Objectives: Work in normal-hearing (NH) adults suggests that spoken language processing involves coping with ambiguity. Even a clearly spoken word contains brief periods of ambiguity as it unfolds over time, and early portions will not be sufficient to uniquely identify the word. However, beyond this temporary ambiguity, NH listeners must also cope with the loss of information due to reduced forms, dialect, and other factors. A recent study suggests that NH listeners may adapt to increased ambiguity by changing the dynamics of how they commit to candidates at a lexical level. Cochlear implant (CI) users must also frequently deal with highly degraded input, in which there is less information available in the input to recover a target word. The authors asked here whether their frequent experience with this leads to lexical dynamics that are better suited for coping with uncertainty. Design: Listeners heard words either correctly pronounced (dog) or mispronounced at onset (gog) or offset (dob). Listeners selected the corresponding picture from a screen containing pictures of the target and three unrelated items. While they did this, fixations to each object were tracked as a measure of the time course of identifying the target. The authors tested 44 postlingually deafened adult CI users in 2 groups (23 used standard electric only configurations, and 21 supplemented the CI with a hearing aid), along with 28 age-matched age-typical hearing (ATH) controls. Results: All three groups recognized the target word accurately, though each showed a small decrement for mispronounced forms (larger in both types of CI users). Analysis of fixations showed a close time locking to the timing of the mispronunciation. Onset mispronunciations delayed initial fixations to the target, but fixations to the target showed partial recovery by the end of the trial. Offset mispronunciations showed no effect early, but suppressed looking later. This pattern was attested in all three groups, though both types of CI users were slower and did not commit fully to the target. When the authors quantified the degree of disruption (by the mispronounced forms), they found that both groups of CI users showed less disruption than ATH listeners during the first 900 msec of processing. Finally, an individual differences analysis showed that within the CI users, the dynamics of fixations predicted speech perception outcomes over and above accuracy in this task and that CI users with the more rapid fixation patterns of ATH listeners showed better outcomes. Conclusions: Postlingually deafened CI users process speech incrementally (as do ATH listeners), though they commit more slowly and less strongly to a single item than do ATH listeners. This may allow them to cope more flexible with mispronunciations. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and text of this article on the journal's Web site (www.ear-hearing.com). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: The authors thank Hannah Rigler and Claire Goodwin for assistance with data collection and management, Camille Dunn for assistance with participant recruitment, and Bruce Gantz for support of the overall project. This project was funded by NIH Grants DC008089 awarded to B.M. and DC000242 awarded to Bruce Gantz and B.M. B.M. and K.S.A. conceptualized, designed, and implemented the study. B.M., T.P.E., and K.S.A. analyzed the results. B.M. and K.S.A. wrote the manuscript which all three authors extensively discussed and edited. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Address for correspondence: Bob McMurray, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, W314 SSH, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. E-mail: Bob-mcmurray@uiowa.edu Received August 7, 2017; accepted September 10, 2018. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Σάββατο 8 Δεκεμβρίου 2018
Medical Referral Patterns and Etiologies for Children With Mild-to-Severe Hearing Loss
Objectives: To (1) identify the etiologies and risk factors of the patient cohort and determine the degree to which they reflected the incidence for children with hearing loss and (2) quantify practice management patterns in three catchment areas of the United States with available centers of excellence in pediatric hearing loss. Design: Medical information for 307 children with bilateral, mild-to-severe hearing loss was examined retrospectively. Children were participants in the Outcomes of Children with Hearing Loss (OCHL) study, a 5-year longitudinal study that recruited subjects at three different sites. Children aged 6 months to 7 years at time of OCHL enrollment were participants in this study. Children with cochlear implants, children with severe or profound hearing loss, and children with significant cognitive or motor delays were excluded from the OCHL study and, by extension, from this analysis. Medical information was gathered using medical records and participant intake forms, the latter reflecting a caregiver's report. A comparison group included 134 children with normal hearing. A Chi-square test on two-way tables was used to assess for differences in referral patterns by site for the children who are hard of hearing (CHH). Linear regression was performed on gestational age and birth weight as continuous variables. Risk factors were assessed using t tests. The alpha value was set at p
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Development of the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life Item Bank
Objectives: Functional outcomes following cochlear implantation have traditionally been focused on word and sentence recognition, which, although important, do not capture the varied communication and other experiences of adult cochlear implant (CI) users. Although the inadequacies of speech recognition to quantify CI user benefits are widely acknowledged, rarely have adult CI user outcomes been comprehensively assessed beyond these conventional measures. An important limitation in addressing this knowledge gap is that patient-reported outcome measures have not been developed and validated in adult CI patients using rigorous scientific methods. The purpose of the present study is to build on our previous work and create an item bank that can be used to develop new patient-reported outcome measures that assess CI quality of life (QOL) in the adult CI population. Design: An online questionnaire was made available to 500 adult CI users who represented the adult CI population and were recruited through a consortium of 20 CI centers in the United States. The questionnaire included the 101 question CIQOL item pool and additional questions related to demographics, hearing and CI history, and speech recognition scores. In accordance with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, responses were psychometrically analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. Results: Of the 500 questionnaires sent, 371 (74.2%) subjects completed the questionnaire. Subjects represented the full range of age, durations of CI use, speech recognition abilities, and listening modalities of the adult CI population; subjects were implanted with each of the three CI manufacturers' devices. The initial item pool consisted of the following domain constructs: communication, emotional, entertainment, environment, independence, listening effort, and social. Through psychometric analysis, after removing locally dependent and misfitting items, all of the domains were found to have sound psychometric properties, with the exception of the independence domain. This resulted in a final CIQOL item bank of 81 items in 6 domains with good psychometric properties. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that hypothesis-driven quantitative analyses result in a psychometrically sound CIQOL item bank, organized into unique domains comprised of independent items which measure the full ability range of the adult CI population. The final item bank will now be used to develop new instruments that evaluate and differentiate adult CIQOL across the patient ability spectrum. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and text of this article on the journal's Web site (www.ear-hearing.com). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: The Cochlear Implant Quality of Life Development Consortium collaborators consists of the following institutions (and individuals): University of Cincinnati (Ravi N. Samy, MD), University of Colorado (Samuel P. Gubbels, MD), Columbia University (Justin S. Golub, MD MS), House Ear Clinic (Eric P. Wilkinson, MD; Dawna Mills, AuD), Johns Hopkins University (John P. Carey, MD), Kaiser Permanente-Los Angeles (Nopawan Vorasubin, MD), Kaiser Permanente-San Diego (Vickie Brunk, AuD), Mayo University Rochester (Matthew L. Carlson, MD; Collin L. Driscoll, MD; Douglas P. Sladen, PhD), Medical University of South Carolina (Elizabeth L. Camposeo, AuD; Meredith A. Holcomb AuD; Paul R. Lambert, MD; Ted A. Meyer, MD, PhD; Cameron Thomas, BS), Ohio State University (Aaron C. Moberly, MD), Stanford University (Nikolas H. Blevins, MD; Jannine B. Larky, MA), University of Maryland (Ronna P. Herzano, MD, PhD), University of Miami (Michael E. Hoffer, MD; Sandra M. Prentiss, PhD), University of Pennsylvania (Jason Brant, MD), University of Texas Southwestern (Jacob B. Hunter, MD; Brandon Isaacson, MD; J. Walter Kutz, MD), University of Utah (Richard K. Gurgel, MD), Virginia Mason Medical Center (Daniel M. Zeitler, MD), Washington University-Saint Louis (Craig A. Buchman, MD; Jill B. Firszt, PhD); Vanderbilt University (Rene H. Gifford, PhD; David S. Haynes, MD; Robert F. Labadie, MD, PhD). This research was made possible by funding from a K12 award through the South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research (SCTR) Institute, with an academic home at the Medical University of South Carolina, National Institutes of Health/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Grant Number UL1TR001450, a grant from the American Cochlear Implant Alliance, and a grant from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Address for correspondence: Theodore R. McRackan, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, MSC 550, Office No. 1120 Rutledge Tower, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. E-mail: mcrackan@musc.edu. Received April 26, 2018; accepted October 15, 2018. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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How Do You Deal With Uncertainty? Cochlear Implant Users Differ in the Dynamics of Lexical Processing of Noncanonical Inputs
