Pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome: recent insights and emerging concepts.

Authors: Lackner KJ, Müller-Calleja N Abstract INTRODUCTION: Even though our understanding of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has improved tremendously over the last decades, we are still not in a position to replace symptomatic anticoagulation by pathogenesis based causal treatments. Areas covered: Recent years have provided further insights into pathogenetically relevant mechanisms. These include a differentiation of pathogenic subtypes of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), novel mechanisms modulating disease activity, e.g. extracellular vesicles and microRNA, and novel players in pathogenesis, e.g. neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Expert commentary: It is evident that aPL induce a proinflammatory and procoagulant state and recent data suggest that diff...

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