| Immunotherapy for metastatic or recurrent head and neck cancer European Pharmaceutical ReviewImmunotherapy effective as first-line treatment for advanced head and neck cancer EurekAlert (press release)Immunotherapy effective as treatment for head and neck cancer, trial suggests BreakingNews.ieFull coverage |
| Immunotherapy for metastatic or recurrent head and neck cancer European Pharmaceutical ReviewImmunotherapy effective as first-line treatment for advanced head and neck cancer EurekAlert (press release)Immunotherapy effective as treatment for head and neck cancer, trial suggests BreakingNews.ieFull coverage |
| What Caused the Intranasal Mass in This Woman's Nose? Cancer NetworkFull coverage |
| What Caused the Intranasal Mass in This Woman's Nose? Cancer NetworkFull coverage |
IgE-mediated food allergy is a growing problem with no curative therapy1. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has shown promise, but its utility is limited by reactions during treatment and a lack of sustained protection following therapy. IgE antibodies trigger hypersensitivity reactions to foods. Their effects, mediated by Fc εRI on mast cells and basophils, can be countered by IgG antibodies of shared specificity signaling via the inhibitory Fc receptor, FcγRIIb2. OIT induces only modest reductions in specific IgE antibodies but stimulates dramatic increases in inhibitory IgG3, 4. (Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology)
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IgE-mediated food allergy is a growing problem with no curative therapy1. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has shown promise, but its utility is limited by reactions during treatment and a lack of sustained protection following therapy. IgE antibodies trigger hypersensitivity reactions to foods. Their effects, mediated by Fc εRI on mast cells and basophils, can be countered by IgG antibodies of shared specificity signaling via the inhibitory Fc receptor, FcγRIIb2. OIT induces only modest reductions in specific IgE antibodies but stimulates dramatic increases in inhibitory IgG3, 4. (Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology)
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| Patients with low risk thyroid cancer can receive lower doses of radiation treatment EurekAlert (press release)Full coverage |
| Patients with low risk thyroid cancer can receive lower doses of radiation treatment EurekAlert (press release)Full coverage |
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018Source: Veterinary Immunology and ImmunopathologyAuthor(s): María Victoria Nieto Farias, Fernando Nogueira de Souza, Pamela Anahí Lendez, Lucía Martínez-Cuesta, Kamila Reis Santos, Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera, María Carolina Ceriani, Guillermina Laura DolciniAbstractBovine leukemia virus (BLV) is one of the most important virus in dairy cattle. The infection behavior follows what we call the iceberg phenomenon: 60% of infected animals do not show clinical signs; 30% develop persistent lymphocytosis (PL); and the remaining 10%, die due to lymphosarcoma. BLV transmission depends on infected cell exchange and thus, proviral load is determinant. Understanding the mechanisms by which cattle governs the control of viral dissemina...
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Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018Source: Veterinary Immunology and ImmunopathologyAuthor(s): Xiaolun Sun, Zhenquan JiaAbstractEliminating prophylactic antibiotics in food animal production has exerted pressure on discovering antimicrobial alternatives (e.g. microbiome) to reduce elevated intestinal diseases. Intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem coupling host cells with microbiota. The microbiota and its metabolic activities and products are collectively called microbiome. Intestinal homeostasis is reached through dynamic and delicate crosstalk between host immunity and microbiome. However, this balance can be occasionally broken, which results in intestinal inflammatory diseases such as human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, chicken necrotic enteritis, and swine postweaning...
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Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018Source: Veterinary Immunology and ImmunopathologyAuthor(s): Yongxiao Liu, Dongbing Yang, Shao Wei, Yijuan Nie, Xiaosheng Zhang, Zhengxing Lian, Hongbing HanAbstractAs key elements and targets for various intracellular pathogens, macrophages play an essential role in host defense. Although sheep peripheral blood monocyte-derived cell lines have been established, their phenotypic characteristics and functional properties remain unknown. We have established several sheep macrophage cell lines from peripheral blood adherent cells that can proliferate spontaneously in long-term culture in vitro. Macrophages characteristics were shaped by cell morphology, cell adhesion, expression of cell surface markers, phagocytic activity and inflammatory resp...
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Publication date: January 2019Source: Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 84Author(s): Marcia Kelly Reis Dias, Eliane Tie Oba Yoshioka, Anselmo Fortunato Ruiz Rodriguez, Ricardo Amaral Ribeiro, Fernando Sérgio Escócio Drummond Viana Faria, Rodrigo Otávio Almeida Ozório, Marcos Tavares-DiasAbstractThe current study tested the efficacy of a dietary immunostimulant additive (Aquate Fish™®) on the growth performance, and on the physiological and immune responses of Arapaima gigas. Two trials were carried out: a feeding trial for 30 days with the experimental diets and a challenge trial for 7 days, in which fish were bacterial challenge (Aeromonas hydrophila) following by 60 s handling stress. During the feeding trial, fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 6, 9 and ...
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Publication date: January 2019Source: Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 84Author(s): Chun-Nuan Zhang, Samad Rahimnejad, Kang-Le Lu, Wen-Hao Zhou, Ji-Liang ZhangAbstractp38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is an important protein which plays a key role in regulating the innate immunity, so exploring its molecular characterization is helpful in understanding the resistance against microbial infections in cultured fish. Here, a full-length cDNA of p38 MAPK was cloned from liver of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) which covered 2419 bp with an open reading frame of 1086 bp encoding 361 amino acids. p38 MAPK contained the characteristic structures of Thr-Gly-Tyr (TGY) motif and substrate binding site Ala-Thr-Arg-Trp (ATRW), which are conserved in MAPK family. To investigate...
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Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018Source: Veterinary Immunology and ImmunopathologyAuthor(s): María Victoria Nieto Farias, Fernando Nogueira de Souza, Pamela Anahí Lendez, Lucía Martínez-Cuesta, Kamila Reis Santos, Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera, María Carolina Ceriani, Guillermina Laura DolciniAbstractBovine leukemia virus (BLV) is one of the most important virus in dairy cattle. The infection behavior follows what we call the iceberg phenomenon: 60% of infected animals do not show clinical signs; 30% develop persistent lymphocytosis (PL); and the remaining 10%, die due to lymphosarcoma. BLV transmission depends on infected cell exchange and thus, proviral load is determinant. Understanding the mechanisms by which cattle governs the control of viral dissemina...
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Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018Source: Veterinary Immunology and ImmunopathologyAuthor(s): Xiaolun Sun, Zhenquan JiaAbstractEliminating prophylactic antibiotics in food animal production has exerted pressure on discovering antimicrobial alternatives (e.g. microbiome) to reduce elevated intestinal diseases. Intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem coupling host cells with microbiota. The microbiota and its metabolic activities and products are collectively called microbiome. Intestinal homeostasis is reached through dynamic and delicate crosstalk between host immunity and microbiome. However, this balance can be occasionally broken, which results in intestinal inflammatory diseases such as human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, chicken necrotic enteritis, and swine postweaning...
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Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018Source: Veterinary Immunology and ImmunopathologyAuthor(s): Yongxiao Liu, Dongbing Yang, Shao Wei, Yijuan Nie, Xiaosheng Zhang, Zhengxing Lian, Hongbing HanAbstractAs key elements and targets for various intracellular pathogens, macrophages play an essential role in host defense. Although sheep peripheral blood monocyte-derived cell lines have been established, their phenotypic characteristics and functional properties remain unknown. We have established several sheep macrophage cell lines from peripheral blood adherent cells that can proliferate spontaneously in long-term culture in vitro. Macrophages characteristics were shaped by cell morphology, cell adhesion, expression of cell surface markers, phagocytic activity and inflammatory resp...