Objectives: Work in normal-hearing (NH) adults suggests that spoken language processing involves coping with ambiguity. Even a clearly spoken word contains brief periods of ambiguity as it unfolds over time, and early portions will not be sufficient to uniquely identify the word. However, beyond this temporary ambiguity, NH listeners must also cope with the loss of information due to reduced forms, dialect, and other factors. A recent study suggests that NH listeners may adapt to increased ambiguity by changing the dynamics of how they commit to candidates at a lexical level. Cochlear implant (CI) users must also frequently deal with highly degraded input, in which there is less information available in the input to recover a target word. The authors asked here whether their frequent experience with this leads to lexical dynamics that are better suited for coping with uncertainty. Design: Listeners heard words either correctly pronounced (dog) or mispronounced at onset (gog) or offset (dob). Listeners selected the corresponding picture from a screen containing pictures of the target and three unrelated items. While they did this, fixations to each object were tracked as a measure of the time course of identifying the target. The authors tested 44 postlingually deafened adult CI users in 2 groups (23 used standard electric only configurations, and 21 supplemented the CI with a hearing aid), along with 28 age-matched age-typical hearing (ATH) controls. Results: All three groups recognized the target word accurately, though each showed a small decrement for mispronounced forms (larger in both types of CI users). Analysis of fixations showed a close time locking to the timing of the mispronunciation. Onset mispronunciations delayed initial fixations to the target, but fixations to the target showed partial recovery by the end of the trial. Offset mispronunciations showed no effect early, but suppressed looking later. This pattern was attested in all three groups, though both types of CI users were slower and did not commit fully to the target. When the authors quantified the degree of disruption (by the mispronounced forms), they found that both groups of CI users showed less disruption than ATH listeners during the first 900 msec of processing. Finally, an individual differences analysis showed that within the CI users, the dynamics of fixations predicted speech perception outcomes over and above accuracy in this task and that CI users with the more rapid fixation patterns of ATH listeners showed better outcomes. Conclusions: Postlingually deafened CI users process speech incrementally (as do ATH listeners), though they commit more slowly and less strongly to a single item than do ATH listeners. This may allow them to cope more flexible with mispronunciations. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and text of this article on the journal's Web site (www.ear-hearing.com). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: The authors thank Hannah Rigler and Claire Goodwin for assistance with data collection and management, Camille Dunn for assistance with participant recruitment, and Bruce Gantz for support of the overall project. This project was funded by NIH Grants DC008089 awarded to B.M. and DC000242 awarded to Bruce Gantz and B.M. B.M. and K.S.A. conceptualized, designed, and implemented the study. B.M., T.P.E., and K.S.A. analyzed the results. B.M. and K.S.A. wrote the manuscript which all three authors extensively discussed and edited. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Address for correspondence: Bob McMurray, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, W314 SSH, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. E-mail: Bob-mcmurray@uiowa.edu Received August 7, 2017; accepted September 10, 2018. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Medical Referral Patterns and Etiologies for Children With Mild-to-Severe Hearing Loss
Objectives: To (1) identify the etiologies and risk factors of the patient cohort and determine the degree to which they reflected the incidence for children with hearing loss and (2) quantify practice management patterns in three catchment areas of the United States with available centers of excellence in pediatric hearing loss. Design: Medical information for 307 children with bilateral, mild-to-severe hearing loss was examined retrospectively. Children were participants in the Outcomes of Children with Hearing Loss (OCHL) study, a 5-year longitudinal study that recruited subjects at three different sites. Children aged 6 months to 7 years at time of OCHL enrollment were participants in this study. Children with cochlear implants, children with severe or profound hearing loss, and children with significant cognitive or motor delays were excluded from the OCHL study and, by extension, from this analysis. Medical information was gathered using medical records and participant intake forms, the latter reflecting a caregiver's report. A comparison group included 134 children with normal hearing. A Chi-square test on two-way tables was used to assess for differences in referral patterns by site for the children who are hard of hearing (CHH). Linear regression was performed on gestational age and birth weight as continuous variables. Risk factors were assessed using t tests. The alpha value was set at p
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The “myth” of iodine allergy to radiocontrast in Emergency Medicine
Iodine, a trace element, is essential in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine is present in varying amounts in many foods such as milk, fish, bread and fruit [1]. (Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine)
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Serious Asthma Events with Mometasone Furoate Plus Formoterol Compared With Mometasone Furoate
This global, randomized, double-blind, 26-week trial in 11,729 patients with persistent asthma demonstrated that mometasone furoate-formoterol does not increase serious asthma outcome risk and reduces asthma exacerbation risk compared with mometasone furoate alone. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Identification of novel allergic diathesis genes: are we closer to novel therapeutic targets?
(Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Identification of novel allergic diathesis genes: are we closer to novel therapeutic targets?
(Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Serious Asthma Events with Mometasone Furoate Plus Formoterol Compared With Mometasone Furoate
This global, randomized, double-blind, 26-week trial in 11,729 patients with persistent asthma demonstrated that mometasone furoate-formoterol does not increase serious asthma outcome risk and reduces asthma exacerbation risk compared with mometasone furoate alone. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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The “myth” of iodine allergy to radiocontrast in Emergency Medicine
Iodine, a trace element, is essential in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine is present in varying amounts in many foods such as milk, fish, bread and fruit [1]. (Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine)
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Mumbai: Timbre in 23-year-old man’s laughter turns out to be cancer in windpipe - Times of India
MUMBAI: It was a mother's instinct that forced 23-year-old Rohan to visit his family doctor late in September in Bhandup. She felt the timbre of his laughter had ...
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Mumbai: Timbre in 23-year-old man’s laughter turns out to be cancer in windpipe - Times of India
MUMBAI: It was a mother's instinct that forced 23-year-old Rohan to visit his family doctor late in September in Bhandup. She felt the timbre of his laughter had ...
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Laminar Growth to be Witnessed by Current Trend Of Head and Neck Cancer Market - Coherent Times
Laminar Growth to be Witnessed by Current Trend Of Head and Neck Cancer Market Coherent Times
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Head and Neck Cancer Market report offers a macroeconomic analysis with top company profiles, market share, product specifications, capacity and current ...
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Top doc, BMC and Mumbai join hands for cancer hospital - Mumbai Mirror
The hospital is now under construction in Mazgaon on a piece of land provided by the BMC. Should be up and running by the end of 2020.
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Laminar Growth to be Witnessed by Current Trend Of Head and Neck Cancer Market - Coherent Times
Laminar Growth to be Witnessed by Current Trend Of Head and Neck Cancer Market Coherent Times
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Head and Neck Cancer Market report offers a macroeconomic analysis with top company profiles, market share, product specifications, capacity and current ...
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Top doc, BMC and Mumbai join hands for cancer hospital - Mumbai Mirror
The hospital is now under construction in Mazgaon on a piece of land provided by the BMC. Should be up and running by the end of 2020.
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Game Preview: Pens-Sens - NHL.com
Game Preview: Pens-Sens NHL.com
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Get all the info you need on the Pens-Sens showdown Saturday night in Ottawa.
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Larotrectinib: Targeting DNA in cancer therapy - EurekAlert
FDA grants accelerated approval for Vitrakvi® (larotrectinib) for the treatment of solid tumors. This is marks the second FDA-approved drug for cancers based on ...
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Rapid Fire Protection did not use toxic foam - Rapid City Journal
Rapid Fire Protection did not use toxic foam Rapid City Journal
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The 2005 test of a fire suppression system at Ellsworth Air Force Base installed by Rapid Fire Protection did not release firefighting foam containing chemicals ...
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Alive & Kicking: Managing Cancer's Side Effects - Curetoday.com
In 2017, Don Stranathan, a nine-year survivor of stage 4 non-small cell adenocarcinoma, thought his luck had finally run out. He had survived radiation, ...
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Rapid Fire Protection did not use toxic foam - Rapid City Journal
Rapid Fire Protection did not use toxic foam Rapid City Journal
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The 2005 test of a fire suppression system at Ellsworth Air Force Base installed by Rapid Fire Protection did not release firefighting foam containing chemicals ...
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Game Preview: Pens-Sens - NHL.com
Game Preview: Pens-Sens NHL.com
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Get all the info you need on the Pens-Sens showdown Saturday night in Ottawa.
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Larotrectinib: Targeting DNA in cancer therapy - EurekAlert
FDA grants accelerated approval for Vitrakvi® (larotrectinib) for the treatment of solid tumors. This is marks the second FDA-approved drug for cancers based on ...
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Alive & Kicking: Managing Cancer's Side Effects - Curetoday.com
In 2017, Don Stranathan, a nine-year survivor of stage 4 non-small cell adenocarcinoma, thought his luck had finally run out. He had survived radiation, ...
