No abstract available
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Τετάρτη 10 Οκτωβρίου 2018
Propofol Regulates Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation via Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II/AMPK/ATF5 Signaling Axis
BACKGROUND: Propofol can cause degeneration of developing brain cells and subsequent long-term learning or memory impairment. However, at the early stage of embryonic development, the molecular mechanism of propofol-induced inhibition in neural stem cells (NSCs) neurogenesis is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role of propofol in NSCs neurogenesis and, more importantly, to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: First, a single intraperitoneal injection of propofol was performed in pregnant mice, and 6 hours after administration of propofol, the hippocampus RNA and the protein of the embryos' brains was extracted to analyze the expression of neuron-specific markers. Second, the primary NSCs were isolated from the hippocampus of mouse embryonic brain and then treated with propofol for cell viability, immunostaining, and transwell assays; more importantly, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and q-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays to identify genes regulated by propofol; the Western blot, small interfering RNA (SiRNA), and luciferase reporter assays were used to study the effects of propofol on calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMk) II/5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) signaling pathway. RESULTS: Our results indicated that propofol treatment could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of NSCs. The results of RNA-seq assays showed that propofol treatment resulted in downregulation of a group of Ca2+-dependent genes. The following mechanism studies showed that propofol regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSCs through the CaMkII/phosphorylation of serine at amino acid position 485 (pS485)/AMPK/ATF5 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: The results from study demonstrated that propofol inhibits the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSCs, and these effects are partially mediated by CaMkII/pS485/AMPK/ATF5 signaling pathway. Accepted for publication August 30, 2018. Funding: This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81400930). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website (https://ift.tt/KegmMq). Reprints will not be available from the authors. Address correspondence to Jing Cang, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui Qu, Shanghai Shi 200032, China. Address e-mail to cangjing1998@126.com. © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society
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Best Practices for Postoperative Brain Health: Recommendations From the Fifth International Perioperative Neurotoxicity Working Group
As part of the American Society of Anesthesiology Brain Health Initiative goal of improving perioperative brain health for older patients, over 30 experts met at the fifth International Perioperative Neurotoxicity Workshop in San Francisco, CA, in May 2016, to discuss best practices for optimizing perioperative brain health in older adults (ie, >65 years of age). The objective of this workshop was to discuss and develop consensus solutions to improve patient management and outcomes and to discuss what older adults should be told (and by whom) about postoperative brain health risks. Thus, the workshop was provider and patient oriented as well as solution focused rather than etiology focused. For those areas in which we determined that there were limited evidence-based recommendations, we identified knowledge gaps and the types of scientific knowledge and investigations needed to direct future best practice. Because concerns about perioperative neurocognitive injury in pediatric patients are already being addressed by the SmartTots initiative, our workshop discussion (and thus this article) focuses specifically on perioperative cognition in older adults. The 2 main perioperative cognitive disorders that have been studied to date are postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction. Postoperative delirium is a syndrome of fluctuating changes in attention and level of consciousness that occurs in 20%–40% of patients >60 years of age after major surgery and inpatient hospitalization. Many older surgical patients also develop postoperative cognitive deficits that typically last for weeks to months, thus referred to as postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Because of the heterogeneity of different tools and thresholds used to assess and define these disorders at varying points in time after anesthesia and surgery, a recent article has proposed a new recommended nomenclature for these perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Our discussion about this topic was organized around 4 key issues: preprocedure consent, preoperative cognitive assessment, intraoperative management, and postoperative follow-up. These 4 issues also form the structure of this document. Multiple viewpoints were presented by participants and discussed at this in-person meeting, and the overall group consensus from these discussions was then drafted by a smaller writing group (the 6 primary authors of this article) into this manuscript. Of course, further studies have appeared since the workshop, which the writing group has incorporated where appropriate. All participants from this in-person meeting then had the opportunity to review, edit, and approve this final manuscript; 1 participant did not approve the final manuscript and asked for his/her name to be removed. Accepted for publication August 27, 2018. Funding: This workshop was sponsored by the American Society of Anesthesiology Brain Health Initiative, the Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Baxter, and Pfizer. M.B. acknowledges receiving private consulting income from a legal case regarding postoperative cognitive function in an older adult and material support (ie, monitors) from Masimo for a research study. C.H.B. has consulted for and has a data share agreement with Medtronic. M.B. acknowledges support from National Institute on Aging (NIA) K76 AG057020 (and additional support from R03-AG050918 and P30AG028716), K.J.S. from National Institutes of Health (NIH) K12 HD043488 and an Alzheimer's Association Clinician Scientist Fellowship, C.H.B. from NIA K76 AG057020, S.G.D. from NIA K23 AG048332 and the American Foundation for Aging Research, R.A.W. from NIH 2R01GM101698, and R.G.E. from National Institute of General Medical Sciences P01 55876. All collaborators participated in the Best Practices Discussion at the 2016 International Perioperative Neurotoxicity Working Group meeting and helped edit the manuscript. The 2016 Perioperative Neurotoxicity Working group are also listed in Appendix. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Address correspondence to Miles Berger, MD, PhD, Anesthesiology Department, Duke University Medical Center, 4317 Duke S Orange Zone, Durham, NC 27710. Address e-mail to Miles.berger@duke.edu. © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society
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Dexamethasone Is Superior to Dexmedetomidine as a Perineural Adjunct for Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: Systematic Review and Indirect Meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Both dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine are effective peripheral nerve block (PNB) perineural adjuncts that prolong block duration. However, each is associated with side effects. With paucity of head-to-head comparisons of these adjuncts, the question of the best adjunct to mix with local anesthetics (LA) for PNB is unanswered. This meta-analysis aims to inform current practice and future research by identifying the superior adjunct by comparing dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine. METHODS: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, trials comparing the combination of perineural dexamethasone or dexmedetomidine with LA to LA alone for PNB were sought. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the methodological quality of trials, and indirect or network meta-analyses using random-effects modeling were planned. We designated duration of analgesia as a primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included sensory and motor block durations, sensory and motor block onset times, and the risks of hypotension, sedation, and neurological symptoms. RESULTS: Fifty trials were identified, including only 1 direct comparison, precluding a network meta-analysis. Indirect meta-analysis of 49 trials (3019 patients) was performed. Compared to dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone prolonged the duration of analgesia by a mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 148 minutes (37–259 minutes) (P = .003), without prolonging sensory/motor blockade. Dexmedetomidine increased rates of hypotension (risk ratio [95% CI], 6.3 [1.5–27.5]; P = .01) and sedation (risk ratio [95% CI], 15.8 [3.9–64.6]; P = .0001). Overall risk of bias was moderate, and publication bias was noted, resulting in downgrading evidence strength. CONCLUSIONS: There is low-quality evidence that both adjuncts similarly prolong sensory/motor blockade. However, dexamethasone may be a superior adjunct; it improves the duration of analgesia by a statistically significant increase, albeit clinically modest, equivalent to 2.5 hours more than dexmedetomidine, without the risks of hypotension or sedation. Future direct comparisons are encouraged. Accepted for publication September 10, 2018. Funding: This work was supported by departmental funding from the Department of Anesthesia, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (E.A.), and also from the Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (F.W.A.). Conflicts of Interest: See Disclosures at the end of the article. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website (https://ift.tt/KegmMq). Reprints will not be available from the authors. Address correspondence to Faraj W. Abdallah, MD, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital General Campus, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada. Address e-mail to FAbdallah@toh.ca. © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society
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Effect of Apneic Oxygenation on Tracheal Oxygen Levels, Tracheal Pressure, and Carbon Dioxide Accumulation: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Buccal Oxygen Administration
BACKGROUND: Apneic oxygenation via the oral route using a buccal device extends the safe apnea time in most but not all obese patients. Apneic oxygenation techniques are most effective when tracheal oxygen concentrations are maintained >90%. It remains unclear whether buccal oxygen administration consistently achieves this goal and whether significant risks of hypercarbia or barotrauma exist. METHODS: We conducted a randomized trial of buccal or sham oxygenation in healthy, nonobese patients (n = 20), using prolonged laryngoscopy to maintain apnea with a patent airway until arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) dropped 90% during apnea. RESULTS: Buccal patients were more likely to achieve the primary outcome (P 94%; 750 seconds (750–750 seconds) vs 447 seconds (405–525 seconds); P
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Airway Management and Clinical Outcomes in External Laryngeal Trauma: A Case Series
External laryngeal trauma is a rare but potentially fatal event that presents several management challenges. This retrospective observational case series conducted at a level-1 trauma center over a 12-year period consists of 62 cases of acute external laryngeal trauma. Patient demographics, mode and mechanisms of injury, presenting signs and symptoms, initial imaging results, airway management, time to surgical management, and 6-month outcomes including airway status, deglutition status, and voice quality were investigated. No difference was found in mortality or 6-month outcomes between patients requiring surgical repair and/or tracheostomy versus patients with less severe injuries managed conservatively. Accepted for publication August 30, 2018. Funding: None. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Institutional review board Number and Contact Information: HUM00125057. 2800 Plymouth Rd, Bldg 520, Room 3214, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. E-mail: irbmed@umich.edu. Reprints will not be available from the authors. Address correspondence to Alexandra R. DePorre, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1H247 UH, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109. Address e-mail to adeporre@med.umich.edu. © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society
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Preclinical Evaluation of Ropivacaine in 2 Liposomal Modified Systems
BACKGROUND: Our research group has recently developed liposomes with ionic gradient and in a combined manner as donor and acceptor vesicles containing ropivacaine (RVC; at 2% or 0.75%). Looking for applications of such novel formulations for postoperative pain control, we evaluated the duration of anesthesia, pharmacokinetics, and tissue reaction evoked by these new RVC formulations. METHODS: The formulations used in this study were large multivesicular vesicle (LMVV) containing sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.5 or in a combined manner with LMVV as donor and large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) as acceptor vesicles with an external pH of 7.4. Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 6) and received sciatic nerve block (0.4 mL) with 6 formulations of RVC (LMVVRVC0.75%, LMVV/LUVRVC0.75%, LMVVRVC2%, LMVV/LUVRVC2%, RVC 0.75%, and RVC 2%). To verify the anesthetic effect, the animals were submitted to the pain pressure test and the motor block was also monitored. Histopathology of the tissues surrounding the sciatic nerve region was also assessed 2 and 7 days after treatment. Rats (n = 6) were submitted to a hind paw incision, and mechanical hypersensitivity was measured via the withdrawal response using von Frey filaments after injection of the 6 formulations. Finally, New Zealand white rabbits (n = 6) received sciatic nerve block (3 mL) with 1 of the 6 formulations of RVC. Blood samples were collected predose (0 minutes) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480, and 540 minutes after injection. RVC plasma levels were determined using a triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer. RESULTS: Duration and intensity of the sensory block were longer with all liposomal formulations, when compared to the plain RVC solution (P
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Labor Pain's Relationship With Depression: From Whence, and What Shall be Done?
