Emerging concepts and challenges in implementing the exposome paradigm in allergic diseases and asthma

Abstract

Exposome research can improve the understanding of the mechanistic connections between exposures and health to help mitigate adverse health outcomes across the lifespan. The exposomic approach provides a risk profile instead of single predictors and thus is particularly applicable to allergic diseases and asthma. Under the PRACTALL collaboration between the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) we evaluated the current concepts and the unmet needs on the role of the exposome in allergic diseases and asthma.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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IL‐27 Signaling Deficiency Develops Th17‐enhanced Th2‐dominant Inflammation in Murine Allergic Conjunctivitis Model

Abstract

Background

While most studies focus on pro‐allergic cytokines, the protective role of immunosuppressive cytokines in allergic inflammation is not well elucidated. This study was to explore a novel anti‐inflammatory role and cellular/molecular mechanism of IL‐27 in allergic inflammation.

Methods

A murine model of experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EAC) was induced in BALB/c, C57BL/6 or IL‐27Rα deficient (WSX‐1 ^‐/‐) mice by short ragweed pollen, with untreated or PBS‐treated mice as controls. The serum, eyeballs, conjunctiva, cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) were used for study. Gene expression was determined by RT‐qPCR, protein production and activation were evaluated by immunostaining, ELISA and Western blotting.

Results

Typical allergic manifestations and stimulated TSLP signaling and Th2 responses were observed in ocular surface of EAC models in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The decrease of IL‐27 at mRNA (IL‐27/EBI3) and protein levels were detected in serum, conjunctiva and CLN, as evaluated by RT‐qPCR, immunofluorescent staining, ELISA and Western blotting. EAC induced in WSX‐1 ^‐/‐ mice showed aggravated allergic signs with higher TSLP‐driven Th2‐dominant inflammation, accompanied by stimulated Th17 responses, including IL‐17A, IL‐17F, and transcription factor RORγt. In contrast, Th1 cytokine IFNγ and Treg marker IL‐10, with their respective transcription factors T‐bet and foxp3 were largely suppressed. Interestingly, imbalanced activation between reduced phosphor (P)‐STAT1 and stimulated P‐STAT6 were revealed in EAC, especially WSX‐1 ^‐/‐ ‐EAC mice.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrated a natural protective mechanism by IL‐27, of which signaling deficiency develops a Th17‐type hyper‐response that further aggravates Th2‐dominant Allergic Inflammation.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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IL‐27 Signaling Deficiency Develops Th17‐enhanced Th2‐dominant Inflammation in Murine Allergic Conjunctivitis Model

Abstract

Background

While most studies focus on pro‐allergic cytokines, the protective role of immunosuppressive cytokines in allergic inflammation is not well elucidated. This study was to explore a novel anti‐inflammatory role and cellular/molecular mechanism of IL‐27 in allergic inflammation.

Methods

A murine model of experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EAC) was induced in BALB/c, C57BL/6 or IL‐27Rα deficient (WSX‐1 ^‐/‐) mice by short ragweed pollen, with untreated or PBS‐treated mice as controls. The serum, eyeballs, conjunctiva, cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) were used for study. Gene expression was determined by RT‐qPCR, protein production and activation were evaluated by immunostaining, ELISA and Western blotting.

Results

Typical allergic manifestations and stimulated TSLP signaling and Th2 responses were observed in ocular surface of EAC models in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The decrease of IL‐27 at mRNA (IL‐27/EBI3) and protein levels were detected in serum, conjunctiva and CLN, as evaluated by RT‐qPCR, immunofluorescent staining, ELISA and Western blotting. EAC induced in WSX‐1 ^‐/‐ mice showed aggravated allergic signs with higher TSLP‐driven Th2‐dominant inflammation, accompanied by stimulated Th17 responses, including IL‐17A, IL‐17F, and transcription factor RORγt. In contrast, Th1 cytokine IFNγ and Treg marker IL‐10, with their respective transcription factors T‐bet and foxp3 were largely suppressed. Interestingly, imbalanced activation between reduced phosphor (P)‐STAT1 and stimulated P‐STAT6 were revealed in EAC, especially WSX‐1 ^‐/‐ ‐EAC mice.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrated a natural protective mechanism by IL‐27, of which signaling deficiency develops a Th17‐type hyper‐response that further aggravates Th2‐dominant Allergic Inflammation.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Emerging concepts and challenges in implementing the exposome paradigm in allergic diseases and asthma

Abstract

Exposome research can improve the understanding of the mechanistic connections between exposures and health to help mitigate adverse health outcomes across the lifespan. The exposomic approach provides a risk profile instead of single predictors and thus is particularly applicable to allergic diseases and asthma. Under the PRACTALL collaboration between the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) we evaluated the current concepts and the unmet needs on the role of the exposome in allergic diseases and asthma.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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An original procedure for orbitonasal cutaneous infiltrative tumor repair, using combined forehead and melolabial propeller flaps

Abstract

Introduction

Resections of cutaneous tumors in the medial orbitonasal region can be transfixing. Repairs using a single local flap run the risk of failure and that of secondary sinonasal fistula, especially in cases of surgery on a radiated field. We propose an original and reliable repair procedure using two pedicled regional flaps vascularized by two distinct arterial systems clinched together to reconstruct the mucosal and cutaneous planes.