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Cochlear implantation in patients with ossified cochleas
ConclusionsHRCT and MRI have comparable value in predicting the occurrence of ossification in cochleas. We recommend fast surgical intervention in the patients with bilateral profound postmeningitic deafness. If possible, bilateral cochlear implantation is recommended. (Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology)
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The Development of American Sign Language-Based Analogical Reasoning in Signing Deaf Children.
Conclusions: ASL is a viable language that supports the development of language-based analogical reasoning abilities in deaf children. PMID: 30521664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR)
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Cochlear implantation in patients with ossified cochleas
ConclusionsHRCT and MRI have comparable value in predicting the occurrence of ossification in cochleas. We recommend fast surgical intervention in the patients with bilateral profound postmeningitic deafness. If possible, bilateral cochlear implantation is recommended. (Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology)
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The Development of American Sign Language-Based Analogical Reasoning in Signing Deaf Children.
Conclusions: ASL is a viable language that supports the development of language-based analogical reasoning abilities in deaf children. PMID: 30521664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR)
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Estimation of the glottal source from coded telephone speech using deep neural networks
Publication date: Available online 8 December 2018Source: Speech CommunicationAuthor(s): NP Narendra, Manu Airaksinen, Brad Story, Paavo AlkuAbstractEstimation of glottal source information can be performed non-invasively from speech by using glottal inverse filtering (GIF) methods. However, the existing GIF methods are sensitive even to slight distortions in speech signals under different realistic scenarios, for example, in coded telephone speech. Therefore, there is a need for robust GIF methods which could accurately estimate glottal flows from coded telephone speech. To address the issue of robust GIF, this paper proposes a new deep neural net-based glottal inverse filtering (DNN-GIF) method for estimation of glottal source from coded telephone speech. The proposed DNN-GIF method util...
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Categorial shift: from description to theory and back again
Publication date: Available online 7 December 2018Source: Language SciencesAuthor(s): Liesbet Heyvaert, Stefan Hartmann, Hubert Cuyckens (Source: Language Sciences)
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Subjecthood and linear order in linguistic encoding: Evidence from the real-time production of wh-questions in English and Mandarin Chinese
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 105Author(s): Monica L. Do, Elsi KaiserAbstractWe use visual world eye-tracking to provide a first look into the real-time production of an under-researched but communicatively crucial construction – wh-questions. We investigate whether the transition from abstract message to highly-structured utterances (linguistic encoding) is driven by linear order (positional processing) or subjecthood assignment (functional processing). Experiment 1 decouples positional and functional processes by comparing production of English declaratives versus object wh-questions ('Which nurses did the maids tickle?'). Experiment 2 compares the production of declaratives versus object wh-questions in Mandarin Chinese to investigate p...
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The Development of American Sign Language-Based Analogical Reasoning in Signing Deaf Children.
Conclusions: ASL is a viable language that supports the development of language-based analogical reasoning abilities in deaf children. PMID: 30521664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR)
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Identifiers of Language Impairment for Spanish-English Dual Language Learners.
Conclusion: The Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment Morphosyntax and Semantics subtests were shown to comprise an effective measure for identifying LI; however, including a language sample is suggested to identify LI with greater accuracy. PMID: 30521665 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools)
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Application of the Communication Complexity Scale in Peer and Adult Assessment Contexts for Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Conclusions: Results showed that the CCS was sensitive to change over time but did not discriminate changes in communication complexity associated with maturation versus treatment. It did show some differences based on interactions with peer versus adult partners. Outcomes provide preliminary support for using this scale to measure communication changes in different contexts. Supplemental Material: https://ift.tt/2SzXdNB. PMID: 30521663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology)
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Subjecthood and linear order in linguistic encoding: Evidence from the real-time production of wh-questions in English and Mandarin Chinese
Publication date: April 2019Source: Journal of Memory and Language, Volume 105Author(s): Monica L. Do, Elsi KaiserAbstractWe use visual world eye-tracking to provide a first look into the real-time production of an under-researched but communicatively crucial construction – wh-questions. We investigate whether the transition from abstract message to highly-structured utterances (linguistic encoding) is driven by linear order (positional processing) or subjecthood assignment (functional processing). Experiment 1 decouples positional and functional processes by comparing production of English declaratives versus object wh-questions ('Which nurses did the maids tickle?'). Experiment 2 compares the production of declaratives versus object wh-questions in Mandarin Chinese to investigate p...
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The Development of American Sign Language-Based Analogical Reasoning in Signing Deaf Children.
Conclusions: ASL is a viable language that supports the development of language-based analogical reasoning abilities in deaf children. PMID: 30521664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR)
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Application of the Communication Complexity Scale in Peer and Adult Assessment Contexts for Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Conclusions: Results showed that the CCS was sensitive to change over time but did not discriminate changes in communication complexity associated with maturation versus treatment. It did show some differences based on interactions with peer versus adult partners. Outcomes provide preliminary support for using this scale to measure communication changes in different contexts. Supplemental Material: https://ift.tt/2SzXdNB. PMID: 30521663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology)
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Estimation of the glottal source from coded telephone speech using deep neural networks
Publication date: Available online 8 December 2018Source: Speech CommunicationAuthor(s): NP Narendra, Manu Airaksinen, Brad Story, Paavo AlkuAbstractEstimation of glottal source information can be performed non-invasively from speech by using glottal inverse filtering (GIF) methods. However, the existing GIF methods are sensitive even to slight distortions in speech signals under different realistic scenarios, for example, in coded telephone speech. Therefore, there is a need for robust GIF methods which could accurately estimate glottal flows from coded telephone speech. To address the issue of robust GIF, this paper proposes a new deep neural net-based glottal inverse filtering (DNN-GIF) method for estimation of glottal source from coded telephone speech. The proposed DNN-GIF method util...
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Categorial shift: from description to theory and back again
Publication date: Available online 7 December 2018Source: Language SciencesAuthor(s): Liesbet Heyvaert, Stefan Hartmann, Hubert Cuyckens (Source: Language Sciences)
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Identifiers of Language Impairment for Spanish-English Dual Language Learners.
Conclusion: The Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment Morphosyntax and Semantics subtests were shown to comprise an effective measure for identifying LI; however, including a language sample is suggested to identify LI with greater accuracy. PMID: 30521665 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools)
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Merck KGaA (FRA:MRK) PT Set at €100.00 by Commerzbank - Fairfield Current
Commerzbank set a €100.00 ($116.28) target price on Merck KGaA (FRA:MRK) in a research report released on Wednesday, November 14th. The firm currently ...
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Merck KGaA (FRA:MRK) PT Set at €100.00 by Commerzbank - Fairfield Current
Commerzbank set a €100.00 ($116.28) target price on Merck KGaA (FRA:MRK) in a research report released on Wednesday, November 14th. The firm currently ...
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The Development of American Sign Language-Based Analogical Reasoning in Signing Deaf Children.
Conclusions: ASL is a viable language that supports the development of language-based analogical reasoning abilities in deaf children. PMID: 30521664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR)
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The Development of American Sign Language-Based Analogical Reasoning in Signing Deaf Children.
Conclusions: ASL is a viable language that supports the development of language-based analogical reasoning abilities in deaf children. PMID: 30521664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR)
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John Fordham launches wine label to raise money for head, neck cancer - NEWS.com.au
John Fordham launches wine label to raise money for head, neck cancer NEWS.com.au
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CELEBRITY agent John Fordham fought and beat neck cancer — and now he is using his extensive contacts to raise awareness and funds to fight the deadly ...
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John Fordham launches wine label to raise money for head, neck cancer - NEWS.com.au
John Fordham launches wine label to raise money for head, neck cancer NEWS.com.au
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CELEBRITY agent John Fordham fought and beat neck cancer — and now he is using his extensive contacts to raise awareness and funds to fight the deadly ...
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Could DIY blood tests free you from the GP? - Daily Mail
Over the past five years, the array of do-it-yourself health tests has mushroomed, promising to aid diagnosis of everything from vitamin deficiencies to heart ...
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Serious Asthma Events with Mometasone Furoate Plus Formoterol Compared With Mometasone Furoate
This global, randomized, double-blind, 26-week trial in 11,729 patients with persistent asthma demonstrated that mometasone furoate-formoterol does not increase serious asthma outcome risk and reduces asthma exacerbation risk compared with mometasone furoate alone.
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Identification of novel allergic diathesis genes: are we closer to novel therapeutic targets?
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No one solution to PFAS - Grand Haven Tribune
No one solution to PFAS Grand Haven Tribune
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Efforts are ongoing across Michigan to clean up PFAS contamination in water systems, and scientists are gaining steam on new cleanup strategies.
