Pavel, Johan W. de Fijter, Neveen A. T. Hamdy, Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck
Kidney transplant recipients with the lowest wintertime vitamin D levels appear to run the highest risk of internal malignancies. The effect was strongest in women.
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Scope of surface-modified molecular and nanomaterials in gel/liquid forms for developing mechanically flexible DSSCs/QDSSCs

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00293B, Perspective

Soorya Sasi, Sunish K. Sugunan, P. Radhakrishnan Nair, K. R. V. Subramanian, Suresh Mathew
In this perspective article, we discuss the possibilities of integrating liquefied organic and inorganic semiconducting materials with tunable optoelectronic properties into solvent-free fluidic systems of functional optoelectronic materials to generate flexible DSSCs/QDSSCs.
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A multiple target chemosensor for the sequential fluorescence detection of Zn2+ and S2− and the colorimetric detection of Fe3+/2+ in aqueous media and living cells

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00408K, Paper

Jin Yeong Yun, Ju Byeong Chae, Mingeun Kim, Mi Hee Lim, Cheal Kim
A novel multiple target sensor DHIC was developed for the fluorescence detection of Zn²⁺ and S²⁻ and colorimetric detection of Fe^3+/2+. Moreover, DHIC could image sequentially Zn²⁺ and S²⁻ in living cells.
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Synthetic polymeric barrier membrane associated with blood coagulum, human allograft, or bovine bone substitute for ridge preservation: a randomized, controlled, clinical and histological trial

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Synthetic polymeric barrier membrane associated with blood coagulum, human allograft, or bovine bone substitute for ridge preservation: a randomized, controlled, clinical and histological trial

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Prospective evaluation of psychological burden in patients with oral cancer

The high morbidity and mortality that is associated with oral cancer places a huge psychological burden on patients. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, at three time points using DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21). We also compared DASS-21 with HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). A total of 111 patients were enrolled and 75 of them completed the questionnaires at diagnosis, one month after treatment, and three months after discharge.

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Prospective evaluation of psychological burden in patients with oral cancer

The high morbidity and mortality that is associated with oral cancer places a huge psychological burden on patients. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, at three time points using DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21). We also compared DASS-21 with HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). A total of 111 patients were enrolled and 75 of them completed the questionnaires at diagnosis, one month after treatment, and three months after discharge.

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Oral Immunotherapy Promising for Wheat Allergy Oral Immunotherapy Promising for Wheat Allergy

More than half of wheat-allergic children could successfully consume wheat protein at 1 year, but response to oral immunotherapy was lower than for other food allergies, a small study has found.Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

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Acaai 2018 acaai 2018

Read clinically focused news coverage of key developments from ACAAI 2018.Medscape Allergy & Immunology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Acaai 2018 acaai 2018

Read clinically focused news coverage of key developments from ACAAI 2018.Medscape Allergy & Immunology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Impact of isolated basal ganglia infarction at pretreatment DWI on outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy in acute anterior circulation stroke

Abstract

Purpose

Acute infarction confined to the basal ganglia (BG) is occasionally observed on baseline imaging before endovascular thrombectomy. This study aimed to investigate the impact of isolated BG infarction revealed on pretreatment DWI in a large cohort of patients with acute anterior circulation stroke who underwent thrombectomy.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical and DWI data from 328 patients who underwent thrombectomy for emergent occlusions of the intracranial internal carotid artery or the middle cerebral artery. Characteristics and treatment outcomes were compared between patients with isolated BG infarction and those with non-isolated BG infarction. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of good outcome (90-day mRS 0–2).

Results

Isolated BG infarction was found in 57 patients (17.4%). Patients with isolated BG infarction had a higher incidence of underlying severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (21.1% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.032) than those with non-isolated BG infarction. Successful reperfusion occurred more frequently in patients with isolated BG infarction than those with non-isolated BG infarction (93% vs. 79%, odds ratio 3.529, 95% confidence interval 1.226–10.161, P = 0.014). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of good outcome were age, DWI-ASPECTS, and admission NIHSS score. There was no significant difference in the rate of good outcome between the two groups (54.4% vs. 42.8%, P = 0.110).

Conclusion

Isolated BG infarction on pretreatment DWI may predict successful reperfusion after endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute anterior circulation stroke. In addition, our study suggested a novel finding that isolated BG infarction was more frequently associated with underlying severe ICAS than non-isolated BG infarction.