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Publication date: January 2019Source: Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 84Author(s): Marcia Kelly Reis Dias, Eliane Tie Oba Yoshioka, Anselmo Fortunato Ruiz Rodriguez, Ricardo Amaral Ribeiro, Fernando Sérgio Escócio Drummond Viana Faria, Rodrigo Otávio Almeida Ozório, Marcos Tavares-DiasAbstractThe current study tested the efficacy of a dietary immunostimulant additive (Aquate Fish™®) on the growth performance, and on the physiological and immune responses of Arapaima gigas. Two trials were carried out: a feeding trial for 30 days with the experimental diets and a challenge trial for 7 days, in which fish were bacterial challenge (Aeromonas hydrophila) following by 60 s handling stress. During the feeding trial, fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 6, 9 and ...
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Publication date: January 2019Source: Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Volume 84Author(s): Chun-Nuan Zhang, Samad Rahimnejad, Kang-Le Lu, Wen-Hao Zhou, Ji-Liang ZhangAbstractp38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is an important protein which plays a key role in regulating the innate immunity, so exploring its molecular characterization is helpful in understanding the resistance against microbial infections in cultured fish. Here, a full-length cDNA of p38 MAPK was cloned from liver of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) which covered 2419 bp with an open reading frame of 1086 bp encoding 361 amino acids. p38 MAPK contained the characteristic structures of Thr-Gly-Tyr (TGY) motif and substrate binding site Ala-Thr-Arg-Trp (ATRW), which are conserved in MAPK family. To investigate...
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| Leslie DeGroot, thyroid specialist at University of Chicago, dies Chicago TribuneFull coverage |
| Leslie DeGroot, thyroid specialist at University of Chicago, dies Chicago TribuneFull coverage |
Today's open access papers touch on aspects of the interaction between exercise and the pace of aging. People age at somewhat different rates, and for the vast majority of us lifestyle is a far greater determinant of that rate than our genes. Until such time as the clinical deployment of rejuvenation therapies is well underway, and in regions of the world sufficiently wealthy to have tamed the majority of infectious disease, it remains the case that our choices regarding our health, such as calorie restriction and exercise, are the most reliable means of improving life expectancy. The size of the effect is not enormous in the grand scheme of things: three quarters of slim, fit, well-considered people die before reaching 90 years of age, after all. You cannot add decades to your life by mak...
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Today's open access papers touch on aspects of the interaction between exercise and the pace of aging. People age at somewhat different rates, and for the vast majority of us lifestyle is a far greater determinant of that rate than our genes. Until such time as the clinical deployment of rejuvenation therapies is well underway, and in regions of the world sufficiently wealthy to have tamed the majority of infectious disease, it remains the case that our choices regarding our health, such as calorie restriction and exercise, are the most reliable means of improving life expectancy. The size of the effect is not enormous in the grand scheme of things: three quarters of slim, fit, well-considered people die before reaching 90 years of age, after all. You cannot add decades to your life by mak...
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| Lifestyle choices that can decrease cancer risk The Daily CourierFull coverage |
| Lifestyle choices that can decrease cancer risk The Daily CourierFull coverage |
ConclusionThe chloroform extract of D. foveolatum find use as broad-spectrum larvicidal agent in the near future. It is hoped that more work would be undertaken to evaluate the utility of these plant extracts for field applications considering the promising leads given by the present study. (Source: Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases)
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Publication date: January 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 109Author(s): Hakimeh Moghaddas Sani, Sepideh Zununi Vahed, Mohammadreza ArdalanAbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a unique pathophysiologic situation that physiologic interests of mother, fetus, and placenta diverge. PE is related to the increased circulating antiangiogenic factors originated from hypoxic placenta. It is simply defined by the new onset of hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) and proteinuria (≥0.3 g/day) after 20 weeks of gestation. PE is associated with kidney dysfunction due to deficiency in podocyte specific vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Hypoxic placenta in PE patients produces increased levels of fms-like tyrosine kinase 1(sFlt-1), a soluble receptor of VEGF. sFlt-1 abrogates binding of V...
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ConclusionThe chloroform extract of D. foveolatum find use as broad-spectrum larvicidal agent in the near future. It is hoped that more work would be undertaken to evaluate the utility of these plant extracts for field applications considering the promising leads given by the present study. (Source: Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases)
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Publication date: January 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 109Author(s): Hakimeh Moghaddas Sani, Sepideh Zununi Vahed, Mohammadreza ArdalanAbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a unique pathophysiologic situation that physiologic interests of mother, fetus, and placenta diverge. PE is related to the increased circulating antiangiogenic factors originated from hypoxic placenta. It is simply defined by the new onset of hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) and proteinuria (≥0.3 g/day) after 20 weeks of gestation. PE is associated with kidney dysfunction due to deficiency in podocyte specific vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Hypoxic placenta in PE patients produces increased levels of fms-like tyrosine kinase 1(sFlt-1), a soluble receptor of VEGF. sFlt-1 abrogates binding of V...
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Publication date: December 2018Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 104Author(s): Adam ShahineAbstractThe CD1 family of glycoproteins are MHC class I-like molecules that present a wide array of self and foreign lipid antigens to T-cell receptors (TCRs) on T-cells. Humans express three classes of CD1 molecules, denoted as Group 1 (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c), Group 2 (CD1d), and Group 3 (CD1e). Of the CD1 family of molecules, CD1b exhibits the largest and most complex antigen binding groove; allowing it the capabilities to present a broad spectrum of lipid antigens. While its role in foreign-lipid presentation in the context of mycobacterial infection are well characterized, understanding the roles of CD1b in autoreactivity are recently being elucidated. While the mechanisms governing proliferati...
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ConclusionCurcumin could strongly suppress DSS-induced NLRP3 inflammsome activation and alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice, thus it may be a promising candidate drug in clinical application for IBD therapy. (Source: Molecular Immunology)
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Publication date: December 2018Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 104Author(s): Denis A. Molina Molina, Clara Guerra-Duarte, Dayane L. Naves de Souza, Fernanda Costal-Oliveira, Giovana Reis de Ávila, Vanete T. Soccol, Ricardo A. Machado-de-Ávila, Carlos Chávez-OlórteguiAbstractBothropasin is a hemorrhagic snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) from Bothrops jararaca venom, the snake responsible for most bites in Southeastern Brazil. SVMPs, such as bothropasin, are involved in the main bothropic envenoming symptoms, which include hemorrhage, inflammation, necrosis and blood coagulation deficiency. B-cell epitope mapping of SVMPs can lead to the identification of peptides capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies without causing toxic effects, therefore improving anti-venom production....
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In this study, we demonstrate how extracellular vimentin modulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) – induced activation of human DCs. Using cytometric bead arrays, we show that extracellular vimentin decreases LPS-activated DC secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12 while increasing secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Using flow cytometry, we show that extracellular vimentin does not significantly affect LPS-induced DC surface expression of MHC I (HLA-ABC) or MHC II (HLA-DR) presentation molecules, costimulatory factors (CD80, CD86), or the DC maturation marker (CD83). Further, LPS-stimulated DCs co-cultured with allogeneic naïve CD4 + T cells (Th0) induced less secretion of the pro-inflammatory Th1 effector cytokine IFN-γ in the presence of vimentin than in ...
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Allergy,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Allergy)
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Ginseng is a perennial herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, which has become increasingly popular world-wide due to its proposed medicinal effects. There are two major species of ginseng, Panax ginseng (Kor... (Source: Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology)
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Down syndrome (DS) is the most common syndromic immunodeficiency with an increased risk of infection, mortality from sepsis, and autoinflammation. Innate immune function is altered in DS and therefore we exami... (Source: BMC Immunology)
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Allergy,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Allergy)
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Allergy,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Allergy)
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Publication date: December 2018Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 104Author(s): Adam ShahineAbstractThe CD1 family of glycoproteins are MHC class I-like molecules that present a wide array of self and foreign lipid antigens to T-cell receptors (TCRs) on T-cells. Humans express three classes of CD1 molecules, denoted as Group 1 (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c), Group 2 (CD1d), and Group 3 (CD1e). Of the CD1 family of molecules, CD1b exhibits the largest and most complex antigen binding groove; allowing it the capabilities to present a broad spectrum of lipid antigens. While its role in foreign-lipid presentation in the context of mycobacterial infection are well characterized, understanding the roles of CD1b in autoreactivity are recently being elucidated. While the mechanisms governing proliferati...