Materials and methods

A first melolabial propeller flap (MPF) with a superior perforating pedicle was elevated and the cutaneous side was sutured to the deep plane of the loss of substance (mucosal lining). A second homolateral or contralateral paramedian forehead flap (PFF) was then lifted and sutured over the first flap (superficial plane). The forehead pedicle flap was divided at 1 month.

Results

No trophic complication or failure was recorded on two patients. The 7-year carcinologic, aesthetic, and functional results were satisfying.

Conclusion

This technique involving the superimposition of two local flaps, vascularized by two different arterial systems, appears to offer a simple and reliable repair technique for transfixing cutaneous losses of substance in the medial orbitonasal region. It could be used in the first-line treatment, particularly if an additional radiotherapy is to be performed.

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An original procedure for orbitonasal cutaneous infiltrative tumor repair, using combined forehead and melolabial propeller flaps

Abstract

Introduction

Resections of cutaneous tumors in the medial orbitonasal region can be transfixing. Repairs using a single local flap run the risk of failure and that of secondary sinonasal fistula, especially in cases of surgery on a radiated field. We propose an original and reliable repair procedure using two pedicled regional flaps vascularized by two distinct arterial systems clinched together to reconstruct the mucosal and cutaneous planes.

Materials and methods

A first melolabial propeller flap (MPF) with a superior perforating pedicle was elevated and the cutaneous side was sutured to the deep plane of the loss of substance (mucosal lining). A second homolateral or contralateral paramedian forehead flap (PFF) was then lifted and sutured over the first flap (superficial plane). The forehead pedicle flap was divided at 1 month.

Results

No trophic complication or failure was recorded on two patients. The 7-year carcinologic, aesthetic, and functional results were satisfying.

Conclusion

This technique involving the superimposition of two local flaps, vascularized by two different arterial systems, appears to offer a simple and reliable repair technique for transfixing cutaneous losses of substance in the medial orbitonasal region. It could be used in the first-line treatment, particularly if an additional radiotherapy is to be performed.

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Chukar Cherries Expands Recall of Ultra Dark Chocolate Product Due to Undeclared Milk

Chukar Cherries of Prosser, WA expands a recall on Ultra Dark Chocolate product because it may contain undeclared milk. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to milk run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

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Hiland Dairy Announces Voluntary Recall of Hiland Dairy Half-Gallon Whole Chocolate Milk

Hiland Dairy is announcing a voluntary recall of half-gallon premium whole milk chocolate that is produced at the Kansas City, Missouri facility, over concerns the products may contain eggnog that could affect those individuals that have sensitivity to egg allergens. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to eggs run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

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Chukar Cherries Expands Recall of Ultra Dark Chocolate Product Due to Undeclared Milk

Chukar Cherries of Prosser, WA expands a recall on Ultra Dark Chocolate product because it may contain undeclared milk. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to milk run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

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Hiland Dairy Announces Voluntary Recall of Hiland Dairy Half-Gallon Whole Chocolate Milk

Hiland Dairy is announcing a voluntary recall of half-gallon premium whole milk chocolate that is produced at the Kansas City, Missouri facility, over concerns the products may contain eggnog that could affect those individuals that have sensitivity to egg allergens. People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to eggs run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

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Osteomyelitis of a sacral neurocentral synchondrosis: a case report of another metaphyseal equivalent

Abstract

Pelvic osteomyelitis may occur in a metaphyseal equivalent, defined as a portion of flat or irregular bone that is adjacent to cartilage. The pelvic bone is known to have several metaphyseal equivalents and of these, the sacroiliac joint is the most frequent site of involvement. However, a sacral neurocentral synchondrosis has not been recognized as a metaphyseal equivalent, and there have been no previous reports describing this as the site of origin of sacral osteomyelitis. We here report two cases of sacral osteomyelitis originating in a neurocentral synchondrosis, another metaphyseal equivalent. We, as pediatric radiologists, should recognize a sacral neurocentral synchondrosis as another metaphyseal equivalent, especially in infants and younger patients.

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Osteomyelitis of a sacral neurocentral synchondrosis: a case report of another metaphyseal equivalent

Abstract

Pelvic osteomyelitis may occur in a metaphyseal equivalent, defined as a portion of flat or irregular bone that is adjacent to cartilage. The pelvic bone is known to have several metaphyseal equivalents and of these, the sacroiliac joint is the most frequent site of involvement. However, a sacral neurocentral synchondrosis has not been recognized as a metaphyseal equivalent, and there have been no previous reports describing this as the site of origin of sacral osteomyelitis. We here report two cases of sacral osteomyelitis originating in a neurocentral synchondrosis, another metaphyseal equivalent. We, as pediatric radiologists, should recognize a sacral neurocentral synchondrosis as another metaphyseal equivalent, especially in infants and younger patients.