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Proximal internal carotid artery stenosis associates with diffuse wall thickening in petrous arterial segment of moyamoya disease patients: a three-dimensional magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging study

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the association between proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) luminal narrowing and diffuse wall thickening (DWT) in ipsilateral petrous ICA in moyamoya disease (MMD) patients.

Methods

Forty-one MMD (mean age 42.8 ± 11.0 years, 19 males) and 36 atherosclerotic patients (mean age 61.5 ± 7.1 years, 31 males) and 41 healthy controls were recruited and underwent carotid MR vessel wall imaging. The luminal narrowing of proximal ICA was evaluated by the diameter ratio of ICA to common carotid artery (DR_ICA/CCA). The wall thickness of petrous ICA was measured on T1-VISTA images. The enhancement degree of petrous ICA was recorded and graded into four grades (none to marked) on the CE-T1-VISTA images. The correlation between wall thickness in petrous ICA and DR_ICA/CCA was analyzed_.

Results

In total, 81 arteries of MMD patients and 64 arteries of atherosclerotic patients were included for analysis. The DR_ICA/CCA was significantly correlated with the wall thickness in petrous ICA in MMD (r = − 0.434, P < 0.001) and atherosclerotic groups (r = − 0.604, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that odds ratio (OR) of DR_ICA/CCA was 4.433 (95% CI 1.980–9.925, P < 0.001) and 2.212 (95% CI 1.253–3.905, P = 0.006) in MMD and atherosclerotic groups in discriminating petrous ICA DWT after adjusting for confounding factors. An increasing trend was found in prevalence of DWT and wall thickness with enhancement grades in petrous ICA in MMD (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01) and atherosclerotic groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

The proximal ICA luminal narrowing is significantly associated with wall thickness and diffuse wall thickening in ipsilateral petrous ICA in patients with carotid steno-occlusive diseases regardless of MMD or atherosclerosis.

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Hemodynamic instability during percutaneous ablation of extra-adrenal metastases of pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas: a case series

Abstract

Background

Surgical manipulation of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) may induce large hemodynamic oscillations due to catecholamine release. Little is known regarding hemodynamic instability during percutaneous ablation of PPGLs. We examined intraprocedural hemodynamic variability and postoperative complications related to percutaneous ablation of extra-adrenal metastases of PPGL.

Methods

From institutional PPGL registry we identified patients undergoing ablation of extra-adrenal PPGL metastases from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2016. We reviewed medical records for clinical characteristics and hospital outcomes. Tumors were categorized as functional or nonfunctional based on preprocedural fractionated catecholamine and metanephrine profiles.

Results

Twenty-one patients (14 female [67%]) underwent 38 ablations. Twenty-four ablations were performed in patients with functional metastatic lesions, and 14 were in nonfunctional lesions. Intraprocedural use of potent vasodilators for hypertension was higher for patients with functional tumors (P = 0.02); use of vasopressors for hypotension was similar for functional and nonfunctional tumors (P = 0.74). Mean (±SD) intraprocedural blood pressure range (maximum–minimum blood pressure) during 38 procedures was greater for functional than nonfunctional tumors [systolic: 106 (±48) vs 64 (±30) mm Hg, P = 0.005; diastolic: 58 (±22) vs 35 (±14) mm Hg, P = 0.002; mean arterial: 84 (±43) vs 47 (±29) mm Hg, P = 0.007]. Complications included 5 unplanned intensive care unit admissions (3 for precautionary monitoring, 1 for recalcitrant hypotension, and 1 for hypertensive crisis), 1 case of postoperative bleeding, and 1 death.

Conclusions

Substantial hemodynamic instability may develop during ablation of functional and nonfunctional PPGL metastases. When anesthesia is provided for ablation of metastatic PPGLs in radiology suites, preparation for hemodynamic management should match standards used for surgical resection.

