The role of osteomodulin on osteo/odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells

Abstract

Background

Extracellular matrix secretion and odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are the cellular bases for reparative dentinogenesis. Osteomodulin (OMD) is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family distributed in the extracellular matrix but little is known about its role in osteo/odontogenic differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of OMD during osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs.

Methods

hDPSCs were selected using immune-magnetic beads and their capability of multi-differentiation was identified. OMD knockdown was achieved using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus and was confirmed by western blot. Gene expression was measured by real-time qPCR and osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs was determined by alizarin red S staining.

Results

Compared with uninduced cells, the transcription of OMD was up-regulated by 35-fold at the late stage of osteo/odontogenic differentiation. shRNA-mediated gene silencing of OMD decreased the expression of odontoblastic genes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Besides, knockdown of OMD attenuated the mineralized nodules formation induced by osteo/odontogenic medium.

Conclusions

These results implied that OMD may play a pivotal role in modulating the osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2CAgVCG

Dysgeusia in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology

Author(s): Yosuke Iijima, Miki Yamada, Miki Endo, Motohiko Sano, Shunsuke Hino, Takahiro Kaneko, Norio Horie

Abstract

Objective

The present study aimed to identify the characteristics of dysgeusia caused by cancer chemotherapy.

Patients and methods

We investigated 181 patients with oral adverse events from cancer chemotherapy who were referred to an oral surgery clinic.

Results

Oral mucositis, dysgeusia and dry mouth were found in 62 (34.3%), 61 (33.7%) and 28 (15.5%) patients, respectively. Most dysgeusia was grade 1 (95.1%, P <  0.001) and was found in 20 (50.0%), 16 (43.2%) and 5 (27.8%) patients with colorectal, breast and gynecological types of cancer, respectively. Dysgeusia was identified in 14 (70.0%), 13 (76.4%) and 10 (55.6%) patients treated with oxaliplatin, paclitaxel and doxorubicin, respectively. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) was evident in 70 (38.7%) patients, and 40 patients had both PN and dysgeusia. Frequency of dysgeusia was significantly higher in patients with PN than in patients without PN (P <  0.001).

Conclusion

Dysgeusia tended to occur during treatment with oxaliplatin, paclitaxel and doxorubicin, and an association with PN was also suggested.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2FKQyy3

Azithromycin and Erythromycin susceptibility and macrolide resistance genes in Prevotella from patients with periodontal disease

Abstract

Objectives

To study oral Prevotella spp. isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis, to determine their susceptibility to azithromycin and erythromycin and to screen the presence of macrolide resistance genes therein.

Material and Methods

Isolates with a Prevotella‐like morphology were obtained from subgingival samples of 52 patients with chronic periodontitis. Each isolate was identified to the species level by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In 100 Prevotella spp. isolates, azithromycin and erythromycin susceptibility was determined using the E‐test method, and the screening of erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), erm(G), erm(Q) and mef(A) genes was done by PCR.

Results

Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens were the most identified species (33% each). MIC ranges for both antibiotics were 0.016/0.032 ‐ >256 μg/mL. MIC₅₀ values for azithromycin and erythromycin were 1.5 and 1 μg/mL, respectively, and MIC₉₀ values were >256 μg/mL for both antibiotics. Nineteen percent of the isolates carried erm(B) and 51% carried erm(F).

Conclusions

The MIC values found were high compared to previous studies. erm(F) was greatly prevalent and we describe for the first time the erm(B) gene in Prevotella spp. The presence of either of the genes seems to be associated with a higher degree of resistance to azithromycin and erythromycin.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RJL111

The Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies over the Glycyrrhizic Acid as Natural Remedy Option for Treatment of Allergic Asthma

Allergic asthma is the most common type of allergy which have become increasingly prevalent in all around the world. Airway eosinophilic inflammation is a major feature of allergic asthma. Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice) is one of the regular herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as it has many effects on the immune system such as anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory activity; antiviral and antitumor effects. This review focuses on the "licorice" components, mainly glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and derivatives structure that evaluate its effects on the allergic asthma. We performed searching articles in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus data bank from 1990 to 2017. The search syntax were: "glycyrrhizin" OR " glycyrrhizic acid" OR " glycyrrhizinic acid" OR" glycyrrhiza glabra" OR " liquorice root" OR "G. glabra" OR "glycyrrhizic Acid" AND "allergic asthma"  OR "bronchial asthma" OR "asthma, bronchial" OR "airway hyper-responsiveness" OR "airway inflammation".  Several molecular mechanisms and inflammatory mediators may possibly be responsible for efficacy of glycyrrhizin. Some in vitro studies indicated to the fact that possible mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects could be through reduction of pro-inflammatory mediator's synthesis that motivates eosinophil, basophils and mast cells to release cytokines for the differentiation of T helper cells into Th2 cells to secrete interleukins. Furthermore, some transcription factors such as NF-κB, STAT6 and HDAC2 go between modulations of anti-asthmatic effects. The last but not the least it can be said that glycyrrhizin is potentially a good herbal drug with the lower most adverse effects for asthma treatment.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2R60uDj

Beneficial Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Saffron in Alleviating Experimental Autoimmune Diabetes in C57bl/6 Mice

Streptozocin (STZ) is a strong alkalizing agent which is capable of destroying the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. Multiple low doses (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days) prescription of STZ to mice can lead to the T cell-dependent immune response and induction of autoimmune diabetes (AD) with complete similarity to the human type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study has evaluated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of saffron on the clinical and immunological profile of experimental autoimmune diabetes in C57BL/6 mice. After the establishment of the AD, mice were treated orally with hydroalcoholic extract of saffron (500 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. The results with p<0.05 were considered significant. Obtained data showed that treatment with the hydroalcoholic extract of saffron significantly reduced the incidence of hypoglycemia and restored insulin secretion and histopathological changes in pancreas sections. In addition, treatment with saffron reduced lymphocyte proliferation index in the cells isolated from the pancreas of diabetic mice. Also, the extract of saffron markedly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory interleukin-17 (IL-17) increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β in the pancreatic cell population. Moreover, the production of proinflammatory nitric oxide and reactive oxygen substances were down-regulated by the saffron extract. It seems that the hydroalcoholic extract of saffron can be considered as a useful strategy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2W8ImfE

Expression Levels of Predominant Adipokines and Activations of STAT3, STAT6 in an Experimental Mice Model of Obese Asthma

Obese asthma is a new asthma phenotype. The underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Leptin and adiponectin are two predominant adipokines produced by adipose tissue. Studies have demonstrated a role of leptin on regulating the  Janus kinase/signal transducer and ativator of transcription protein(JAK/STAT) signaling pathway and STAT3, STAT6 were known to have essential role on inflammatory cytokines production. However, whether STAT3 and STAT6 are activated and related to leptin merit further investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of leptin/adiponectin ratio and the activations of STAT3 and STAT6 in the lungs of obese asthma mice. Experiments were carried out on male C57/B6J mice. The proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured using ELISA. The expression levels of the transcriptional and translational factors in the lungs were examined using Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The expression levels of leptin in the BALF of normal weight group, asthma group, obese group and obese asthma group were 2.032±0.133, 5.375±0.123, 5.418±0.165 and 7.486±0.168, respectively. The expression of leptin in obese asthma group was the highest (p<0.05) ，while the expression of adiponectin the lowest (p<0.05). The expression level of P-STAT3 in the obese asthma group was 0.9244±0.014, and was significantly higher than three other groups (p<0.05). The expressions of P-STAT6 in three other groups were all significantly higher than normal weight group (p<0.05). Our data suggest that the function of leptin on the pulmonary inflammation of obese asthma may be partly through activating the STAT3 signaling pathway.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2R5ZXBe

Dysgeusia in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology

Author(s): Yosuke Iijima, Miki Yamada, Miki Endo, Motohiko Sano, Shunsuke Hino, Takahiro Kaneko, Norio Horie

Abstract

Objective

The present study aimed to identify the characteristics of dysgeusia caused by cancer chemotherapy.

Patients and methods

We investigated 181 patients with oral adverse events from cancer chemotherapy who were referred to an oral surgery clinic.

Results

Oral mucositis, dysgeusia and dry mouth were found in 62 (34.3%), 61 (33.7%) and 28 (15.5%) patients, respectively. Most dysgeusia was grade 1 (95.1%, P <  0.001) and was found in 20 (50.0%), 16 (43.2%) and 5 (27.8%) patients with colorectal, breast and gynecological types of cancer, respectively. Dysgeusia was identified in 14 (70.0%), 13 (76.4%) and 10 (55.6%) patients treated with oxaliplatin, paclitaxel and doxorubicin, respectively. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) was evident in 70 (38.7%) patients, and 40 patients had both PN and dysgeusia. Frequency of dysgeusia was significantly higher in patients with PN than in patients without PN (P <  0.001).

Conclusion

Dysgeusia tended to occur during treatment with oxaliplatin, paclitaxel and doxorubicin, and an association with PN was also suggested.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2FKQyy3

Azithromycin and Erythromycin susceptibility and macrolide resistance genes in Prevotella from patients with periodontal disease

Abstract

Objectives

To study oral Prevotella spp. isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis, to determine their susceptibility to azithromycin and erythromycin and to screen the presence of macrolide resistance genes therein.

Material and Methods

Isolates with a Prevotella‐like morphology were obtained from subgingival samples of 52 patients with chronic periodontitis. Each isolate was identified to the species level by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In 100 Prevotella spp. isolates, azithromycin and erythromycin susceptibility was determined using the E‐test method, and the screening of erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), erm(G), erm(Q) and mef(A) genes was done by PCR.

