Influence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in gut microbiota of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice

Abstract

Objectives

Increasing evidence suggests that periodontitis can exacerbate diabetes, and gut bacterial dysbiosis appears to be linked with the diabetic condition. The present study examined the effects of oral administration of the periodontopathic bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, on the gut microbiota and systemic conditions in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice.

Materials and Methods

Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection in C57BL/6J male mice (STZ). STZ and wild‐type (WT) mice were orally administered P. gingivalis (STZPg, WTPg) or saline (STZco, WTco). Feces were collected, and the gut microbiome was examined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The expression of genes related to inflammation, epithelial tight junctions, glucose/fatty acid metabolism in the ileum or liver were examined by quantitative PCR.

Results

The relative abundance of several genera, including Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, and Facklamia, was significantly increased in STZco mice compared to WTco mice. The relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Turicibacter in the gut microbiome were altered by oral administration of P. gingivalis in STZ mice. STZPg mice showed higher concentrations of fasting blood glucose and inflammatory genes levels in the ileum, compared to STZco mice.

Conclusions

Oral administration of P. gingivalis altered the gut microbiota and aggravated glycemic control in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice.

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Overexpression of EphrinB2 in Stem Cells from Apical Papilla Accelerates Angiogenesis

Abstracts

Objectives

we aimed to accelerate angiogenesis in pulp regeneration by modulating ephrinB2 expression in stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs).

Materials and Methods

SCAPs were transducted with ephrinB2‐lentiviral expression vector in experimental group (ephrinB2‐SCAPs) and green fluorescent protein (GFP‐SCAPs) in control group. The transduction efficiency was confirmed by real‐time PCR and western blot assays. MTT assay was performed to detect the proliferative capacity of SCAPs after transduction. In vitro matrigel assay and in vivo matrigel plug assay were carried out to evaluate the angiogenic capacity.

Results

Results showed that ephrinB2‐SCAPs had significantly higher ephrinB2 expression than GFP‐SCAPs. EphrinB2‐SCAPs upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion under hypoxia. In vitro matrigel assay demonstrated that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cocultured with ephrinB2‐SCAPs under hypoxia formed vascular‐like structures earlier than GFP‐SCAPs. Animal experiments confirmed that SCAPs co‐transplanted with HUVECs enabled to generate greater amount of blood vessels than SCAPs alone. EphrinB2‐ SCAPs produced increased number of blood vessels with references to GFP‐SCAPs, and those co‐transplanted with HUVECs generated vessels with larger and functional tubule volumes.

Conclusions

Regulating ephrinB2 expression in SCAPs may act as a new avenue for enhancing angiogenesis in dental pulp regeneration.

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Eye movements and imaging in vestibular migraine

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española

Author(s): Mayada ElSherif, Mohamed Ihab Reda, Horeya Saadallah, Mona Mourad

Abstract

Background and objective

Migrainous dizziness is one of the most frequent complaints. Dizziness associated with migraine may be the result of abnormal eye movements. Brain imaging and changes in eye movements may explain the dizziness and highlight possible pathophysiological substrates in migraine dizziness. Our aim is to evaluate eye movement using videonystagmography (VNG) and video head impulse test (vHIT) and to study the occipital lobe metabolic profile in vestibular migraine patients (VM).

Materials and methods

There were 2 groups enrolled in the study; the first group consisted of 25 vestibular migraine patients (VM) according to the recent criteria of Barany society. The second group consisted of 20 age matched healthy subjects. Both groups underwent the following: (1) A detailed history, VNG test protocol, vHIT in three planes. (2) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the brain and inner ear using 1.5 T magnet and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H1-MRS).

Results

Sixty eight percent of the patients complained of spontaneous vertigo and 28% complained of positional vertigo. Non-paroxysmal positional nystagmus was recorded in 92% during their dizzy spell. The brain MRI was unremarkable in 72% of the cases. Chemical shift in the occipital lobe was found in 92% of VM. Lactate peaks were statistically significant related with the presence of non-paroxysmal positional nystagmus.

