< b > < i > Trichomonas vaginalis < /i > < /b > Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Human Macrophages

Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted, eukaryotic parasite that causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral, sexually transmitted disease in the USA and worldwide. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the host immune response to this widespread parasite. Here we report thatT. vaginalis induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human macrophages, leading to caspase-1 activation and the processing of pro-IL-1 β to the mature and bioactive form of the cytokine. Using inhibitor-based approaches, we show that NLRP3 activation byT. vaginalis involves host cell detection of extracellular ATP via P2X7 receptors and potassium efflux. In addition, our data reveal thatT. vaginalis inflammasome activation induces macrophage inflammatory cell death by pyroptosis, kno...

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