Results

Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens were the most identified species (33% each). MIC ranges for both antibiotics were 0.016/0.032 ‐ >256 μg/mL. MIC₅₀ values for azithromycin and erythromycin were 1.5 and 1 μg/mL, respectively, and MIC₉₀ values were >256 μg/mL for both antibiotics. Nineteen percent of the isolates carried erm(B) and 51% carried erm(F).

Conclusions

The MIC values found were high compared to previous studies. erm(F) was greatly prevalent and we describe for the first time the erm(B) gene in Prevotella spp. The presence of either of the genes seems to be associated with a higher degree of resistance to azithromycin and erythromycin.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RJL111

The Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies over the Glycyrrhizic Acid as Natural Remedy Option for Treatment of Allergic Asthma

Allergic asthma is the most common type of allergy which have become increasingly prevalent in all around the world. Airway eosinophilic inflammation is a major feature of allergic asthma. Glycyrrhiza uralensis (licorice) is one of the regular herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as it has many effects on the immune system such as anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory activity; antiviral and antitumor effects. This review focuses on the "licorice" components, mainly glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and derivatives structure that evaluate its effects on the allergic asthma. We performed searching articles in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus data bank from 1990 to 2017. The search syntax were: "glycyrrhizin" OR " glycyrrhizic acid" OR " glycyrrhizinic acid" OR" glycyrrhiza glabra" OR " liquorice root" OR "G. glabra" OR "glycyrrhizic Acid" AND "allergic asthma"  OR "bronchial asthma" OR "asthma, bronchial" OR "airway hyper-responsiveness" OR "airway inflammation".  Several molecular mechanisms and inflammatory mediators may possibly be responsible for efficacy of glycyrrhizin. Some in vitro studies indicated to the fact that possible mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects could be through reduction of pro-inflammatory mediator's synthesis that motivates eosinophil, basophils and mast cells to release cytokines for the differentiation of T helper cells into Th2 cells to secrete interleukins. Furthermore, some transcription factors such as NF-κB, STAT6 and HDAC2 go between modulations of anti-asthmatic effects. The last but not the least it can be said that glycyrrhizin is potentially a good herbal drug with the lower most adverse effects for asthma treatment.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2R60uDj

Beneficial Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Saffron in Alleviating Experimental Autoimmune Diabetes in C57bl/6 Mice

Streptozocin (STZ) is a strong alkalizing agent which is capable of destroying the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. Multiple low doses (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days) prescription of STZ to mice can lead to the T cell-dependent immune response and induction of autoimmune diabetes (AD) with complete similarity to the human type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study has evaluated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of saffron on the clinical and immunological profile of experimental autoimmune diabetes in C57BL/6 mice. After the establishment of the AD, mice were treated orally with hydroalcoholic extract of saffron (500 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. The results with p<0.05 were considered significant. Obtained data showed that treatment with the hydroalcoholic extract of saffron significantly reduced the incidence of hypoglycemia and restored insulin secretion and histopathological changes in pancreas sections. In addition, treatment with saffron reduced lymphocyte proliferation index in the cells isolated from the pancreas of diabetic mice. Also, the extract of saffron markedly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory interleukin-17 (IL-17) increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β in the pancreatic cell population. Moreover, the production of proinflammatory nitric oxide and reactive oxygen substances were down-regulated by the saffron extract. It seems that the hydroalcoholic extract of saffron can be considered as a useful strategy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2W8ImfE

Expression Levels of Predominant Adipokines and Activations of STAT3, STAT6 in an Experimental Mice Model of Obese Asthma

Obese asthma is a new asthma phenotype. The underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Leptin and adiponectin are two predominant adipokines produced by adipose tissue. Studies have demonstrated a role of leptin on regulating the  Janus kinase/signal transducer and ativator of transcription protein(JAK/STAT) signaling pathway and STAT3, STAT6 were known to have essential role on inflammatory cytokines production. However, whether STAT3 and STAT6 are activated and related to leptin merit further investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of leptin/adiponectin ratio and the activations of STAT3 and STAT6 in the lungs of obese asthma mice. Experiments were carried out on male C57/B6J mice. The proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured using ELISA. The expression levels of the transcriptional and translational factors in the lungs were examined using Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The expression levels of leptin in the BALF of normal weight group, asthma group, obese group and obese asthma group were 2.032±0.133, 5.375±0.123, 5.418±0.165 and 7.486±0.168, respectively. The expression of leptin in obese asthma group was the highest (p<0.05) ，while the expression of adiponectin the lowest (p<0.05). The expression level of P-STAT3 in the obese asthma group was 0.9244±0.014, and was significantly higher than three other groups (p<0.05). The expressions of P-STAT6 in three other groups were all significantly higher than normal weight group (p<0.05). Our data suggest that the function of leptin on the pulmonary inflammation of obese asthma may be partly through activating the STAT3 signaling pathway.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2R5ZXBe

Total Glossectomy With Free Flap Reconstruction: Twenty‐Year Experience at a Tertiary Medical Center

Objectives/Hypothesis

To characterize the demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, and treatment and reconstructive outcomes of patients who underwent total glossectomy

Study Design

Retrospective chart review at an academic tertiary‐care medical center.

Methods

All patients who had undergone total glossectomy (as an individual procedure or as part of a more extensive resection) between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2014 were included in the analysis. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were reviewed.

Results

Forty‐eight patients underwent total glossectomy for oral tongue and base of tongue cancer. The mean age of the patients was 56 (range, 29–92 years). History of tobacco and heavy alcohol use was found in 76% and 11% of patients, respectively. The majority of patients had advanced cancer (91.7% at stage IV), and 60.4% had salvage therapy for recurrent disease. T4 disease comprised 81% of patients. Sixty percent had clinical or radiographic evidence of nodal metastasis. Reconstruction of the defect was performed with free flaps from the rectus abdominus (40%), fibula (25%), anterolateral thigh (23%), and other donor tissues. One‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 42% and 26%, with locoregional and distant recurrence reported at 36% and 25%, respectively.

Conclusions

Total glossectomy for oncologic control is most commonly performed in patients who have stage IV cancers. Despite high reconstructive success rates, the likelihood of locoregional and distance recurrence was high. Most patients can communicate intelligibly and achieve decannulation, but swallowing outcomes remain guarded, especially considering previous irradiation and resection of the base of tongue.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2019

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RIZdqM

Comparison of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in different airway portions and association with nitric oxide parameters from patients with asthma

Abstract

Background

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FeNO) is widely used to support diagnosis and monitoring of bronchial asthma (BA). Tsoukias and George proposed a two‐compartment model (2CM) for assessing the alveolar concentration of NO, referred to as CANO(2CM), while Condorelli et al. proposed a model based on the trumpet shape of the airway tree and axial diffusion (TMAD), referred to as CANO(TMAD). In addition, Högman et al. proposed non‐linear model, referred to as CANO(non‐linear).

Objective

We examined associations between the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in airway cells (ACs) by bronchoscopy and NO‐parameters calculated by the three methods and identified which of them accurately reflected expression of iNOS mRNA from different airway portions.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of 18 patients with stable, mild‐moderate asthma, including 10 steroid‐naïve BA (snBA) patients. Samples were obtained from airway brushings and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Expressions of iNOS protein in tissue samples were evaluated by immunostaining. The iNOS mRNA in ACs was measured by qPCR. NO‐parameters calculated by the three methods above and evaluated whether they were associated with iNOS mRNA in ACs derived from proximal (2nd carina), distal (10‐15^th) airways and alveolar regions.

Results

Immunostaining revealed expression of iNOS proteins mainly in epithelial cells in the airways, while it was mainly expressed in macrophages in the alveolar region in the snBA group. The iNOS mRNA expression was increased in both proximal and distal ACs in the snBA group compared with steroid treated BA group (stBA). CANO(2CM) negatively associated with FEV₁ (%predicted) and also associated with iNOS mRNA in distal ACs significantly. However, CANO(TMAD) and CANO(non‐linear) showed no correlation with lung function nor iNOS mRNA expression in any portions of ACs.

Conclusions

These results suggested that CANO(2CM) reflected distal airway inflammation in steroid‐naïve asthma.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MmAAKT

Total Glossectomy With Free Flap Reconstruction: Twenty‐Year Experience at a Tertiary Medical Center

Objectives/Hypothesis

To characterize the demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, and treatment and reconstructive outcomes of patients who underwent total glossectomy

Study Design

Retrospective chart review at an academic tertiary‐care medical center.

Methods

All patients who had undergone total glossectomy (as an individual procedure or as part of a more extensive resection) between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2014 were included in the analysis. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were reviewed.

Results

Forty‐eight patients underwent total glossectomy for oral tongue and base of tongue cancer. The mean age of the patients was 56 (range, 29–92 years). History of tobacco and heavy alcohol use was found in 76% and 11% of patients, respectively. The majority of patients had advanced cancer (91.7% at stage IV), and 60.4% had salvage therapy for recurrent disease. T4 disease comprised 81% of patients. Sixty percent had clinical or radiographic evidence of nodal metastasis. Reconstruction of the defect was performed with free flaps from the rectus abdominus (40%), fibula (25%), anterolateral thigh (23%), and other donor tissues. One‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 42% and 26%, with locoregional and distant recurrence reported at 36% and 25%, respectively.

Conclusions

Total glossectomy for oncologic control is most commonly performed in patients who have stage IV cancers. Despite high reconstructive success rates, the likelihood of locoregional and distance recurrence was high. Most patients can communicate intelligibly and achieve decannulation, but swallowing outcomes remain guarded, especially considering previous irradiation and resection of the base of tongue.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2019

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RIZdqM

Comparison of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression in different airway portions and association with nitric oxide parameters from patients with asthma

Abstract

Background

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FeNO) is widely used to support diagnosis and monitoring of bronchial asthma (BA). Tsoukias and George proposed a two‐compartment model (2CM) for assessing the alveolar concentration of NO, referred to as CANO(2CM), while Condorelli et al. proposed a model based on the trumpet shape of the airway tree and axial diffusion (TMAD), referred to as CANO(TMAD). In addition, Högman et al. proposed non‐linear model, referred to as CANO(non‐linear).

