The protective effects of whortleberry extract against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats

ConclusionThe results obtained in this study show that whortleberry extract has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.ResumoIntroduçãoA cisplatina é um dos principais agentes quimioterápicos utilizados para o tratamento de muitos tipos de câncer. No entanto, a ototoxicidade, um dos efeitos colaterais mais graves da cisplatina, restringe seu uso.ObjetivoNosso objetivo foi investigar os efeitos protetores do extrato de uva-do-monte contra a ototoxicidade induzida por cisplatina, avaliar o dano auditivo e histopatológico coclear e medir os parâmetros bioquímicos afetados pelo estresse oxidativo.MétodoForam incluídos no estudo 48 ratos machos após teste de emissão otoacústica evocada por produto de distorção para confirmar que seus níveis de audição eram n...

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Behavioral Disorders in Children with Hearing Loss

No abstract available (Source: The Hearing Journal)

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Highlights in 2018 Pediatric Audiology Research

No abstract available (Source: The Hearing Journal)

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Oral medicine psychiatric liaison clinic: study of 1202 patients attending over an 18-year period

Publication date: Available online 1 January 2019

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): E. Umemura, T. Tokura, M. Ito, Y. Kobayashi, M. Tachibana, T. Miyauchi, T. Tonoike, W. Nagashima, H. Kimura, M. Arao, A. Sato (Boku), N. Ozaki, K. Kurita

Abstract

Patients with orofacial pain and discomfort often suffer from psychiatric disorders. However, few studies involving a large sample have examined the diagnostic results of patients with orofacial pain or discomfort in relation to psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to summarize and clarify the characteristics and demographic data of 1202 patients attending the psychiatric liaison clinic at Aichi Gakuin University Hospital. Psychiatric diagnosis was performed by psychiatrists for all patients, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. Among the 1202 patients, 992 (82.5%) were female. The average age of the patients was 57.2 ± 15.0 years. The predominant broad categories of orofacial pain and discomfort seen were burning mouth syndrome (n = 484, 40.3%), persistent idiopathic facial pain (n = 258, 21.5%), and oral dysesthesia (n = 215, 17.9%). The predominant broad categories of psychiatric diagnoses seen were somatic symptoms and related disorders (n = 934, 77.7%) and depressive disorders (n = 76, 6.3%). Among the 934 patients with somatic symptoms and related disorders, 678 had a somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain. The results confirmed that most patients with orofacial pain and discomfort were middle-aged and elderly women suffering from a somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain.

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Oral medicine psychiatric liaison clinic: study of 1202 patients attending over an 18-year period

Publication date: Available online 1 January 2019

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): E. Umemura, T. Tokura, M. Ito, Y. Kobayashi, M. Tachibana, T. Miyauchi, T. Tonoike, W. Nagashima, H. Kimura, M. Arao, A. Sato (Boku), N. Ozaki, K. Kurita

Abstract

Patients with orofacial pain and discomfort often suffer from psychiatric disorders. However, few studies involving a large sample have examined the diagnostic results of patients with orofacial pain or discomfort in relation to psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to summarize and clarify the characteristics and demographic data of 1202 patients attending the psychiatric liaison clinic at Aichi Gakuin University Hospital. Psychiatric diagnosis was performed by psychiatrists for all patients, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. Among the 1202 patients, 992 (82.5%) were female. The average age of the patients was 57.2 ± 15.0 years. The predominant broad categories of orofacial pain and discomfort seen were burning mouth syndrome (n = 484, 40.3%), persistent idiopathic facial pain (n = 258, 21.5%), and oral dysesthesia (n = 215, 17.9%). The predominant broad categories of psychiatric diagnoses seen were somatic symptoms and related disorders (n = 934, 77.7%) and depressive disorders (n = 76, 6.3%). Among the 934 patients with somatic symptoms and related disorders, 678 had a somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain. The results confirmed that most patients with orofacial pain and discomfort were middle-aged and elderly women suffering from a somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain.

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Expression of C-type lectin receptor mRNA in otitis media with effusion and chronic otitis media with and without cholesteatoma

Publication date: Available online 1 January 2019

Source: Auris Nasus Larynx

Author(s): Jeon Gang Doo, Young Il Kim, Haeng Seon Shim, Dong Joon Kim, Jeong Won Park, Sung Hwa Dong, Sang Hoon Kim, Seung Geun Yeo

Abstract

Background & objectives

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRPs). The expression of CLRs has been analyzed in other diseases but has not yet been compared in patients with otitis media with effusion (OME), chronic otitis media (COM) and COM with cholesteatoma (Chole OM). This study therefore evaluated the levels of expression of mRNAs encoding Dectin-1, MR1, MR2, DC-SIGN, Syk, Card-9, Bcl-10, Malt-1, Src, DEC-205, Tim-3, Trem-1, and DAP-12 in patients with OME, COM, and Chole OM.