Portable Infrared Pupillometer in Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Prognostic Value and Circadian Rhythm of the Neurological Pupil Index (NPi)
Background: Portable automated infrared pupillometry is becoming increasingly popular. To generate an objective reference base, the Neurological Pupil index (NPi) which combines different values of the pupillary light reflex is being introduced into clinical practice. In this explorative study, we examined different aspects of the NPi in relation to clinical severity and outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Materials and Methods: Patients with serial assessment of the NPi (NeurOptics pupillometer NPi-200, Irvine, CA) starting no later than day 2 after aSAH onset were included in the study. Relative numbers of pathologic NPi's, absolute NPi values, and their variances were compared according to aSAH clinical severity grade, functional outcome, and case fatality. The correlation between NPi and intracranial pressure, and NPi periodicity, were also examined. Results: In total, 18 patients with 4456 NPi values were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. The general trend of the NPi over time reflected the course of the neurological illness. Mean NPi tended to be lower in patients with clinically severe compared with nonsevere aSAH (3.75±0.40 vs. 4.56±0.06; P=0.171), and in patients with unfavorable compared with favorable outcomes (3.64±0.48 vs. 4.50±0.08; P=0.198). The mean variance of the NPi was higher in patients with severe compared with nonsevere aSAH (0.49±0.17 vs. 0.06±0.02; P=0.025). Pathologic NPi values were recorded more frequently in patients with severe compared with nonsevere aSAH (16.3%±8.8% vs. 0.0%±0.0%; P=0.002), and in those with unfavorable compared with favorable outcomes (19.2%±10.6% vs. 0.7%±0.6%; P=0.017). NPi was inversely correlated with intracranial pressure (Spearman r=−0.551, P
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Propofol Regulates Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation via Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II/AMPK/ATF5 Signaling Axis
BACKGROUND: Propofol can cause degeneration of developing brain cells and subsequent long-term learning or memory impairment. However, at the early stage of embryonic development, the molecular mechanism of propofol-induced inhibition in neural stem cells (NSCs) neurogenesis is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the role of propofol in NSCs neurogenesis and, more importantly, to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: First, a single intraperitoneal injection of propofol was performed in pregnant mice, and 6 hours after administration of propofol, the hippocampus RNA and the protein of the embryos' brains was extracted to analyze the expression of neuron-specific markers. Second, the primary NSCs were isolated from the hippocampus of mouse embryonic brain and then treated with propofol for cell viability, immunostaining, and transwell assays; more importantly, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and q-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays to identify genes regulated by propofol; the Western blot, small interfering RNA (SiRNA), and luciferase reporter assays were used to study the effects of propofol on calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMk) II/5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) signaling pathway. RESULTS: Our results indicated that propofol treatment could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of NSCs. The results of RNA-seq assays showed that propofol treatment resulted in downregulation of a group of Ca2+-dependent genes. The following mechanism studies showed that propofol regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSCs through the CaMkII/phosphorylation of serine at amino acid position 485 (pS485)/AMPK/ATF5 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: The results from study demonstrated that propofol inhibits the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSCs, and these effects are partially mediated by CaMkII/pS485/AMPK/ATF5 signaling pathway. Accepted for publication August 30, 2018. Funding: This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81400930). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website (https://ift.tt/KegmMq). Reprints will not be available from the authors. Address correspondence to Jing Cang, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui Qu, Shanghai Shi 200032, China. Address e-mail to cangjing1998@126.com. © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society
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Best Practices for Postoperative Brain Health: Recommendations From the Fifth International Perioperative Neurotoxicity Working Group
As part of the American Society of Anesthesiology Brain Health Initiative goal of improving perioperative brain health for older patients, over 30 experts met at the fifth International Perioperative Neurotoxicity Workshop in San Francisco, CA, in May 2016, to discuss best practices for optimizing perioperative brain health in older adults (ie, >65 years of age). The objective of this workshop was to discuss and develop consensus solutions to improve patient management and outcomes and to discuss what older adults should be told (and by whom) about postoperative brain health risks. Thus, the workshop was provider and patient oriented as well as solution focused rather than etiology focused. For those areas in which we determined that there were limited evidence-based recommendations, we identified knowledge gaps and the types of scientific knowledge and investigations needed to direct future best practice. Because concerns about perioperative neurocognitive injury in pediatric patients are already being addressed by the SmartTots initiative, our workshop discussion (and thus this article) focuses specifically on perioperative cognition in older adults. The 2 main perioperative cognitive disorders that have been studied to date are postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction. Postoperative delirium is a syndrome of fluctuating changes in attention and level of consciousness that occurs in 20%–40% of patients >60 years of age after major surgery and inpatient hospitalization. Many older surgical patients also develop postoperative cognitive deficits that typically last for weeks to months, thus referred to as postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Because of the heterogeneity of different tools and thresholds used to assess and define these disorders at varying points in time after anesthesia and surgery, a recent article has proposed a new recommended nomenclature for these perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Our discussion about this topic was organized around 4 key issues: preprocedure consent, preoperative cognitive assessment, intraoperative management, and postoperative follow-up. These 4 issues also form the structure of this document. Multiple viewpoints were presented by participants and discussed at this in-person meeting, and the overall group consensus from these discussions was then drafted by a smaller writing group (the 6 primary authors of this article) into this manuscript. Of course, further studies have appeared since the workshop, which the writing group has incorporated where appropriate. All participants from this in-person meeting then had the opportunity to review, edit, and approve this final manuscript; 1 participant did not approve the final manuscript and asked for his/her name to be removed. Accepted for publication August 27, 2018. Funding: This workshop was sponsored by the American Society of Anesthesiology Brain Health Initiative, the Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Baxter, and Pfizer. M.B. acknowledges receiving private consulting income from a legal case regarding postoperative cognitive function in an older adult and material support (ie, monitors) from Masimo for a research study. C.H.B. has consulted for and has a data share agreement with Medtronic. M.B. acknowledges support from National Institute on Aging (NIA) K76 AG057020 (and additional support from R03-AG050918 and P30AG028716), K.J.S. from National Institutes of Health (NIH) K12 HD043488 and an Alzheimer's Association Clinician Scientist Fellowship, C.H.B. from NIA K76 AG057020, S.G.D. from NIA K23 AG048332 and the American Foundation for Aging Research, R.A.W. from NIH 2R01GM101698, and R.G.E. from National Institute of General Medical Sciences P01 55876. All collaborators participated in the Best Practices Discussion at the 2016 International Perioperative Neurotoxicity Working Group meeting and helped edit the manuscript. The 2016 Perioperative Neurotoxicity Working group are also listed in Appendix. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Address correspondence to Miles Berger, MD, PhD, Anesthesiology Department, Duke University Medical Center, 4317 Duke S Orange Zone, Durham, NC 27710. Address e-mail to Miles.berger@duke.edu. © 2018 International Anesthesia Research Society
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Effect of Apneic Oxygenation on Tracheal Oxygen Levels, Tracheal Pressure, and Carbon Dioxide Accumulation: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Buccal Oxygen Administration