Objective

We examined associations between the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in airway cells (ACs) by bronchoscopy and NO‐parameters calculated by the three methods and identified which of them accurately reflected expression of iNOS mRNA from different airway portions.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of 18 patients with stable, mild‐moderate asthma, including 10 steroid‐naïve BA (snBA) patients. Samples were obtained from airway brushings and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Expressions of iNOS protein in tissue samples were evaluated by immunostaining. The iNOS mRNA in ACs was measured by qPCR. NO‐parameters calculated by the three methods above and evaluated whether they were associated with iNOS mRNA in ACs derived from proximal (2nd carina), distal (10‐15^th) airways and alveolar regions.

Results

Immunostaining revealed expression of iNOS proteins mainly in epithelial cells in the airways, while it was mainly expressed in macrophages in the alveolar region in the snBA group. The iNOS mRNA expression was increased in both proximal and distal ACs in the snBA group compared with steroid treated BA group (stBA). CANO(2CM) negatively associated with FEV₁ (%predicted) and also associated with iNOS mRNA in distal ACs significantly. However, CANO(TMAD) and CANO(non‐linear) showed no correlation with lung function nor iNOS mRNA expression in any portions of ACs.

Conclusions

These results suggested that CANO(2CM) reflected distal airway inflammation in steroid‐naïve asthma.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MmAAKT

Effect of antiangiogenic targeted chemotherapy on the osseointegration of titanium implants in rabbits

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): B. Al-Jandan

Abstract

Patients with cancer have recently been treated with more advanced targeted chemotherapies that have greater specificity towards the cancer cells and fewer side effects. However, the periods of treatment take longer than those of traditional cytotoxic treatments. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of antiangiogenic targeted chemotherapy on the osseointegration of titanium implants. Fourteen white New Zealand rabbits were allocated randomly into two groups of seven: the placebo control group and the Avastin^® group. Animals in the Avastin^® group had five doses of bevacizumab intraperitoneally (3 mg/kg/week). The first was given two days before the implant was inserted and the remaining four were given weekly for four weeks. One titanium implant was inserted in the right distal femoral condyle of each rabbit. Osseointegration of the implants was measured using microcomputed tomography (CT) and histomorphometric evaluation. Both of these showed less osseointegration in the Avastin^® group than in the controls. The pharmacological inhibition of angiogenesis by bevacizumab may negatively affect the osseointegration of titanium implants in rabbits.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2S1Lafr

Effect of antiangiogenic targeted chemotherapy on the osseointegration of titanium implants in rabbits

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): B. Al-Jandan

Abstract

Patients with cancer have recently been treated with more advanced targeted chemotherapies that have greater specificity towards the cancer cells and fewer side effects. However, the periods of treatment take longer than those of traditional cytotoxic treatments. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of antiangiogenic targeted chemotherapy on the osseointegration of titanium implants. Fourteen white New Zealand rabbits were allocated randomly into two groups of seven: the placebo control group and the Avastin^® group. Animals in the Avastin^® group had five doses of bevacizumab intraperitoneally (3 mg/kg/week). The first was given two days before the implant was inserted and the remaining four were given weekly for four weeks. One titanium implant was inserted in the right distal femoral condyle of each rabbit. Osseointegration of the implants was measured using microcomputed tomography (CT) and histomorphometric evaluation. Both of these showed less osseointegration in the Avastin^® group than in the controls. The pharmacological inhibition of angiogenesis by bevacizumab may negatively affect the osseointegration of titanium implants in rabbits.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2S1Lafr

Clinical Evaluation of Full‐arch Screw‐Retained Implant‐Supported Fixed Prostheses and Full‐arch Telescopic‐Retained Implant‐Supported Fixed Prostheses: A 5–12 Year Follow‐up Retrospective Study

Abstract

Objective

To assess the prostheses and implants survival rate and peri‐implantitis rate in edentulous patients treated with full‐arch screw‐retained implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FSIFDPs) and full‐arch telescopic‐retained implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FTIFDPs) over an observation period of at least 5 years.

Materials and Methods

From 2004 to 2012, 696 implants were inserted into 78 patients with 102 prostheses. The FSIFDP group comprised 31 patients (37 prostheses, 232 implants), whereas the FTIFDP group comprised 47 patients (65 prostheses, 464 implants). Prosthesis and implant estimated cumulative survival rates (ECSR) and estimated cumulative peri‐implantitis rates (ECPR) were assessed. The follow‐up period was 5–12 years. Kaplan–Meier survival curves with the log‐rank test were used to evaluate outcomes.

Results

The 12‐year prosthesis ECSR was 96.8% (95% CI: 79.2–99.5, 36/37 prostheses) in the FSIFDP group and 96.4% (95% CI: 86.3–99.1, 63/65 prostheses) in the FTIFDP group, whereas the 12‐year implant ECSR was 99.5% (95% CI: 96.4–99.9, 231/232 implants) in the FSIFDP group and 98.7% (95% CI: 96.9–99.5, 459/464 implants) in the FTIFDP group. The 12‐year ECPR at the prosthesis level was 12.8% (95% CI: 12.7–47.6, 4/37 prostheses) in the FSIFDP group and 12.8% (95% CI: 11.4–24.1, 6/65 prostheses) in the FTIFDP group. The 12‐year ECPR at the implant level was 4.4% (95% CI: 4.3–23.0, 6/232 implants) in the FSIFDP group and 2.2% (95% CI: 2.0–12.3, 7/464 implants) in the FTIFDP group.

Conclusion

FTIFDPs have clinical results comparable to those of FSIFDPs. Therefore, FTIFDPs can be useful.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2W9Pd8N

Assessing the role of cell fusion in cancer metastasis

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: Oral Oncology

Author(s): A. Thirumal Raj, Supriya Kheur, Vikrant R. Patil, Archana A. Gupta

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TcKod7

RE: Impact of radical treatments on survival in locally advanced T4a and T4b buccal mucosa cancers: Selected surgically treated T4b cancers have similar control rates as T4a

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: Oral Oncology

Author(s): Sameep S. Shetty, U.S. Vishal Rao

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2AVKiiT

Clinical Evaluation of Full‐arch Screw‐Retained Implant‐Supported Fixed Prostheses and Full‐arch Telescopic‐Retained Implant‐Supported Fixed Prostheses: A 5–12 Year Follow‐up Retrospective Study

Abstract

Objective

To assess the prostheses and implants survival rate and peri‐implantitis rate in edentulous patients treated with full‐arch screw‐retained implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FSIFDPs) and full‐arch telescopic‐retained implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (FTIFDPs) over an observation period of at least 5 years.

Materials and Methods

From 2004 to 2012, 696 implants were inserted into 78 patients with 102 prostheses. The FSIFDP group comprised 31 patients (37 prostheses, 232 implants), whereas the FTIFDP group comprised 47 patients (65 prostheses, 464 implants). Prosthesis and implant estimated cumulative survival rates (ECSR) and estimated cumulative peri‐implantitis rates (ECPR) were assessed. The follow‐up period was 5–12 years. Kaplan–Meier survival curves with the log‐rank test were used to evaluate outcomes.

Results

The 12‐year prosthesis ECSR was 96.8% (95% CI: 79.2–99.5, 36/37 prostheses) in the FSIFDP group and 96.4% (95% CI: 86.3–99.1, 63/65 prostheses) in the FTIFDP group, whereas the 12‐year implant ECSR was 99.5% (95% CI: 96.4–99.9, 231/232 implants) in the FSIFDP group and 98.7% (95% CI: 96.9–99.5, 459/464 implants) in the FTIFDP group. The 12‐year ECPR at the prosthesis level was 12.8% (95% CI: 12.7–47.6, 4/37 prostheses) in the FSIFDP group and 12.8% (95% CI: 11.4–24.1, 6/65 prostheses) in the FTIFDP group. The 12‐year ECPR at the implant level was 4.4% (95% CI: 4.3–23.0, 6/232 implants) in the FSIFDP group and 2.2% (95% CI: 2.0–12.3, 7/464 implants) in the FTIFDP group.