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ConclusionCurcumin could strongly suppress DSS-induced NLRP3 inflammsome activation and alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice, thus it may be a promising candidate drug in clinical application for IBD therapy. (Source: Molecular Immunology)
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Publication date: December 2018Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 104Author(s): Denis A. Molina Molina, Clara Guerra-Duarte, Dayane L. Naves de Souza, Fernanda Costal-Oliveira, Giovana Reis de Ávila, Vanete T. Soccol, Ricardo A. Machado-de-Ávila, Carlos Chávez-OlórteguiAbstractBothropasin is a hemorrhagic snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) from Bothrops jararaca venom, the snake responsible for most bites in Southeastern Brazil. SVMPs, such as bothropasin, are involved in the main bothropic envenoming symptoms, which include hemorrhage, inflammation, necrosis and blood coagulation deficiency. B-cell epitope mapping of SVMPs can lead to the identification of peptides capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies without causing toxic effects, therefore improving anti-venom production....
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
In this study, we demonstrate how extracellular vimentin modulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) – induced activation of human DCs. Using cytometric bead arrays, we show that extracellular vimentin decreases LPS-activated DC secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12 while increasing secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Using flow cytometry, we show that extracellular vimentin does not significantly affect LPS-induced DC surface expression of MHC I (HLA-ABC) or MHC II (HLA-DR) presentation molecules, costimulatory factors (CD80, CD86), or the DC maturation marker (CD83). Further, LPS-stimulated DCs co-cultured with allogeneic naïve CD4 + T cells (Th0) induced less secretion of the pro-inflammatory Th1 effector cytokine IFN-γ in the presence of vimentin than in ...
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Allergy,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Allergy)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
Ginseng is a perennial herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, which has become increasingly popular world-wide due to its proposed medicinal effects. There are two major species of ginseng, Panax ginseng (Kor... (Source: Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology)
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2qqCEXQ
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common syndromic immunodeficiency with an increased risk of infection, mortality from sepsis, and autoinflammation. Innate immune function is altered in DS and therefore we exami... (Source: BMC Immunology)
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Allergy,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Allergy)
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Allergy,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Allergy)
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Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition)
Author(s): Fernanda Moreira Gomes Mehlmann, Leonardo Henrique Cunha Ferraro, Paulo César Castello Branco de Sousa, Graziella Prianti Cunha, Esthael Cristina Querido Avelar Bergamaschi, Alexandre Takeda
A patient's ability to move his/her fingers during hand surgery may be helpful to surgeons because it allows the effectiveness of the intervention evaluation and prediction of hand function in the postoperative period. The purpose of this case series is to demonstrate the efficacy of an ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block technique to maintain the hand flexor and extensor muscles motor function and discuss the benefits of the technique for trigger finger surgery.
Ten patients scheduled to undergo trigger finger surgery were selected. The goal was to maintain flexion and extension of the fingers during the procedure. Thus, ultrasound-guided ulnar, radial, and medial nerve block was performed in the distal third of the forearm, at 5–7 cm proximal to the wrist. The block was performed with 5 mL of 0.375% bupivacaine on each nerve. All procedures were uneventfully performed maintaining the flexion and extension of the fingers. In two cases, it was observed that the motricity maintenance and the patients' ability to move their fingers when requested allowed the success of the surgical procedure after the third intraoperative evaluation.
This case series shows that it is possible to maintain the motor function of the hand flexor and extensor muscles to perform finger trigger surgeries using specific ultrasound-guided distal blocks.
A capacidade de um paciente mover os dedos durante a cirurgia da mão pode ser útil para o cirurgião porque permite a avaliação da eficácia da intervenção e a predição da função da mão no pós-operatório. O objetivo desta série de casos é demonstrar a eficácia de uma técnica de bloqueio de nervo periférico guiado por ultrassom na manutenção da função motora dos músculos flexores e extensores da mão e discutir os benefícios da técnica para cirurgias de liberação de dedo em gatilho.
Foram selecionados 10 pacientes em programação para cirurgia de liberação de dedo em gatilho. O objetivo era manter a flexão e a extensão dos dedos durante o procedimento. Dessa forma, o bloqueio dos nervos ulnar, radial e mediano, guiados por ultrassom, foi feito no terço distal do antebraço, 5 a 7 cm proximais ao punho. O bloqueio foi feito com 5 mL de bupivacaína a 0,375% em cada nervo. Todos os procedimentos foram feitos sem complicações e com manutenção da flexão e extensão dos dedos. Em dois casos, observou-se que a manutenção da motricidade e a capacidade dos pacientes de mover os dedos quando solicitado permitiu o sucesso do procedimento cirúrgico após a terceira avaliação intraoperatória.
Esta série de casos mostra que é possível manter a função motora dos músculos flexores e extensores da mão em cirurgias de liberação de dedo em gatilho por meio de bloqueios distais específicos guiados por ultrassom.
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition)
Author(s): Leonardo Diniz Correa Pinto, Cláudia Helena Ribeiro da Silva, Pedro Marcos Silva e Gonçalves, Roberto José Valadares
Ultrasound-guided upper limb blocks may provide great benefits to patients with serious diseases. Patients with Steinert's disease have muscle weakness and risk of triggering myotony or malignant hyperthermia due to the use of anesthetic agents and surgical stress. The objective of this report was to demonstrate a viable alternative for clavicle fracture surgery with upper trunk and supraclavicular nerve block, thus reducing the spread of local anesthetic to the phrenic nerve in a patient with muscular dystrophy.
A 53-year-old male patient with Steinert's disease, associated with dyspnea, hoarseness and dysphagia, referred to the surgical theater for osteosynthesis of clavicle fracture. Upper limb (1 mL 0.75% ropivacaine) and supraclavicular nerve block (1 mL 0.75% ropivacaine in each branch) were combined with venous anesthesia with propofol under laryngeal mask (infusion pump target of 4 mcg·mL−1). Upon awakening, the patient had no pain or respiratory complaints. He was transferred to the ICU for immediate postoperative follow-up with discharge from this unit after 24 h without complications.
The superior trunk and cervical plexus block associated with venous anesthesia under laryngeal mask, without the use of opioids, proved to be adequate in the case of a patient with clavicle fracture and Steinert's disease. With the use of ultrasonography in regional anesthesia it is possible to perform increasingly selective blocks, thus allowing greater security for the anesthetic-surgical procedure and lower morbidity for the patient.
Bloqueios seletivos dos membros superiores guiados por ultrassom podem trazer grandes benefícios em pacientes portadores de doenças graves. Pacientes portadores da doença de Steinert apresentam fraqueza muscular e riscos de desencadear miotonia ou hipertermia maligna devido ao uso de agentes anestésicos e ao estresse cirúrgico. O objetivo deste relato foi mostrar uma opção viável para a cirurgia de fratura de clavícula com bloqueio do tronco superior e nervo supraclavicular, diminui-se assim a dispersão do anestésico local para o nervo frênico em paciente com distrofia muscular.
Paciente do sexo masculino, 53 anos, portador de doença de Steinert, associada a dispneia, rouquidão e disfagia. Encaminhado ao bloco cirúrgico para osteossíntese de fratura de clavícula. Feito bloqueio de tronco superior (1 mL ropivacaína a 0,75%) e de nervo supraclavicular (1 mL de ropivacaína 0,75 em cada ramificação) associado à anestesia venosa com propofol sob máscara laríngea (alvo de 4 mcg.mL−1 em bomba de infusão). Ao despertar, o paciente apresentava-se sem dor ou queixas respiratórias. Admitido em CTI para acompanhamento do pós-operatório imediato com alta dessa unidade após 24 horas sem intercorrências.