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Exelixis (NASDAQ:EXEL) Rating Increased to Sell at ValuEngine - Fairfield Current
ValuEngine upgraded shares of Exelixis (NASDAQ:EXEL) from a strong sell rating to a sell rating in a research report report published on Saturday, December ...
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Head to Head Contrast: International Isotopes (INIS) and Rudolph Technologies (RTEC) - Fairfield Current
Rudolph Technologies (NYSE:RTEC) and International Isotopes (OTCMKTS:INIS) are both small-cap computer and technology companies, but which is the ...
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Cover Image
The cover image is based on the Original Article Detection of high‐grade dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma in the upper aerodigestive tract: Recommendations for optimal use and interpretation of narrow‐band imaging, by Manon A. Zwakenberg et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13229.
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Serious Asthma Events with Mometasone Furoate Plus Formoterol Compared With Mometasone Furoate
This global, randomized, double-blind, 26-week trial in 11,729 patients with persistent asthma demonstrated that mometasone furoate-formoterol does not increase serious asthma outcome risk and reduces asthma exacerbation risk compared with mometasone furoate alone.
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Identification of novel allergic diathesis genes: are we closer to novel therapeutic targets?
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Cover Image
The cover image is based on the Original Article Detection of high‐grade dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and squamous cell carcinoma in the upper aerodigestive tract: Recommendations for optimal use and interpretation of narrow‐band imaging, by Manon A. Zwakenberg et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13229.
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Could DIY blood tests free you from the GP? - Daily Mail
Over the past five years, the array of do-it-yourself health tests has mushroomed, promising to aid diagnosis of everything from vitamin deficiencies to heart ...
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Issue Information
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Exelixis (NASDAQ:EXEL) Rating Increased to Sell at ValuEngine - Fairfield Current
ValuEngine upgraded shares of Exelixis (NASDAQ:EXEL) from a strong sell rating to a sell rating in a research report report published on Saturday, December ...
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Head to Head Contrast: International Isotopes (INIS) and Rudolph Technologies (RTEC) - Fairfield Current
Rudolph Technologies (NYSE:RTEC) and International Isotopes (OTCMKTS:INIS) are both small-cap computer and technology companies, but which is the ...
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Nasal function and CPAP compliance
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the mainstay therapy for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) however compliance with CPAP is variable. Nasal ailments, such as nasal congestion are frequently mentioned as a cause for CPAP non-compliance, and potentially could be addressed prior to CPAP initiation, however, no specific criteria or recommendations for the evaluation and management of these patients exist. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the effects of nasal anatomic features and disease on adherence to CPAP therapy for patients with OSA and determine the indications for pre-CPAP nasal treatment by using data obtained at clinical examination.
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Nasal function and CPAP compliance
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the mainstay therapy for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) however compliance with CPAP is variable. Nasal ailments, such as nasal congestion are frequently mentioned as a cause for CPAP non-compliance, and potentially could be addressed prior to CPAP initiation, however, no specific criteria or recommendations for the evaluation and management of these patients exist. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the effects of nasal anatomic features and disease on adherence to CPAP therapy for patients with OSA and determine the indications for pre-CPAP nasal treatment by using data obtained at clinical examination.
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Local injection of RANKL facilitates tooth movement and alveolar bone remodeling
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effect of local injection of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) on experimental tooth movement and subsequent alveolar bone remodeling in mice.
Materials and Methods
Sixty mice were randomised to receive daily local RANKL or phosphate‐buffered saline injections in the buccal premaxillary bone for 14 of 21 days of incisor movement, followed by a 21‐day retention period. Five mice from each group were euthanised on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 42, and specimens were prepared for haematoxylin and eosin, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, and immunohistochemical staining. Five mice from each group were subjected to serial micro‐computed tomography until day 42 for tooth movement and bone volume quantification.
Results
The experimental group showed significantly greater tooth movement and bone volume reduction on days 14 and 21; an increased osteoclast number on days 3, 7, 14, and 21; and no difference on day 42, Higher RANKL expression was observed on days 7 and 14, with remarkable alkaline phosphatase activity. No significant systemic changes were observed.
Conclusion
Local RANKL injection leads to increased osteoclastic activity and facilitates tooth movement, followed by subsequent alveolar bone formation; this implies a reversible transitional acceleration of bone resorption.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Developmental defects of enamel in the deciduous incisors of infants born preterm: prospective cohort
Abstract
Objective
Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in preterm infants still require clarification and may favour dental caries, lower food intake, and greater difficulty with weight‐height gain. We evaluated factors associated with DDE in preterm infants.
Subjects and Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we monitored 54 prematurely born infants from birth to 24 months of age. Trained and calibrated dentists examined the oral cavity of these children to identify and categorize DDE. Information on perinatal variables was collected from the infants' medical records and interviews with their mothers. The data were analysed using Student's t test, a chi‐squared test, and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient.
Results
A total of 46.3% of the 54 children presented DDE, which was observed more frequently in the left hemiarch in children born extremely (<28 weeks of gestation) or very preterm (28 to <32 weeks) (RR=2.2; 95% CI 1.3‐3.6), with very low birth weight (<1500 g) (RR=2.0; 95% CI 1.1‐3.5), who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (RR=1.3; 95% CI 1.0‐1.7), and who were intubated (RR=1.6; 95% CI 1.1‐2.2).
Conclusions
The high incidence of incisor enamel defects, particularly on the left side, was related to higher risk prematurity and to local trauma from intubation.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Developmental defects of enamel in the deciduous incisors of infants born preterm: prospective cohort
Abstract
Objective
Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in preterm infants still require clarification and may favour dental caries, lower food intake, and greater difficulty with weight‐height gain. We evaluated factors associated with DDE in preterm infants.
Subjects and Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we monitored 54 prematurely born infants from birth to 24 months of age. Trained and calibrated dentists examined the oral cavity of these children to identify and categorize DDE. Information on perinatal variables was collected from the infants' medical records and interviews with their mothers. The data were analysed using Student's t test, a chi‐squared test, and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient.
Results
A total of 46.3% of the 54 children presented DDE, which was observed more frequently in the left hemiarch in children born extremely (<28 weeks of gestation) or very preterm (28 to <32 weeks) (RR=2.2; 95% CI 1.3‐3.6), with very low birth weight (<1500 g) (RR=2.0; 95% CI 1.1‐3.5), who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (RR=1.3; 95% CI 1.0‐1.7), and who were intubated (RR=1.6; 95% CI 1.1‐2.2).
Conclusions
The high incidence of incisor enamel defects, particularly on the left side, was related to higher risk prematurity and to local trauma from intubation.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Local injection of RANKL facilitates tooth movement and alveolar bone remodeling
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effect of local injection of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) on experimental tooth movement and subsequent alveolar bone remodeling in mice.
Materials and Methods
Sixty mice were randomised to receive daily local RANKL or phosphate‐buffered saline injections in the buccal premaxillary bone for 14 of 21 days of incisor movement, followed by a 21‐day retention period. Five mice from each group were euthanised on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 42, and specimens were prepared for haematoxylin and eosin, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, and immunohistochemical staining. Five mice from each group were subjected to serial micro‐computed tomography until day 42 for tooth movement and bone volume quantification.
Results
The experimental group showed significantly greater tooth movement and bone volume reduction on days 14 and 21; an increased osteoclast number on days 3, 7, 14, and 21; and no difference on day 42, Higher RANKL expression was observed on days 7 and 14, with remarkable alkaline phosphatase activity. No significant systemic changes were observed.
Conclusion
Local RANKL injection leads to increased osteoclastic activity and facilitates tooth movement, followed by subsequent alveolar bone formation; this implies a reversible transitional acceleration of bone resorption.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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MD Anderson Launches Phase 2 HPV Vaccine Study - PrecisionVaccinations
MD Anderson Launches Phase 2 HPV Vaccine Study PrecisionVaccinations
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Inovio Pharmaceuticals announced the first patient dosing in a Phase 2 combination study targeting a broad array of cancers associated with the human ...
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New research highlights why HIV-infected patients suffer higher rates of cancer - EurekAlert
New research highlights why HIV-infected patients suffer higher rates of cancer EurekAlert
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AIDS patients suffer higher rates of cancer because they have fewer T-cells in their bodies to fight disease. But new research examines why HIV-infected ...
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MD Anderson Launches Phase 2 HPV Vaccine Study - PrecisionVaccinations
MD Anderson Launches Phase 2 HPV Vaccine Study PrecisionVaccinations
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Inovio Pharmaceuticals announced the first patient dosing in a Phase 2 combination study targeting a broad array of cancers associated with the human ...