Methods

CLR mRNA levels in patients with OME, COM, and Chole OM were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The level of expression of each mRNA was compared in patients with and without bacteria, and in patients with conductive hearing loss (CHL) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Results

The patterns of expression of CLRs differed in patients with OME, COM, and Chole OM. Galectin-1 mRNA level was significantly higher in the COM than in the Chole OM group (p < 0.05), and MR1 and Galectin-1 mRNA levels among patients with CHL were significantly higher in those with COM than with Chole OM (p < 0.05). Galectin-1 mRNA level among patients with SNHL was also significantly higher in the COM than in the Chole OM group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The levels of expression of mRNAs encoding the CLRs Dectin-1, MR1, MR2, DC-SIGN, Syk, Card-9, Bcl-10, Malt-1, Src, DEC-205, Tim-3, Trem-1 and DAP-12 differ among patients with OME, COM, and Chole OM.

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Expression of C-type lectin receptor mRNA in otitis media with effusion and chronic otitis media with and without cholesteatoma

Publication date: Available online 1 January 2019

Source: Auris Nasus Larynx

Author(s): Jeon Gang Doo, Young Il Kim, Haeng Seon Shim, Dong Joon Kim, Jeong Won Park, Sung Hwa Dong, Sang Hoon Kim, Seung Geun Yeo

Abstract

Background & objectives

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRPs). The expression of CLRs has been analyzed in other diseases but has not yet been compared in patients with otitis media with effusion (OME), chronic otitis media (COM) and COM with cholesteatoma (Chole OM). This study therefore evaluated the levels of expression of mRNAs encoding Dectin-1, MR1, MR2, DC-SIGN, Syk, Card-9, Bcl-10, Malt-1, Src, DEC-205, Tim-3, Trem-1, and DAP-12 in patients with OME, COM, and Chole OM.

Methods

CLR mRNA levels in patients with OME, COM, and Chole OM were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The level of expression of each mRNA was compared in patients with and without bacteria, and in patients with conductive hearing loss (CHL) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Results

The patterns of expression of CLRs differed in patients with OME, COM, and Chole OM. Galectin-1 mRNA level was significantly higher in the COM than in the Chole OM group (p < 0.05), and MR1 and Galectin-1 mRNA levels among patients with CHL were significantly higher in those with COM than with Chole OM (p < 0.05). Galectin-1 mRNA level among patients with SNHL was also significantly higher in the COM than in the Chole OM group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The levels of expression of mRNAs encoding the CLRs Dectin-1, MR1, MR2, DC-SIGN, Syk, Card-9, Bcl-10, Malt-1, Src, DEC-205, Tim-3, Trem-1 and DAP-12 differ among patients with OME, COM, and Chole OM.

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Detection thresholds for quinine, PTC, and PROP measured using taste strips

Abstract

Purpose

In clinical practice, when ability to perceive bitter taste is studied, quinine is preferred to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) as taste stimulus, because many subjects are genetically non-tasters for PTC/PROP. However, it is poorly known how sensitive anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts of the tongue are to different bitter tastants that are detected by different bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs). In the present study, we aimed to characterize sensitivity to bitter taste at front and back parts of tongue.

Methods

We measured thresholds for quinine, PTC, and PROP using the "taste strips", employing seven concentrations of each stimulus both at front and back parts of tongue in 203 healthy participants (56% females, mean age 28 years).

Results

Our data confirmed the hypothesis that the inability to perceive quinine was less frequent than the inability to perceive PTC and PROP: People can still perceive the bitter taste of quinine even if they are "non-tasters" for PROP/PTC. As expected, strong correlations between PTC and PROP thresholds were observed. Interestingly, correlations between thresholds for quinine and PTC/PROP also emerged. Overall, the detection thresholds were lower when measured at front part of the tongue.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that determining taster status for quinine using paper "taste strips", applied to front part of the tongue, represents a suitable method for the screening for ageusia for bitter taste.