Conclusions

A statistically significant relationship exists between non-paroxysmal positional nystagmus and presence of lactate peaks in the occipital lobe in VM patients.

Resumen

Antecedentes y objetivo

El mareo migrañoso es una de las quejas más frecuentes. Las pruebas de imagen del cerebro y los cambios en los movimientos oculares pueden explicar los mareos y destacar los posibles sustratos fisiopatológicos en la migraña vestibular. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el movimiento ocular utilizando videonistagmografía (VNG) y la prueba de impulso cefálico por vídeo (vHIT), y estudiar el perfil metabólico del lóbulo occipital en pacientes con migraña vestibular (VM).

Materiales y métodos

Se incluyeron dos grupos en el estudio; el primer grupo consistió en 25 pacientes con VM según los criterios recientes de la sociedad Bárány. El segundo grupo consistió en 20 sujetos sanos emparejados por edad. Ambos grupos se sometieron a lo siguiente: 1) Una historia detallada, protocolo de prueba de VNG y vHIT en 3 planos, y 2) Imágenes de resonancia magnética (IRM) para el cerebro y el oído interno con el imán de 1,5 tesla y la espectroscopía de resonancia magnética de protones (H1-MRS).

Resultados

El 68% de los pacientes se quejó de vértigo espontáneo, y el 28% de vértigo posicional. El nistagmo posicional no paroxístico se registró en el 60% de los pacientes durante su mareo. La resonancia magnética cerebral no mostró alteraciones en el 72% de los casos. El cambio químico en el lóbulo occipital se encontró en el 92% de los casos de VM. Los picos de lactato fueron estadísticamente significativos con relación a la presencia de nistagmo posicional no paroxístico.

Conclusiones

Existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el nistagmo posicional no paroxístico y la presencia de picos de lactato en el lóbulo occipital en pacientes con VM.

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Eye movements and imaging in vestibular migraine

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española

Author(s): Mayada ElSherif, Mohamed Ihab Reda, Horeya Saadallah, Mona Mourad

Abstract

Background and objective

Migrainous dizziness is one of the most frequent complaints. Dizziness associated with migraine may be the result of abnormal eye movements. Brain imaging and changes in eye movements may explain the dizziness and highlight possible pathophysiological substrates in migraine dizziness. Our aim is to evaluate eye movement using videonystagmography (VNG) and video head impulse test (vHIT) and to study the occipital lobe metabolic profile in vestibular migraine patients (VM).

Materials and methods

There were 2 groups enrolled in the study; the first group consisted of 25 vestibular migraine patients (VM) according to the recent criteria of Barany society. The second group consisted of 20 age matched healthy subjects. Both groups underwent the following: (1) A detailed history, VNG test protocol, vHIT in three planes. (2) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the brain and inner ear using 1.5 T magnet and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H1-MRS).

Results

Sixty eight percent of the patients complained of spontaneous vertigo and 28% complained of positional vertigo. Non-paroxysmal positional nystagmus was recorded in 92% during their dizzy spell. The brain MRI was unremarkable in 72% of the cases. Chemical shift in the occipital lobe was found in 92% of VM. Lactate peaks were statistically significant related with the presence of non-paroxysmal positional nystagmus.

Conclusions

A statistically significant relationship exists between non-paroxysmal positional nystagmus and presence of lactate peaks in the occipital lobe in VM patients.

Resumen

Antecedentes y objetivo

El mareo migrañoso es una de las quejas más frecuentes. Las pruebas de imagen del cerebro y los cambios en los movimientos oculares pueden explicar los mareos y destacar los posibles sustratos fisiopatológicos en la migraña vestibular. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el movimiento ocular utilizando videonistagmografía (VNG) y la prueba de impulso cefálico por vídeo (vHIT), y estudiar el perfil metabólico del lóbulo occipital en pacientes con migraña vestibular (VM).

Materiales y métodos

Se incluyeron dos grupos en el estudio; el primer grupo consistió en 25 pacientes con VM según los criterios recientes de la sociedad Bárány. El segundo grupo consistió en 20 sujetos sanos emparejados por edad. Ambos grupos se sometieron a lo siguiente: 1) Una historia detallada, protocolo de prueba de VNG y vHIT en 3 planos, y 2) Imágenes de resonancia magnética (IRM) para el cerebro y el oído interno con el imán de 1,5 tesla y la espectroscopía de resonancia magnética de protones (H1-MRS).