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A study of the clinical characteristics and prognosis of advanced mucosal and cutaneous melanoma in a Chinese population

Immunotherapy, Ahead of Print. (Source: Immunotherapy)

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Comparison of microbiota and allergen profile in house dust from homes of allergic and non-allergic subjects- results from the GUSTO study

ConclusionIn conclusion, we found a differential microbiota and allergen profile between homes of allergic and non-allergic subjects.Trial registrationNCT01174875 Registered 1 July 2010, retrospectively registered. (Source: World Allergy Organization Journal)

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Low Percentage of Signal Regulatory Protein α/β+ Memory B Cells in Blood Predicts Development of Anti-drug Antibodies (ADA) in Adalimumab-Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Laura Magill, Marsilio Adriani, V éronique Berthou, Keguan Chen, Aude Gleizes, Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina, Agnes Hincelin-Mery, Xavier Mariette, Marc Pallardy, Sebastian Spindeldreher, Natacha Szely, David A. Isenberg, Jessica J. Manson, Elizabeth C. Jury, Claudia Mauri (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Editorial: Immune Checkpoint Molecules and Cancer Immunotherapy

Alexandr V. Bazhin, Amedeo Amedei, Svetlana Karakhanova (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Is an Enhancer of Bacterial Lipoprotein Recognition

Sigrid B ülow, Lisa Zeller, Maren Werner, Martina Toelge, Jonas Holzinger, Clemens Entzian, Thomas Schubert, Franziska Waldow, Nicolas Gisch, Sven Hammerschmidt, André Gessner (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Schisandrin B Improves the Renal Function of IgA Nephropathy Rats Through Inhibition of the NF- κB Signalling Pathway

This study was performed to examine the effects of SchB in a rat model of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). IgAN was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by immunization with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bovine serum albumin, and carbon tetrachloride. Renal function was evaluated by determining the levels of urinary red blood cells, proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr). Renal tissue and protein samples were collected for further analysis. Pre-treatment and treatment with SchB significantly ameliorated renal function of IgAN rats, which was evidenced by decreased levels of proteinuria, hematuria, BUN, and Cr. IgAN rats exhibited increased serum IgA, renal IgA deposition, mesangial cell proliferation, and inflammatory cell infiltration, which were significantly attenuated by interven...

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α-PD-L1 mAb enhances the abscopal effect of hypo-fractionated radiation by attenuating PD-L1 expression and inducing CD8+ T-cell infiltration

Immunotherapy, Ahead of Print. (Source: Immunotherapy)

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Urticaria control test might misevaluate disease control in particular patients treated with omalizumab

Since its effectiveness in H1-antihistamine refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) was shown, omalizumab has been increasingly used across the world. Omalizumab is licensed at a dose of 300 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks in Turkey and in the European Union[1, 2]. The urticaria activity, control and response to treatment should be assessed by a reliable and easily applicable tool during this 4 week-interval. Urticaria activity score (UAS) and urticaria control test (UCT) are two well-developed and validated patient reported outcome measures (PRO). (Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology)

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Urticaria control test might misevaluate disease control in particular patients treated with omalizumab

Since its effectiveness in H1-antihistamine refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) was shown, omalizumab has been increasingly used across the world. Omalizumab is licensed at a dose of 300 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks in Turkey and in the European Union[1, 2]. The urticaria activity, control and response to treatment should be assessed by a reliable and easily applicable tool during this 4 week-interval. Urticaria activity score (UAS) and urticaria control test (UCT) are two well-developed and validated patient reported outcome measures (PRO). (Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology)

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A study of the clinical characteristics and prognosis of advanced mucosal and cutaneous melanoma in a Chinese population

Immunotherapy, Ahead of Print. (Source: Immunotherapy)

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Combination Strategies to Optimize Efficacy of Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy

Mandy van Gulijk, Floris Dammeijer, Joachim G. J. V. Aerts, Heleen Vroman (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Low Percentage of Signal Regulatory Protein α/β+ Memory B Cells in Blood Predicts Development of Anti-drug Antibodies (ADA) in Adalimumab-Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Laura Magill, Marsilio Adriani, V éronique Berthou, Keguan Chen, Aude Gleizes, Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina, Agnes Hincelin-Mery, Xavier Mariette, Marc Pallardy, Sebastian Spindeldreher, Natacha Szely, David A. Isenberg, Jessica J. Manson, Elizabeth C. Jury, Claudia Mauri (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Mediates Proliferation and Migration of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis via MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway

Fang Liu, Xiao Xue Feng, Shang Ling Zhu, Hong Yu Huang, Ying Di Chen, Yun Feng Pan, Rayford R. June, Song Guo Zheng, Jian Lin Huang (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Editorial: Immune Checkpoint Molecules and Cancer Immunotherapy

Alexandr V. Bazhin, Amedeo Amedei, Svetlana Karakhanova (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Comparison of microbiota and allergen profile in house dust from homes of allergic and non-allergic subjects- results from the GUSTO study

ConclusionIn conclusion, we found a differential microbiota and allergen profile between homes of allergic and non-allergic subjects.Trial registrationNCT01174875 Registered 1 July 2010, retrospectively registered. (Source: World Allergy Organization Journal)

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Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Is an Enhancer of Bacterial Lipoprotein Recognition

Sigrid B ülow, Lisa Zeller, Maren Werner, Martina Toelge, Jonas Holzinger, Clemens Entzian, Thomas Schubert, Franziska Waldow, Nicolas Gisch, Sven Hammerschmidt, André Gessner (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Schisandrin B Improves the Renal Function of IgA Nephropathy Rats Through Inhibition of the NF- κB Signalling Pathway

This study was performed to examine the effects of SchB in a rat model of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). IgAN was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by immunization with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bovine serum albumin, and carbon tetrachloride. Renal function was evaluated by determining the levels of urinary red blood cells, proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr). Renal tissue and protein samples were collected for further analysis. Pre-treatment and treatment with SchB significantly ameliorated renal function of IgAN rats, which was evidenced by decreased levels of proteinuria, hematuria, BUN, and Cr. IgAN rats exhibited increased serum IgA, renal IgA deposition, mesangial cell proliferation, and inflammatory cell infiltration, which were significantly attenuated by interven...