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Effects of montelukast on human nasal mucosa

Abstract

Objective

Montelukast is a selective and orally active leukotriene D₄ receptor antagonist often used in treating asthma and allergic rhinitis. Montelukast nasal spray was developed to avoid systemic adverse effects of the drug in vitro. However, the effects of montelukast on human nasal mucosa are not yet fully explored and potential nasal vascular side effects of the drug merit further exploration. First, the effects of montelukast on vasocontractile responses generated by smooth muscles in the vascular structures of human nasal mucosa were investigated directly in vitro.

Methods

This study examined the effects of montelukast on human nasal mucosa in terms of mucosa resting tension, vasoconstriction caused by 10^− 6 M methoxamine as a sympathetic mimetic, and electrically induced vasoconstrictions.

Results

The results indicated that addition of methoxamine to the incubation medium caused the nasal mucosa to vasocontract in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of montelukast at doses of 10^− 5 M or above elicited a significant vasodilation response to 10^− 6 M methoxamine-induced vasoconstriction. Montelukast could not inhibit electrical field stimulation-induced spike vasoconstriction. Moreover, increase in concentration of montelukast had minimal effect on basal tension of nasal mucosa.

Conclusions

The study indicated significant vasodilation on human nasal mucosa under high concentrations of montelukast with a probable α-adrenoceptor antagonism. Hence, the nasal activity of α-adrenergic agonist nasal spray for nasal obstruction may be reduced in those using concomitant (oral or local spray) montelukast.

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Performance of whole-body 18 F-FDG PET/CT as a posttreatment surveillance tool for sinonasal malignancies

Abstract

Purpose

To determine the diagnostic utility of posttreatment surveillance whole-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in detecting local tumor recurrence (R), regional lymph-node metastasis (LM), and distant metastasis (DM) in asymptomatic sinonasal cancer patients.

Methods

Eighty consecutive patients (53 men, 27 women; mean age, 60 years; range, 28–92 years) who had undergone 197 posttreatment whole-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examinations for sinonasal malignancies between January 2009 and August 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings were categorized as positive or negative for R, LM, and DM, separately. Outcomes of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans were compared with the final diagnosis confirmed by histological analysis or follow-up period for a minimum 12 months. The diagnostic accuracy of scans was calculated for each site using contingency tables. Impact on the management of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examinations was additionally evaluated.

Results

¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans identified 37/44 of local recurrences, 21/23 of LMs, and 30/37 of DMs. For local recurrence, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 84% (68–97%), 95% (80–100%), 84% (68–97%), and 95% (80–100%), respectively. For LM, the respective values were 91% (75–100%), 99% (83–100%), 91% (75–100%), and 99% (83–100%). For DM, the values were 81% (64–97%), 99% (85–100%), 97% (81–100%), and 96% (81–100%), respectively. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT accounted for a change in management of 85% patients with recurrences.

Conclusions

Whole-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is a suitable surveillance tool for sinonasal malignancies in detecting locoregional and distant recurrences in asymptomatic patients without any evidence of recurrence on regular follow-up and endoscopy during the posttreatment period.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2QhOk9P

Detection thresholds for quinine, PTC, and PROP measured using taste strips

Abstract

Purpose

In clinical practice, when ability to perceive bitter taste is studied, quinine is preferred to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) as taste stimulus, because many subjects are genetically non-tasters for PTC/PROP. However, it is poorly known how sensitive anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts of the tongue are to different bitter tastants that are detected by different bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs). In the present study, we aimed to characterize sensitivity to bitter taste at front and back parts of tongue.

Methods

We measured thresholds for quinine, PTC, and PROP using the "taste strips", employing seven concentrations of each stimulus both at front and back parts of tongue in 203 healthy participants (56% females, mean age 28 years).

Results

Our data confirmed the hypothesis that the inability to perceive quinine was less frequent than the inability to perceive PTC and PROP: People can still perceive the bitter taste of quinine even if they are "non-tasters" for PROP/PTC. As expected, strong correlations between PTC and PROP thresholds were observed. Interestingly, correlations between thresholds for quinine and PTC/PROP also emerged. Overall, the detection thresholds were lower when measured at front part of the tongue.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that determining taster status for quinine using paper "taste strips", applied to front part of the tongue, represents a suitable method for the screening for ageusia for bitter taste.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2F2Rw7l

Effects of montelukast on human nasal mucosa

Abstract

Objective

Montelukast is a selective and orally active leukotriene D₄ receptor antagonist often used in treating asthma and allergic rhinitis. Montelukast nasal spray was developed to avoid systemic adverse effects of the drug in vitro. However, the effects of montelukast on human nasal mucosa are not yet fully explored and potential nasal vascular side effects of the drug merit further exploration. First, the effects of montelukast on vasocontractile responses generated by smooth muscles in the vascular structures of human nasal mucosa were investigated directly in vitro.