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Oral Immunotherapy Promising for Wheat Allergy Oral Immunotherapy Promising for Wheat Allergy

More than half of wheat-allergic children could successfully consume wheat protein at 1 year, but response to oral immunotherapy was lower than for other food allergies, a small study has found.Medscape Medical News (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)

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Acaai 2018 acaai 2018

Read clinically focused news coverage of key developments from ACAAI 2018.Medscape Allergy & Immunology (Source: Medscape Today Headlines)

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Immunosuppressive effects of the limonoid azadirachtin, insights on a nongenotoxic stress botanical, in flesh flies

Publication date: Available online 4 November 2018Source: Pesticide Biochemistry and PhysiologyAuthor(s): Moataza A. Dorrah, Amr A. Mohamed, El-Sayed H. ShaurubAbstractThe tetranortriterpenoid azadirachtin (Aza) is a well-known insect growth disruptor of plant origin. Although its actions on insects have been extensively studied; fragmentary reports are available from the immunological point of view. Therefore, in the present study, total (THC) and differential hemocyte counts (DHC), nodulation, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, immune-reactive lysozymes and inducible nitric oxide (NO) were assessed, as measures of immune responses, in Sarcophaga argyrostoma 3rd instars challenged individually with M. luteus or Aza, or in combination with both compared to the control larvae. THC was significant...

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Everyone wins

Aeromonas bacteria living in the gut of zebrafish produce a specific molecule to pacify the immune system of their host. (Source: eLife)

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Impact of isolated basal ganglia infarction at pretreatment DWI on outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy in acute anterior circulation stroke

Abstract

Purpose

Acute infarction confined to the basal ganglia (BG) is occasionally observed on baseline imaging before endovascular thrombectomy. This study aimed to investigate the impact of isolated BG infarction revealed on pretreatment DWI in a large cohort of patients with acute anterior circulation stroke who underwent thrombectomy.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical and DWI data from 328 patients who underwent thrombectomy for emergent occlusions of the intracranial internal carotid artery or the middle cerebral artery. Characteristics and treatment outcomes were compared between patients with isolated BG infarction and those with non-isolated BG infarction. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of good outcome (90-day mRS 0–2).

Results

Isolated BG infarction was found in 57 patients (17.4%). Patients with isolated BG infarction had a higher incidence of underlying severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (21.1% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.032) than those with non-isolated BG infarction. Successful reperfusion occurred more frequently in patients with isolated BG infarction than those with non-isolated BG infarction (93% vs. 79%, odds ratio 3.529, 95% confidence interval 1.226–10.161, P = 0.014). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of good outcome were age, DWI-ASPECTS, and admission NIHSS score. There was no significant difference in the rate of good outcome between the two groups (54.4% vs. 42.8%, P = 0.110).

Conclusion

Isolated BG infarction on pretreatment DWI may predict successful reperfusion after endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute anterior circulation stroke. In addition, our study suggested a novel finding that isolated BG infarction was more frequently associated with underlying severe ICAS than non-isolated BG infarction.

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Proximal internal carotid artery stenosis associates with diffuse wall thickening in petrous arterial segment of moyamoya disease patients: a three-dimensional magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging study

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the association between proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) luminal narrowing and diffuse wall thickening (DWT) in ipsilateral petrous ICA in moyamoya disease (MMD) patients.

Methods

Forty-one MMD (mean age 42.8 ± 11.0 years, 19 males) and 36 atherosclerotic patients (mean age 61.5 ± 7.1 years, 31 males) and 41 healthy controls were recruited and underwent carotid MR vessel wall imaging. The luminal narrowing of proximal ICA was evaluated by the diameter ratio of ICA to common carotid artery (DR_ICA/CCA). The wall thickness of petrous ICA was measured on T1-VISTA images. The enhancement degree of petrous ICA was recorded and graded into four grades (none to marked) on the CE-T1-VISTA images. The correlation between wall thickness in petrous ICA and DR_ICA/CCA was analyzed_.

Results

In total, 81 arteries of MMD patients and 64 arteries of atherosclerotic patients were included for analysis. The DR_ICA/CCA was significantly correlated with the wall thickness in petrous ICA in MMD (r = − 0.434, P < 0.001) and atherosclerotic groups (r = − 0.604, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that odds ratio (OR) of DR_ICA/CCA was 4.433 (95% CI 1.980–9.925, P < 0.001) and 2.212 (95% CI 1.253–3.905, P = 0.006) in MMD and atherosclerotic groups in discriminating petrous ICA DWT after adjusting for confounding factors. An increasing trend was found in prevalence of DWT and wall thickness with enhancement grades in petrous ICA in MMD (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01) and atherosclerotic groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

The proximal ICA luminal narrowing is significantly associated with wall thickness and diffuse wall thickening in ipsilateral petrous ICA in patients with carotid steno-occlusive diseases regardless of MMD or atherosclerosis.

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