BACKGROUND: Apneic oxygenation via the oral route using a buccal device extends the safe apnea time in most but not all obese patients. Apneic oxygenation techniques are most effective when tracheal oxygen concentrations are maintained >90%. It remains unclear whether buccal oxygen administration consistently achieves this goal and whether significant risks of hypercarbia or barotrauma exist. METHODS: We conducted a randomized trial of buccal or sham oxygenation in healthy, nonobese patients (n = 20), using prolonged laryngoscopy to maintain apnea with a patent airway until arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) dropped 90% during apnea. RESULTS: Buccal patients were more likely to achieve the primary outcome (P 94%; 750 seconds (750–750 seconds) vs 447 seconds (405–525 seconds); P
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Preclinical Evaluation of Ropivacaine in 2 Liposomal Modified Systems
BACKGROUND: Our research group has recently developed liposomes with ionic gradient and in a combined manner as donor and acceptor vesicles containing ropivacaine (RVC; at 2% or 0.75%). Looking for applications of such novel formulations for postoperative pain control, we evaluated the duration of anesthesia, pharmacokinetics, and tissue reaction evoked by these new RVC formulations. METHODS: The formulations used in this study were large multivesicular vesicle (LMVV) containing sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.5 or in a combined manner with LMVV as donor and large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) as acceptor vesicles with an external pH of 7.4. Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 6) and received sciatic nerve block (0.4 mL) with 6 formulations of RVC (LMVVRVC0.75%, LMVV/LUVRVC0.75%, LMVVRVC2%, LMVV/LUVRVC2%, RVC 0.75%, and RVC 2%). To verify the anesthetic effect, the animals were submitted to the pain pressure test and the motor block was also monitored. Histopathology of the tissues surrounding the sciatic nerve region was also assessed 2 and 7 days after treatment. Rats (n = 6) were submitted to a hind paw incision, and mechanical hypersensitivity was measured via the withdrawal response using von Frey filaments after injection of the 6 formulations. Finally, New Zealand white rabbits (n = 6) received sciatic nerve block (3 mL) with 1 of the 6 formulations of RVC. Blood samples were collected predose (0 minutes) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480, and 540 minutes after injection. RVC plasma levels were determined using a triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer. RESULTS: Duration and intensity of the sensory block were longer with all liposomal formulations, when compared to the plain RVC solution (P
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Portable Infrared Pupillometer in Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Prognostic Value and Circadian Rhythm of the Neurological Pupil Index (NPi)
Background: Portable automated infrared pupillometry is becoming increasingly popular. To generate an objective reference base, the Neurological Pupil index (NPi) which combines different values of the pupillary light reflex is being introduced into clinical practice. In this explorative study, we examined different aspects of the NPi in relation to clinical severity and outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Materials and Methods: Patients with serial assessment of the NPi (NeurOptics pupillometer NPi-200, Irvine, CA) starting no later than day 2 after aSAH onset were included in the study. Relative numbers of pathologic NPi's, absolute NPi values, and their variances were compared according to aSAH clinical severity grade, functional outcome, and case fatality. The correlation between NPi and intracranial pressure, and NPi periodicity, were also examined. Results: In total, 18 patients with 4456 NPi values were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. The general trend of the NPi over time reflected the course of the neurological illness. Mean NPi tended to be lower in patients with clinically severe compared with nonsevere aSAH (3.75±0.40 vs. 4.56±0.06; P=0.171), and in patients with unfavorable compared with favorable outcomes (3.64±0.48 vs. 4.50±0.08; P=0.198). The mean variance of the NPi was higher in patients with severe compared with nonsevere aSAH (0.49±0.17 vs. 0.06±0.02; P=0.025). Pathologic NPi values were recorded more frequently in patients with severe compared with nonsevere aSAH (16.3%±8.8% vs. 0.0%±0.0%; P=0.002), and in those with unfavorable compared with favorable outcomes (19.2%±10.6% vs. 0.7%±0.6%; P=0.017). NPi was inversely correlated with intracranial pressure (Spearman r=−0.551, P
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Voluntary Recall Issued for Sweet Me Creamery Brookie Dough Ice Cream that may Contain an Undeclared Peanut Allergen
Kemps of St. Paul, Minn., is voluntarily recalling Sweet Me Creamery Brookie Dough ice cream, individual pints and pint four-packs, because it may contain an undeclared peanut allergen. Individuals who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to peanuts run the risk of a serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)
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Voluntary Recall Issued for Sweet Me Creamery Brookie Dough Ice Cream that may Contain an Undeclared Peanut Allergen
Kemps of St. Paul, Minn., is voluntarily recalling Sweet Me Creamery Brookie Dough ice cream, individual pints and pint four-packs, because it may contain an undeclared peanut allergen. Individuals who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to peanuts run the risk of a serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)
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3D convolutional neural networks for detection and severity staging of meniscus and PFJ cartilage morphological degenerative changes in osteoarthritis and anterior cruciate ligament subjects
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, EarlyView.
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3D convolutional neural networks for detection and severity staging of meniscus and PFJ cartilage morphological degenerative changes in osteoarthritis and anterior cruciate ligament subjects
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, EarlyView.
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Replacing the Countdown for Young Kids With Autism
Counting down is one of the most commonly used strategies for transitioning children from one activity to another. At school, children often hear their teachers say something like, "In five more minutes, we're going to line up and go back to class." However, as those of us who work with children with developmental delays are aware, children with communication disorders, sensory processing issues and autism can experience more difficulties transitioning than other children. And for these kids, because of issues with language and flexibility, a countdown might actually make them more dysregulated and upset. What can end up happening when you try the countdown in sessions? SLP: One more minute until we clean up … 10 more seconds … five… four … three … two … one … . OK, tim...
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Replacing the Countdown for Young Kids With Autism
Counting down is one of the most commonly used strategies for transitioning children from one activity to another. At school, children often hear their teachers say something like, "In five more minutes, we're going to line up and go back to class." However, as those of us who work with children with developmental delays are aware, children with communication disorders, sensory processing issues and autism can experience more difficulties transitioning than other children. And for these kids, because of issues with language and flexibility, a countdown might actually make them more dysregulated and upset. What can end up happening when you try the countdown in sessions? SLP: One more minute until we clean up … 10 more seconds … five… four … three … two … one … . OK, tim...
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Replacing the Countdown for Young Kids With Autism
Counting down is one of the most commonly used strategies for transitioning children from one activity to another. At school, children often hear their teachers say something like, "In five more minutes, we're going to line up and go back to class." However, as those of us who work with children with developmental delays are aware, children with communication disorders, sensory processing issues and autism can experience more difficulties transitioning than other children. And for these kids, because of issues with language and flexibility, a countdown might actually make them more dysregulated and upset. What can end up happening when you try the countdown in sessions? SLP: One more minute until we clean up … 10 more seconds … five… four … three … two … one … . OK, tim...
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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QKn7h0
Replacing the Countdown for Young Kids With Autism
Counting down is one of the most commonly used strategies for transitioning children from one activity to another. At school, children often hear their teachers say something like, "In five more minutes, we're going to line up and go back to class." However, as those of us who work with children with developmental delays are aware, children with communication disorders, sensory processing issues and autism can experience more difficulties transitioning than other children. And for these kids, because of issues with language and flexibility, a countdown might actually make them more dysregulated and upset. What can end up happening when you try the countdown in sessions? SLP: One more minute until we clean up … 10 more seconds … five… four … three … two … one … . OK, tim...