Conclusion

FTIFDPs have clinical results comparable to those of FSIFDPs. Therefore, FTIFDPs can be useful.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2W9Pd8N

Assessing the role of cell fusion in cancer metastasis

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: Oral Oncology

Author(s): A. Thirumal Raj, Supriya Kheur, Vikrant R. Patil, Archana A. Gupta

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TcKod7

RE: Impact of radical treatments on survival in locally advanced T4a and T4b buccal mucosa cancers: Selected surgically treated T4b cancers have similar control rates as T4a

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: Oral Oncology

Author(s): Sameep S. Shetty, U.S. Vishal Rao

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2AVKiiT

Maxillary osteotomy complications in piezoelectric surgery compared to conventional surgical techniques: a systematic review

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): C. Thereza-Bussolaro, J. Galván Galván, C. Pachêco-Pereira, C. Flores-Mir

Abstract

A systematic review was conducted to investigate the available evidence on maxillary complications related to piezoelectric and conventional surgery. Seven databases were searched. A total of 996 maxillary osteotomies were analysed, 864 performed with conventional tools and 132 with a piezoelectric device. One hundred and fifty-six complication events were reported. The complications, in descending order of overall prevalence, were as follows: neurosensory disturbance (64.7%), haemorrhage (8.3%), oroantral communication (7.7%), soft tissue injury (7.7%), tooth injury (5.1%), infection (3.2%), osteonecrosis (1.9%), and permanent nerve injury (1.3%). Among the complications, the results showed the highest prevalence for neurosensory disturbance, and haemorrhage was the most reported complication and the second most prevalent complication. A three-fold meta-analysis was performed. Using GRADEpro, the level of evidence was determined for each complication. The current low level of evidence suggests that piezoelectric bone surgery reduces critical and important complications during maxillary osteotomy procedures, such as neurosensory disturbance, haemorrhage, oroantral communication, tooth injury, and permanent nerve injury. However, an effective comparison between the two techniques was difficult to perform with the current available literature. Due to the small sample sizes in the piezoelectric surgery studies, caution should be exercised when considering almost non-existent reported complications.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2R7pKce

Maxillary osteotomy complications in piezoelectric surgery compared to conventional surgical techniques: a systematic review

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): C. Thereza-Bussolaro, J. Galván Galván, C. Pachêco-Pereira, C. Flores-Mir

Abstract

A systematic review was conducted to investigate the available evidence on maxillary complications related to piezoelectric and conventional surgery. Seven databases were searched. A total of 996 maxillary osteotomies were analysed, 864 performed with conventional tools and 132 with a piezoelectric device. One hundred and fifty-six complication events were reported. The complications, in descending order of overall prevalence, were as follows: neurosensory disturbance (64.7%), haemorrhage (8.3%), oroantral communication (7.7%), soft tissue injury (7.7%), tooth injury (5.1%), infection (3.2%), osteonecrosis (1.9%), and permanent nerve injury (1.3%). Among the complications, the results showed the highest prevalence for neurosensory disturbance, and haemorrhage was the most reported complication and the second most prevalent complication. A three-fold meta-analysis was performed. Using GRADEpro, the level of evidence was determined for each complication. The current low level of evidence suggests that piezoelectric bone surgery reduces critical and important complications during maxillary osteotomy procedures, such as neurosensory disturbance, haemorrhage, oroantral communication, tooth injury, and permanent nerve injury. However, an effective comparison between the two techniques was difficult to perform with the current available literature. Due to the small sample sizes in the piezoelectric surgery studies, caution should be exercised when considering almost non-existent reported complications.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2R7pKce

3D MRI of whole-brain water permeability with intrinsic diffusivity encoding of arterial labeled spin (IDEALS)

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Kenneth Wengler, Lev Bangiyev, Turhan Canli, Tim Q. Duong, Mark E. Schweitzer, Xiang He

Abstract

This work proposes a novel MRI method – Intrinsic Diffusivity Encoding of Arterial Labeled Spin (IDEALS) – for the whole-brain mapping of water permeability in the human brain without an exogenous contrast agent. Quantitative separation of the intravascular and extravascular labeled water MRI signal was achieved in arterial spin labeling experiments with segmented 3D-GRASE acquisition by modulating the relative sensitivity between relaxation, true diffusion, and pseudodiffusion. The intrinsic diffusivity encoding in k-space created different broadening of the image-domain point spread functions for intravascular and extravascular labeled spins, from which blood-brain barrier (BBB) water extraction fraction (E_w) and water permeability surface area product (PS_w) were estimated. The feasibility and sensitivity of this method was evaluated in healthy subjects at baseline and after caffeine challenge. The estimated baseline E_w and PS_w maps showed contrast among gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). GM E_w was significantly lower than that of WM (78.8% ± 3.3% in GM vs. 83.9% ± 4.6% in WM; p < 0.05) and GM PS_w was significantly higher than that of WM (131.7 ± 29.5 mL/100  g/min in GM vs. 76.2 ± 18.4 mL/100  g/min in WM; p < 0.05). BBB E_w was significantly lower for females than males (74.9% ± 3.7% for females vs. 81.3% ± 3.3% for males in GM; 80.5% ± 4.7% for females vs. 86.1 ± 3.0 for males in WM; p < 0.05 for both), while significant PS_w differences were only observed in WM (143.8 ± 34.4 mL/100  g/min for females vs. 123.6 ± 24.4 mL/100  g/min for males in GM; 91.6 ± 15.0 mL/100  g/min for females vs. 65.9 ± 12.5 mL/100  g/min for males in WM; p = 0.20 and p < 0.05 for GM and WM respectively). Significant correlations between E_w and CBF (r = −0.32, p < 0.05) and between PS_w and CBF (r = 0.89, p < 0.05) were observed, consistent with ¹⁵O-H₂O PET findings. After caffeine challenge, reduced CBF, E_w and PS_w were observed, demonstrating the sensitivity of IDEALS approach.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MmxxlV

Emerging neural specialization of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex to characters through phonological association learning in preschool children

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Georgette Pleisch, Iliana I. Karipidis, Christian Brauchli, Martina Röthlisberger, Christoph Hofstetter, Philipp Stämpfli, Susanne Walitza, Silvia Brem

Abstract

The ventral occipitotemporal (vOT) cortex serves as a core region for visual processing, and specific areas of this region show preferential activation for various visual categories such as faces and print. The emergence of such functional specialization in the human cortex represents a pivotal developmental process, which provides a basis for targeted and efficient information processing. For example, functional specialization to print in the left vOT is an important prerequisite for fluent reading. However, it remains unclear, which processes initiate the preferential cortical activations to characters arising in the vOT during child development. Using a multimodal neuroimaging approach with preschool children at familial risk for developmental dyslexia, we demonstrate how varying levels of expertise modulate the neural response to single characters, which represent the building blocks of print units. The level of expertise to characters was manipulated firstly through brief training of false-font speech–sound associations and secondly by comparing characters for which children differed in their level of familiarity and expertise accumulated through abundant exposure in their everyday environment. Neural correlates of character processing were tracked with simultaneous high-density electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging in a target detection task. We found training performance and expertise-dependent modulation of the visual event-related potential around 220 ms (N1) and the corresponding vOT activation. Additionally, trained false-font characters revealed stronger functional connectivity between the left fusiform gyrus (FFG) seed and left superior parietal/lateral occipital cortex regions with higher training performance. In sum, our results demonstrate that learning artificial-character speech–sound associations enhances activation to trained characters in the vOT and that the magnitude of this activation and the functional connectivity of the left FFG to the parieto-occipital cortex depends on learning performance. This pattern of results suggests emerging development of the reading network after brief training that parallels network specialization during reading acquisition.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2sDipHE

Quantification of structural brain connectivity via a conductance model

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Aina Frau-Pascual, Morgan Fogarty, Bruce Fischl, Anastasia Yendiki, Iman Aganj, for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Abstract

Connectomics has proved promising in quantifying and understanding the effects of development, aging and an array of diseases on the brain. In this work, we propose a new structural connectivity measure from diffusion MRI that allows us to incorporate direct brain connections, as well as indirect ones that would not be otherwise accounted for by standard techniques and that may be key for the better understanding of function from structure. From our experiments on the Human Connectome Project dataset, we find that our measure of structural connectivity better correlates with functional connectivity than streamline tractography does, meaning that it provides new structural information related to function. Through additional experiments on the ADNI-2 dataset, we demonstrate the ability of this new measure to better discriminate different stages of Alzheimer's disease. Our findings suggest that this measure is useful in the study of the normal brain structure, and for quantifying the effects of disease on the brain structure.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MmcyPY

hMRI – A toolbox for quantitative MRI in neuroscience and clinical research

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Karsten Tabelow, Evelyne Balteau, John Ashburner, Martina F. Callaghan, Bogdan Draganski, Gunther Helms, Ferath Kherif, Tobias Leutritz, Antoine Lutti, Christophe Phillips, Enrico Reimer, Lars Ruthotto, Maryam Seif, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Gabriel Ziegler, Siawoosh Mohammadi

Abstract

Neuroscience and clinical researchers are increasingly interested in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) due to its sensitivity to micro-structural properties of brain tissue such as axon, myelin, iron and water concentration. We introduce the hMRI-toolbox, an open-source, easy-to-use tool available on GitHub, for qMRI data handling and processing, presented together with a tutorial and example dataset. This toolbox allows the estimation of high-quality multi-parameter qMRI maps (longitudinal and effective transverse relaxation rates R1 and R2⋆, proton density PD and magnetisation transfer MT saturation) that can be used for quantitative parameter analysis and accurate delineation of subcortical brain structures. The qMRI maps generated by the toolbox are key input parameters for biophysical models designed to estimate tissue microstructure properties such as the MR g-ratio and to derive standard and novel MRI biomarkers. Thus, the current version of the toolbox is a first step towards in vivo histology using MRI (hMRI) and is being extended further in this direction. Embedded in the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) framework, it benefits from the extensive range of established SPM tools for high-accuracy spatial registration and statistical inferences and can be readily combined with existing SPM toolboxes for estimating diffusion MRI parameter maps. From a user's perspective, the hMRI-toolbox is an efficient, robust and simple framework for investigating qMRI data in neuroscience and clinical research.