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GSE102114 Differential expression of long non ‑coding RNA and mRNA in children with Henoch‑Schönlein purpura nephritis

Contributors : Shuang Pang ; Jun ZhangSeries Type : Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing ; Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencingOrganism : Homo sapiensLong non ‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve an essential role in regulating immunological functions. However, their impact on Henoch‑Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), has remained elusive. (Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus)

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α-PD-L1 mAb enhances the abscopal effect of hypo-fractionated radiation by attenuating PD-L1 expression and inducing CD8+ T-cell infiltration

Immunotherapy, Ahead of Print. (Source: Immunotherapy)

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Political Preferences of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons: The Elephant (and Donkey) in the Room

The political beliefs of clinicians and clinically-sponsored political action organizations can influence healthcare policy and patient care. In 1965, Medicare was passed as a national insurance policy for older individuals.1 The American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Dental Association (ADA) lobbied against Medicare.1 The ADA alone succeeded in lobbying against including dental services as a Medicare benefit. As a result, Medicare rarely reimburses dental care.1 The consequences of the ADA's political actions in 1965 have persisted for decades with lasting consequences for the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) and our patients.

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Political Preferences of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons: The Elephant (and Donkey) in the Room

The political beliefs of clinicians and clinically-sponsored political action organizations can influence healthcare policy and patient care. In 1965, Medicare was passed as a national insurance policy for older individuals.1 The American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Dental Association (ADA) lobbied against Medicare.1 The ADA alone succeeded in lobbying against including dental services as a Medicare benefit. As a result, Medicare rarely reimburses dental care.1 The consequences of the ADA's political actions in 1965 have persisted for decades with lasting consequences for the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) and our patients.

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U.S.-Brazil Collaborative Biomedical Research Program (R01 Clinical Trial Optional)

Funding Opportunity RFA-AI-18-054 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to promote collaborative biomedical research between the United States and Brazil under the U.S.-Brazil Biomedical Collaborative Research Program. Research areas supported under this program include allergy, immunology, and infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS and its co-morbidities; cancer; mother-to-child transmission of HIV and other congenital infections, early infant diagnosis and treatment; HIV/AIDS in relation to mental health; and neurological disorders and stroke. (Source: NIH Funding Opportunities (Notices, PA, RFA))

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Molecular and Genetic Characterization of Inborn Errors of Immunity (R21 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)

Funding Opportunity PAR-19-079 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to advance the experimental validation and functional characterization of genetic variants in coding or non-coding genomic regions that result in inborn errors of immunity/primary immunodeficiency diseases and to elucidate the molecular, cellular, and immunological mechanisms of these disorders. Understanding the genetic basis of primary immunodeficiency disorders is essential for their diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of precision therapeutics. (Source: NIH Funding Opportunities (Notices, PA, RFA))

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Molecular and Genetic Characterization of Inborn Errors of Immunity (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)

Funding Opportunity PAR-19-078 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to advance the experimental validation and functional characterization of genetic variants in coding or non-coding genomic regions that result in inborn errors of immunity/primary immunodeficiency diseases and to elucidate the molecular, cellular, and immunological mechanisms of these disorders. Understanding the genetic basis of primary immunodeficiency disorders is essential for their diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of precision therapeutics. (Source: NIH Funding Opportunities (Notices, PA, RFA))

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U.S.-Brazil Collaborative Biomedical Research Program (R01 Clinical Trial Optional)

Funding Opportunity RFA-AI-18-054 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to promote collaborative biomedical research between the United States and Brazil under the U.S.-Brazil Biomedical Collaborative Research Program. Research areas supported under this program include allergy, immunology, and infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS and its co-morbidities; cancer; mother-to-child transmission of HIV and other congenital infections, early infant diagnosis and treatment; HIV/AIDS in relation to mental health; and neurological disorders and stroke. (Source: NIH Funding Opportunities (Notices, PA, RFA))

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Molecular and Genetic Characterization of Inborn Errors of Immunity (R21 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)

Funding Opportunity PAR-19-079 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to advance the experimental validation and functional characterization of genetic variants in coding or non-coding genomic regions that result in inborn errors of immunity/primary immunodeficiency diseases and to elucidate the molecular, cellular, and immunological mechanisms of these disorders. Understanding the genetic basis of primary immunodeficiency disorders is essential for their diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of precision therapeutics. (Source: NIH Funding Opportunities (Notices, PA, RFA))

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Molecular and Genetic Characterization of Inborn Errors of Immunity (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)

Funding Opportunity PAR-19-078 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to advance the experimental validation and functional characterization of genetic variants in coding or non-coding genomic regions that result in inborn errors of immunity/primary immunodeficiency diseases and to elucidate the molecular, cellular, and immunological mechanisms of these disorders. Understanding the genetic basis of primary immunodeficiency disorders is essential for their diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of precision therapeutics. (Source: NIH Funding Opportunities (Notices, PA, RFA))

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Soft tissue reactions following cochlear implantation

Abstract

Introduction

Cochlear implantation is a boon to children with hearing loss. Rarely, it can be associated with complications. Soft tissue reaction can be a particularly distressing complication.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted on all patients presenting with soft tissue reaction post-cochlear implant in a tertiary care referral institute from March 2011 to June 2018. We graded the severity of soft tissue reaction as per the severity and then managed these patients accordingly.