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New research highlights why HIV-infected patients suffer higher rates of cancer - EurekAlert
New research highlights why HIV-infected patients suffer higher rates of cancer EurekAlert
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AIDS patients suffer higher rates of cancer because they have fewer T-cells in their bodies to fight disease. But new research examines why HIV-infected ...
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Microscopic Thyroidectomy: A Prudent Option
AbstractMicroscopic Thyroidectomy is not a new surgical technique but it is not explored much. The routine use of microscope in thyroid surgery can reduce the rate of nerve palsy and hypocalcemia. Nine cases were done exclusively with the microscope only and postoperative nerve palsy and hypocalcemia were noted. We have also discussed about optimum working distances and magnification for critical structures during thyroid surgery. No patient has any nerve palsy while one patient reported transient hypocalcemia. Recurrent laryngeal nerve could be identified at 2 × but optimal magnification for dissection of nerve should be 4 ×. We find this technique easy to adopt and critical structures can be identified and preserved easily with microscopic thyroidectomy then conventional and loupe...
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Extra Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma from Lateral Nasal Wall: A Rare Case Report
AbstractA 25-year-old male presented with left sided nasal obstruction and epistaxis. To study about a rare case of extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Endoscopic evaluation revealed a polypoid mass in the vestibule arising from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity anteroinferior to the left inferior turbinate. Computed tomography scan showed a soft tissue opacity in the vestibule of the left nasal cavity. After the endoscopic excision of the mass, postoperative and histopathological analyses confirmed the diagnosis of an angiofibroma. (Source: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery)
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A Rare Case of Primary Tuberculous Otitis Media with Bezold ’s Abscess
We report a case of Primary Tuberculous Otitis Media who presented with Bezold 's Abscess. Patient underwent Mastoidectomy. Diagnosis was made with the Histopathological examination of the suspicious extensive pale granulation tissue. Patient was started on ATT immediately. Greater awareness regarding the disease is needed to make an early diagnosis. Late diagnosis increases the risk of complications. Anti Tubercular Therapy is the treatment of choice. Surgical intervention may be added to drug therapy. In cases with complications, radical surgery will be needed. Bezold's abscess is a rare complication of Otitis Media. CT imaging should be considered in suspected nec k abscess patients with history of ear discharge to rule out aural cause of abscess. (Source: Indian Journal of Otolaryn...
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False Identity: Lymphoid Hyperplasia Imitating a Large Paraganglioma
AbstractThe danger of the parapharyngeal space mass comes from the small space and vital neighboring structures. Its differential diagnosis is broad, however benign lymphoid hyperplasia in this region has not been previously reported. The clinical presentation, imaging, surgical findings and pathology slides were reviewed in an adult patient with a parapharyngeal space mass. The literature on somatostatin-positive parapharyngeal space lesions was reviewed. A 51-year old male with otalgia for 3 months, hearing loss, and tinnitus underwent audiogram, revealing asymmetric hearing loss. Laryngoscopy demonstrated a paretic true vocal cord. Subsequent MRI demonstrated 4.5 cm post-styloid parapharyngeal space mass displacing the carotid artery anterolaterally. Octreoscan scan showed significa ...
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Laryngeal Leiomyosarcoma: A Rare Case
AbstractLaryngeal leiomyosarcoma is a rare smooth muscle malignancy of the head and neck region. Diagnosis is based on immunohistochemistry. Here we present a case of laryngeal leiomyosarcoma that was diagnosed and treated in our center, focusing on the clinical features, histological diagnosis and management of this rare disease. (Source: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery)
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Microscopic Thyroidectomy: A Prudent Option
AbstractMicroscopic Thyroidectomy is not a new surgical technique but it is not explored much. The routine use of microscope in thyroid surgery can reduce the rate of nerve palsy and hypocalcemia. Nine cases were done exclusively with the microscope only and postoperative nerve palsy and hypocalcemia were noted. We have also discussed about optimum working distances and magnification for critical structures during thyroid surgery. No patient has any nerve palsy while one patient reported transient hypocalcemia. Recurrent laryngeal nerve could be identified at 2 × but optimal magnification for dissection of nerve should be 4 ×. We find this technique easy to adopt and critical structures can be identified and preserved easily with microscopic thyroidectomy then conventional and loupe...
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False Identity: Lymphoid Hyperplasia Imitating a Large Paraganglioma
AbstractThe danger of the parapharyngeal space mass comes from the small space and vital neighboring structures. Its differential diagnosis is broad, however benign lymphoid hyperplasia in this region has not been previously reported. The clinical presentation, imaging, surgical findings and pathology slides were reviewed in an adult patient with a parapharyngeal space mass. The literature on somatostatin-positive parapharyngeal space lesions was reviewed. A 51-year old male with otalgia for 3 months, hearing loss, and tinnitus underwent audiogram, revealing asymmetric hearing loss. Laryngoscopy demonstrated a paretic true vocal cord. Subsequent MRI demonstrated 4.5 cm post-styloid parapharyngeal space mass displacing the carotid artery anterolaterally. Octreoscan scan showed significa ...
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A Rare Case of Primary Tuberculous Otitis Media with Bezold ’s Abscess
We report a case of Primary Tuberculous Otitis Media who presented with Bezold 's Abscess. Patient underwent Mastoidectomy. Diagnosis was made with the Histopathological examination of the suspicious extensive pale granulation tissue. Patient was started on ATT immediately. Greater awareness regarding the disease is needed to make an early diagnosis. Late diagnosis increases the risk of complications. Anti Tubercular Therapy is the treatment of choice. Surgical intervention may be added to drug therapy. In cases with complications, radical surgery will be needed. Bezold's abscess is a rare complication of Otitis Media. CT imaging should be considered in suspected nec k abscess patients with history of ear discharge to rule out aural cause of abscess. (Source: Indian Journal of Otolaryn...
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Extra Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma from Lateral Nasal Wall: A Rare Case Report
AbstractA 25-year-old male presented with left sided nasal obstruction and epistaxis. To study about a rare case of extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Endoscopic evaluation revealed a polypoid mass in the vestibule arising from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity anteroinferior to the left inferior turbinate. Computed tomography scan showed a soft tissue opacity in the vestibule of the left nasal cavity. After the endoscopic excision of the mass, postoperative and histopathological analyses confirmed the diagnosis of an angiofibroma. (Source: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery)
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Laryngeal Leiomyosarcoma: A Rare Case
AbstractLaryngeal leiomyosarcoma is a rare smooth muscle malignancy of the head and neck region. Diagnosis is based on immunohistochemistry. Here we present a case of laryngeal leiomyosarcoma that was diagnosed and treated in our center, focusing on the clinical features, histological diagnosis and management of this rare disease. (Source: Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery)
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Velopharyngeal insufficiency after maxillary advancement in patients with cleft palate − a survey of risk assessment in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Patients with cleft lip and palate may require orthognathic surgery to correct severe impairments in midfacial growth. Maxillary advancement in this group, however, is linked to deterioration in velopharyngeal function (VPF), and it is not clear how cleft teams assess this risk. We therefore surveyed surgeons from 15 cleft units who provide orthognathic treatment, to gain an understanding of current practice in the UK and Ireland. A total of 16/21 surgeons from 14/15 units responded. While 14/16 surgeons agreed that these patients are at risk of a deterioration in VPF after maxillary advancement, two disagreed.
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Velopharyngeal insufficiency after maxillary advancement in patients with cleft palate − a survey of risk assessment in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Patients with cleft lip and palate may require orthognathic surgery to correct severe impairments in midfacial growth. Maxillary advancement in this group, however, is linked to deterioration in velopharyngeal function (VPF), and it is not clear how cleft teams assess this risk. We therefore surveyed surgeons from 15 cleft units who provide orthognathic treatment, to gain an understanding of current practice in the UK and Ireland. A total of 16/21 surgeons from 14/15 units responded. While 14/16 surgeons agreed that these patients are at risk of a deterioration in VPF after maxillary advancement, two disagreed.
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Full‐arch implant supported rehabilitations: A prospective study comparing porcelain‐veneered zirconia frameworks to monolithic zirconia
Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the performance of two types of zirconia frameworks.