Methods

This study examined the effects of montelukast on human nasal mucosa in terms of mucosa resting tension, vasoconstriction caused by 10^− 6 M methoxamine as a sympathetic mimetic, and electrically induced vasoconstrictions.

Results

The results indicated that addition of methoxamine to the incubation medium caused the nasal mucosa to vasocontract in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of montelukast at doses of 10^− 5 M or above elicited a significant vasodilation response to 10^− 6 M methoxamine-induced vasoconstriction. Montelukast could not inhibit electrical field stimulation-induced spike vasoconstriction. Moreover, increase in concentration of montelukast had minimal effect on basal tension of nasal mucosa.

Conclusions

The study indicated significant vasodilation on human nasal mucosa under high concentrations of montelukast with a probable α-adrenoceptor antagonism. Hence, the nasal activity of α-adrenergic agonist nasal spray for nasal obstruction may be reduced in those using concomitant (oral or local spray) montelukast.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2VrCU7h

Performance of whole-body 18 F-FDG PET/CT as a posttreatment surveillance tool for sinonasal malignancies

Abstract

Purpose

To determine the diagnostic utility of posttreatment surveillance whole-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in detecting local tumor recurrence (R), regional lymph-node metastasis (LM), and distant metastasis (DM) in asymptomatic sinonasal cancer patients.

Methods

Eighty consecutive patients (53 men, 27 women; mean age, 60 years; range, 28–92 years) who had undergone 197 posttreatment whole-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examinations for sinonasal malignancies between January 2009 and August 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings were categorized as positive or negative for R, LM, and DM, separately. Outcomes of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans were compared with the final diagnosis confirmed by histological analysis or follow-up period for a minimum 12 months. The diagnostic accuracy of scans was calculated for each site using contingency tables. Impact on the management of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examinations was additionally evaluated.

Results

¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans identified 37/44 of local recurrences, 21/23 of LMs, and 30/37 of DMs. For local recurrence, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 84% (68–97%), 95% (80–100%), 84% (68–97%), and 95% (80–100%), respectively. For LM, the respective values were 91% (75–100%), 99% (83–100%), 91% (75–100%), and 99% (83–100%). For DM, the values were 81% (64–97%), 99% (85–100%), 97% (81–100%), and 96% (81–100%), respectively. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT accounted for a change in management of 85% patients with recurrences.

Conclusions

Whole-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is a suitable surveillance tool for sinonasal malignancies in detecting locoregional and distant recurrences in asymptomatic patients without any evidence of recurrence on regular follow-up and endoscopy during the posttreatment period.

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Classification of GLOSSECTOMIES: a proposal for tongue cancer resections

Abstract

Background

Surgery of tongue tumors includes different procedures ranging from mucosal resection to complex combined resection. Numerous terms have been used to describe such procedures, but there is no consensus between the terminology and the extent of resection.

Methods and Results

We searched the medical literature and found a lack of published information. We undertook to describe a new classification of surgical procedures for tongue tumor resection. We based it upon the surgical anatomy of the tongue and the spread of the cancer. We posited that there were five major types of glossectomy embracing all the methods of tongue cancer resection. This classification was reviewed and endorsed by an international team of experts.

Conclusion

We propose a more precise classification than that currently in practice, thereby bringing clarity and consistency to the terminology, facilitating shared communication between surgeons, comparison between published research, and ultimately improving surgical practice and patient care.

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Classification of GLOSSECTOMIES: a proposal for tongue cancer resections

Abstract

Background

Surgery of tongue tumors includes different procedures ranging from mucosal resection to complex combined resection. Numerous terms have been used to describe such procedures, but there is no consensus between the terminology and the extent of resection.

Methods and Results

We searched the medical literature and found a lack of published information. We undertook to describe a new classification of surgical procedures for tongue tumor resection. We based it upon the surgical anatomy of the tongue and the spread of the cancer. We posited that there were five major types of glossectomy embracing all the methods of tongue cancer resection. This classification was reviewed and endorsed by an international team of experts.

Conclusion

We propose a more precise classification than that currently in practice, thereby bringing clarity and consistency to the terminology, facilitating shared communication between surgeons, comparison between published research, and ultimately improving surgical practice and patient care.