Results

Thirty-five patients were included in this study. Grade 1 had 12 patients, grade 2 had 9, grade 3 had 4 and grade 4 had 9 patients. Grade 1, 2 and 3 reactions were managed conservatively, while grade 4 required surgery. The incidence of explantations increased with the grade severity.

Conclusion

Soft tissue reaction post-cochlear implant is a rare, but distressing complication. Grading and analyzing them can help us manage them in a better way.

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Soft tissue reactions following cochlear implantation

Abstract

Introduction

Cochlear implantation is a boon to children with hearing loss. Rarely, it can be associated with complications. Soft tissue reaction can be a particularly distressing complication.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted on all patients presenting with soft tissue reaction post-cochlear implant in a tertiary care referral institute from March 2011 to June 2018. We graded the severity of soft tissue reaction as per the severity and then managed these patients accordingly.

Results

Thirty-five patients were included in this study. Grade 1 had 12 patients, grade 2 had 9, grade 3 had 4 and grade 4 had 9 patients. Grade 1, 2 and 3 reactions were managed conservatively, while grade 4 required surgery. The incidence of explantations increased with the grade severity.

Conclusion

Soft tissue reaction post-cochlear implant is a rare, but distressing complication. Grading and analyzing them can help us manage them in a better way.

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Pediatric Radiology editorial board — acknowledgments and updates

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Imaging features of extranodal involvement in paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma

Abstract

Detecting extranodal disease in paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma is of great importance for both treatment and prognosis. Different imaging techniques can be used to identify these extranodal sites. This pictorial essay provides an overview of imaging features of extranodal disease manifestation in paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma.

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Pediatric Radiology editorial board — acknowledgments and updates

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Imaging features of extranodal involvement in paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma

Abstract

Detecting extranodal disease in paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma is of great importance for both treatment and prognosis. Different imaging techniques can be used to identify these extranodal sites. This pictorial essay provides an overview of imaging features of extranodal disease manifestation in paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma.

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Longitudinal Characterization of Autoantibodies to the Thyrotropin Receptor During Alemtuzumab Therapy: Evidence that the Thyrotropin Receptor May Precede Thyroid Dysfunction by Many Years

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


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Political Preferences of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons: The Elephant (and Donkey) in the Room

The political beliefs of clinicians and clinically-sponsored political action organizations can influence healthcare policy and patient care. In 1965, Medicare was passed as a national insurance policy for older individuals.1 The American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Dental Association (ADA) lobbied against Medicare.1 The ADA alone succeeded in lobbying against including dental services as a Medicare benefit. As a result, Medicare rarely reimburses dental care.1 The consequences of the ADA's political actions in 1965 have persisted for decades with lasting consequences for the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) and our patients.

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Longitudinal Characterization of Autoantibodies to the Thyrotropin Receptor During Alemtuzumab Therapy: Evidence that the Thyrotropin Receptor May Precede Thyroid Dysfunction by Many Years

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KUAhGq

Longitudinal Characterization of Autoantibodies to the Thyrotropin Receptor During Alemtuzumab Therapy: Evidence that the Thyrotropin Receptor May Precede Thyroid Dysfunction by Many Years

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KV0THh

Longitudinal Characterization of Autoantibodies to the Thyrotropin Receptor During Alemtuzumab Therapy: Evidence that the Thyrotropin Receptor May Precede Thyroid Dysfunction by Many Years

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KV0THh

Longitudinal Characterization of Autoantibodies to the Thyrotropin Receptor During Alemtuzumab Therapy: Evidence that the Thyrotropin Receptor May Precede Thyroid Dysfunction by Many Years

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KV0THh

Longitudinal Characterization of Autoantibodies to the Thyrotropin Receptor During Alemtuzumab Therapy: Evidence that the Thyrotropin Receptor May Precede Thyroid Dysfunction by Many Years

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2KV0THh

Edward B. Garon, MD, MS - Improving Patient Outcomes With Cancer Immunotherapies Throughout the Lung Cancer Continuum: State of the Science and Implications for Practice

Improving Patient Outcomes With Cancer Immunotherapies Throughout the Lung Cancer Continuum: State of the Science and Implications for Practice (Source: PeerView CME/CE Audio Podcast - Immunology)

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Edward B. Garon, MD, MS - Improving Patient Outcomes With Cancer Immunotherapies Throughout the Lung Cancer Continuum: State of the Science and Implications for Practice

Improving Patient Outcomes With Cancer Immunotherapies Throughout the Lung Cancer Continuum: State of the Science and Implications for Practice (Source: PeerView CME/CE Audio Podcast - Immunology)

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SCCM Pod-373 Preserving End-Organ Perfusion

Ranjit Deshpande, MD, speaks with Laurence W. Busse, MD, MBA, about Dr. Busse talk on preserving end-organ perfusion presented at the 46th Critical Care Congress in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Dr. Busse is an assistant professor in the Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Source: SCCM PodCast - iCritical Care)