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QKn7h0
Oral hygiene and periodontal disease in male patients with oral cancer
Research has suggested that oral hygiene could have a critical role in the pathogenesis of oral cancer that is modifiable by level of education in the absence of well-established risk factors such as the use of tobacco and alcohol.1 Periodontitis is also emerging as an independent risk factor for oral cancer, yet its effect is often attenuated by more well-established risk factors.2,3 (Source: The British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Oral hygiene and periodontal disease in male patients with oral cancer
Research has suggested that oral hygiene could have a critical role in the pathogenesis of oral cancer that is modifiable by level of education in the absence of well-established risk factors such as the use of tobacco and alcohol.1 Periodontitis is also emerging as an independent risk factor for oral cancer, yet its effect is often attenuated by more well-established risk factors.2,3 (Source: The British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Prevention and detection of prosthetic temporomandibular joint infections —update
Prosthetic joint infections are not only distressing complications for patients and surgeons, but also have an enormous financial impact on healthcare systems. The reported incidence of prosthetic joint infection is likely underestimated due to difficulties in their diagnosis. This unfortunate complication has challenged joint replacement surgeons for years, despite all the advances made in this surgical discipline. Since eradication of these infections can be very difficult, prevention remains the primary objective. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Predicting the therapeutic effect of carbamazepine in trigeminal neuralgia by analysis of neurovascular compression utilizing magnetic resonance cisternography
In this study, a new analysis of NVC using MR cisternography was performed retrospectively for 280 patients with clinical signs and symptoms suggesting TN. The new analysis examined whether the site of the NVC was less than 3mm from the edge of the exit point and within the first third of the root entry zone on MR cisternography. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Current applications of ultrasound-guided wire localization in head and neck surgery
Ultrasound-guided wire localization (USGWL) was originally developed for the removal of impalpable breast lesions. More recently, USGWL has been described in head and neck surgical practice and it has a number of applications in this field, with the potential to guide surgical exploration and the benefits of reducing operative time and morbidity. This technical note describes the use of preoperative USGWL to facilitate the removal of an impalpable neck node. A review of the current literature relating to the present applications of this technique in head and neck surgery is reported, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2pNG6Mc
Prevention and detection of prosthetic temporomandibular joint infections —update
Prosthetic joint infections are not only distressing complications for patients and surgeons, but also have an enormous financial impact on healthcare systems. The reported incidence of prosthetic joint infection is likely underestimated due to difficulties in their diagnosis. This unfortunate complication has challenged joint replacement surgeons for years, despite all the advances made in this surgical discipline. Since eradication of these infections can be very difficult, prevention remains the primary objective. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2pOzkFQ
Three-dimensional longitudinal evaluation of facial mimicry in orthognathic class III surgery
The effect of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on facial mimicry was assessed longitudinally in 15 patients with dentoskeletal class III facial dysmorphism (seven men, eight women, mean age 28 years). The patients were analysed pre-surgery and at 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery while performing verbal (five vowels) and non-verbal (open and closed mouth smile, lip purse) soft tissue facial movements. The three-dimensional motions of right and left nasogenian, crista philtri, cheilion, and lower lip landmarks were detected by an optoelectronic instrument, and a total mobility index was obtained. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2IOepva
Predicting the therapeutic effect of carbamazepine in trigeminal neuralgia by analysis of neurovascular compression utilizing magnetic resonance cisternography
In this study, a new analysis of NVC using MR cisternography was performed retrospectively for 280 patients with clinical signs and symptoms suggesting TN. The new analysis examined whether the site of the NVC was less than 3mm from the edge of the exit point and within the first third of the root entry zone on MR cisternography. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2INlDiZ
Does methylprednisolone improve postoperative outcomes after mandibular third molar surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether methylprednisolone (MP) administered via any route improves postoperative outcomes (pain, trismus, and oedema) following mandibular third molar surgery. An electronic search of the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify studies published in English up until January 2018. A total of 28 studies were included in the review: 25 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and three controlled clinical trials. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2pL5aTQ
Current applications of ultrasound-guided wire localization in head and neck surgery
Ultrasound-guided wire localization (USGWL) was originally developed for the removal of impalpable breast lesions. More recently, USGWL has been described in head and neck surgical practice and it has a number of applications in this field, with the potential to guide surgical exploration and the benefits of reducing operative time and morbidity. This technical note describes the use of preoperative USGWL to facilitate the removal of an impalpable neck node. A review of the current literature relating to the present applications of this technique in head and neck surgery is reported, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2pNG6Mc
Impact of bisphosphonate therapy on dental implant outcomes: An overview of systematic review evidence
The purpose of this overview was to assess the methods, quality, and outcomes of systematic reviews conducted to evaluate the impact of bisphosphonates on dental implants and the risk of developing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental implant surgery. An electronic search without date or language restriction was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and LILACS databases (to January 2018). Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews that evaluated the impact of bisphosphonates on implant outcomes. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2IMr9Cx
Three-dimensional longitudinal evaluation of facial mimicry in orthognathic class III surgery
The effect of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on facial mimicry was assessed longitudinally in 15 patients with dentoskeletal class III facial dysmorphism (seven men, eight women, mean age 28 years). The patients were analysed pre-surgery and at 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery while performing verbal (five vowels) and non-verbal (open and closed mouth smile, lip purse) soft tissue facial movements. The three-dimensional motions of right and left nasogenian, crista philtri, cheilion, and lower lip landmarks were detected by an optoelectronic instrument, and a total mobility index was obtained. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2IOepva
Synergistic inhibition of MEK/ERK and BRAF V600E with PD98059 and PLX4032 induces sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression and radioiodine uptake in BRAF mutated papillary thyroid cancer cells
Abstract
Background and Aims
The activating mutation BRAFV600E is a frequent genetic event in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). Mutation BRAFV600E is associated with the loss of a sodium/iodine symporter (NIS), and subsequent radioiodide-refractory (RAI) metastatic disease. Use of BRAF V600E inhibitors could partly restore NIS expression and Iodide uptake by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Previous study has reported that the BRAF V600E inhibitors could re-activate MAPK signals. In the present study, we investigated whether the combination treatment of BRAF V600E inhibitor and MAPK signal inhibitor could more effectively increase NIS expression and RAI uptake, and explore the mechanisms.
Methods
BCPAP and K1 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of BRAF V600E inhibitor PLX4032 (0.01 μM, 0.1 μM, 1 μM) or MEK/ERK inhibitor PD98059 (0.01 μM, 0.1 μM, 1 μM) or with their association or/and in the presence of 3 mM perchlorate (ClO− 4) for 0–72 h. Iodide uptake and expression of BRAF, phosphorylated (p) ERK1/2, NIS were detected.
Results
PLX4032 or PD98059 alone did not induce NIS expression and increase Iodide uptake in BCPAP and K1 cells. But combined treatment of PLX4032 and PD98059 significantly induce NIS expression and increase Iodide uptake in BCPAP and K1 cells. PLX4032 alone inhibited p-ERK expression at early time, and re-activated p-ERK expression at late time. However, combined treatment of PLX4032 and PD98059 completely inhibited p-ERK expression.
Conclusion
Simultaneously suppressing BRAF V600E and p-ERK restored NIS expression and increase Iodide uptake in PTC cells, which was associated the inhibition of p-ERK expression. The results warrants clinical trials to confirm.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2C8HxMw
Does methylprednisolone improve postoperative outcomes after mandibular third molar surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether methylprednisolone (MP) administered via any route improves postoperative outcomes (pain, trismus, and oedema) following mandibular third molar surgery. An electronic search of the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify studies published in English up until January 2018. A total of 28 studies were included in the review: 25 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and three controlled clinical trials. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2pL5aTQ
Impact of bisphosphonate therapy on dental implant outcomes: An overview of systematic review evidence
The purpose of this overview was to assess the methods, quality, and outcomes of systematic reviews conducted to evaluate the impact of bisphosphonates on dental implants and the risk of developing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental implant surgery. An electronic search without date or language restriction was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and LILACS databases (to January 2018). Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews that evaluated the impact of bisphosphonates on implant outcomes. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2IMr9Cx
Synergistic inhibition of MEK/ERK and BRAF V600E with PD98059 and PLX4032 induces sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression and radioiodine uptake in BRAF mutated papillary thyroid cancer cells
Abstract
Background and Aims
The activating mutation BRAFV600E is a frequent genetic event in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). Mutation BRAFV600E is associated with the loss of a sodium/iodine symporter (NIS), and subsequent radioiodide-refractory (RAI) metastatic disease. Use of BRAF V600E inhibitors could partly restore NIS expression and Iodide uptake by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Previous study has reported that the BRAF V600E inhibitors could re-activate MAPK signals. In the present study, we investigated whether the combination treatment of BRAF V600E inhibitor and MAPK signal inhibitor could more effectively increase NIS expression and RAI uptake, and explore the mechanisms.