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Prestin autoantibodies screening in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

ConclusionsThis preliminary and novel study does not support the presence of an active humoral immune reaction against prestin in ISSNHL. (Source: European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases)

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Prestin autoantibodies screening in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

ConclusionsThis preliminary and novel study does not support the presence of an active humoral immune reaction against prestin in ISSNHL. (Source: European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases)

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Effects of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Swallowing Function and Quality of Life of Post-stroke Patients

Abstract

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one of the non-invasive techniques, which is used to modulate cortical regions in patients with stroke. The aim of this single blind, controlled study was to investigate the effect of rTMS on swallowing function and quality of life of mono-hemispheric post-stroke patients with dysphagia. Twenty-eight patients were randomized and split between study and control group. Each group received conventional dysphagia rehabilitation 3 days a week for 4 weeks, and study group also received 1 Hz rTMS to unaffected hemisphere in the final week. The descriptive information was noted. The clinical and radiological swallowing evaluation and quality of life assessment have been performed at four different times including before and after the treatment, 1 month and 3 months after the treatment. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between groups in terms of demographic and clinical features (p > 0.05). Swallowing function and quality of life of the patients were statistically improved in both groups towards the third month (p < 0.05). Swallowing function was comparable between two groups. However, a significant improvement was observed on appetite, fear of eating, and mental health parameters of quality of life assessment in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, despite positive changes in some aspects of quality of life, rTMS did not enhance the swallowing function when compared conventional dysphagia rehabilitation. Therefore, the application of 1 Hz rTMS should be reconsidered to improve swallowing function in the chronic period.

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Does the Hebrew Eating Assessment Tool-10 Correlate with Pharyngeal Residue, Penetration and Aspiration on Fiberoptic Endoscopic Examination of Swallowing?

Abstract

The Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) is a 10-item patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for dysphagia patients. The objective of this study was to translate and validate the EAT-10_Heb and to test for a correlation between its score and residue, penetration and aspiration on Fiberoptic Endoscopic Examination of Swallowing (FEES). 136 patients visiting two specialized dysphagia clinics and undergoing FEES between April 2015 and August 2017, filled the EAT-10_Heb. 23 patients refilled the EAT-10_Heb during a 2-week period following their first visit. FEES were scored for residue (1 point per consistency, maximum 3 points) and penetration and aspiration (1 point for penetration, 2 points for aspiration per consistency, maximum 6 points). 51 healthy volunteers also filled the EAT-10_Heb. Internal consistency and test–retest reproducibility were examined for reliability testing. Validity was established by comparing EAT-10_Heb scores of dysphagia patients to healthy controls. The EAT-10_Heb score was then correlated with the FEES score. Internal consistency of the EAT-10_Heb was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.925) as was the test–retest reproducibility (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.82, p < 0.0001). The median EAT-10_Heb score was significantly higher in the dysphagia group compared to healthy controls (13, IQR 7–22 points for dysphagia patients compared to 0, IQR 0–0 points for healthy controls, p < 0.0001). A weak correlation was found between the EAT-10_Heb scores and the FEES score (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.376, p < 0.0001). While the EAT-10_Heb was found to be a reliable and valid PROM, it only weakly correlates with the pathological findings on FEES examination.

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Effects of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Swallowing Function and Quality of Life of Post-stroke Patients

Abstract

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one of the non-invasive techniques, which is used to modulate cortical regions in patients with stroke. The aim of this single blind, controlled study was to investigate the effect of rTMS on swallowing function and quality of life of mono-hemispheric post-stroke patients with dysphagia. Twenty-eight patients were randomized and split between study and control group. Each group received conventional dysphagia rehabilitation 3 days a week for 4 weeks, and study group also received 1 Hz rTMS to unaffected hemisphere in the final week. The descriptive information was noted. The clinical and radiological swallowing evaluation and quality of life assessment have been performed at four different times including before and after the treatment, 1 month and 3 months after the treatment. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between groups in terms of demographic and clinical features (p > 0.05). Swallowing function and quality of life of the patients were statistically improved in both groups towards the third month (p < 0.05). Swallowing function was comparable between two groups. However, a significant improvement was observed on appetite, fear of eating, and mental health parameters of quality of life assessment in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, despite positive changes in some aspects of quality of life, rTMS did not enhance the swallowing function when compared conventional dysphagia rehabilitation. Therefore, the application of 1 Hz rTMS should be reconsidered to improve swallowing function in the chronic period.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Ar9iOF