O bloqueio do tronco superior e do plexo cervical associado à anestesia venosa sob máscara laríngea, sem uso de opioides, mostrou-se adequado no caso de fratura da clavícula em paciente com doença de Steinert. Com o uso da ultrassonografia em anestesia regional é possível fazer bloqueios cada vez mais seletivos e possibilitar assim maior segurança para o procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico e menor morbidade para o paciente.
Source: journals.lww.com Author: Valerie Neff Newitt A measure of intrigue and discovery pertaining to head and neck cancer, spiked with compassion […]
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Source: journals.lww.com Author: Valerie Neff Newitt A measure of intrigue and discovery pertaining to head and neck cancer, spiked with compassion […]
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Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition)
Author(s): Fernanda Moreira Gomes Mehlmann, Leonardo Henrique Cunha Ferraro, Paulo César Castello Branco de Sousa, Graziella Prianti Cunha, Esthael Cristina Querido Avelar Bergamaschi, Alexandre Takeda
A patient's ability to move his/her fingers during hand surgery may be helpful to surgeons because it allows the effectiveness of the intervention evaluation and prediction of hand function in the postoperative period. The purpose of this case series is to demonstrate the efficacy of an ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block technique to maintain the hand flexor and extensor muscles motor function and discuss the benefits of the technique for trigger finger surgery.
Ten patients scheduled to undergo trigger finger surgery were selected. The goal was to maintain flexion and extension of the fingers during the procedure. Thus, ultrasound-guided ulnar, radial, and medial nerve block was performed in the distal third of the forearm, at 5–7 cm proximal to the wrist. The block was performed with 5 mL of 0.375% bupivacaine on each nerve. All procedures were uneventfully performed maintaining the flexion and extension of the fingers. In two cases, it was observed that the motricity maintenance and the patients' ability to move their fingers when requested allowed the success of the surgical procedure after the third intraoperative evaluation.
This case series shows that it is possible to maintain the motor function of the hand flexor and extensor muscles to perform finger trigger surgeries using specific ultrasound-guided distal blocks.
A capacidade de um paciente mover os dedos durante a cirurgia da mão pode ser útil para o cirurgião porque permite a avaliação da eficácia da intervenção e a predição da função da mão no pós-operatório. O objetivo desta série de casos é demonstrar a eficácia de uma técnica de bloqueio de nervo periférico guiado por ultrassom na manutenção da função motora dos músculos flexores e extensores da mão e discutir os benefícios da técnica para cirurgias de liberação de dedo em gatilho.
Foram selecionados 10 pacientes em programação para cirurgia de liberação de dedo em gatilho. O objetivo era manter a flexão e a extensão dos dedos durante o procedimento. Dessa forma, o bloqueio dos nervos ulnar, radial e mediano, guiados por ultrassom, foi feito no terço distal do antebraço, 5 a 7 cm proximais ao punho. O bloqueio foi feito com 5 mL de bupivacaína a 0,375% em cada nervo. Todos os procedimentos foram feitos sem complicações e com manutenção da flexão e extensão dos dedos. Em dois casos, observou-se que a manutenção da motricidade e a capacidade dos pacientes de mover os dedos quando solicitado permitiu o sucesso do procedimento cirúrgico após a terceira avaliação intraoperatória.
Esta série de casos mostra que é possível manter a função motora dos músculos flexores e extensores da mão em cirurgias de liberação de dedo em gatilho por meio de bloqueios distais específicos guiados por ultrassom.
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition)
Author(s): Leonardo Diniz Correa Pinto, Cláudia Helena Ribeiro da Silva, Pedro Marcos Silva e Gonçalves, Roberto José Valadares
Ultrasound-guided upper limb blocks may provide great benefits to patients with serious diseases. Patients with Steinert's disease have muscle weakness and risk of triggering myotony or malignant hyperthermia due to the use of anesthetic agents and surgical stress. The objective of this report was to demonstrate a viable alternative for clavicle fracture surgery with upper trunk and supraclavicular nerve block, thus reducing the spread of local anesthetic to the phrenic nerve in a patient with muscular dystrophy.
A 53-year-old male patient with Steinert's disease, associated with dyspnea, hoarseness and dysphagia, referred to the surgical theater for osteosynthesis of clavicle fracture. Upper limb (1 mL 0.75% ropivacaine) and supraclavicular nerve block (1 mL 0.75% ropivacaine in each branch) were combined with venous anesthesia with propofol under laryngeal mask (infusion pump target of 4 mcg·mL−1). Upon awakening, the patient had no pain or respiratory complaints. He was transferred to the ICU for immediate postoperative follow-up with discharge from this unit after 24 h without complications.
The superior trunk and cervical plexus block associated with venous anesthesia under laryngeal mask, without the use of opioids, proved to be adequate in the case of a patient with clavicle fracture and Steinert's disease. With the use of ultrasonography in regional anesthesia it is possible to perform increasingly selective blocks, thus allowing greater security for the anesthetic-surgical procedure and lower morbidity for the patient.
Bloqueios seletivos dos membros superiores guiados por ultrassom podem trazer grandes benefícios em pacientes portadores de doenças graves. Pacientes portadores da doença de Steinert apresentam fraqueza muscular e riscos de desencadear miotonia ou hipertermia maligna devido ao uso de agentes anestésicos e ao estresse cirúrgico. O objetivo deste relato foi mostrar uma opção viável para a cirurgia de fratura de clavícula com bloqueio do tronco superior e nervo supraclavicular, diminui-se assim a dispersão do anestésico local para o nervo frênico em paciente com distrofia muscular.
Paciente do sexo masculino, 53 anos, portador de doença de Steinert, associada a dispneia, rouquidão e disfagia. Encaminhado ao bloco cirúrgico para osteossíntese de fratura de clavícula. Feito bloqueio de tronco superior (1 mL ropivacaína a 0,75%) e de nervo supraclavicular (1 mL de ropivacaína 0,75 em cada ramificação) associado à anestesia venosa com propofol sob máscara laríngea (alvo de 4 mcg.mL−1 em bomba de infusão). Ao despertar, o paciente apresentava-se sem dor ou queixas respiratórias. Admitido em CTI para acompanhamento do pós-operatório imediato com alta dessa unidade após 24 horas sem intercorrências.
O bloqueio do tronco superior e do plexo cervical associado à anestesia venosa sob máscara laríngea, sem uso de opioides, mostrou-se adequado no caso de fratura da clavícula em paciente com doença de Steinert. Com o uso da ultrassonografia em anestesia regional é possível fazer bloqueios cada vez mais seletivos e possibilitar assim maior segurança para o procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico e menor morbidade para o paciente.
Source: journals.lww.com Author: Valerie Neff Newitt A measure of intrigue and discovery pertaining to head and neck cancer, spiked with compassion […]
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Source: journals.lww.com Author: Valerie Neff Newitt A measure of intrigue and discovery pertaining to head and neck cancer, spiked with compassion […]
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QiMZAJ
Source: journals.lww.com Author: Valerie Neff Newitt A measure of intrigue and discovery pertaining to head and neck cancer, spiked with compassion […]
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QiMZAJ
Source: journals.lww.com Author: Valerie Neff Newitt A measure of intrigue and discovery pertaining to head and neck cancer, spiked with compassion […]
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QiMZAJ
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences
Author(s): Amanda Bolderston, Julia Watson, Sophia Thom, Kim Meeking
The medical radiation sciences' (MRS) MedRadJournalClub attracts a global group of participants to monthly sessions to discuss selected journal articles. The September 2017 session explored the experiences of MRS professionals working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) patients. The aim of the chat was to establish staff educational preparation, how participants' organizations approached the issue, and what participants would do differently at work or at home in relation to this patient population after the chat.
Data were extracted using the Twitter advanced search function with #MedRadJClub from the 19th to 23rd September 2017. The data were reviewed and categorized for themes. Tweets related to shared LGBT resources were captured, verified, and counted separately.
