Virus-Like Particles as Carrier Systems to Enhance Immunomodulation in Allergen Immunotherapy

AbstractPurpose of ReviewUtilization of virus-like particles (VLPs) is considered to improve allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). AIT aims at the efficient uptake of the target allergen by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) subsequently inducing adaptive allergen-specific immune responses to induce tolerance. The purpose of this review is to describe the immune-modulating properties of VLPs per se and to summarize the application of VLPs as antigen carriers, preferably for Th2 cytokines or allergens, with and without simultaneous administration of adjuvants in order to modulate allergic immune responses.Recent FindingsCurrently, a broad variety of approaches considering the origin of the VLPs, the choice of the adjuvant and antigen, and the coupling of the antigen are under preclinical inve...

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