Resultados

El 68% de los pacientes se quejó de vértigo espontáneo, y el 28% de vértigo posicional. El nistagmo posicional no paroxístico se registró en el 60% de los pacientes durante su mareo. La resonancia magnética cerebral no mostró alteraciones en el 72% de los casos. El cambio químico en el lóbulo occipital se encontró en el 92% de los casos de VM. Los picos de lactato fueron estadísticamente significativos con relación a la presencia de nistagmo posicional no paroxístico.

Conclusiones

Existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el nistagmo posicional no paroxístico y la presencia de picos de lactato en el lóbulo occipital en pacientes con VM.

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Development of a Tubular Continuous Flow Reactor for the Investigation of Improved Gas-Solid Interaction in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction on TiO2

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00518D, Communication

Open Access

  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.

Martin Dilla, Ahmet Esat Becerikli, Alina Jakubowski, Robert Schlögl, Simon Ristig
A self-made, low-cost tubular reactor for the gas-phase photocatalytic CO2 reduction was developed. The resulting flow conditions cause an intensive interaction between the reactants in the gas-phase and the fixed...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

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Development of a Tubular Continuous Flow Reactor for the Investigation of Improved Gas-Solid Interaction in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction on TiO2

Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, Accepted Manuscript
DOI: 10.1039/C8PP00518D, Communication

Open Access

  This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence.

Martin Dilla, Ahmet Esat Becerikli, Alina Jakubowski, Robert Schlögl, Simon Ristig
A self-made, low-cost tubular reactor for the gas-phase photocatalytic CO2 reduction was developed. The resulting flow conditions cause an intensive interaction between the reactants in the gas-phase and the fixed...
The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry

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A Victim of Our Own Success

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: Academic Radiology

Author(s): N. Reed Dunnick

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Streptococcus mutans serotypes and Collagen‐Binding Proteins Cnm/Cbm in Children with Caries analyzed by PCR

Summary

Streptococcus mutans, a primary bacterium associated with dental caries, has four known clinical serotypes (c, e, f, and k). Some serotypes, presence of multiple serotypes and strains with collagen‐binding proteins (CBP, Cnm and Cbm) have been linked with systemic disease. Evaluation of S. mutans serotype distribution and caries association is needed in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of S. mutans serotypes from two cohorts of African American children in rural Alabama using 3 sample types (saliva, plaque, and individual S. mutans isolates) by PCR detection for association with caries. Detection of CBP was also performed by PCR. In total, 129 children were evaluated and overall prevalence of serotypes were: serotype c(98%), e(26%), f(7%), and k(52%). Serotype c was statistically associated with higher caries scores in older children (p<0.001) and serotype k was statistically more likely in females (p=0.004). Fourteen percent of children had CBP. Thirteen S. mutans isolates from 5 children tested positive for both CBP. This study is the first to report on prevalence of S. mutans serotypes in a US population using the PCR‐based approach. The frequency of serotype k in this study is the highest reported in any population, illustrating the need for further study to determine prevalence of this clinically relevant serotype in the US. This is the first study to report S. mutans isolates with both Cnm and Cbm in the same strain, and further analysis is need to determine the clinical significance of these strains.

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A Victim of Our Own Success

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: Academic Radiology

Author(s): N. Reed Dunnick

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2S0cDhC

Streptococcus mutans serotypes and Collagen‐Binding Proteins Cnm/Cbm in Children with Caries analyzed by PCR