Graphical abstract

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2sCN4Vz

3D MRI of whole-brain water permeability with intrinsic diffusivity encoding of arterial labeled spin (IDEALS)

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Kenneth Wengler, Lev Bangiyev, Turhan Canli, Tim Q. Duong, Mark E. Schweitzer, Xiang He

Abstract

This work proposes a novel MRI method – Intrinsic Diffusivity Encoding of Arterial Labeled Spin (IDEALS) – for the whole-brain mapping of water permeability in the human brain without an exogenous contrast agent. Quantitative separation of the intravascular and extravascular labeled water MRI signal was achieved in arterial spin labeling experiments with segmented 3D-GRASE acquisition by modulating the relative sensitivity between relaxation, true diffusion, and pseudodiffusion. The intrinsic diffusivity encoding in k-space created different broadening of the image-domain point spread functions for intravascular and extravascular labeled spins, from which blood-brain barrier (BBB) water extraction fraction (E_w) and water permeability surface area product (PS_w) were estimated. The feasibility and sensitivity of this method was evaluated in healthy subjects at baseline and after caffeine challenge. The estimated baseline E_w and PS_w maps showed contrast among gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). GM E_w was significantly lower than that of WM (78.8% ± 3.3% in GM vs. 83.9% ± 4.6% in WM; p < 0.05) and GM PS_w was significantly higher than that of WM (131.7 ± 29.5 mL/100  g/min in GM vs. 76.2 ± 18.4 mL/100  g/min in WM; p < 0.05). BBB E_w was significantly lower for females than males (74.9% ± 3.7% for females vs. 81.3% ± 3.3% for males in GM; 80.5% ± 4.7% for females vs. 86.1 ± 3.0 for males in WM; p < 0.05 for both), while significant PS_w differences were only observed in WM (143.8 ± 34.4 mL/100  g/min for females vs. 123.6 ± 24.4 mL/100  g/min for males in GM; 91.6 ± 15.0 mL/100  g/min for females vs. 65.9 ± 12.5 mL/100  g/min for males in WM; p = 0.20 and p < 0.05 for GM and WM respectively). Significant correlations between E_w and CBF (r = −0.32, p < 0.05) and between PS_w and CBF (r = 0.89, p < 0.05) were observed, consistent with ¹⁵O-H₂O PET findings. After caffeine challenge, reduced CBF, E_w and PS_w were observed, demonstrating the sensitivity of IDEALS approach.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MmxxlV

Emerging neural specialization of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex to characters through phonological association learning in preschool children

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Georgette Pleisch, Iliana I. Karipidis, Christian Brauchli, Martina Röthlisberger, Christoph Hofstetter, Philipp Stämpfli, Susanne Walitza, Silvia Brem

Abstract

The ventral occipitotemporal (vOT) cortex serves as a core region for visual processing, and specific areas of this region show preferential activation for various visual categories such as faces and print. The emergence of such functional specialization in the human cortex represents a pivotal developmental process, which provides a basis for targeted and efficient information processing. For example, functional specialization to print in the left vOT is an important prerequisite for fluent reading. However, it remains unclear, which processes initiate the preferential cortical activations to characters arising in the vOT during child development. Using a multimodal neuroimaging approach with preschool children at familial risk for developmental dyslexia, we demonstrate how varying levels of expertise modulate the neural response to single characters, which represent the building blocks of print units. The level of expertise to characters was manipulated firstly through brief training of false-font speech–sound associations and secondly by comparing characters for which children differed in their level of familiarity and expertise accumulated through abundant exposure in their everyday environment. Neural correlates of character processing were tracked with simultaneous high-density electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging in a target detection task. We found training performance and expertise-dependent modulation of the visual event-related potential around 220 ms (N1) and the corresponding vOT activation. Additionally, trained false-font characters revealed stronger functional connectivity between the left fusiform gyrus (FFG) seed and left superior parietal/lateral occipital cortex regions with higher training performance. In sum, our results demonstrate that learning artificial-character speech–sound associations enhances activation to trained characters in the vOT and that the magnitude of this activation and the functional connectivity of the left FFG to the parieto-occipital cortex depends on learning performance. This pattern of results suggests emerging development of the reading network after brief training that parallels network specialization during reading acquisition.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2sDipHE

Quantification of structural brain connectivity via a conductance model

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Aina Frau-Pascual, Morgan Fogarty, Bruce Fischl, Anastasia Yendiki, Iman Aganj, for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Abstract

Connectomics has proved promising in quantifying and understanding the effects of development, aging and an array of diseases on the brain. In this work, we propose a new structural connectivity measure from diffusion MRI that allows us to incorporate direct brain connections, as well as indirect ones that would not be otherwise accounted for by standard techniques and that may be key for the better understanding of function from structure. From our experiments on the Human Connectome Project dataset, we find that our measure of structural connectivity better correlates with functional connectivity than streamline tractography does, meaning that it provides new structural information related to function. Through additional experiments on the ADNI-2 dataset, we demonstrate the ability of this new measure to better discriminate different stages of Alzheimer's disease. Our findings suggest that this measure is useful in the study of the normal brain structure, and for quantifying the effects of disease on the brain structure.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MmcyPY

hMRI – A toolbox for quantitative MRI in neuroscience and clinical research

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: NeuroImage

Author(s): Karsten Tabelow, Evelyne Balteau, John Ashburner, Martina F. Callaghan, Bogdan Draganski, Gunther Helms, Ferath Kherif, Tobias Leutritz, Antoine Lutti, Christophe Phillips, Enrico Reimer, Lars Ruthotto, Maryam Seif, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Gabriel Ziegler, Siawoosh Mohammadi

Abstract

Neuroscience and clinical researchers are increasingly interested in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) due to its sensitivity to micro-structural properties of brain tissue such as axon, myelin, iron and water concentration. We introduce the hMRI-toolbox, an open-source, easy-to-use tool available on GitHub, for qMRI data handling and processing, presented together with a tutorial and example dataset. This toolbox allows the estimation of high-quality multi-parameter qMRI maps (longitudinal and effective transverse relaxation rates R1 and R2⋆, proton density PD and magnetisation transfer MT saturation) that can be used for quantitative parameter analysis and accurate delineation of subcortical brain structures. The qMRI maps generated by the toolbox are key input parameters for biophysical models designed to estimate tissue microstructure properties such as the MR g-ratio and to derive standard and novel MRI biomarkers. Thus, the current version of the toolbox is a first step towards in vivo histology using MRI (hMRI) and is being extended further in this direction. Embedded in the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) framework, it benefits from the extensive range of established SPM tools for high-accuracy spatial registration and statistical inferences and can be readily combined with existing SPM toolboxes for estimating diffusion MRI parameter maps. From a user's perspective, the hMRI-toolbox is an efficient, robust and simple framework for investigating qMRI data in neuroscience and clinical research.

Graphical abstract

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2sCN4Vz

Congress announcement: ANATOMIA CLINICA, Madrid, Spain, 2019, June 24–26

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Hre7gH

Congress announcement: ANATOMIA CLINICA, Madrid, Spain, 2019, June 24–26

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Hre7gH

Declining prevalence of pediatric sudden deafness during the past two decades

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Bang-Yan Zhang, Yi-Ho Young

Abstract

Objective

This study compared the prevalence of sudden deafness (SD) in children to investigate the evolution of pediatric SD during the past two decades.

Methods

From 1996 to 2005, totaling 358 SD patients were experienced. Of them, 25 patients (7%) aged <15 years were assigned to Group A. In contrast, 5 patients (2%) aged <15 years of 242 SD patients encountered during the period 2006∼2015 were assigned to Group B. All patients underwent audiovestibular function testing.

Results

The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination reached to 95% vaccination rate in Taiwan after 1994. As 1994 (MMR vaccination years) + 11 (mean age of pediatric SD) equals 2005, this study found that declining prevalence of pediatric SD was from 7% (1996-2005) to 2% (2006-2015) at our hospital, consistent with declining annual cases of SD in Taiwan during the past decades. A significantly higher abnormality rate of mean hearing level (93%) than abnormal caloric responses (20%) was identified indicating that pediatric SD predominately affected the cochlear partition.

Conclusion

The prevalence of pediatric SD cases has significantly declined during the past 20 years, probably due to global vaccination policy. Other causal factors such as growing numbers of hospital and advancement in radiological diagnostic technique may also contribute to the declining prevalence.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2CAm3Xy

Mandibular condylar fractures in children and adolescents: 5-year retrospective cohort study

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Hai-Hua Zhou, Kun Lv, Rong-TaoYang, Zhi Li, Xue-Wen Yang, Zu-Bing Li

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the demographic characteristics of mandibular condylar fractures between children and adolescents.

Methods

The sample was composed of all children (less than 12 years) and adolescents (between 13 and 18 years old) who presented with mandibular condylar fractures within a 5-year period (January 2011 to April 2016). The age, gender, time of injury, mechanism of trauma, location and pattern of fracture, associated injuries and treatment methods were recorded and analysed. Data analysis included chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Differences at p less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

A total of 111 children and 39 adolescent patients with condylar fractures were registered and compared. More children than adolescents were involved in falls from a height (p=0.007), but nearly no relationship was observed between the trauma aetiology and type of condylar fracture in the two patient groups. Condylar head fractures occurred most frequently in the children and adolescents, especially in the children (p<0.05). Condylar neck fractures were more frequently observed in the adolescent patients (p<0.001) than in the children. Green-stick fractures occurred only in the child patients (p=0.005). The patients who fractured other sites of the mandible tended to show a decreased frequency of dislocation (condylar head was out of the glenoid fossa) (p=0.024). Symphysis/para-symphysis fractures were highly common in the children who sustained unilateral condylar fractures (p<0.05). The patients with bilateral condylar fractures were more frequently associated with other mandibular fractures (children, p=0.001; adolescents, p=0.011), especially the fracture of the mandibular body or symphysis. The children who sustained extracapsular fractures were more prone to fractures of other mandibular sites (p=0.009), especially fracture of the symphysis/para-symphysis (p=0.014). Intracapsular fractures in children were treated non-surgically more frequently than surgically (p<0.001). The extracapsular fractures (mild and serious fractures) in children were also treated non-surgically more frequently (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The trauma mechanisms, incidence, pattern and treatment of condylar fractures in children substantially differ from those in adolescents. This study was conducted to enable the understanding of the differences in condylar fractures between children and adolescents. Accordingly, preventive measures and treatment plans in children or adolescents should be applied differently.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2REhGVu

Declining prevalence of pediatric sudden deafness during the past two decades

Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Bang-Yan Zhang, Yi-Ho Young

Abstract

Objective

This study compared the prevalence of sudden deafness (SD) in children to investigate the evolution of pediatric SD during the past two decades.