Methods
BCPAP and K1 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of BRAF V600E inhibitor PLX4032 (0.01 μM, 0.1 μM, 1 μM) or MEK/ERK inhibitor PD98059 (0.01 μM, 0.1 μM, 1 μM) or with their association or/and in the presence of 3 mM perchlorate (ClO− 4) for 0–72 h. Iodide uptake and expression of BRAF, phosphorylated (p) ERK1/2, NIS were detected.
Results
PLX4032 or PD98059 alone did not induce NIS expression and increase Iodide uptake in BCPAP and K1 cells. But combined treatment of PLX4032 and PD98059 significantly induce NIS expression and increase Iodide uptake in BCPAP and K1 cells. PLX4032 alone inhibited p-ERK expression at early time, and re-activated p-ERK expression at late time. However, combined treatment of PLX4032 and PD98059 completely inhibited p-ERK expression.
Conclusion
Simultaneously suppressing BRAF V600E and p-ERK restored NIS expression and increase Iodide uptake in PTC cells, which was associated the inhibition of p-ERK expression. The results warrants clinical trials to confirm.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2C8HxMw
Overaugmentation to compensate for postextraction ridge atrophy using a putty-type porcine bone substitute material with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2: 4 weeks of healing in a canine model
Abstract
Objectives
The aims of the present study were (i) to determine the short-term effects of putty-type porcine bone substitute material (PB) with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) and (ii) evaluate the early healing of labial overaugmentation.
Materials and methods
Two groups were randomly assigned to the extraction sockets in mandibular incisors of eight dogs: labial overaugmentation with (i) PB (control) or (ii) rhBMP-2-loaded PB (BMP). Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed after 4 weeks.
Results
Micro-CT revealed that some of the overaugmented PB was dispersed in both groups. The new bone volume was significantly larger in the BMP group than in the control group (18.4 ± 3.3 vs. 15.5 ± 3.0 mm3, mean ± SD, P < 0.05). Labial bone resorption was generally found histologically. No signs of mineralization were observed in the overaugmented area despite significantly increased ridge width, as compared to the adjacent tooth area. The area of new bone formation was larger in the BMP group than in the control group overall (23.7 ± 18.8 vs. 18.3 ± 21.2 mm2) and in three parts (apical, middle, and coronal), although the difference was statistically significant only in the coronal part (7.7 ± 7.9 vs. 4.6 ± 6.4 mm2, P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The addition of rhBMP-2 enhanced ossification in the coronal part of the extraction socket relative to using PB alone. Overaugmentation increased the ridge dimension with no evidence of ossification in situ at 4 weeks.
Clinical relevance
In early healing following ARP, rhBMP-2 enhances bone formation within the socket, but ossification in the overaugmented area needs to be studied further.
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Patient-reported outcome domains for the esophageal CONDUIT report card: a prospective trial to establish domains
Health-related quality of life (QoL) deteriorates immediately after esophagectomy. Patients may benefit from periodic assessments to detect increased morbidity on the basis of subjective self-reports. Using in...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yfWutc
Overaugmentation to compensate for postextraction ridge atrophy using a putty-type porcine bone substitute material with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2: 4 weeks of healing in a canine model
Abstract
Objectives
The aims of the present study were (i) to determine the short-term effects of putty-type porcine bone substitute material (PB) with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) and (ii) evaluate the early healing of labial overaugmentation.
Materials and methods
Two groups were randomly assigned to the extraction sockets in mandibular incisors of eight dogs: labial overaugmentation with (i) PB (control) or (ii) rhBMP-2-loaded PB (BMP). Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed after 4 weeks.
Results
Micro-CT revealed that some of the overaugmented PB was dispersed in both groups. The new bone volume was significantly larger in the BMP group than in the control group (18.4 ± 3.3 vs. 15.5 ± 3.0 mm3, mean ± SD, P < 0.05). Labial bone resorption was generally found histologically. No signs of mineralization were observed in the overaugmented area despite significantly increased ridge width, as compared to the adjacent tooth area. The area of new bone formation was larger in the BMP group than in the control group overall (23.7 ± 18.8 vs. 18.3 ± 21.2 mm2) and in three parts (apical, middle, and coronal), although the difference was statistically significant only in the coronal part (7.7 ± 7.9 vs. 4.6 ± 6.4 mm2, P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The addition of rhBMP-2 enhanced ossification in the coronal part of the extraction socket relative to using PB alone. Overaugmentation increased the ridge dimension with no evidence of ossification in situ at 4 weeks.
Clinical relevance
In early healing following ARP, rhBMP-2 enhances bone formation within the socket, but ossification in the overaugmented area needs to be studied further.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PtcTB8
Patient-reported outcome domains for the esophageal CONDUIT report card: a prospective trial to establish domains
Health-related quality of life (QoL) deteriorates immediately after esophagectomy. Patients may benefit from periodic assessments to detect increased morbidity on the basis of subjective self-reports. Using in...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yfWutc
Early Immunologic Response of Irreversible Electroporation versus Cryoablation in a Rodent Model of Pancreatic Cancer
To investigate the differences in immune responses between cryoablation and irreversible electroporation (IRE) in a preclinical mouse model. (Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR)
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Early Immunologic Response of Irreversible Electroporation versus Cryoablation in a Rodent Model of Pancreatic Cancer
To investigate the differences in immune responses between cryoablation and irreversible electroporation (IRE) in a preclinical mouse model. (Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : JVIR)
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Deaf and Hard of Hearing Learners in Emergency Medicine
Approximately 23% of Americans over age 12 have some level of hearing loss.1 Emergency departments can reduce healthcare barriers for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHoH) patients through improved patient-physician communication. DHoH students, once they become physicians, may provide one mechanism for reducing existing healthcare disparities and communication barriers for DHoH patients, and may be more adept with patients facing other communication barriers. A renewed interest in disability access and a commitment to social justice has increased efforts toward the inclusion of individuals with disabilities in medical education and training. Despite this increased interest and a growing number of DHoH students entering medical education, DHoH students continue to be dissuaded from specialty car...
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Hearing loss and quality of life in survivors of paediatric CNS tumours and other cancers
ConclusionClinicians should be alert to signs of reduced physical well-being and impaired relationships with peers. Especially survivors of CNS tumours may benefit most from strict audiological monitoring and timely intervention to mitigate secondary consequences of hearing loss on HRQoL. (Source: Quality of Life Research)
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Deaf and Hard of Hearing Learners in Emergency Medicine
Approximately 23% of Americans over age 12 have some level of hearing loss.1 Emergency departments can reduce healthcare barriers for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHoH) patients through improved patient-physician communication. DHoH students, once they become physicians, may provide one mechanism for reducing existing healthcare disparities and communication barriers for DHoH patients, and may be more adept with patients facing other communication barriers. A renewed interest in disability access and a commitment to social justice has increased efforts toward the inclusion of individuals with disabilities in medical education and training. Despite this increased interest and a growing number of DHoH students entering medical education, DHoH students continue to be dissuaded from specialty car...
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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yyhQRW
Hearing loss and quality of life in survivors of paediatric CNS tumours and other cancers
ConclusionClinicians should be alert to signs of reduced physical well-being and impaired relationships with peers. Especially survivors of CNS tumours may benefit most from strict audiological monitoring and timely intervention to mitigate secondary consequences of hearing loss on HRQoL. (Source: Quality of Life Research)
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Editorial Board/Reviewing Committee
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Editorial Board/Reviewing Committee
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NIH study finds probiotic Bacillus eliminates Staphylococcus bacteria
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A new study from NIH scientists and their Thai colleagues shows that a 'good' bacterium commonly found in probiotic digestive supplements helps eliminate Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria that can cause serious antibiotic-resistant infections. The researchers, led by NIAID, unexpectedly found that Bacillus bacteria prevented S. aureus bacteria from growing in the gut and nose of healthy individuals. Researchers from Mahidol University and Rajamangala University of Technology in Thailand collaborated on the project. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)
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UNC to create next generation, ultra-long-acting antiretroviral formulations
(University of North Carolina Health Care) Researchers at the UNC School of Medicine have been awarded a 5-year, $3.8 million grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to develop next generation, ultra-long-acting antiretroviral formulations for HIV treatment and prevention that have the potential to dramatically improve adherence. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)
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Glympse Bio raises $22M for disease-detecting sensors
Sensor-driven disease detection company Glympse Bio has raised $22 million in a Series A round to fund clinical trials for its technology. The Cambridge, Mass.-based company uses bioengineered activity sensors transported to the site of disease in patients to investigate biological targets such as proteases – a class of enzymes that drive critical disease pathways. Once a disease is located, the sensor emits a signal that can be detected noninvasively from the recipient's urine, according to the company. A spinout from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Glympse Bio is applying machine learning algorithms to develop a proprietary, whole-genome database of enzymes and sensors capable of targeting all clinically-relevant proteases. Its technology platform can be extended to multifu...