Summary

Streptococcus mutans, a primary bacterium associated with dental caries, has four known clinical serotypes (c, e, f, and k). Some serotypes, presence of multiple serotypes and strains with collagen‐binding proteins (CBP, Cnm and Cbm) have been linked with systemic disease. Evaluation of S. mutans serotype distribution and caries association is needed in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of S. mutans serotypes from two cohorts of African American children in rural Alabama using 3 sample types (saliva, plaque, and individual S. mutans isolates) by PCR detection for association with caries. Detection of CBP was also performed by PCR. In total, 129 children were evaluated and overall prevalence of serotypes were: serotype c(98%), e(26%), f(7%), and k(52%). Serotype c was statistically associated with higher caries scores in older children (p<0.001) and serotype k was statistically more likely in females (p=0.004). Fourteen percent of children had CBP. Thirteen S. mutans isolates from 5 children tested positive for both CBP. This study is the first to report on prevalence of S. mutans serotypes in a US population using the PCR‐based approach. The frequency of serotype k in this study is the highest reported in any population, illustrating the need for further study to determine prevalence of this clinically relevant serotype in the US. This is the first study to report S. mutans isolates with both Cnm and Cbm in the same strain, and further analysis is need to determine the clinical significance of these strains.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Microcurrent technology for rapid relief of sinus pain: a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded clinical trial

Background

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation has proven to be effective in alleviating chronic pain from facial myalgias. We evaluated the efficacy of a novel handheld microcurrent‐emitting device in short‐term, office‐based treatment of patients with sinus pain. This device, which is not yet U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐cleared, detects and treats regions corresponding to nerve fibers.

Methods

Randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial. Seventy‐one participants with facial pain attributed to self‐reported nasal/sinus disease were recruited from a tertiary rhinologic practice and the surrounding community and randomly assigned to either office‐based use of an active (n = 38) or placebo (n = 33) microcurrent emitter. The study device was repetitively applied by each patient to the bilateral periorbital areas for 5 minutes. A visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain severity was administered before, and 10 minutes after, treatment.

Results

Active microcurrent‐treated patients had a reduction in mean pain score from 5.63 pretreatment to 3.97 posttreatment (mean difference, 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 2.12). Patients using the sham device also reported sinus pain reductions (mean difference, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.21). However, the active device demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in pain compared to sham (0.75‐point difference, p = 0.007). Notably, 23.7% of patients using the active device had a reduction of 3 or more points by VAS compared to 0% of sham device patients (p = 0.003). One minor occurrence of transient facial skin erythema was noted.

Conclusion

This trial suggests that treatment of rhinologic facial pain using this noninvasive microcurrent device is safe and effective in providing rapid relief of nasal/sinus pain. Additional studies with longer term follow‐up are warranted.

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Atopic dermatitis and cardiovascular disease: what are the clinical implications?

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Aaron M. Drucker, Paula J. Harvey

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Altered subsets and activities of B lymphocytes in polycystic ovary syndrome

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Na Xiao, Ke He, Fei Gong, Qi Xie, Jing Peng, Xian Su, Yeping Lu, Xuefeng Xia, Ge Lin, Lamei Cheng

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Dilute bleach baths used for treatment of atopic dermatitis are not antimicrobial in vitro

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Yu Sawada, Yun Tong, Mariam Barangi, Tissa Hata, Michael R. Williams, Teruaki Nakatsuji, Richard L. Gallo

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Microcurrent technology for rapid relief of sinus pain: a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded clinical trial

Background

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation has proven to be effective in alleviating chronic pain from facial myalgias. We evaluated the efficacy of a novel handheld microcurrent‐emitting device in short‐term, office‐based treatment of patients with sinus pain. This device, which is not yet U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐cleared, detects and treats regions corresponding to nerve fibers.

Methods

Randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial. Seventy‐one participants with facial pain attributed to self‐reported nasal/sinus disease were recruited from a tertiary rhinologic practice and the surrounding community and randomly assigned to either office‐based use of an active (n = 38) or placebo (n = 33) microcurrent emitter. The study device was repetitively applied by each patient to the bilateral periorbital areas for 5 minutes. A visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain severity was administered before, and 10 minutes after, treatment.

Results

Active microcurrent‐treated patients had a reduction in mean pain score from 5.63 pretreatment to 3.97 posttreatment (mean difference, 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 2.12). Patients using the sham device also reported sinus pain reductions (mean difference, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.21). However, the active device demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in pain compared to sham (0.75‐point difference, p = 0.007). Notably, 23.7% of patients using the active device had a reduction of 3 or more points by VAS compared to 0% of sham device patients (p = 0.003). One minor occurrence of transient facial skin erythema was noted.