Methods

From 1996 to 2005, totaling 358 SD patients were experienced. Of them, 25 patients (7%) aged <15 years were assigned to Group A. In contrast, 5 patients (2%) aged <15 years of 242 SD patients encountered during the period 2006∼2015 were assigned to Group B. All patients underwent audiovestibular function testing.

Results

The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination reached to 95% vaccination rate in Taiwan after 1994. As 1994 (MMR vaccination years) + 11 (mean age of pediatric SD) equals 2005, this study found that declining prevalence of pediatric SD was from 7% (1996-2005) to 2% (2006-2015) at our hospital, consistent with declining annual cases of SD in Taiwan during the past decades. A significantly higher abnormality rate of mean hearing level (93%) than abnormal caloric responses (20%) was identified indicating that pediatric SD predominately affected the cochlear partition.

Conclusion

The prevalence of pediatric SD cases has significantly declined during the past 20 years, probably due to global vaccination policy. Other causal factors such as growing numbers of hospital and advancement in radiological diagnostic technique may also contribute to the declining prevalence.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2CAm3Xy

Mandibular condylar fractures in children and adolescents: 5-year retrospective cohort study

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Hai-Hua Zhou, Kun Lv, Rong-TaoYang, Zhi Li, Xue-Wen Yang, Zu-Bing Li

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the demographic characteristics of mandibular condylar fractures between children and adolescents.

Methods

The sample was composed of all children (less than 12 years) and adolescents (between 13 and 18 years old) who presented with mandibular condylar fractures within a 5-year period (January 2011 to April 2016). The age, gender, time of injury, mechanism of trauma, location and pattern of fracture, associated injuries and treatment methods were recorded and analysed. Data analysis included chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Differences at p less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

A total of 111 children and 39 adolescent patients with condylar fractures were registered and compared. More children than adolescents were involved in falls from a height (p=0.007), but nearly no relationship was observed between the trauma aetiology and type of condylar fracture in the two patient groups. Condylar head fractures occurred most frequently in the children and adolescents, especially in the children (p<0.05). Condylar neck fractures were more frequently observed in the adolescent patients (p<0.001) than in the children. Green-stick fractures occurred only in the child patients (p=0.005). The patients who fractured other sites of the mandible tended to show a decreased frequency of dislocation (condylar head was out of the glenoid fossa) (p=0.024). Symphysis/para-symphysis fractures were highly common in the children who sustained unilateral condylar fractures (p<0.05). The patients with bilateral condylar fractures were more frequently associated with other mandibular fractures (children, p=0.001; adolescents, p=0.011), especially the fracture of the mandibular body or symphysis. The children who sustained extracapsular fractures were more prone to fractures of other mandibular sites (p=0.009), especially fracture of the symphysis/para-symphysis (p=0.014). Intracapsular fractures in children were treated non-surgically more frequently than surgically (p<0.001). The extracapsular fractures (mild and serious fractures) in children were also treated non-surgically more frequently (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The trauma mechanisms, incidence, pattern and treatment of condylar fractures in children substantially differ from those in adolescents. This study was conducted to enable the understanding of the differences in condylar fractures between children and adolescents. Accordingly, preventive measures and treatment plans in children or adolescents should be applied differently.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2REhGVu

The Ability of Magnetic Resonance Black Blood Vessel Wall Imaging to Evaluate Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury Following Acute Trauma

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: Journal of Neuroradiology

Author(s): Justin E. Vranic, Thien J. Huynh, Peter Fata, Jason Barber, Robert H. Bonow, Michael R. Levitt, Nancy Temkin, Ryan Morton, Cory Kelly, Dean K. Shibata, Mahmud Mossa-Basha

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose: Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is associated with a significant risk of ischemic stroke when left untreated. Cross-sectional imaging is vital to early BCVI diagnosis and treatment; however, conventional luminal vessel imaging is limited in its ability to evaluate for vessel wall pathology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of vessel wall MRI (VWI) to detect and evaluate BCVI in acutely injured trauma patients relative to neck CTA.

Materials and methods: Trauma patients with suspected BCVI on initial neck CTA were prospectively recruited for VWI evaluation. Two neuroradiologists blinded to patient clinical history and CTA findings evaluated each artery independently on VWI and noted the presence and grade of BCVI. These results were subsequently compared to neck CTA findings relative to expert clinical consensus review. Interrater reliability of VWI for detecting BCVI was evaluated using a weighted Cohen k -statistic.

Results: Ten trauma patients (40 cervical arteries) were prospectively evaluated using both CTA and VWI. Out of 18 vascular lesions identified as suspicious for BCVI on CTA, 6 lesions were determined to represent true BCVI by expert consensus review. There was almost perfect agreement between VWI and expert consensus regarding the presence and grade of BCVI (k = 0.82). This agreement increased when considering only low grade BCVI. There was only fair agreement between CTA and expert clinical consensus (k = 0.36). This agreement decreased when considering only low grade BCVI.

Conclusions: VWI can potentially accurately identify and evaluate BCVI in acutely injured trauma patients with excellent interrater reliability.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Dr4Px8

The Ability of Magnetic Resonance Black Blood Vessel Wall Imaging to Evaluate Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury Following Acute Trauma

Publication date: Available online 21 January 2019

Source: Journal of Neuroradiology

Author(s): Justin E. Vranic, Thien J. Huynh, Peter Fata, Jason Barber, Robert H. Bonow, Michael R. Levitt, Nancy Temkin, Ryan Morton, Cory Kelly, Dean K. Shibata, Mahmud Mossa-Basha

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose: Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is associated with a significant risk of ischemic stroke when left untreated. Cross-sectional imaging is vital to early BCVI diagnosis and treatment; however, conventional luminal vessel imaging is limited in its ability to evaluate for vessel wall pathology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of vessel wall MRI (VWI) to detect and evaluate BCVI in acutely injured trauma patients relative to neck CTA.

Materials and methods: Trauma patients with suspected BCVI on initial neck CTA were prospectively recruited for VWI evaluation. Two neuroradiologists blinded to patient clinical history and CTA findings evaluated each artery independently on VWI and noted the presence and grade of BCVI. These results were subsequently compared to neck CTA findings relative to expert clinical consensus review. Interrater reliability of VWI for detecting BCVI was evaluated using a weighted Cohen k -statistic.

Results: Ten trauma patients (40 cervical arteries) were prospectively evaluated using both CTA and VWI. Out of 18 vascular lesions identified as suspicious for BCVI on CTA, 6 lesions were determined to represent true BCVI by expert consensus review. There was almost perfect agreement between VWI and expert consensus regarding the presence and grade of BCVI (k = 0.82). This agreement increased when considering only low grade BCVI. There was only fair agreement between CTA and expert clinical consensus (k = 0.36). This agreement decreased when considering only low grade BCVI.

Conclusions: VWI can potentially accurately identify and evaluate BCVI in acutely injured trauma patients with excellent interrater reliability.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Dr4Px8

Clinical Study of Minimally Invasive Ponto Surgical Technique (MIPS) - Design Iteration

Conditions:   Bone Conduction Deafness;   Unilateral Deafness;   Middle Ear Deafness;   Mixed Hearing Loss Intervention:   Device: Minimally Invasive Ponto Surgery Sponsor:   Oticon Medical Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2W6Gh3W

Exploring the Use of ECochG Testing During Electrode Insertion in Cochlear Implant Surgery

Conditions:   Cochlear Implants;   Hearing Preservation Intervention:   Procedure: Electrocochlography Sponsors:   Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;   University of Cambridge Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2R4oHdg

T1ρ mapping for assessment of renal allograft fibrosis

Background

There is an unmet need for noninvasive methods to diagnose and stage renal allograft fibrosis.

Purpose

To investigate the utility of T_1ρ measured with MRI for the assessment of fibrosis in renal allografts.

Study Type

Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved prospective.

Subjects

Fifteen patients with stable functional allograft (M/F 9/6, mean age 56 years) and 12 patients with allograft dysfunction and established fibrosis (M/F 6/6, mean age 51 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

T_1ρ imaging at 1.5T using a custom‐developed sequence.

Assessment

Average T_1ρ in the cortex and medulla was quantified and T_1ρ repeatability (expressed by the coefficient of variation [CV]) was measured in four patients.

Statistical Tests

Differences in T_1ρ values between the 2 groups were assessed using Mann–Whitney U‐tests. Diagnostic performance of T_1ρ for differentiation between functional and fibrotic allografts was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Spearman correlations of T_1ρ with Masson's trichrome‐stained fractions and serum estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were assessed.

Results

Higher T_1ρ repeatability was found for cortex compared with medulla (mean CV T_1ρ cortex 7.4%, medulla 13.3%). T_1ρ values were significantly higher in the cortex of fibrotic vs. functional allografts (111.8 ± 17.2 msec vs. 99.0 ± 11.0 msec, P = 0.027), while there was no difference in medullary T_1ρ values (122.6 ± 20.8 msec vs. 124.3 ± 20.8 msec, P = 0.789). Cortical T_1ρ significantly correlated with Masson's trichrome‐stained fractions (r = 0.515, P = 0.044) and eGFR (r = –0.546, P = 0.004), and demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 for differentiating between functional and fibrotic allografts (sensitivity and specificity of 75.0% and 86.7%, using threshold of 106.9 msec).