Material and Methods
From 2014 to 2016, in a prospective clinical trial 150 patients were rehabilitated with 83 and 110 implant‐supported, screw‐retained, full‐arch ceramic‐veneered zirconia (PVZ) rehabilitations and monolithic zirconia with porcelain veneering limited to buccal (MZ) rehabilitations, respectively. Patients were consecutively enlisted according to pre‐defined inclusion criteria and evaluated on 4 months intervals. A Kaplan Meier estimator was adopted, and the log‐rank test and Wilcoxon test used to test differences in survival and successful function in the two different groups.
Results
The average follow up time (+/‐ SD) and implant success rate was 608.80 ± 172.52 days with 99.53% implant success for the PVZ group and 552.63 ± 197.57 days with 99.83% success for the MZ group. According to the Kaplan Meier estimator, the mean cumulative survival rate at the 2 year follow up for framework fracture, major chipping, minor chipping, or any of the former combined to occur was 0.99, 0.95, 0.93 and 0.85 for the PVZ group (n=18) and 0.99, 0.95, 0.95 and 0.89 for the MZ group (n=15). No significant differences were found between the two groups.
Conclusions
Results suggest zirconia as a suitable material for frameworks in full‐arch implant‐supported rehabilitations. Both groups presented a low incidence of technical complications. When comparing the two different designs the MZ group presented a lower technical complication rate, thus presenting itself as a viable alternative for full arch implant‐supported rehabilitations. Further clinical studies with longer follow‐ups (5 years) should be performed to evaluate the long‐term stability of such rehabilitations.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Surface modification of ultrafine‐grained titanium: influence on mechanical properties, cytocompatibility and osseointegration potential
Abstract
Objective
The main objective of this study was to demonstrate that dental implants made from ultrafine‐grain titanium (UFG‐Ti) can be created that replicate state of the art surfaces of standard coarse‐grain titanium (Ti), showing excellent cytocompatibility and osseointegration potential while also providing improved mechanical properties.
Material and methods
UFG‐Ti was prepared by continuous equal channel angular processing (ECAP) and surfaces were treated by sand‐blasting and acid‐etching. Mechanical properties (tensile and fatigue strength), wettability and roughness parameters were evaluated. Human trabecular bone‐derived osteoblast precursor cells (HBCs) were cultured on all samples to examine cytocompatibility and mineralization after 4 and 28 days, respectively. Biomechanical pull‐out measurements were performed in a rabbit in vivo model 4 weeks after implantation.
Results
Both yield and tensile strength as well as fatigue endurance were higher for UFG‐Ti compared to Ti by 40%, 45% and 34%, respectively. Fatigue endurance was slightly reduced following surface treatment. Existing surface treatment protocols could be applied to UFG‐Ti and resulted in similar roughness and wettability as for standard Ti. Cell attachment and spreading was comparable on all samples, but mineralization was higher for the surfaces with hydrophilic treatment with no significant difference between UFG‐Ti and Ti. Pull‐out tests revealed that osseointegration of surface treated UFG‐Ti was found to be similar to that of surface treated Ti.
Conclusion
It could be demonstrated that existing surface treatments for Ti can be translated to UFG‐Ti and furthermore, that dental implants made from surface‐treated UFG‐Ti exhibit superior mechanical properties while maintaining cytocompatibility and osseointegration potential.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Belfast mother-of-three Gillian Killiner: My body was destroying my thyroid... it was a battle - Belfast Telegraph
Belfast mother-of-three Gillian Killiner: My body was destroying my thyroid... it was a battle Belfast Telegraph
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Married mother-of-three Gillian Killiner, from east Belfast, was diagnosed with hypothyroidism six years ago, due to an auto-immune disorder called Hashimoto's ...
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Mechanical Behavior of Posterior All‐Ceramic Hybrid‐Abutment‐Crowns Versus Hybrid‐Abutments with Separate Crowns – A Laboratory Study
Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this laboratory study was to evaluate the fatigue resistance, fracture resistance and mode of failure of posterior hybrid‐abutment‐crown versus hybrid‐abutment with separate crown, both bonded to short titanium bases.
Materials and Methods
Thirty‐two titanium implants were embedded perpendicularly in auto‐polymerizing resin. Implant‐supported restorations simulating a maxillary first premolar were designed and milled using a CAD/CAM system and divided into 2 groups according to material (n=16): zirconia (Z) and lithium disilicate (L). Each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups according to design (n=8): hybrid‐abutment‐crown (ZS, LS) and hybrid‐abutment with separate crown (ZC, LC). Each group was subjected to 1.2 million cycles of thermo‐mechanical fatigue loading in a dual‐axis chewing simulator at 120 N load. Surviving specimens were subjected to quasi‐static loading in a universal testing machine. Mode of failure was determined under a low magnification optical microscope.
Results
During chewing simulation, 18.8% of zirconia and 43.8% of lithium disilicate restorations failed. The fracture resistance median values ranged from 3730 N for group ZC, 3400 N for group ZS, 1295 N for group LS to 849 N for group LC. Group ZC had a statistically significant higher fracture resistance than groups LC and LS, however it did not differ significantly from group ZS (P ≤ 0.05). Failures were seen in both titanium bases and ceramic superstructure.
Conclusions
Zirconia and lithium disilicate hybrid implant‐supported restorations with short (3 mm) titanium bases failed in a considerable number already during chewing simulation. Therefore, despite their high fracture strength the use in the posterior region should be considered critically.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Perth Children’s Hospital helps Manjimup girl Ruby Brown find her voice after cancer - PerthNow
THE scars on Ruby Brown's neck provide only a hint of the cancer that robbed her of her voice. The once chatty Manjimup girl now speaks with a low, husky ...
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Perceptions and experiences of patients following treatment with single‐implant mandibular overdentures: a qualitative study
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to explore the perceptions and long‐term experiences of edentulous patients rehabilitated with single‐implant mandibular overdentures (SIMO).
Methods
Thirteen participants, mean age 65.7 years, 69.2% women, who had had their treatment completed for at least 1 year, were invited and included in the study. Focus groups including four to five participants each, were conducted, audio and video recorded and transcribed verbatim. Subsequently, the transcripts were analysed according to the principles of thematic analysis.
Results
Four major themes emerged: before decision to undergo treatment with SIMO, implant surgery experience, perception of treatment outcomes, and impressions about the care received. Lack of information, cost, comorbidities, older age and fear were initial barriers to the decision for treatment. Dissatisfaction with previous treatment and a sense of opportunity motivated the decision. There were ambivalent reports of absence of pain during surgery and discomfort during anaesthesia. Post‐surgical recovery exceeded the pre‐surgical negative expectations in most cases. There was a tendency for a positive impact of SIMO on the patients' quality of life, comprising improved ability to chew and communicate, dietary diversification, greater comfort and safety, increased self‐confidence and social interaction. Few minor inconveniences were reported: insecurity after an episode of denture fracture, and the need to use adhesive paste. Satisfaction with the care received and the trust in the dentist and dental team were evident.
Conclusion
In general, participants presented positive perceptions and rewarding experiences after rehabilitation with SIMO.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Perceptions and experiences of patients following treatment with single‐implant mandibular overdentures: a qualitative study
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to explore the perceptions and long‐term experiences of edentulous patients rehabilitated with single‐implant mandibular overdentures (SIMO).
Methods
Thirteen participants, mean age 65.7 years, 69.2% women, who had had their treatment completed for at least 1 year, were invited and included in the study. Focus groups including four to five participants each, were conducted, audio and video recorded and transcribed verbatim. Subsequently, the transcripts were analysed according to the principles of thematic analysis.
Results
Four major themes emerged: before decision to undergo treatment with SIMO, implant surgery experience, perception of treatment outcomes, and impressions about the care received. Lack of information, cost, comorbidities, older age and fear were initial barriers to the decision for treatment. Dissatisfaction with previous treatment and a sense of opportunity motivated the decision. There were ambivalent reports of absence of pain during surgery and discomfort during anaesthesia. Post‐surgical recovery exceeded the pre‐surgical negative expectations in most cases. There was a tendency for a positive impact of SIMO on the patients' quality of life, comprising improved ability to chew and communicate, dietary diversification, greater comfort and safety, increased self‐confidence and social interaction. Few minor inconveniences were reported: insecurity after an episode of denture fracture, and the need to use adhesive paste. Satisfaction with the care received and the trust in the dentist and dental team were evident.
Conclusion
In general, participants presented positive perceptions and rewarding experiences after rehabilitation with SIMO.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Mechanical Behavior of Posterior All‐Ceramic Hybrid‐Abutment‐Crowns Versus Hybrid‐Abutments with Separate Crowns – A Laboratory Study
Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this laboratory study was to evaluate the fatigue resistance, fracture resistance and mode of failure of posterior hybrid‐abutment‐crown versus hybrid‐abutment with separate crown, both bonded to short titanium bases.