Conclusion

This trial suggests that treatment of rhinologic facial pain using this noninvasive microcurrent device is safe and effective in providing rapid relief of nasal/sinus pain. Additional studies with longer term follow‐up are warranted.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2AUovba

Atopic dermatitis and cardiovascular disease: what are the clinical implications?

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Aaron M. Drucker, Paula J. Harvey

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MrbCK6

Altered subsets and activities of B lymphocytes in polycystic ovary syndrome

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Na Xiao, Ke He, Fei Gong, Qi Xie, Jing Peng, Xian Su, Yeping Lu, Xuefeng Xia, Ge Lin, Lamei Cheng

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2sEFREj

Dilute bleach baths used for treatment of atopic dermatitis are not antimicrobial in vitro

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Author(s): Yu Sawada, Yun Tong, Mariam Barangi, Tissa Hata, Michael R. Williams, Teruaki Nakatsuji, Richard L. Gallo

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Distinguishing pustular psoriasis and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) on the basis of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and MxA protein

Background

Distinguishing acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) and pustular psoriasis (PS) can be challenging. Staining for plasmacytoid dendritic cells, or PDCs (producer of IFN‐α/β),[1] and MxA (an IFN‐α/β inducible protein)[2] may help discriminate these entities.

Methods

Forty‐three cases of AGEP and PS were compiled from two academic institutions. All cases were examined for CD123+ PDCs, eosinophils, acanthosis, papillomatosis, suprapapillary plate thinning, tortuous dilated capillaries, single necrotic keratinocytes, papillary dermal edema, vasculitis, eosinophil exocytosis, intraepidermal pustules, and subcorneal pustules. A subset of cases (n=26) was stained with MxA.

Results

Perivascular and intraepidermal PDCs, dilated tortuous vessels and MxA expression in the dermal inflammatory infiltrate, were significantly (p<0.05) in favor of a diagnosis of PS. The absence of PDCs and presence of eosinophils favored a diagnosis of AGEP (p<0.05).

Conclusions

We found compelling evidence for the use of CD123 to highlight PDCs in these cases. The presence of PDCs and expression of MxA in dermal inflammatory infiltrate, as well as absence of eosinophils and presence of tortuous dilated capillaries favored a diagnosis of PS. Expression of MxA in the dermal infiltrate corresponds with a Th1 pathway in PS, and may indicate a Th1 component in the early initial phase of AGEP.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Distinguishing pustular psoriasis and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) on the basis of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and MxA protein

Background

Distinguishing acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) and pustular psoriasis (PS) can be challenging. Staining for plasmacytoid dendritic cells, or PDCs (producer of IFN‐α/β),[1] and MxA (an IFN‐α/β inducible protein)[2] may help discriminate these entities.

Methods

Forty‐three cases of AGEP and PS were compiled from two academic institutions. All cases were examined for CD123+ PDCs, eosinophils, acanthosis, papillomatosis, suprapapillary plate thinning, tortuous dilated capillaries, single necrotic keratinocytes, papillary dermal edema, vasculitis, eosinophil exocytosis, intraepidermal pustules, and subcorneal pustules. A subset of cases (n=26) was stained with MxA.

Results

Perivascular and intraepidermal PDCs, dilated tortuous vessels and MxA expression in the dermal inflammatory infiltrate, were significantly (p<0.05) in favor of a diagnosis of PS. The absence of PDCs and presence of eosinophils favored a diagnosis of AGEP (p<0.05).

Conclusions

We found compelling evidence for the use of CD123 to highlight PDCs in these cases. The presence of PDCs and expression of MxA in dermal inflammatory infiltrate, as well as absence of eosinophils and presence of tortuous dilated capillaries favored a diagnosis of PS. Expression of MxA in the dermal infiltrate corresponds with a Th1 pathway in PS, and may indicate a Th1 component in the early initial phase of AGEP.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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