44 participants took part in the September Twitter chat. After data cleaning, 127 tweets were included for analysis with a further 16 tweets sharing LGBT resources. Almost all of the participants disclosed that they had no undergraduate education or workplace training in the care of LGBT patients. Workplaces of a limited few participants had specific approaches to improve experiences for this patient population. Many participants were eager to advocate for changes in their workplaces after the Twitter chat.
There is still work to be carried out to educate MRS professionals to enhance their LGBT patients' experience and improve workplaces. Positive changes in education and a more inclusive clinical environment will ultimately improve care for LGBT patients.
Le MedRadJournalClub (MRJC) en sciences de la radiation médicale (SRM) attire des participants de partout dans le monde lors de ses séances mensuelles de discussion autour d'articles choisis du Journal. La séance de septembre 2017 a examiné l'expérience des professionnels des SRM qui travaillent auprès des patients LGBT. Le but de la discussion était d'établir la préparation éducative du personnel, de quelle façon les organisations auxquelles appartiennent les participants approchent la question et ce que les participants feraient différemment au travail ou à la maison à l'égard de cette population de patients après la discussion.
Les données ont été extraites à l'aide de la fonction de recherche avancée de Twitter dans #MedRadJClub entre le 19 et le 23 septembre 2017. Les données ont été examinées et regroupées par thèmes. Les micromessages portant sur les ressources LGBT partagées ont été saisis, vérifiés et calculés séparément.
44 participants ont pris part à la discussion Twitter de septembre. Après nettoyage des données, 127 micromessages ont été inclus dans l'analyse, en plus de 16 autres micromessages proposant des ressources LGBT. Presque tous les participants ont indiqué n'avoir reçu aucune formation, que ce soit pendant leurs études ou en cours d'emploi, suer les soins aux personnes LGBT. Les milieux de travail d'un nombre limité de participants disposent d'approches spécifiques afin d'améliorer l'expérience de cette population de patients. Plusieurs participants souhaitaient militer pour des changements dans leur milieu de travail à la suite de cette discussion.
Il reste du travail à faire pour éduquer les professionnels en SRM pour leur permettre d'améliorer l'expérience de leurs patients LGBT et améliorer le milieu de travail. Des changements positifs en éducation et un environnement clinique plus inclusif permettront d'améliorer les soins aux patients LGBT.
This study also showed that artemisinin B improved spatial memory in dementia mice in the water maze and step-through tests, and altered the pathological features and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and the cortex. These results suggested that artemisinin B might inhibit neuroinflammation and exert neuroprotective effects on cognitive functions by modulating the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway. This study provides direct evidence for the potential application of artemisinin B in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.Graphical abstract (Source: Neuroscience)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
Authors: Dias de Castro E, Carolino F, Ribeiro L, Cernadas JR Abstract Drug therapy is often a balance between the beneficial and harmful effects of drugs. Drug allergic reactions are adverse reactions mediated by immunological mechanisms and usually not related to the pharmacological actions of the drug. They can be classified based either on the clinical presentation or the underlying immunological mechanism. Although uncommon, drug allergic reactions are unpredictable and can be very severe, even life threatening. The aim of this review was to provide clinicians from different medical specialties with a working tool to improve management of their patients with suspected drug allergy. It was conducted as a nonsystematic review, and attempts to describe the complexity of drug...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QiWRdw
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences
Author(s): Amanda Bolderston, Julia Watson, Sophia Thom, Kim Meeking
The medical radiation sciences' (MRS) MedRadJournalClub attracts a global group of participants to monthly sessions to discuss selected journal articles. The September 2017 session explored the experiences of MRS professionals working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) patients. The aim of the chat was to establish staff educational preparation, how participants' organizations approached the issue, and what participants would do differently at work or at home in relation to this patient population after the chat.
Data were extracted using the Twitter advanced search function with #MedRadJClub from the 19th to 23rd September 2017. The data were reviewed and categorized for themes. Tweets related to shared LGBT resources were captured, verified, and counted separately.
44 participants took part in the September Twitter chat. After data cleaning, 127 tweets were included for analysis with a further 16 tweets sharing LGBT resources. Almost all of the participants disclosed that they had no undergraduate education or workplace training in the care of LGBT patients. Workplaces of a limited few participants had specific approaches to improve experiences for this patient population. Many participants were eager to advocate for changes in their workplaces after the Twitter chat.
There is still work to be carried out to educate MRS professionals to enhance their LGBT patients' experience and improve workplaces. Positive changes in education and a more inclusive clinical environment will ultimately improve care for LGBT patients.
Le MedRadJournalClub (MRJC) en sciences de la radiation médicale (SRM) attire des participants de partout dans le monde lors de ses séances mensuelles de discussion autour d'articles choisis du Journal. La séance de septembre 2017 a examiné l'expérience des professionnels des SRM qui travaillent auprès des patients LGBT. Le but de la discussion était d'établir la préparation éducative du personnel, de quelle façon les organisations auxquelles appartiennent les participants approchent la question et ce que les participants feraient différemment au travail ou à la maison à l'égard de cette population de patients après la discussion.
Les données ont été extraites à l'aide de la fonction de recherche avancée de Twitter dans #MedRadJClub entre le 19 et le 23 septembre 2017. Les données ont été examinées et regroupées par thèmes. Les micromessages portant sur les ressources LGBT partagées ont été saisis, vérifiés et calculés séparément.
44 participants ont pris part à la discussion Twitter de septembre. Après nettoyage des données, 127 micromessages ont été inclus dans l'analyse, en plus de 16 autres micromessages proposant des ressources LGBT. Presque tous les participants ont indiqué n'avoir reçu aucune formation, que ce soit pendant leurs études ou en cours d'emploi, suer les soins aux personnes LGBT. Les milieux de travail d'un nombre limité de participants disposent d'approches spécifiques afin d'améliorer l'expérience de cette population de patients. Plusieurs participants souhaitaient militer pour des changements dans leur milieu de travail à la suite de cette discussion.
Il reste du travail à faire pour éduquer les professionnels en SRM pour leur permettre d'améliorer l'expérience de leurs patients LGBT et améliorer le milieu de travail. Des changements positifs en éducation et un environnement clinique plus inclusif permettront d'améliorer les soins aux patients LGBT.
This study also showed that artemisinin B improved spatial memory in dementia mice in the water maze and step-through tests, and altered the pathological features and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and the cortex. These results suggested that artemisinin B might inhibit neuroinflammation and exert neuroprotective effects on cognitive functions by modulating the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway. This study provides direct evidence for the potential application of artemisinin B in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.Graphical abstract (Source: Neuroscience)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
Authors: Dias de Castro E, Carolino F, Ribeiro L, Cernadas JR Abstract Drug therapy is often a balance between the beneficial and harmful effects of drugs. Drug allergic reactions are adverse reactions mediated by immunological mechanisms and usually not related to the pharmacological actions of the drug. They can be classified based either on the clinical presentation or the underlying immunological mechanism. Although uncommon, drug allergic reactions are unpredictable and can be very severe, even life threatening. The aim of this review was to provide clinicians from different medical specialties with a working tool to improve management of their patients with suspected drug allergy. It was conducted as a nonsystematic review, and attempts to describe the complexity of drug...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QiWRdw
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: European Journal of Radiology
Author(s): Hokamp N. Große, V.C. Obmann, R. Kessner, KR Laukamp, T. Persigehl, S. Haneder, N. Ramaiya
The well-known boost of iodine associated-attenuation in low-keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMI_low) is frequently used to improve visualization of lesions and structures taking up contrast media. This study aimed to evaluate this concept in reverse. Hence to investigate if increased attenuation within the liver allows for improved visualization of little or not-enhancing lesions.
A 3D-printed phantom mimicking the shape of a human liver exhibiting a lesion in its center was designed and printed. Both, parenchyma- and lesion-mimic were filled with different solutions exhibiting 80/100/120HU and 0/15/40/60HU, respectively. Further, a total of 74 contrast-enhanced studies performed on a spectral detector CT scanner (SDCT) were included in this retrospective study. Patients had MRI or follow-up proven cysts and/or hypodense metastases. VMI of 40-200 keV as well as conventional images (CI) were reconstructed. ROI were placed in lesion and parenchyma(-mimics) on CI and transferred to VMI. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratio were calculated (S-/CNR). Further, two radiologists independently evaluated image quality. Data was statistically assessed using ANOVA or Wilcoxon-test.