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Antiasthmatic potential of Zizyphus jujuba Mill and Jujuboside B. - Possible role in the treatment of asthma

Publication date: Available online 3 December 2018Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Prafull Bandopant Ninave, Savita Dattatray PatilAbstractZizyphus jujuba Mill, a famous oriental traditional medicine, has been reported to exhibit diverse activities in biological systems including the respiratory system. However, a little information is available on its antiasthmatic activity. Jujuboside B (JB) is a natural saponin and one of the active constituent of fruits of Zizyphus jujuba. In the present investigation, JB was isolated from ethanolic extracts of fruits of Zizyphus jujuba (EZJF). EZJF and JB were then evaluated for anti-asthmatic activity using various screening methods. JB was additionally evaluated using ovalbumin (OVA) -induced allergic asthma in mice. Results o...

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Excessive endosomal TLR signaling causes inflammatory disease in mice with defective SMCR8-WDR41-C9ORF72 complex function [Immunology and Inflammation]

The SMCR8-WDR41-C9ORF72 complex is a regulator of autophagy and lysosomal function. Autoimmunity and inflammatory disease have been ascribed to loss-of-function mutations of Smcr8 or C9orf72 in mice. In humans, autoimmunity has been reported to precede amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by mutations of C9ORF72. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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Biological sex affects vaccine efficacy and protection against influenza in mice [Immunology and Inflammation]

Biological sex affects adaptive immune responses, which could impact influenza infection and vaccine efficacy. Infection of mice with 2009 H1N1 induced antibody responses, CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell memory responses that were greater in females than males; both sexes, however, were equally protected against secondary challenge with an... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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MARCH3 attenuates IL-1{beta}-triggered inflammation by mediating K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of IL-1RI [Immunology and Inflammation]

In this study, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated RING-CH-type finger 3 (MARCH3) as a critical negative regulator of IL-1β–triggered signaling. Overexpression of MARCH3 inhibited IL-1β–triggered activation... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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Antiasthmatic potential of Zizyphus jujuba Mill and Jujuboside B. - Possible role in the treatment of asthma

Publication date: Available online 3 December 2018Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Prafull Bandopant Ninave, Savita Dattatray PatilAbstractZizyphus jujuba Mill, a famous oriental traditional medicine, has been reported to exhibit diverse activities in biological systems including the respiratory system. However, a little information is available on its antiasthmatic activity. Jujuboside B (JB) is a natural saponin and one of the active constituent of fruits of Zizyphus jujuba. In the present investigation, JB was isolated from ethanolic extracts of fruits of Zizyphus jujuba (EZJF). EZJF and JB were then evaluated for anti-asthmatic activity using various screening methods. JB was additionally evaluated using ovalbumin (OVA) -induced allergic asthma in mice. Results o...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PlYK86

Excessive endosomal TLR signaling causes inflammatory disease in mice with defective SMCR8-WDR41-C9ORF72 complex function [Immunology and Inflammation]

The SMCR8-WDR41-C9ORF72 complex is a regulator of autophagy and lysosomal function. Autoimmunity and inflammatory disease have been ascribed to loss-of-function mutations of Smcr8 or C9orf72 in mice. In humans, autoimmunity has been reported to precede amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by mutations of C9ORF72. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2zHb0LA

Biological sex affects vaccine efficacy and protection against influenza in mice [Immunology and Inflammation]

Biological sex affects adaptive immune responses, which could impact influenza infection and vaccine efficacy. Infection of mice with 2009 H1N1 induced antibody responses, CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell memory responses that were greater in females than males; both sexes, however, were equally protected against secondary challenge with an... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Phg3Hf

MARCH3 attenuates IL-1{beta}-triggered inflammation by mediating K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of IL-1RI [Immunology and Inflammation]

In this study, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated RING-CH-type finger 3 (MARCH3) as a critical negative regulator of IL-1β–triggered signaling. Overexpression of MARCH3 inhibited IL-1β–triggered activation... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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The CD4-CD8- MAIT cell subpopulation is a functionally distinct subset developmentally related to the main CD8+ MAIT cell pool [Immunology and Inflammation]

Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional innate-like T cells that recognize microbial riboflavin metabolites presented by the MHC class I-like protein MR1. Human MAIT cells predominantly express the CD8α coreceptor (CD8+), with a smaller subset lacking both CD4 and CD8 (double-negative, DN). However, it is unclear if these two... (Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

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Comparison of microbiota and allergen profile in house dust from homes of allergic and non-allergic subjects- results from the GUSTO study

Abstract

Background

The prevalence of allergic diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and food allergy, has been increasing worldwide, as shown in a large number of studies, including the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). However, there is significant variation in the prevalence of these diseases in different regions, suggesting that there may be location-specific factors such as environment and microbial exposure affecting allergic disease prevalence. Hence, in this study we determine if there is a difference in microbiota composition and allergen concentration of household dust collected from the homes of non-allergic and allergic subjects from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort.

Methods

From the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort, 25 allergic subjects and 25 non-allergic subjects were selected at the year 5.5 follow up. Definitions of allergic outcomes were standardized in the questionnaires administered at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months to ensure consistency during interviews and home visits. Allergen sensitization was determined by skin prick testing (SPT) at 18, 36 and 60 months. Dust samples were collected from the subject's bed, sofa, and play area. DNA extraction was carried out and V3-V4 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. Protein extraction was performed and allergens assayed by using multiplex assay and ELISA.