Materials and Methods
Thirty‐two titanium implants were embedded perpendicularly in auto‐polymerizing resin. Implant‐supported restorations simulating a maxillary first premolar were designed and milled using a CAD/CAM system and divided into 2 groups according to material (n=16): zirconia (Z) and lithium disilicate (L). Each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups according to design (n=8): hybrid‐abutment‐crown (ZS, LS) and hybrid‐abutment with separate crown (ZC, LC). Each group was subjected to 1.2 million cycles of thermo‐mechanical fatigue loading in a dual‐axis chewing simulator at 120 N load. Surviving specimens were subjected to quasi‐static loading in a universal testing machine. Mode of failure was determined under a low magnification optical microscope.
Results
During chewing simulation, 18.8% of zirconia and 43.8% of lithium disilicate restorations failed. The fracture resistance median values ranged from 3730 N for group ZC, 3400 N for group ZS, 1295 N for group LS to 849 N for group LC. Group ZC had a statistically significant higher fracture resistance than groups LC and LS, however it did not differ significantly from group ZS (P ≤ 0.05). Failures were seen in both titanium bases and ceramic superstructure.
Conclusions
Zirconia and lithium disilicate hybrid implant‐supported restorations with short (3 mm) titanium bases failed in a considerable number already during chewing simulation. Therefore, despite their high fracture strength the use in the posterior region should be considered critically.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Full‐arch implant supported rehabilitations: A prospective study comparing porcelain‐veneered zirconia frameworks to monolithic zirconia
Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the performance of two types of zirconia frameworks.
Material and Methods
From 2014 to 2016, in a prospective clinical trial 150 patients were rehabilitated with 83 and 110 implant‐supported, screw‐retained, full‐arch ceramic‐veneered zirconia (PVZ) rehabilitations and monolithic zirconia with porcelain veneering limited to buccal (MZ) rehabilitations, respectively. Patients were consecutively enlisted according to pre‐defined inclusion criteria and evaluated on 4 months intervals. A Kaplan Meier estimator was adopted, and the log‐rank test and Wilcoxon test used to test differences in survival and successful function in the two different groups.
Results
The average follow up time (+/‐ SD) and implant success rate was 608.80 ± 172.52 days with 99.53% implant success for the PVZ group and 552.63 ± 197.57 days with 99.83% success for the MZ group. According to the Kaplan Meier estimator, the mean cumulative survival rate at the 2 year follow up for framework fracture, major chipping, minor chipping, or any of the former combined to occur was 0.99, 0.95, 0.93 and 0.85 for the PVZ group (n=18) and 0.99, 0.95, 0.95 and 0.89 for the MZ group (n=15). No significant differences were found between the two groups.
Conclusions
Results suggest zirconia as a suitable material for frameworks in full‐arch implant‐supported rehabilitations. Both groups presented a low incidence of technical complications. When comparing the two different designs the MZ group presented a lower technical complication rate, thus presenting itself as a viable alternative for full arch implant‐supported rehabilitations. Further clinical studies with longer follow‐ups (5 years) should be performed to evaluate the long‐term stability of such rehabilitations.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Perth Children’s Hospital helps Manjimup girl Ruby Brown find her voice after cancer - PerthNow
THE scars on Ruby Brown's neck provide only a hint of the cancer that robbed her of her voice. The once chatty Manjimup girl now speaks with a low, husky ...
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Belfast mother-of-three Gillian Killiner: My body was destroying my thyroid... it was a battle - Belfast Telegraph
Belfast mother-of-three Gillian Killiner: My body was destroying my thyroid... it was a battle Belfast Telegraph
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Married mother-of-three Gillian Killiner, from east Belfast, was diagnosed with hypothyroidism six years ago, due to an auto-immune disorder called Hashimoto's ...
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Surface modification of ultrafine‐grained titanium: influence on mechanical properties, cytocompatibility and osseointegration potential
Abstract
Objective
The main objective of this study was to demonstrate that dental implants made from ultrafine‐grain titanium (UFG‐Ti) can be created that replicate state of the art surfaces of standard coarse‐grain titanium (Ti), showing excellent cytocompatibility and osseointegration potential while also providing improved mechanical properties.
Material and methods
UFG‐Ti was prepared by continuous equal channel angular processing (ECAP) and surfaces were treated by sand‐blasting and acid‐etching. Mechanical properties (tensile and fatigue strength), wettability and roughness parameters were evaluated. Human trabecular bone‐derived osteoblast precursor cells (HBCs) were cultured on all samples to examine cytocompatibility and mineralization after 4 and 28 days, respectively. Biomechanical pull‐out measurements were performed in a rabbit in vivo model 4 weeks after implantation.
Results
Both yield and tensile strength as well as fatigue endurance were higher for UFG‐Ti compared to Ti by 40%, 45% and 34%, respectively. Fatigue endurance was slightly reduced following surface treatment. Existing surface treatment protocols could be applied to UFG‐Ti and resulted in similar roughness and wettability as for standard Ti. Cell attachment and spreading was comparable on all samples, but mineralization was higher for the surfaces with hydrophilic treatment with no significant difference between UFG‐Ti and Ti. Pull‐out tests revealed that osseointegration of surface treated UFG‐Ti was found to be similar to that of surface treated Ti.
Conclusion
It could be demonstrated that existing surface treatments for Ti can be translated to UFG‐Ti and furthermore, that dental implants made from surface‐treated UFG‐Ti exhibit superior mechanical properties while maintaining cytocompatibility and osseointegration potential.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Risk Factors for Multiple Hemorrhages Following Tonsil Surgery in Children
Objectives/Hypothesis
Although much is known about the incidence and risk factors for hemorrhage after tonsil surgery, the incidence and factors related to multiple episodes of hemorrhage are not well examined. Our objective was to identify risk factors that may contribute to multiple hemorrhages following tonsil surgery in children.
Study Design
Retrospective chart review.
Methods
A retrospective review was conducted of pediatric patients who experienced one or more hemorrhages following tonsillectomy/tonsillotomy, with or without adenoidectomy, between 2010 and 2016 at a single, tertiary‐care hospital. Risk factors for multiple hemorrhages were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model.
Results
Among the 11,140 patients who underwent tonsil surgery, 452 patients experienced one or more hemorrhages; 32 of these had multiple episodes of hemorrhage (7.1% of all patients with bleeds/0.3% of all patients). Older age (≥12 years: adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47‐6.68) and high body mass index for age (≥85th percentile: adjusted OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.06‐4.85) were significantly associated with an increased risk of multiple hemorrhages in the multivariable model. Medical comorbidities, indications for surgery, surgical technique, intraoperative blood loss, and perioperative medications were not associated with multiple episodes of bleeding.
Conclusions
Multiple hemorrhages after tonsillectomy/tonsillotomy are uncommon. The risk of a second PTH after an initial episode is 7.1%, almost double the risk of a bleed after the initial tonsil surgery. Age > 12 years and high BMI for age may be associated with increased risk of rebleeding. After an initial bleed, increased surveillance may be warranted, particularly for patients with risk factors.
Level of Evidence
4 Laryngoscope, 2018
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Clinical Guidelines in Pediatric Hearing Loss: Systemic Review Using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II Instrument
Objectives
Despite the importance, impact, and prevalence of pediatric hearing loss (HL), there are very few published clinical practice guidelines (CPG) supporting the evaluation and management of pediatric patients with HL. Our objective was to appraise existing CPGs to ensure safe and effective practices.
Methods
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, as well as a manual Google search. Three independent assessors using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument evaluated CPGs related to HL in children. Standardized domain scores were calculated for each guideline.
Results
A total of four guidelines met the inclusion criteria and were appraised. Scope and purpose achieved a high median score of 83%. Stakeholder involvement, clarity of presentation, and editorial independence achieved intermediate scores of 67%, 54%, and 50%, respectively. The areas that required most improvement and achieved low scores were rigor of development and applicability, with scores of 22% and 38%, respectively. Based on the AGREE II measures, the four guidelines had domain scores less than 60% for each domain, and without modification no guideline could be recommended.
Conclusions
Based on the AGREE II, the qualities of CPGs for pediatric HL have several shortcomings, and the need for a comprehensive CPG remains. Rigor of development and applicability present the greatest opportunities for improvement of these CPGs. Laryngoscope, 2018
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Arachnoid cysts of the internal auditory canal: An underappreciated entity?