In phantoms, S/CNR was significantly higher in VMI_low. The cyst-mimic in highly attenuating parenchyma-mimic on CI yielded a CNR of 6.4 ± 0.8; using VMI_40keV, mildly hypodense lesion-mimic in poorly attenuating parenchyma-mimic exhibited a similar CNR (5.8 ± 0.9; p ≤ 0.05). The same tendency was observed in patients (cyst in CI/metastasis in VMI_40keV: 4.4 ± 1.2/3.9 ± 1.8; p ≤ 0.05). Qualitative analysis indicated a benefit of VMI_40keV (p ≤ 0.05).
VMI_low from SDCT allow for an improved visualization of hypodense focal liver lesions exploiting the concept of contrast blooming in reverse.
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: European Journal of Radiology
Author(s): Hokamp N. Große, V.C. Obmann, R. Kessner, KR Laukamp, T. Persigehl, S. Haneder, N. Ramaiya
The well-known boost of iodine associated-attenuation in low-keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMI_low) is frequently used to improve visualization of lesions and structures taking up contrast media. This study aimed to evaluate this concept in reverse. Hence to investigate if increased attenuation within the liver allows for improved visualization of little or not-enhancing lesions.
A 3D-printed phantom mimicking the shape of a human liver exhibiting a lesion in its center was designed and printed. Both, parenchyma- and lesion-mimic were filled with different solutions exhibiting 80/100/120HU and 0/15/40/60HU, respectively. Further, a total of 74 contrast-enhanced studies performed on a spectral detector CT scanner (SDCT) were included in this retrospective study. Patients had MRI or follow-up proven cysts and/or hypodense metastases. VMI of 40-200 keV as well as conventional images (CI) were reconstructed. ROI were placed in lesion and parenchyma(-mimics) on CI and transferred to VMI. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratio were calculated (S-/CNR). Further, two radiologists independently evaluated image quality. Data was statistically assessed using ANOVA or Wilcoxon-test.
In phantoms, S/CNR was significantly higher in VMI_low. The cyst-mimic in highly attenuating parenchyma-mimic on CI yielded a CNR of 6.4 ± 0.8; using VMI_40keV, mildly hypodense lesion-mimic in poorly attenuating parenchyma-mimic exhibited a similar CNR (5.8 ± 0.9; p ≤ 0.05). The same tendency was observed in patients (cyst in CI/metastasis in VMI_40keV: 4.4 ± 1.2/3.9 ± 1.8; p ≤ 0.05). Qualitative analysis indicated a benefit of VMI_40keV (p ≤ 0.05).
VMI_low from SDCT allow for an improved visualization of hypodense focal liver lesions exploiting the concept of contrast blooming in reverse.
Starting from the ancient time, the people of Ethiopia use medicinal plants as traditional medicine to heal different human and livestock ailments. This ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants was carried out...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yPTIeJ
We investigated local knowledge of plants in terms of plant use shifts and losses, in two coastal communities within a protected area in southern Brazil. Our hypothesis is that people's livelihoods are associa...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OmOHzf
Starting from the ancient time, the people of Ethiopia use medicinal plants as traditional medicine to heal different human and livestock ailments. This ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants was carried out...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2yPTIeJ
We investigated local knowledge of plants in terms of plant use shifts and losses, in two coastal communities within a protected area in southern Brazil. Our hypothesis is that people's livelihoods are associa...
from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OmOHzf
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): S. Kareemaghay, M. Tavassoli
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, accounting for more than 550,000 cases and 380,000 deaths annually. The primary risk factors associated with HNSCC are tobacco use and alcohol consumption; nevertheless genetic predisposition and oncogenic viruses also play important roles in the development of these malignancies. The current treatments for HNSCC patients include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and cetuximab, and combinations of these. However, these treatments are associated with significant toxicity, and many patients are either refractory to the treatment or relapse after a short period. Despite improvements in the treatment of patients with HNSCC, the clinical outcomes of those who have been treated with standard therapies have remained unchanged for over three decades and the 5-year overall survival rate in these patients remains around 40–50%. Therefore, more specific and less toxic therapies are needed in order to improve patient outcomes. The tumour microenvironment of HNSCC is immunosuppressive; therefore immunotherapy strategies that can overcome the immunosuppressive environment and produce long-term tumour immunosurveillance will have a significant therapeutic impact in these patients. This review focuses on the current immunological treatment options under investigation or available for clinical use in patients with HNSCC.
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): S. Kareemaghay, M. Tavassoli
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, accounting for more than 550,000 cases and 380,000 deaths annually. The primary risk factors associated with HNSCC are tobacco use and alcohol consumption; nevertheless genetic predisposition and oncogenic viruses also play important roles in the development of these malignancies. The current treatments for HNSCC patients include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and cetuximab, and combinations of these. However, these treatments are associated with significant toxicity, and many patients are either refractory to the treatment or relapse after a short period. Despite improvements in the treatment of patients with HNSCC, the clinical outcomes of those who have been treated with standard therapies have remained unchanged for over three decades and the 5-year overall survival rate in these patients remains around 40–50%. Therefore, more specific and less toxic therapies are needed in order to improve patient outcomes. The tumour microenvironment of HNSCC is immunosuppressive; therefore immunotherapy strategies that can overcome the immunosuppressive environment and produce long-term tumour immunosurveillance will have a significant therapeutic impact in these patients. This review focuses on the current immunological treatment options under investigation or available for clinical use in patients with HNSCC.
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Emily Savoca, Saral Mehra, Erik H. Waldman
Cervicofacial actinomyces is an uncommon infection, especially in children. Notoriously low culture sensitivity and malignant appearance make diagnosis challenging. Treatment requires a prolonged antibiotic course often in conjunction with surgical debridement or drainage. We report an amorphous anterior neck mass in a 10-year-old girl due to actinomyces. Diagnosis required open biopsy after non-diagnostic fine needle aspirate and core needle biopsies. The patient responded well to six-week course of parenteral penicillin followed by six months of convalescent therapy with oral penicillin. In addition to a case discussion, we review cervicofacial actinomyces in the literature with a focus on pediatrics.
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Eveline Dieleman, Lone Percy-Smith, Per Caye-Thomasen
To investigate the possible association between the etiology of hearing impairment (HI) and language outcome in children with congenital HI after an early medical-technical intervention and three years of AVT.
A retrospective, two-center study was conducted of 53 patients who were divided in four categories of etiology (degeneratio labyrinthi acustici (DLA) congenita hereditaria, DLA congenita non specificata, DLA congenita postinfectiosa and auditory neuropathy). Language outcome was assessed by examining receptive vocabulary (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, PPVT-4), receptive language (Reynell test) and productive language (the Danish 'Viborgmaterialet'). All tests were conducted 1, 2 and 3 years after the children received their hearing device. Test scores were calculated from the child's chronological age. Analysis of possible associations was performed using Fisher's exact test and McNemar's test was conducted to examine possible differences between each year of testing for every speech-language test. Subsequently, univariate analyses were performed to search for other possible covariates associated with language outcome.
No significant associations were found between the etiology of the HI and the language outcome of children with HI after 1 year of AVT (PPVT, p=0,234; Reynell, p=0,845; Viborgmaterialet, p=0,667), neither after 2 years of AVT (PPVT, p=0,228; Reynell, p=0,172; Viborgmaterialet, p=0,659) nor after 3 years of AVT (PPVT, p=0,102; Reynell, p=0,512 Viborgmaterialet, p=0,580). Some significant associations were found between language outcome and the type of hearing device and between language outcome and additional disabilities, however no strong evidence was found.