Results

The most abundant phyla in house dust were Actinobacteria (29.8%), Firmicutes (27.7%), and Proteobacteria (22.4%). Although there were no differences in bacteria abundance and diversity between house dust samples of allergic and non-allergic subjects, the relative abundance of Anaplasmataceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Leptospiraceae were significantly higher in dust samples of allergic subjects as compared to non-allergic subjects in 2 or more locations. The concentration of Der p 1 was significantly lower in bed dust samples of allergic subjects (Median [Interquartile range], 174 ng/g [115–299 ng/g]) as compared to non-allergic subjects (309 ng/g [201–400 ng/g]; P < 0.05). The concentration of tropomyosin was significantly higher in sofa dust samples of allergic subjects (175 ng/g [145–284 ng/g] as compared to non-allergic subjects (116 ng/g [52.8–170 ng/g]; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In conclusion, we found a differential microbiota and allergen profile between homes of allergic and non-allergic subjects.

Trial registration

NCT01174875 Registered 1 July 2010, retrospectively registered.

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Comparison of microbiota and allergen profile in house dust from homes of allergic and non-allergic subjects- results from the GUSTO study

Abstract

Background

The prevalence of allergic diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and food allergy, has been increasing worldwide, as shown in a large number of studies, including the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). However, there is significant variation in the prevalence of these diseases in different regions, suggesting that there may be location-specific factors such as environment and microbial exposure affecting allergic disease prevalence. Hence, in this study we determine if there is a difference in microbiota composition and allergen concentration of household dust collected from the homes of non-allergic and allergic subjects from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort.

Methods

From the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort, 25 allergic subjects and 25 non-allergic subjects were selected at the year 5.5 follow up. Definitions of allergic outcomes were standardized in the questionnaires administered at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months to ensure consistency during interviews and home visits. Allergen sensitization was determined by skin prick testing (SPT) at 18, 36 and 60 months. Dust samples were collected from the subject's bed, sofa, and play area. DNA extraction was carried out and V3-V4 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. Protein extraction was performed and allergens assayed by using multiplex assay and ELISA.

Results

The most abundant phyla in house dust were Actinobacteria (29.8%), Firmicutes (27.7%), and Proteobacteria (22.4%). Although there were no differences in bacteria abundance and diversity between house dust samples of allergic and non-allergic subjects, the relative abundance of Anaplasmataceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Leptospiraceae were significantly higher in dust samples of allergic subjects as compared to non-allergic subjects in 2 or more locations. The concentration of Der p 1 was significantly lower in bed dust samples of allergic subjects (Median [Interquartile range], 174 ng/g [115–299 ng/g]) as compared to non-allergic subjects (309 ng/g [201–400 ng/g]; P < 0.05). The concentration of tropomyosin was significantly higher in sofa dust samples of allergic subjects (175 ng/g [145–284 ng/g] as compared to non-allergic subjects (116 ng/g [52.8–170 ng/g]; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In conclusion, we found a differential microbiota and allergen profile between homes of allergic and non-allergic subjects.

Trial registration

NCT01174875 Registered 1 July 2010, retrospectively registered.

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Chemical analysis of in vivo –irradiated dentine of head and neck cancer patients by ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of in vivo radiotherapy on the chemical properties of human dentine by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman analysis.

Materials and methods

Chemical composition was evaluated comparing control and irradiated group (n = 8). Irradiated teeth were obtained from radiotherapy patients subjected to fractionated X-ray radiation of 1.8 Gy daily totaling 72 Gy. The teeth were sectioned according to the type of dentine (crown or root dentine), obtaining 3-mm dentine cervical slices. The analyzed parameters by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies were mineral/matrix ratio (M:M), carbonate/mineral ratio (C:M), amide I/amide III ratio, and amide I/CH₂ ratio. Raman also calculated the phosphate and carbonate crystallinity.

Results

FTIR revealed that M:M had a decrease in both factors (p = 0.008; p = 0.043, respectively) and root dentine showed a lower C:M in the irradiated group (p = 0.003). Raman revealed a higher phosphate crystallinity and a lower carbonate crystallinity in crown dentine of irradiated group (p = 0.021; p = 0.039). For amide I/amide III, the irradiated showed a lower ratio when compared to the control group (FTIR p = 0.002; Raman p = 0.017). For amide I/CH₂, the root dentine showed a higher ratio than the crown dentine in both methods (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Radiotherapy altered the chemical composition of human dentine. The exchange of phosphate-carbonate ions in the hydroxyapatite and higher concentration of organic components was found after radiotherapy.

Clinical relevance

The increased risk of radiation-related caries in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy is due not only to salivary, dietary, and microbiological changes but also to changes in tooth chemical composition.

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Chemical analysis of in vivo –irradiated dentine of head and neck cancer patients by ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of in vivo radiotherapy on the chemical properties of human dentine by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman analysis.