Objectives/Hypothesis
To describe the histopathologic findings and clinical presentation of arachnoid cysts (ACs) within the human temporal bone.
Study Design
Retrospective cohort analysis.
Methods
An analysis of all medical records of patients diagnosed with an AC was performed. Temporal bones underwent standard processing for histologic examination. The slides were examined by light microscopy. The histologic findings were compared to premortem clinical data.
Results
Twenty‐seven ACs were identified in 22 patients. Twenty ears (74%) had no identified risk factor for AC development. The median volume was 12.8 mm3. The most prevalent location of the ACs was at the fundus (16 ACs) followed by the middle portion of the internal auditory canal (IAC) (six ACs). Nine ACs were asymptomatic. Among the 18 symptomatic ACs, the most common presentation was sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (94%), followed by tinnitus (22%). The most affected structure was the cochlear nerve (59%), followed by the vestibular nerve (41%). The average hearing threshold was of moderately severe SNHL and speech discrimination was in the range of 50% on monosyllabic word tests. The median time interval from initial presentation to death was 12 years. No correlation was found between duration of symptoms and AC volume.
Conclusions
AC of the IAC is not uncommon. Its presentation is variable, ranging from asymptomatic to SNHL, with poor speech discrimination, tinnitus, and vertigo. This diagnosis should be kept in the differential diagnosis of retrocochlear pathologies.
Level of Evidence
4
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Clinical Guidelines in Pediatric Hearing Loss: Systemic Review Using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II Instrument
Objectives
Despite the importance, impact, and prevalence of pediatric hearing loss (HL), there are very few published clinical practice guidelines (CPG) supporting the evaluation and management of pediatric patients with HL. Our objective was to appraise existing CPGs to ensure safe and effective practices.
Methods
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, as well as a manual Google search. Three independent assessors using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument evaluated CPGs related to HL in children. Standardized domain scores were calculated for each guideline.
Results
A total of four guidelines met the inclusion criteria and were appraised. Scope and purpose achieved a high median score of 83%. Stakeholder involvement, clarity of presentation, and editorial independence achieved intermediate scores of 67%, 54%, and 50%, respectively. The areas that required most improvement and achieved low scores were rigor of development and applicability, with scores of 22% and 38%, respectively. Based on the AGREE II measures, the four guidelines had domain scores less than 60% for each domain, and without modification no guideline could be recommended.
Conclusions
Based on the AGREE II, the qualities of CPGs for pediatric HL have several shortcomings, and the need for a comprehensive CPG remains. Rigor of development and applicability present the greatest opportunities for improvement of these CPGs. Laryngoscope, 2018
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Arachnoid cysts of the internal auditory canal: An underappreciated entity?
Objectives/Hypothesis
To describe the histopathologic findings and clinical presentation of arachnoid cysts (ACs) within the human temporal bone.
Study Design
Retrospective cohort analysis.
Methods
An analysis of all medical records of patients diagnosed with an AC was performed. Temporal bones underwent standard processing for histologic examination. The slides were examined by light microscopy. The histologic findings were compared to premortem clinical data.
Results
Twenty‐seven ACs were identified in 22 patients. Twenty ears (74%) had no identified risk factor for AC development. The median volume was 12.8 mm3. The most prevalent location of the ACs was at the fundus (16 ACs) followed by the middle portion of the internal auditory canal (IAC) (six ACs). Nine ACs were asymptomatic. Among the 18 symptomatic ACs, the most common presentation was sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (94%), followed by tinnitus (22%). The most affected structure was the cochlear nerve (59%), followed by the vestibular nerve (41%). The average hearing threshold was of moderately severe SNHL and speech discrimination was in the range of 50% on monosyllabic word tests. The median time interval from initial presentation to death was 12 years. No correlation was found between duration of symptoms and AC volume.
Conclusions
AC of the IAC is not uncommon. Its presentation is variable, ranging from asymptomatic to SNHL, with poor speech discrimination, tinnitus, and vertigo. This diagnosis should be kept in the differential diagnosis of retrocochlear pathologies.
Level of Evidence
4
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Risk Factors for Multiple Hemorrhages Following Tonsil Surgery in Children
Objectives/Hypothesis
Although much is known about the incidence and risk factors for hemorrhage after tonsil surgery, the incidence and factors related to multiple episodes of hemorrhage are not well examined. Our objective was to identify risk factors that may contribute to multiple hemorrhages following tonsil surgery in children.
Study Design
Retrospective chart review.
Methods
A retrospective review was conducted of pediatric patients who experienced one or more hemorrhages following tonsillectomy/tonsillotomy, with or without adenoidectomy, between 2010 and 2016 at a single, tertiary‐care hospital. Risk factors for multiple hemorrhages were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model.
Results
Among the 11,140 patients who underwent tonsil surgery, 452 patients experienced one or more hemorrhages; 32 of these had multiple episodes of hemorrhage (7.1% of all patients with bleeds/0.3% of all patients). Older age (≥12 years: adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47‐6.68) and high body mass index for age (≥85th percentile: adjusted OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.06‐4.85) were significantly associated with an increased risk of multiple hemorrhages in the multivariable model. Medical comorbidities, indications for surgery, surgical technique, intraoperative blood loss, and perioperative medications were not associated with multiple episodes of bleeding.
Conclusions
Multiple hemorrhages after tonsillectomy/tonsillotomy are uncommon. The risk of a second PTH after an initial episode is 7.1%, almost double the risk of a bleed after the initial tonsil surgery. Age > 12 years and high BMI for age may be associated with increased risk of rebleeding. After an initial bleed, increased surveillance may be warranted, particularly for patients with risk factors.
Level of Evidence
4 Laryngoscope, 2018
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Skin sensitization: Uncertainties, challenges, and opportunities for improved risk assessment
At the ESCD congress held in Manchester in 2016, a session was organized to encourage more dialogue between clinicians with expertise in skin sensitization and toxicologists seeking to provide effective risk assessment to prevent human health issues. That session focused on the remaining uncertainties regarding the induction and regulation of skin sensitization in humans, and the opportunities and challenges associated with the refinement and improvement of risk assessment methodologies. This short article, prompted by those discussions, debates what the authors regard as being among the most important and most intriguing uncertainties about skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis in humans, and the most significant opportunities for improving risk assessment. The aim has been to provide a basis for mapping out the areas that might benefit from a closer alignment between the relevant clinical community and toxicologists charged with the responsibility of ensuring that skin sensitization risks are understood and managed.
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Cannabinoid drugs: will they relieve or exacerbate tinnitus?
Authors: Zheng Y, Smith PF Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent enthusiasm for cannabinoid drugs for the treatment of chronic pain and some forms of epilepsy, raises the question of whether they could be useful for other disorders associated with abnormal neuronal activity in the brain, such as subjective tinnitus. Indeed, there is evidence to indicate that some tinnitus sufferers self-medicate using Cannabis. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the available evidence relating to the effects of cannabinoids on tinnitus. RECENT FINDINGS: Despite the fact that cannabinoids have been shown to decrease neuronal hyperactivity in many parts of the brain, the current evidence suggests that in auditory brain regions such as the dorsal cochlear nucleus, they have the potentia...
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Allergic contact dermatitis due to undecylenic acid in an antifungal nail solution
Undecylenic acid (CAS no. 112‐38‐9) has antifungal and antibacterial effects. For this reason, it is used along with imidazole antifungals.
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On medium access control schemes for wireless networks in the millimeter-wave and Terahertz bands
Publication date: Available online 7 December 2018Source: Nano Communication NetworksAuthor(s): Chong Han, Xiaofei Zhang, Xudong WangAbstractMillimeter wave (mmW) and Terahertz band (THz) play important roles for future wireless communications to support ultra-high data rates. However, the high propagation loss and inherent directivity features pose critical challenges on the medium access control (MAC) protocol design to fully exploit their potential benefits, including deafness, control channel selection mechanism, line-of-sight (LoS) blockage, mobility management and spatial reuse strategy. To address these challenges, in-depth literature survey is conducted on MAC protocols for the mmW and THz bands wireless networks in this paper. A taxonomy of the MAC protocols based on their network...
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Contact urticaria with anaphylaxis to chlorocresol, chloroxylenol and thiourea
Contact urticaria (CU) is defined as an immediate wheal‐and‐flare skin reaction following direct contact with a protein or chemical agent1,2. CU has been described in association with numerous chemicals, including preservatives, antiseptics, fragrances and medicaments3‐6. CU syndrome ranges from localised urticaria (stage 1) to anaphylactoid reactions with shock (stage 4)7.
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