Data Conclusion

Our preliminary results suggest that T_1ρ is a potential imaging biomarker of renal allograft fibrosis. These results should be verified in a larger study.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2W6FXlK

Clinical Study of Minimally Invasive Ponto Surgical Technique (MIPS) - Design Iteration

Conditions:   Bone Conduction Deafness;   Unilateral Deafness;   Middle Ear Deafness;   Mixed Hearing Loss Intervention:   Device: Minimally Invasive Ponto Surgery Sponsor:   Oticon Medical Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2W6Gh3W

Exploring the Use of ECochG Testing During Electrode Insertion in Cochlear Implant Surgery

Conditions:   Cochlear Implants;   Hearing Preservation Intervention:   Procedure: Electrocochlography Sponsors:   Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust;   University of Cambridge Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2R4oHdg

T1ρ mapping for assessment of renal allograft fibrosis

Background

There is an unmet need for noninvasive methods to diagnose and stage renal allograft fibrosis.

Purpose

To investigate the utility of T_1ρ measured with MRI for the assessment of fibrosis in renal allografts.

Study Type

Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved prospective.

Subjects

Fifteen patients with stable functional allograft (M/F 9/6, mean age 56 years) and 12 patients with allograft dysfunction and established fibrosis (M/F 6/6, mean age 51 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

T_1ρ imaging at 1.5T using a custom‐developed sequence.

Assessment

Average T_1ρ in the cortex and medulla was quantified and T_1ρ repeatability (expressed by the coefficient of variation [CV]) was measured in four patients.

Statistical Tests

Differences in T_1ρ values between the 2 groups were assessed using Mann–Whitney U‐tests. Diagnostic performance of T_1ρ for differentiation between functional and fibrotic allografts was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Spearman correlations of T_1ρ with Masson's trichrome‐stained fractions and serum estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were assessed.

Results

Higher T_1ρ repeatability was found for cortex compared with medulla (mean CV T_1ρ cortex 7.4%, medulla 13.3%). T_1ρ values were significantly higher in the cortex of fibrotic vs. functional allografts (111.8 ± 17.2 msec vs. 99.0 ± 11.0 msec, P = 0.027), while there was no difference in medullary T_1ρ values (122.6 ± 20.8 msec vs. 124.3 ± 20.8 msec, P = 0.789). Cortical T_1ρ significantly correlated with Masson's trichrome‐stained fractions (r = 0.515, P = 0.044) and eGFR (r = –0.546, P = 0.004), and demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 for differentiating between functional and fibrotic allografts (sensitivity and specificity of 75.0% and 86.7%, using threshold of 106.9 msec).

Data Conclusion

Our preliminary results suggest that T_1ρ is a potential imaging biomarker of renal allograft fibrosis. These results should be verified in a larger study.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2W6FXlK

Pyogenic granuloma over the venous component of a mixed vascular malformation

A 52‐year‐old man presented with a rapidly growing red tumor on the central neckline. It had appeared over a congenital flat and pinkish vascular lesion that involved the shoulder and the upper anterior area of his chest. Intermingled with the pinkish stain, there were also some blue nodules several millimeters in diameter. Histopathologic examination revealed that the full lesion was a mixed venous‐capillary malformation. The red tumor was excised and diagnosed as a pyogenic granuloma developing over the venous component of the vascular malformation. To our knowledge, a pyogenic granuloma growing over a venous malformation had not yet been described.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2T7PMhs

Facial pustules due to drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms may histopathologically mimic eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: a case report

Pustules with facial and/or neck edema is one characteristic feature of drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS) at the early stage. Although several retrospective histopathologic studies on DIHS/DRESS have been reported, the detailed histopathologic findings of facial pustules for DIHS/DRESS are unavailable. We herein report a case of DIHS/DRESS with facial pustules that was histopathologically similar to eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF). Eosinophilic infiltration into dilated follicles and sebaceous glands, which is highly characteristic of EPF, was detected in pustules due to DIHS/DRESS in this case. There are numerous pathophysiological similarities between DIHS/DRESS and EPF, which may cause their histopathologic similarity. Our findings suggest that facial pustules of DIHS/DRESS may histopathologically mimic EPF.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2B04xvH

A primary cutaneous vascular neoplasm with histologic features of anastomosing hemangioma

Anastomosing hemangioma (AH) is a relatively novel variant of benign vascular tumors originally described in the genitourinary tract. Although AH was subsequently documented in various anatomic locations, a primary AH of the skin has not been reported in the literature. The current case report documents a vascular lesion with histologic features reminiscent of an anastomosing hemangioma. A 41‐year‐old female patient underwent an excision of a painful nodule on the leg. Histologic examination showed a well‐circumscribed vascular lesion composed of anastomosing sinusoidal capillary‐sized vessels, several intravascular fibrin thrombi, rare intraluminal nucleated red blood cells, and focal intracytoplasmic hyaline globules. As AH was hitherto only documented in extracutaneous sites, most dermatopathologists are probably not familiar with this variant of hemangioma. The current case report details the morphologic features of a potential example of a primary cutaneous AH to increase awareness of this distinctive hemangioma variant to dermatopathologists. Larger studies of vascular lesions with similar histologic features and immunohistochemical profiles are warranted to investigate the potential existence of primary AH in the skin.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TegLru

Lucio Phenomenon mimicking antiphospholipid syndrome: the occurrence of antiphospholipid antibodies in a leprosy patient

Lucio phenomenon is an atypical reaction of leprosy, characterized by vasculitic lesions that can mimic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) clinically. Distinguishing the two can be difficult as antiphospholipid autoantibodies could be present in patients with leprosy. We report on a 32‐year‐old female patient presenting with a sudden onset of fever, hemorrhagic bullae, and skin necrosis on her lower legs. She was treated for APS due to the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies but had an inadequate response. A skin biopsy was done that revealed thrombotic vasculopathy and necrotizing vasculitis associated with aggregation of foam cells in the perivascular area and subcutis, with acid‐fast positive bacilli in the histiocytes and blood vessel walls. Direct immunofluorescence showed IgM, C3, and fibrinogen deposition in the superficial and deep dermal blood vessels. The pathology confirmed the diagnosis of Lucio phenomenon and appropriate therapy was given. It is essential to evaluate the patient comprehensively, including clinical, serological, and pathological aspects, to obtain the correct diagnosis.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2AZ7jRR

Expression of p15 in a spectrum of spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms

Background

Accurate classification of spitzoid melanocytic lesions is difficult due to overlapping clinical and histopathologic features between Spitz nevi, atypical Spitz tumors (ASTs), and spitzoid melanomas. Expression of p16 (CDKN2A) has been used as a marker of spitzoid lesions. However, its expression may be variable. p15 is a tumor suppressor encoded by CDKN2B, loss of which has been recently shown to promote transition from nevus to melanoma. We sought to determine whether p15 is a useful immunohistochemical marker to distinguish Spitz nevi from spitzoid melanomas, and to compare p15 and p16 staining in this population.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry for p15 and p16 was performed on Spitz nevi (n=19), ASTs (n=41), and spitzoid melanomas (n=17). Immunoexpression was categorized by a four‐tiered system: 0 (negative), 1+ (weak), 2+ (moderate), 3+ (strong).

Results

3+/strong p15 staining was observed in 68.4% of Spitz nevi, 34.2% of ASTs, and 17.7% of spitzoid melanomas. By contrast, we observed 3+ p16 staining in roughly equivalent percentages of Spitz nevi (57.9%), ASTs (56.1%), and spitzoid melanomas (58.8%).

Conclusion

These data illustrate that p15 may be more useful than p16 as a biomarker to help distinguish benign from malignant spitzoid lesions.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2T5VwZ9

Pyogenic granuloma over the venous component of a mixed vascular malformation

A 52‐year‐old man presented with a rapidly growing red tumor on the central neckline. It had appeared over a congenital flat and pinkish vascular lesion that involved the shoulder and the upper anterior area of his chest. Intermingled with the pinkish stain, there were also some blue nodules several millimeters in diameter. Histopathologic examination revealed that the full lesion was a mixed venous‐capillary malformation. The red tumor was excised and diagnosed as a pyogenic granuloma developing over the venous component of the vascular malformation. To our knowledge, a pyogenic granuloma growing over a venous malformation had not yet been described.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2T7PMhs

Facial pustules due to drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms may histopathologically mimic eosinophilic pustular folliculitis: a case report

Pustules with facial and/or neck edema is one characteristic feature of drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS) at the early stage. Although several retrospective histopathologic studies on DIHS/DRESS have been reported, the detailed histopathologic findings of facial pustules for DIHS/DRESS are unavailable. We herein report a case of DIHS/DRESS with facial pustules that was histopathologically similar to eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF). Eosinophilic infiltration into dilated follicles and sebaceous glands, which is highly characteristic of EPF, was detected in pustules due to DIHS/DRESS in this case. There are numerous pathophysiological similarities between DIHS/DRESS and EPF, which may cause their histopathologic similarity. Our findings suggest that facial pustules of DIHS/DRESS may histopathologically mimic EPF.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2B04xvH

A primary cutaneous vascular neoplasm with histologic features of anastomosing hemangioma

Anastomosing hemangioma (AH) is a relatively novel variant of benign vascular tumors originally described in the genitourinary tract. Although AH was subsequently documented in various anatomic locations, a primary AH of the skin has not been reported in the literature. The current case report documents a vascular lesion with histologic features reminiscent of an anastomosing hemangioma. A 41‐year‐old female patient underwent an excision of a painful nodule on the leg. Histologic examination showed a well‐circumscribed vascular lesion composed of anastomosing sinusoidal capillary‐sized vessels, several intravascular fibrin thrombi, rare intraluminal nucleated red blood cells, and focal intracytoplasmic hyaline globules. As AH was hitherto only documented in extracutaneous sites, most dermatopathologists are probably not familiar with this variant of hemangioma. The current case report details the morphologic features of a potential example of a primary cutaneous AH to increase awareness of this distinctive hemangioma variant to dermatopathologists. Larger studies of vascular lesions with similar histologic features and immunohistochemical profiles are warranted to investigate the potential existence of primary AH in the skin.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TegLru