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NIH study finds probiotic Bacillus eliminates Staphylococcus bacteria
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A new study from NIH scientists and their Thai colleagues shows that a 'good' bacterium commonly found in probiotic digestive supplements helps eliminate Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria that can cause serious antibiotic-resistant infections. The researchers, led by NIAID, unexpectedly found that Bacillus bacteria prevented S. aureus bacteria from growing in the gut and nose of healthy individuals. Researchers from Mahidol University and Rajamangala University of Technology in Thailand collaborated on the project. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CaLAbh
UNC to create next generation, ultra-long-acting antiretroviral formulations
(University of North Carolina Health Care) Researchers at the UNC School of Medicine have been awarded a 5-year, $3.8 million grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to develop next generation, ultra-long-acting antiretroviral formulations for HIV treatment and prevention that have the potential to dramatically improve adherence. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)
MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CB3jJO
Glympse Bio raises $22M for disease-detecting sensors
Sensor-driven disease detection company Glympse Bio has raised $22 million in a Series A round to fund clinical trials for its technology. The Cambridge, Mass.-based company uses bioengineered activity sensors transported to the site of disease in patients to investigate biological targets such as proteases – a class of enzymes that drive critical disease pathways. Once a disease is located, the sensor emits a signal that can be detected noninvasively from the recipient's urine, according to the company. A spinout from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Glympse Bio is applying machine learning algorithms to develop a proprietary, whole-genome database of enzymes and sensors capable of targeting all clinically-relevant proteases. Its technology platform can be extended to multifu...
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CBvkRA
NIH study finds probiotic Bacillus eliminates Staphylococcus bacteria
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A new study from NIH scientists and their Thai colleagues shows that a 'good' bacterium commonly found in probiotic digestive supplements helps eliminate Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria that can cause serious antibiotic-resistant infections. The researchers, led by NIAID, unexpectedly found that Bacillus bacteria prevented S. aureus bacteria from growing in the gut and nose of healthy individuals. Researchers from Mahidol University and Rajamangala University of Technology in Thailand collaborated on the project. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CaLAbh
UNC to create next generation, ultra-long-acting antiretroviral formulations
(University of North Carolina Health Care) Researchers at the UNC School of Medicine have been awarded a 5-year, $3.8 million grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to develop next generation, ultra-long-acting antiretroviral formulations for HIV treatment and prevention that have the potential to dramatically improve adherence. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)
MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CB3jJO
Glympse Bio raises $22M for disease-detecting sensors
Sensor-driven disease detection company Glympse Bio has raised $22 million in a Series A round to fund clinical trials for its technology. The Cambridge, Mass.-based company uses bioengineered activity sensors transported to the site of disease in patients to investigate biological targets such as proteases – a class of enzymes that drive critical disease pathways. Once a disease is located, the sensor emits a signal that can be detected noninvasively from the recipient's urine, according to the company. A spinout from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Glympse Bio is applying machine learning algorithms to develop a proprietary, whole-genome database of enzymes and sensors capable of targeting all clinically-relevant proteases. Its technology platform can be extended to multifu...
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NIH study finds probiotic Bacillus eliminates Staphylococcus bacteria
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A new study from NIH scientists and their Thai colleagues shows that a 'good' bacterium commonly found in probiotic digestive supplements helps eliminate Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria that can cause serious antibiotic-resistant infections. The researchers, led by NIAID, unexpectedly found that Bacillus bacteria prevented S. aureus bacteria from growing in the gut and nose of healthy individuals. Researchers from Mahidol University and Rajamangala University of Technology in Thailand collaborated on the project. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)
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UNC to create next generation, ultra-long-acting antiretroviral formulations
(University of North Carolina Health Care) Researchers at the UNC School of Medicine have been awarded a 5-year, $3.8 million grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to develop next generation, ultra-long-acting antiretroviral formulations for HIV treatment and prevention that have the potential to dramatically improve adherence. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)
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Synergistic Microbicidal Effect of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides and Teicoplanin against Planktonic and Biofilm-Encased Staphylococcus aureus
Antibiotic resistance development and biofilm formation are major worldwide problems. In case current clinical practice will continue unchanged, antibiotic resistance is predicted to be the major cause of death in 2050 with an expected number of 10 million deaths annually (1). Novel antimicrobial agents are actively being developed, among which are cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) (2). Natural CAMPs are a major immunological defense line in micro-organisms, plants and animals (3). Most CAMPs are amphipathic (4), and commonly interact with the negatively charged outer surface of bacteria, causing depolarization, permeabilization and disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane (5). (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
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New attempts to improve in vitro diagnosis of contact allergy are still far from regular clinical practice
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology,Volume 32, Issue 10, Page 1627-1627, October 2018. (Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)
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Honeybee and wasp venom allergy: Sensitization and immunotherapy
JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft,Volume 16, Issue 10, Page 1228-1247, October 2018. (Source: JDDG)
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The Most Commonly Treated Acupuncture Indications in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study.
In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among 419 acupuncturists nation-wide to investigate the top 10 and top 99 acupuncture indications in private clinics in the United States. We found the top 10 indications to be: lower back pain, depression, anxiety, headache, arthritis, allergies, general pain, female infertility, insomnia, neck pain and frozen shoulder. Among the top 99 indications, pain represents the largest category; and mental health management, especially for mood disorders, is in greatest demand. The following popular groups are: immune system dysfunctions, gastrointestinal diseases, gynecology and neurology. In addition, specialty index, commonality index, and the potential to become medical specialties were estimated for each indication. Demographic analysis sug...
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Synergistic Microbicidal Effect of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides and Teicoplanin against Planktonic and Biofilm-Encased Staphylococcus aureus
Antibiotic resistance development and biofilm formation are major worldwide problems. In case current clinical practice will continue unchanged, antibiotic resistance is predicted to be the major cause of death in 2050 with an expected number of 10 million deaths annually (1). Novel antimicrobial agents are actively being developed, among which are cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) (2). Natural CAMPs are a major immunological defense line in micro-organisms, plants and animals (3). Most CAMPs are amphipathic (4), and commonly interact with the negatively charged outer surface of bacteria, causing depolarization, permeabilization and disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane (5). (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2A3ewjC
New attempts to improve in vitro diagnosis of contact allergy are still far from regular clinical practice
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology,Volume 32, Issue 10, Page 1627-1627, October 2018. (Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QIBDpn
Honeybee and wasp venom allergy: Sensitization and immunotherapy
JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft,Volume 16, Issue 10, Page 1228-1247, October 2018. (Source: JDDG)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2A2SrC2
The Most Commonly Treated Acupuncture Indications in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study.
In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among 419 acupuncturists nation-wide to investigate the top 10 and top 99 acupuncture indications in private clinics in the United States. We found the top 10 indications to be: lower back pain, depression, anxiety, headache, arthritis, allergies, general pain, female infertility, insomnia, neck pain and frozen shoulder. Among the top 99 indications, pain represents the largest category; and mental health management, especially for mood disorders, is in greatest demand. The following popular groups are: immune system dysfunctions, gastrointestinal diseases, gynecology and neurology. In addition, specialty index, commonality index, and the potential to become medical specialties were estimated for each indication. Demographic analysis sug...
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Increasing trends of anaphylaxis-related events: an analysis of anaphylaxis using nationwide data in Taiwan, 2001–2013
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially fatal, and systemic allergic reaction. Previous studies document increasing trends in incidence rates of anaphylaxis-related events in Western countries, yet little is know...
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Increasing trends of anaphylaxis-related events: an analysis of anaphylaxis using nationwide data in Taiwan, 2001–2013
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially fatal, and systemic allergic reaction. Previous studies document increasing trends in incidence rates of anaphylaxis-related events in Western countries, yet little is know...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Ec7EET
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by Dermabond in a paediatric patient undergoing skin surgery
Contact Dermatitis, EarlyView.
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Allergic contact dermatitis caused by vinylpyrrolidone/eicosene copolymer in a sunscreen
Contact Dermatitis, EarlyView.
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Allergic contact dermatitis caused by Dermabond in a paediatric patient undergoing skin surgery
Contact Dermatitis, EarlyView.
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Allergic contact dermatitis caused by vinylpyrrolidone/eicosene copolymer in a sunscreen
Contact Dermatitis, EarlyView.