Most children with congenital HI developed a comparable level of speech and language regardless of the etiology of their HI. This study highlights the interest of further research using objective assessments techniques in a larger and more homogeneous population. If the findings from this study will be confirmed in future studies, this will have a clinical and societal impact regarding the diagnostics of HI.
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): James Johnston, Holly McLaren, Murali Mahadevan, Richard G. Douglas
Children who undergo adenotonsillectomy have a range of symptoms. Some present with infective symptoms, others with obstructive symptoms, and many with a combination of both. The most common surgical indication has changed over the past several decades from infective symptoms to obstructive symptoms. However, there are few data available to differentiate these groups of children in terms of their clinical characteristics. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of children with obstructive sleep apnea versus infectious adenotonsillar hyperplasia.
Data were obtained from the medical records of two district health boards in Auckland, New Zealand. Extraction of clinical information was performed following the identification of all patients under the age of 16 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy between December 2015 and December 2017.
A total of 1538 children were included in this study. There were 112 (7.3%) with recurrent tonsillitis (RT) symptoms only, 624 (40.6%) with RT and sleep-disordered breathing symptoms (SDB), and 802 (52.1%) with symptoms suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Children with OSA were more likely to be male (p < 0.001), younger (p < 0.001), and have lower body mass indexes at time of surgery (p < 0.001). There was no difference between groups in the number of antibiotic courses prescribed in the year before surgery (p=0.7). There was no significant difference in tonsil or adenoid grade between groups (p=0.2). Children with OSA were more likely to have a diagnosis of asthma (p < 0.001) and allergic rhinitis (p < 0.001), but less likely than those with RT to have a diagnosis of eczema (p < 0.001). Children with OSA were more likely to have otitis media with effusion requiring ventilation tube insertion (p < 0.001) and a documented history of speech delay (p < 0.001). Thirty-day readmission rates were higher in the OSA (8.5%) and SDB/RT (9.3%) groups when compared to those with RT (1.8%) (p=0.03).
Children with OSA have different perioperative characteristics than those with recurrent tonsillitis, including increased risk of postoperative bleeding and need for post op readmission. Therefore, management strategy may vary according to the indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Emily Savoca, Saral Mehra, Erik H. Waldman
Cervicofacial actinomyces is an uncommon infection, especially in children. Notoriously low culture sensitivity and malignant appearance make diagnosis challenging. Treatment requires a prolonged antibiotic course often in conjunction with surgical debridement or drainage. We report an amorphous anterior neck mass in a 10-year-old girl due to actinomyces. Diagnosis required open biopsy after non-diagnostic fine needle aspirate and core needle biopsies. The patient responded well to six-week course of parenteral penicillin followed by six months of convalescent therapy with oral penicillin. In addition to a case discussion, we review cervicofacial actinomyces in the literature with a focus on pediatrics.
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Eveline Dieleman, Lone Percy-Smith, Per Caye-Thomasen
To investigate the possible association between the etiology of hearing impairment (HI) and language outcome in children with congenital HI after an early medical-technical intervention and three years of AVT.
A retrospective, two-center study was conducted of 53 patients who were divided in four categories of etiology (degeneratio labyrinthi acustici (DLA) congenita hereditaria, DLA congenita non specificata, DLA congenita postinfectiosa and auditory neuropathy). Language outcome was assessed by examining receptive vocabulary (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, PPVT-4), receptive language (Reynell test) and productive language (the Danish 'Viborgmaterialet'). All tests were conducted 1, 2 and 3 years after the children received their hearing device. Test scores were calculated from the child's chronological age. Analysis of possible associations was performed using Fisher's exact test and McNemar's test was conducted to examine possible differences between each year of testing for every speech-language test. Subsequently, univariate analyses were performed to search for other possible covariates associated with language outcome.
No significant associations were found between the etiology of the HI and the language outcome of children with HI after 1 year of AVT (PPVT, p=0,234; Reynell, p=0,845; Viborgmaterialet, p=0,667), neither after 2 years of AVT (PPVT, p=0,228; Reynell, p=0,172; Viborgmaterialet, p=0,659) nor after 3 years of AVT (PPVT, p=0,102; Reynell, p=0,512 Viborgmaterialet, p=0,580). Some significant associations were found between language outcome and the type of hearing device and between language outcome and additional disabilities, however no strong evidence was found.
Most children with congenital HI developed a comparable level of speech and language regardless of the etiology of their HI. This study highlights the interest of further research using objective assessments techniques in a larger and more homogeneous population. If the findings from this study will be confirmed in future studies, this will have a clinical and societal impact regarding the diagnostics of HI.
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018
Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): James Johnston, Holly McLaren, Murali Mahadevan, Richard G. Douglas
Children who undergo adenotonsillectomy have a range of symptoms. Some present with infective symptoms, others with obstructive symptoms, and many with a combination of both. The most common surgical indication has changed over the past several decades from infective symptoms to obstructive symptoms. However, there are few data available to differentiate these groups of children in terms of their clinical characteristics. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of children with obstructive sleep apnea versus infectious adenotonsillar hyperplasia.
Data were obtained from the medical records of two district health boards in Auckland, New Zealand. Extraction of clinical information was performed following the identification of all patients under the age of 16 years undergoing adenotonsillectomy between December 2015 and December 2017.
A total of 1538 children were included in this study. There were 112 (7.3%) with recurrent tonsillitis (RT) symptoms only, 624 (40.6%) with RT and sleep-disordered breathing symptoms (SDB), and 802 (52.1%) with symptoms suggestive of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Children with OSA were more likely to be male (p < 0.001), younger (p < 0.001), and have lower body mass indexes at time of surgery (p < 0.001). There was no difference between groups in the number of antibiotic courses prescribed in the year before surgery (p=0.7). There was no significant difference in tonsil or adenoid grade between groups (p=0.2). Children with OSA were more likely to have a diagnosis of asthma (p < 0.001) and allergic rhinitis (p < 0.001), but less likely than those with RT to have a diagnosis of eczema (p < 0.001). Children with OSA were more likely to have otitis media with effusion requiring ventilation tube insertion (p < 0.001) and a documented history of speech delay (p < 0.001). Thirty-day readmission rates were higher in the OSA (8.5%) and SDB/RT (9.3%) groups when compared to those with RT (1.8%) (p=0.03).
Children with OSA have different perioperative characteristics than those with recurrent tonsillitis, including increased risk of postoperative bleeding and need for post op readmission. Therefore, management strategy may vary according to the indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.
Publication date: January 2019
Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 196
Author(s): Julie J. Loiselle, Jose M. Knee, Leslie C. Sutherland
Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer, after tobacco smoke. While tobacco smoke-induced carcinogenesis has been studied extensively, far less is known about radon-induced carcinogenesis, particularly in relation to the influence of radon on gene expression. The objectives of the work described herein were to (a) determine if and how exposure to low dose radon-emitting rock influences cells, at the gene expression level, and (b) compare any gene expression changes resulting from the exposure to radon-emitting rock with those induced by exposure to tobacco smoke. Any potential radiation-induced gene expression changes were also compared to those induced by exposure to cannabis smoke, a non-carcinogen at low doses, used here as a smoke exposure comparator. Human lung epithelial cells were exposed to radon-emitting rock, tobacco smoke or cannabis smoke, over months, and RNA-sequencing was carried out. We found that the rock-exposed cells experienced significant gene expression changes, particularly of the gene AKR1C3, and that these changes, over time, increasingly reflected those associated with exposure to tobacco, but not cannabis, smoke. We postulate that the early gene expression changes common to both the radiation and tobacco smoke exposures constitute a related - potentially pre-carcinogenic - response. Our findings suggest that the length of time a dividing population of cells is exposed to a constant low concentration of radon (with a potential cumulative absorbed dose) could be an important risk parameter for neoplastic transformation/carcinogenesis.