Lucio Phenomenon mimicking antiphospholipid syndrome: the occurrence of antiphospholipid antibodies in a leprosy patient

Lucio phenomenon is an atypical reaction of leprosy, characterized by vasculitic lesions that can mimic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) clinically. Distinguishing the two can be difficult as antiphospholipid autoantibodies could be present in patients with leprosy. We report on a 32‐year‐old female patient presenting with a sudden onset of fever, hemorrhagic bullae, and skin necrosis on her lower legs. She was treated for APS due to the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies but had an inadequate response. A skin biopsy was done that revealed thrombotic vasculopathy and necrotizing vasculitis associated with aggregation of foam cells in the perivascular area and subcutis, with acid‐fast positive bacilli in the histiocytes and blood vessel walls. Direct immunofluorescence showed IgM, C3, and fibrinogen deposition in the superficial and deep dermal blood vessels. The pathology confirmed the diagnosis of Lucio phenomenon and appropriate therapy was given. It is essential to evaluate the patient comprehensively, including clinical, serological, and pathological aspects, to obtain the correct diagnosis.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2AZ7jRR

Expression of p15 in a spectrum of spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms

Background

Accurate classification of spitzoid melanocytic lesions is difficult due to overlapping clinical and histopathologic features between Spitz nevi, atypical Spitz tumors (ASTs), and spitzoid melanomas. Expression of p16 (CDKN2A) has been used as a marker of spitzoid lesions. However, its expression may be variable. p15 is a tumor suppressor encoded by CDKN2B, loss of which has been recently shown to promote transition from nevus to melanoma. We sought to determine whether p15 is a useful immunohistochemical marker to distinguish Spitz nevi from spitzoid melanomas, and to compare p15 and p16 staining in this population.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry for p15 and p16 was performed on Spitz nevi (n=19), ASTs (n=41), and spitzoid melanomas (n=17). Immunoexpression was categorized by a four‐tiered system: 0 (negative), 1+ (weak), 2+ (moderate), 3+ (strong).

Results

3+/strong p15 staining was observed in 68.4% of Spitz nevi, 34.2% of ASTs, and 17.7% of spitzoid melanomas. By contrast, we observed 3+ p16 staining in roughly equivalent percentages of Spitz nevi (57.9%), ASTs (56.1%), and spitzoid melanomas (58.8%).

Conclusion

These data illustrate that p15 may be more useful than p16 as a biomarker to help distinguish benign from malignant spitzoid lesions.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2T5VwZ9

Effects of Vaginal Seeding on Infants' Body Mass Index and Allergy Risk for Caesarean-delivered Children

Conditions:   Overweight and Obesity;   Allergy Intervention:   Procedure: Vaginal seeding Sponsors:   Peking University;   National Natural Science Foundation of China;   Liuyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2W5GRz7

A Randomized Experiment of Malaria Diagnostic Testing and Conditional Subsidies to Target ACTs in the Retail Sector: the TESTsmART Trial Aim 1

Conditions:   Malaria;   Febrile Illness Interventions:   Other: Conditional ACT subsidy, Arm 1 levels;   Other: Conditional ACT subsidy, Arm 2 levels;   Other: Conditional ACT subsidy, Arm 3 levels;   Other: Conditional ACT subsidy, Arm 4 levels Sponsors:   Duke University;   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   Moi University;   Clinton Health Access Initiative, Nigeria Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2R5dWas

Effects of Vaginal Seeding on Infants' Body Mass Index and Allergy Risk for Caesarean-delivered Children

Conditions:   Overweight and Obesity;   Allergy Intervention:   Procedure: Vaginal seeding Sponsors:   Peking University;   National Natural Science Foundation of China;   Liuyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2W5GRz7

A Randomized Experiment of Malaria Diagnostic Testing and Conditional Subsidies to Target ACTs in the Retail Sector: the TESTsmART Trial Aim 1

Conditions:   Malaria;   Febrile Illness Interventions:   Other: Conditional ACT subsidy, Arm 1 levels;   Other: Conditional ACT subsidy, Arm 2 levels;   Other: Conditional ACT subsidy, Arm 3 levels;   Other: Conditional ACT subsidy, Arm 4 levels Sponsors:   Duke University;   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID);   Moi University;   Clinton Health Access Initiative, Nigeria Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2R5dWas

Oral cavity cancer management guidelines for low‐resource regions

Abstract

Background

The diagnosis and management of oral cavity cancer has been well described in developed countries, however, in regions with fewer medical resources, alternative methods may need to be used. We outline an approach to evaluation and treatment of oral cavity cancer in low‐resource areas.

Methods

Reviews of the Cochrane and Pubmed databases were performed and literature compiled. Expert opinions from the American and African Head and Neck Societies were also provided.

Results

Treatment guidelines for managing oral cavity cancer in low‐resource regions are outlined and the level of supporting evidence is defined.

Discussion

Successful treatment typically involves the use of upfront surgical resection of the primary lesion and any involved or at‐risk cervical lymph node basins, with adjuvant therapy based on the final pathology findings. In situations where services such as adjuvant therapy and/or appropriate reconstruction are not available, alternative approaches to treatment may be needed.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MsoMH2

Oral cavity cancer management guidelines for low‐resource regions

Abstract

Background

The diagnosis and management of oral cavity cancer has been well described in developed countries, however, in regions with fewer medical resources, alternative methods may need to be used. We outline an approach to evaluation and treatment of oral cavity cancer in low‐resource areas.

Methods

Reviews of the Cochrane and Pubmed databases were performed and literature compiled. Expert opinions from the American and African Head and Neck Societies were also provided.

Results

Treatment guidelines for managing oral cavity cancer in low‐resource regions are outlined and the level of supporting evidence is defined.

Discussion

Successful treatment typically involves the use of upfront surgical resection of the primary lesion and any involved or at‐risk cervical lymph node basins, with adjuvant therapy based on the final pathology findings. In situations where services such as adjuvant therapy and/or appropriate reconstruction are not available, alternative approaches to treatment may be needed.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MsoMH2

Effect of antiangiogenic targeted chemotherapy on the osseointegration of titanium implants in rabbits

Patients with cancer have recently been treated with more advanced targeted chemotherapies that have greater specificity towards the cancer cells and fewer side effects. However, the periods of treatment take longer than those of traditional cytotoxic treatments. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of antiangiogenic targeted chemotherapy on the osseointegration of titanium implants. Fourteen white New Zealand rabbits were allocated randomly into two groups of seven: the placebo control group and the Avastin ® group. (Source: The British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TcrEKN

Effect of antiangiogenic targeted chemotherapy on the osseointegration of titanium implants in rabbits

Patients with cancer have recently been treated with more advanced targeted chemotherapies that have greater specificity towards the cancer cells and fewer side effects. However, the periods of treatment take longer than those of traditional cytotoxic treatments. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of antiangiogenic targeted chemotherapy on the osseointegration of titanium implants. Fourteen white New Zealand rabbits were allocated randomly into two groups of seven: the placebo control group and the Avastin ® group. (Source: The British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TcrEKN

Classifying cognitive impairment based on the spatial heterogeneity of cerebral blood flow images

Background

The spatial coefficient of variation (sCoV) of arterial spin‐labeled (ASL) MRI can index cerebral blood flow spatial heterogeneity. This metric reflects delayed blood delivery—seen as a hyperintense ASL signal juxtaposed by hypointense regions.

Purpose

To investigate the use of ASL‐sCoV in the classification of cognitively unimpaired (CU), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) cohorts.

Study Type

Prospective/cohort.

Population

Baseline ASL images from AD neuroimaging initiative dataset in three groups of CU, MCI, and AD (N = 258).

Field Strength/Sequence

Pulsed ASL (PICORE QT2) images were acquired on 3 T Siemens systems (TE/TR = 12/3400 msec, TI1/2 = 700/1900 msec).

Assessment

ASL‐sCoV was calculated in temporal, parietal, occipital, and frontal lobes as well as whole gray matter.

Statistical Tests

The primary analysis used an analysis of covariance to investigate sCoV and cognitive group (CU, MCI, AD) associations. We also evaluated the repeatability of sCoV by calculating within‐subject agreement in a subgroup of CU participants with a repeat ASL. The secondary analyses assessed ventricular volume, amyloid burden, glucose uptake, ASL‐sCoV, and regional CBF as cognitive group classifiers using logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic analyses.

Results

We found that global and temporal lobe sCoV differed between cognitive groups (P = 0.006). Post‐hoc tests showed that temporal lobe sCoV was lower in CU than in MCI (Cohen's d = –0.36) or AD (Cohen's d = –1.36). We found that sCoV was moderately repeatable in CU (intersession intraclass correlation = 0.50; intrasession intraclass correlation = 0.88). Subsequent logistic regression analyses revealed that temporal lobe sCoV and amyloid uptake classified CU vs. MCI (P < 0.01; accuracy = 78%). Temporal lobe sCoV, amyloid, and glucose uptake classified CU vs. AD (P < 0.01; accuracy = 97%); glucose uptake significantly classified MCI vs. AD (P < 0.01; accuracy = 85%).

Data Conclusion

We showed that ASL spatial heterogeneity can be used alongside AD neuroimaging markers to distinguish cognitive groups, in particular, cognitively unimpaired from cognitively impaired individuals.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2sEnD5S

Resonate: Reflections and recommendations on implicit biases within the ISMRM

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MlzHSC