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Effect of NaF, AmF, KF gels and NaF toothpaste combined with a saliva substitute on dentin lesions in vitro
Abstract
Objective
The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralizing effects of NaF, AmF, KF gels and NaF toothpaste in combination with a potentially demineralizing saliva substitute (Glandosane; pH = 5.1) being widely used in Germany.
Methods
In each of 120 dentin specimens, three artificial lesions were created. One lesion was covered for analysis of pre-demineralization (ΔZB). Treatments during pH cycling (3 × 1 h demineralization/day [pH = 5.0] and 3 × 3 h Glandosane/day; 12 h 100%humidity) were as follows: no treatment (NT), application (5 min,2×/day) of 12.500 ppm F− [pH = 6.04] (NaF-gel1), 12.500 ppm F− [pH = 7.34] (NaF-gel2), 12.500 ppm F− [pH = 5.82] (AmF-gel), 1450 ppm F− [pH = 7.35] (KF-gel), and 5000 ppm F− [pH = 8.14]; (NaF-TP) for 7 days (E1). Subsequently, from each specimen, one lesion was covered, while the remaining lesion was cycled for another 7 days (E2). Differences in integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZE1/ΔΔZE2) were calculated between values before and after pH cycling.
Results
Mean (95%CI) ΔZB was 3851 (3762;3939) vol% × μm. Except for NaF-gel2 and NaF-TP, specimens of all other groups further demineralized. Only NaF-gel2 induced a significant gain in mineral content (p ≤ 0.004; paired t test). Significant differences in the change of mineral loss were found between NT and all fluoride groups for both ΔΔZE1 and for ΔΔZE2 (p < 0.05, Bonferroni post hoc test). However, only NaF-gel2 and NaF-TP induced remineralization.
Conclusion
Under the in vitro conditions chosen, all fluoride agents could significantly hamper the adverse effects of a demineralizing saliva substitute.
Clinical significance
In combination with a demineralizing saliva substitute, slight mineral gain was only observed for neutral NaF-gel2 and 5000 ppm F− toothpaste.
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Effect of NaF, AmF, KF gels and NaF toothpaste combined with a saliva substitute on dentin lesions in vitro
Abstract
Objective
The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralizing effects of NaF, AmF, KF gels and NaF toothpaste in combination with a potentially demineralizing saliva substitute (Glandosane; pH = 5.1) being widely used in Germany.
Methods
In each of 120 dentin specimens, three artificial lesions were created. One lesion was covered for analysis of pre-demineralization (ΔZB). Treatments during pH cycling (3 × 1 h demineralization/day [pH = 5.0] and 3 × 3 h Glandosane/day; 12 h 100%humidity) were as follows: no treatment (NT), application (5 min,2×/day) of 12.500 ppm F− [pH = 6.04] (NaF-gel1), 12.500 ppm F− [pH = 7.34] (NaF-gel2), 12.500 ppm F− [pH = 5.82] (AmF-gel), 1450 ppm F− [pH = 7.35] (KF-gel), and 5000 ppm F− [pH = 8.14]; (NaF-TP) for 7 days (E1). Subsequently, from each specimen, one lesion was covered, while the remaining lesion was cycled for another 7 days (E2). Differences in integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZE1/ΔΔZE2) were calculated between values before and after pH cycling.
Results
Mean (95%CI) ΔZB was 3851 (3762;3939) vol% × μm. Except for NaF-gel2 and NaF-TP, specimens of all other groups further demineralized. Only NaF-gel2 induced a significant gain in mineral content (p ≤ 0.004; paired t test). Significant differences in the change of mineral loss were found between NT and all fluoride groups for both ΔΔZE1 and for ΔΔZE2 (p < 0.05, Bonferroni post hoc test). However, only NaF-gel2 and NaF-TP induced remineralization.
Conclusion
Under the in vitro conditions chosen, all fluoride agents could significantly hamper the adverse effects of a demineralizing saliva substitute.
Clinical significance
In combination with a demineralizing saliva substitute, slight mineral gain was only observed for neutral NaF-gel2 and 5000 ppm F− toothpaste.
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Outcomes for patients with second primary malignancy after primary surgical treatment for early‐stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Head &Neck, EarlyView.
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Transoral surgery using the Flex Robotic System: Initial experience in the United States
Head &Neck, EarlyView.
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Overexpression of cysteine‐glutamate transporter and CD44 for prediction of recurrence and survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Head &Neck, EarlyView.
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Effects of resveratrol pretreatment on endoplasmic reticulum stress and cognitive function after surgery in aged mice
Abstract
Background
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) seriously reduces quality of life and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The causes and neuropathogenesis of POCD remain largely unknown. Resveratrol, a sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) activator, is a polyphenol compound found in red wine that has protective functions in neuropathology paradigms. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a primary cellular response that activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). ERS and UPR mediate molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to neurodegeneration; however, the roles of ERS and Sirt1 in POCD remain unclear. The properties of resveratrol might be useful in the setting of POCD.
Methods
In the present study, we investigated learning and memory function and ERS pathways in aged mice after surgery under local anesthesia, and we evaluated the effects of resveratrol pretreatment.
Results
We found that resveratrol attenuated postoperative learning and memory impairment in aged mice postoperatively but did not alter locomotor activity. Resveratrol significantly decreased postoperative expression of ERS pathway UPR-related proteins and inflammatory mediators including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the hippocampus. This was accompanied by higher Sirt1 protein expression levels. Pretreatment with resveratrol did not affect the number of hippocampal neurons in aged mice after surgery.
Conclusion
Overall, resveratrol pretreatment attenuated short-term learning and memory impairment and the ERS pathway UPR in aged mice after surgery under local anesthesia.
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Outcomes for patients with second primary malignancy after primary surgical treatment for early‐stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Head &Neck, EarlyView.
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Expression of the Inhibitory Receptor TIGIT Is Up-Regulated Specifically on NK Cells With CD226 Activating Receptor From HIV-Infected Individuals
Xiaowan Yin, Tingting Liu, Zhuo Wang, Meichen Ma, Jie Lei, Zining Zhang, Shuai Fu, Yajing Fu, Qinghai Hu, Haibo Ding, Xiaoxu Han, Junjie Xu, Hong Shang, Yongjun Jiang (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Prognostic role of epiregulin/amphiregulin expression in recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer treated with cetuximab
Head &Neck, EarlyView.
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Transoral surgery using the Flex Robotic System: Initial experience in the United States
Head &Neck, EarlyView.
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C-Reactive Protein: Higher During Acute Psychotic Episodes and Related to Cortical Thickness in Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls
Isabella Jacomb, Clive Stanton, Rohini Vasudevan, Hugh Powell, Maryanne O'Donnell, Rhoshel Lenroot, Jason Bruggemann, Ryan Balzan, Cherrie Galletly, Dennis Liu, Cynthia S. Weickert, Thomas W. Weickert (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Overexpression of cysteine‐glutamate transporter and CD44 for prediction of recurrence and survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Head &Neck, EarlyView.
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2A39vYp
Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes involved in innate immunity following Bacillus thuringiensis challenge in Bombyx mori larvae
In this study, we describe RNA-seq expression profiling of larval Bombyx mori response to hemocoel injection of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Two transcriptomes were generated from the hemocytes of the PBS- and Bt-injected B. mori larvae. More than 49 million 100-bp paired-end reads, encompassing over 7.3 Gb of sequence data, were generated for each library. After filtering the raw reads and removing the rRNA mapped reads, more than 89% of the reads in each library could be mapped to the silkworm genome reference sequence. Comparison of gene expression levels revealed that a total of 133 unigenes were upregulated while 84 unigenes were downregulated in PBS vs Bt. To further investigate the biological functions of different expression genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO) and functional enrichmen...
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Air pollutants and primary allergy prevention
ConclusionIf the evidence for the causal role of air pollutants in the onset of allergies is inconclusive, one must assume that it is probably not possible to achieve primary prevention of allergies by improving air quality. However, there is sufficient evidence to show that air pollutants can trigger exacerbations of allergic diseases. This alone justifies ensuring that the existing threshold values for air pollutants are adhered to, in order to protect particularly allergy sufferers from health impairments. (Source: Allergo Journal International)
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The specificity and definition of blood eosinophil
This article confirmed that eosinophil count in circulation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was a predictive factor for exacerbations of COPD . Moreover, they tried to induce a novel type of COPD, eosinophilic COPD. However, there are some points that need to be clarified. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Reply
We thank Xing et al1 for their commentary regarding our recently published study, in which we found that a blood eosinophil count of greater than or equal to 300 cells/μL was predictive of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).2 Xing et al raise a question about the timing of the blood eosinophil measurements. In both the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) and Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) studies, complete blood cell counts (CBCs) were measured in clinically stable subjects. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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BOS is associated with decreased HDAC2 from steroid resistant lymphocytes in the small airways
Clinical&Experimental Immunology,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology)
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Effects of resveratrol pretreatment on endoplasmic reticulum stress and cognitive function after surgery in aged mice
Abstract
Background
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) seriously reduces quality of life and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The causes and neuropathogenesis of POCD remain largely unknown. Resveratrol, a sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) activator, is a polyphenol compound found in red wine that has protective functions in neuropathology paradigms. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a primary cellular response that activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). ERS and UPR mediate molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to neurodegeneration; however, the roles of ERS and Sirt1 in POCD remain unclear. The properties of resveratrol might be useful in the setting of POCD.