Publication date: January 2019
Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 196
Author(s): Julie J. Loiselle, Jose M. Knee, Leslie C. Sutherland
Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer, after tobacco smoke. While tobacco smoke-induced carcinogenesis has been studied extensively, far less is known about radon-induced carcinogenesis, particularly in relation to the influence of radon on gene expression. The objectives of the work described herein were to (a) determine if and how exposure to low dose radon-emitting rock influences cells, at the gene expression level, and (b) compare any gene expression changes resulting from the exposure to radon-emitting rock with those induced by exposure to tobacco smoke. Any potential radiation-induced gene expression changes were also compared to those induced by exposure to cannabis smoke, a non-carcinogen at low doses, used here as a smoke exposure comparator. Human lung epithelial cells were exposed to radon-emitting rock, tobacco smoke or cannabis smoke, over months, and RNA-sequencing was carried out. We found that the rock-exposed cells experienced significant gene expression changes, particularly of the gene AKR1C3, and that these changes, over time, increasingly reflected those associated with exposure to tobacco, but not cannabis, smoke. We postulate that the early gene expression changes common to both the radiation and tobacco smoke exposures constitute a related - potentially pre-carcinogenic - response. Our findings suggest that the length of time a dividing population of cells is exposed to a constant low concentration of radon (with a potential cumulative absorbed dose) could be an important risk parameter for neoplastic transformation/carcinogenesis.
Insurers are expanding their participation in the program (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Psychiatry)
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Insurers are expanding their participation in the program (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Psychiatry)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
Insurers are expanding their participation in the program (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Psychiatry)
MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.
Publication date: 1 February 2019
Source: NeuroImage, Volume 186
Author(s): Jens Foell, Isabella M. Palumbo, James R. Yancey, Nathalie Vizueta, Traute Demirakca, Christopher J. Patrick
Current literature on the relationship between dispositional fear (or threat sensitivity) and amygdala gray matter volume (GMV) is heterogeneous, with findings including positive, negative, and null correlations. A clearer understanding of this relationship would help to determine the potential utility of amygdala volume as a biomarker of anxious/depressive (internalizing) disorders and contribute to understanding of neural mechanisms for variations in fearfulness. The study reported here used voxel-based morphometry to quantify amygdala GMV scores from structural neuroimaging data in a sample of 44 monozygotic twins (i.e., 22 pairs). Dispositional threat sensitivity (THT) was quantified using a biobehavioral cross-domain score that combined neurophysiological indicators with a psychological scale measure. Analyses revealed expected high concordance for amygdala GMV between co-twins. With respect to the major question of the study, a negative correlation was found between biobehavioral THT scores and amygdala volume – with individuals higher in THT showing smaller amygdala GMV scores. More modest associations of amygdala GMV with symptoms of social phobia, and fear disorder symptomology more broadly, were mediated by THT. These results provide insight into prior mixed findings and support the combined use of biological and behavioral measures to quantify characteristics relevant to mental health problems.
Publication date: Available online 2 November 2018
Source: NeuroImage
Author(s): Miguel R. Chuapoco, Mankin Choy, Florian Schmid, Ben A. Duffy, Hyun Joo Lee, Jin Hyung Lee
Extracellular electrophysiology and functional MRI are complementary techniques that provide information about cellular and network-level neural activity, respectively. However, electrodes for electrophysiology are typically made from metals, which cause significant susceptibility artifacts on MR images. Previous work has demonstrated that insulated carbon fiber bundle electrodes reduce the volume of magnetic susceptibility artifacts and can be used to record local field potentials (LFP), but the relatively large diameter of the probes make them unsuitable for multi- and single-unit recordings. Although single carbon fiber electrodes have recently been used to record single-unit activity, these probes require modifications in order to aid insertion and the use of these probes in fMRI has yet to be validated. Therefore, there is a need for a single-carbon fiber electrode design that (1) minimizes the volume of the susceptibility artifact, (2) can record from a wide frequency band that includes LFP and multi- and single-unit recording, and (3) is practical to insert without additional modifications. Here, we demonstrate that carbon-fiber electrodes made from single carbon monofilaments (35 μm in diameter) meet all of these criteria. Carbon monofilament electrodes modified with the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have lower impedances and higher signal-to-noise ratio recordings than platinum-iridium electrodes, a current gold standard for chronic single-unit recording. Furthermore, these probes distort a significantly smaller volume of voxels compared to tungsten and platinum-iridium electrodes in agarose phantom and in vivo MR images, leading to higher contrast-to-noise ratio in regions proximal to the electrode implantation site during fMRI. Collectively, this work establishes that carbon monofilaments are a practical choice for combined electrophysiology-fMRI experiments.
Publication date: Available online 2 November 2018
Source: NeuroImage
Author(s): Spencer A. Arbuckle, Atsushi Yokoi, Andrew Pruszynski, Jörn Diedrichsen
Fine-grained activity patterns, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), are thought to reflect underlying neural representations. Multivariate analysis techniques, such as representational similarity analysis (RSA), can be used to test models of brain representation by quantifying the representational geometry (the collection of pair-wise dissimilarities between activity patterns). One important caveat, however, is that non-linearities in the coupling between neural activity and the fMRI signal may lead to significant distortions in the representational geometry estimated from fMRI activity patterns. Here we tested the stability of representational dissimilarity measures in primary sensory-motor (S1 and M1) and early visual regions (V1/V2) across a large range of activation levels. Participants were visually cued with different letters to perform single finger presses with one of the 5 fingers at a rate of 0.3–2.6 Hz. For each stimulation frequency, we quantified the difference between the 5 activity patterns in M1, S1, and V1/V2. We found that the representational geometry remained relatively stable, even though the average activity increased over a large dynamic range. These results indicate that the representational geometry of fMRI activity patterns can be reliably assessed, largely independent of the average activity in the region. This has important methodological implications for RSA and other multivariate analysis approaches that use the representational geometry to make inferences about brain representations.
Publication date: Available online 1 November 2018
Source: NeuroImage
Author(s): I. Pappas, R.M. Adapa, D.K. Menon, E.A. Stamatakis
The precise mechanism of anaesthetic action on a neural level remains unclear. Recent approaches suggest that anaesthetics attenuate the complexity of interactions (connectivity) however evidence remains insufficient. We used tools from network and information theory to show that, during propofol-induced sedation, a collection of brain regions displayed decreased complexity in their connectivity patterns, especially so if they were sparsely connected. Strikingly, we found that, despite their low connectivity strengths, these regions exhibited an inordinate role in network integration. Their location and connectivity complexity delineated a specific pattern of sparse interactions mainly involving default mode regions while their connectivity complexity during the awake state also correlated with reaction times during sedation signifying its importance as a reliable indicator of the effects of sedation on individuals. Contrary to established views suggesting sedation affects only richly connected brain regions, we propose that suppressed complexity of sparsely connected regions should be considered a critical feature of any candidate mechanistic description for loss of consciousness.
Publication date: Available online 30 October 2018
Source: NeuroImage
Author(s): Wei Liu, Nils Kohn, Guillén Fernández
Personality is a central high-level psychological concept that defines individual human beings and has been associated with a variety of real-world outcomes (e.g., mental health and academic performance). Using 2 h, high resolution, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting state data of 984 (primary dataset N = 801, hold-out dataset N = 183) participants from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), we investigated the relationship between personality (five-factor model, FFM) and intrinsic whole-brain functional connectome. We found a pattern of functional brain connectivity ("global personality network") related to personality traits. Consistent with the heritability of personality traits, the connectivity strength of this global personality network is also heritable (more similar between monozygotic twin pairs compared to the dizygotic twin pairs). Validated by both the repeated family-based 10-fold cross-validation and hold-out dataset, our intersubject network similarity analysis allowed us to identify participants' pairs with similar personality profiles. Across all the identified pairs of participants, we found a positive correlation between the network similarity and personality similarity, supporting our "similar brain, similar personality" hypothesis. Furthermore, the global personality network can be used to predict the individual subject's responses in the personality questionnaire on an item level. In sum, based on individual brain connectivity pattern, we could predict different facets of personality, and this prediction is not based on localized regions, but rather relies on the individual connectivity pattern in large-scale brain networks.