Methods
In the present study, we investigated learning and memory function and ERS pathways in aged mice after surgery under local anesthesia, and we evaluated the effects of resveratrol pretreatment.
Results
We found that resveratrol attenuated postoperative learning and memory impairment in aged mice postoperatively but did not alter locomotor activity. Resveratrol significantly decreased postoperative expression of ERS pathway UPR-related proteins and inflammatory mediators including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the hippocampus. This was accompanied by higher Sirt1 protein expression levels. Pretreatment with resveratrol did not affect the number of hippocampal neurons in aged mice after surgery.
Conclusion
Overall, resveratrol pretreatment attenuated short-term learning and memory impairment and the ERS pathway UPR in aged mice after surgery under local anesthesia.
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Class-B CpG-ODN Formulated With a Nanostructure Induces Type I Interferons-Dependent and CD4+ T Cell-Independent CD8+ T-Cell Response Against Unconjugated Protein Antigen
Ana L. Chiodetti, Mar ía F. Sánchez Vallecillo, Joseph S. Dolina, María I. Crespo, Constanza Marin, Stephen P. Schoenberger, Daniel A. Allemandi, Santiago D. Palma, María C. Pistoresi-Palencia, Gabriel Morón, Belkys A. Maletto (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)
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Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes involved in innate immunity following Bacillus thuringiensis challenge in Bombyx mori larvae
In this study, we describe RNA-seq expression profiling of larval Bombyx mori response to hemocoel injection of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Two transcriptomes were generated from the hemocytes of the PBS- and Bt-injected B. mori larvae. More than 49 million 100-bp paired-end reads, encompassing over 7.3 Gb of sequence data, were generated for each library. After filtering the raw reads and removing the rRNA mapped reads, more than 89% of the reads in each library could be mapped to the silkworm genome reference sequence. Comparison of gene expression levels revealed that a total of 133 unigenes were upregulated while 84 unigenes were downregulated in PBS vs Bt. To further investigate the biological functions of different expression genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO) and functional enrichmen...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2A4iJnw
Air pollutants and primary allergy prevention
ConclusionIf the evidence for the causal role of air pollutants in the onset of allergies is inconclusive, one must assume that it is probably not possible to achieve primary prevention of allergies by improving air quality. However, there is sufficient evidence to show that air pollutants can trigger exacerbations of allergic diseases. This alone justifies ensuring that the existing threshold values for air pollutants are adhered to, in order to protect particularly allergy sufferers from health impairments. (Source: Allergo Journal International)
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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QGszS0
The specificity and definition of blood eosinophil
This article confirmed that eosinophil count in circulation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was a predictive factor for exacerbations of COPD . Moreover, they tried to induce a novel type of COPD, eosinophilic COPD. However, there are some points that need to be clarified. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Ec0hNJ
Reply
We thank Xing et al1 for their commentary regarding our recently published study, in which we found that a blood eosinophil count of greater than or equal to 300 cells/μL was predictive of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).2 Xing et al raise a question about the timing of the blood eosinophil measurements. In both the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) and Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) studies, complete blood cell counts (CBCs) were measured in clinically stable subjects. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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BOS is associated with decreased HDAC2 from steroid resistant lymphocytes in the small airways
Clinical&Experimental Immunology,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Immunology)
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Sequential bilateral cochlear implants in children and adolescents: Outcomes and prognostic factors
ConclusionIn view of the benefits of sequential bilateral CI, we suggest that a second CI should be proposed to all unilaterally implanted children and adolescents, regardless of inter-implant interval and initial performance with the first CI. Further studies need to be conducted to identify prognostic factors for success in sequential contralateral implantation. (Source: European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases)
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The protective effect of metformin against the noise-induced hearing loss
ConclusionMetformin has a protective effect on noise-induced hearing loss in rats. As a conclusion, it is determined that metformin protects from permanent threshold shift in rats. It can be considered a good alternative for protecting noise-induced hearing loss. (Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
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Film Series: Watching Big Fish Next to My Mother in the Hospital
Now, this is an interesting coincidence, as I was watching "Big Fish" on Amazon Video whilst visiting my mother during her last week in this world. I was summoned to Portland by my physician brother who told me that my mother was dying. She had been ill and we expected her to pass a year ago, but she rallied and was discharged from hospice. But now, she was having another heart attack and we had decided that with her progressive dementia and renal failure, she would not undergo dialysis. We had this discussion with her before the first heart attack and she had agreed with the plan. She was lucid enough to understand the consequences of this decision. As she became progressively more demented, we confirmed with another discussion. She fe...
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Neutropenia as a sign of immunodeficiency
(Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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EROS mutations: decreased NADPH oxidase function and chronic granulomatous disease
We demonstrate for the first time that EROS (CYBC1/C17ORF62) regulates abundance of the gp91phox-p22phox heterodimer of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in human cells and that EROS mutations are a novel cause of chronic granulomatous disease. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Hsa-mir-144-3p is increased in umbilical cord serum of infants developing atopic dermatitis
Elevated hsa-miR-144-3p levels in umbilical cord serum may lower the threshold for allergen-induced skin inflammation. This gives insight in to possible mechanisms promoting early life atopic dermatitis and highlights the importance of skin barrier protection. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Upregulated P-Rex1 exacerbates human airway smooth muscle hyperplasia in asthma
P-Rex1, a Rac-selective activator is aberrantly upregulated in airway smooth muscle of subjects with asthma compared to non-asthmatics, and augments cell proliferation, thus contributing to airway smooth muscle hyperplasia and remodeling in severe asthma. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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CSF3R/CD114 mediates infection-dependent transition to severe asthma
We show that CSF3 expression in bronchial biopsies correlates with neutrophilic inflammation and Muc5AC in poorly controlled asthma and in vivo, CSF3R signalling governs excessive infection-dependent neutrophilic inflammation and mucus dependent airways hyper-reactivity in mice. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Next-generation anti –Staphylococcus aureus vaccines: A potential new therapeutic option for atopic dermatitis?
Disease severity in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is directly correlated with colonization by Staphylococcus aureus.1 An increasing body of evidence now also supports a role for S aureus in the pathogenesis of AD in genetically susceptible subjects.2 Increased prevalence of S aureus preceding and coinciding with AD onset in an infant cohort suggests that early skin colonization can contribute to the development of clinical AD.3 However, these findings only partially explain the complex role of this organism given that another birth cohort4 did not demonstrate S aureus colonization before development of infantile AD but did show a protective effect of commensal staphylococci against later development of AD. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Film Series: Watching Big Fish Next to My Mother in the Hospital
Now, this is an interesting coincidence, as I was watching "Big Fish" on Amazon Video whilst visiting my mother during her last week in this world. I was summoned to Portland by my physician brother who told me that my mother was dying. She had been ill and we expected her to pass a year ago, but she rallied and was discharged from hospice. But now, she was having another heart attack and we had decided that with her progressive dementia and renal failure, she would not undergo dialysis. We had this discussion with her before the first heart attack and she had agreed with the plan. She was lucid enough to understand the consequences of this decision. As she became progressively more demented, we confirmed with another discussion. She fe...
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Reply
We thank Xing et al1 for their commentary regarding our recently published study, in which we found that a blood eosinophil count of greater than or equal to 300 cells/μL was predictive of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).2 Xing et al raise a question about the timing of the blood eosinophil measurements. In both the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) and Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) studies, complete blood cell counts (CBCs) were measured in clinically stable subjects. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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A Personal Perspective on Mentoring
(Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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Real life treatment of Cholinergic Urticaria with Omalizumab
Retrospective analysis of omalizumab treatment in 16 cholinergic urticaria (CholU) patients revealed effectiveness in two third of the patients, especially in female patients. Most non-responders to standard-dosed omalizumab benefited from updosing. Non-responders raise the question of different pathomechanisms in these patients. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)
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