Materials and methods

Chemical composition was evaluated comparing control and irradiated group (n = 8). Irradiated teeth were obtained from radiotherapy patients subjected to fractionated X-ray radiation of 1.8 Gy daily totaling 72 Gy. The teeth were sectioned according to the type of dentine (crown or root dentine), obtaining 3-mm dentine cervical slices. The analyzed parameters by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies were mineral/matrix ratio (M:M), carbonate/mineral ratio (C:M), amide I/amide III ratio, and amide I/CH₂ ratio. Raman also calculated the phosphate and carbonate crystallinity.

Results

FTIR revealed that M:M had a decrease in both factors (p = 0.008; p = 0.043, respectively) and root dentine showed a lower C:M in the irradiated group (p = 0.003). Raman revealed a higher phosphate crystallinity and a lower carbonate crystallinity in crown dentine of irradiated group (p = 0.021; p = 0.039). For amide I/amide III, the irradiated showed a lower ratio when compared to the control group (FTIR p = 0.002; Raman p = 0.017). For amide I/CH₂, the root dentine showed a higher ratio than the crown dentine in both methods (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Radiotherapy altered the chemical composition of human dentine. The exchange of phosphate-carbonate ions in the hydroxyapatite and higher concentration of organic components was found after radiotherapy.

Clinical relevance

The increased risk of radiation-related caries in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy is due not only to salivary, dietary, and microbiological changes but also to changes in tooth chemical composition.

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FDA Wants to Change the De Novo Pathway

Last week, FDA revealed plans to modernize the 510(k) clearance pathway, which was adopted in 1976 and now accounts for the majority of medical devices the agency reviews. This week, the agency has turned its attention to the de novo pathway for medical devices. The de novo pathway is used for the review of novel, low to moderate risk devices for which general controls, or general and special controls, provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness, but for which there is no existing predicate to use to determine substantial equivalence. According to FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, MD, the de novo pathway for novel medical devices allows the agency to review new technologies so that patients have timely access to safe and effective devices t...

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FDA Wants to Change the De Novo Pathway

Last week, FDA revealed plans to modernize the 510(k) clearance pathway, which was adopted in 1976 and now accounts for the majority of medical devices the agency reviews. This week, the agency has turned its attention to the de novo pathway for medical devices. The de novo pathway is used for the review of novel, low to moderate risk devices for which general controls, or general and special controls, provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness, but for which there is no existing predicate to use to determine substantial equivalence. According to FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, MD, the de novo pathway for novel medical devices allows the agency to review new technologies so that patients have timely access to safe and effective devices t...

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FDA Wants to Change the De Novo Pathway

Last week, FDA revealed plans to modernize the 510(k) clearance pathway, which was adopted in 1976 and now accounts for the majority of medical devices the agency reviews. This week, the agency has turned its attention to the de novo pathway for medical devices. The de novo pathway is used for the review of novel, low to moderate risk devices for which general controls, or general and special controls, provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness, but for which there is no existing predicate to use to determine substantial equivalence. According to FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, MD, the de novo pathway for novel medical devices allows the agency to review new technologies so that patients have timely access to safe and effective devices t...

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Nasal nitric oxide in the inferior turbinate surface decreases with intranasal steroids in allergic rhinitis: A prospective study

It remains controversial whether nasal nitric oxide (NO) serves as a reliable parameter to evaluate treatment efficacy in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). The measurement of local nasal NO levels has been shown to be a sensitive marker for the diagnosis of symptomatic AR patients. Here we assessed the applicability of nasal NO to evaluations of the efficacy of intranasal steroids (INS) in a prospective design.

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Recombinant Staphylococcal Antigen-F (r-ScaF), a novel vaccine candidate against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection: Potency and efficacy studies

Publication date: Available online 3 December 2018Source: Microbial PathogenesisAuthor(s): Peyman Avakh Majelan, Mehdi Mahdavi, Mohammad Hossein Yazdi, Elaheh Salimi, Mohammad Reza PourmandAbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a human commensal and pathogen, its clinical importance is exacerbated by the spread of multi-drug resistant strains. The potential future failure of antibiotic therapy necessitates the development of novel control regimes, including new immunotherapeutic approaches. S. aureus has a large repertoire of surface components with potential for immunological targeting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel member of staphylococcal conserved antigen family (ScaF) as a factor to elicit cellular and humoral immunity. To determine the ScaF potential as a va...

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Tuning Natural Killer Cell Anti-multiple Myeloma Reactivity by Targeting Inhibitory Signaling via KIR and NKG2A

Niken M. Mahaweni, Femke A. I. Ehlers, Gerard M. J. Bos, Lotte Wieten (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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TCR and CD28 Concomitant Stimulation Elicits a Distinctive Calcium Response in Naive T Cells

Fan Xia, Cheng-Rui Qian, Zhou Xun, Yannick Hamon, Anne-Marie Sartre, Anthony Formisano, S ébastien Mailfert, Marie-Claire Phelipot, Cyrille Billaudeau, Sébastien Jaeger, Jacques A. Nunès, Xiao-Jun Guo, Hai-Tao He (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Cannabinoid 2 receptor attenuates inflammation during skin wound healing by inhibiting M1 macrophages rather than activating M2 macrophages

The anti-inflammatory properties of the cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) in injury and inflammatory diseases have been widely substantiated. Specifically, the anti-inflammatory effect of CB2R may be achieved by r... (Source: Journal of Inflammation)

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Assessment of taste functions in allergic rhinitis patients undergoing allergen-specific immunotherapy

ConclusionSubcutaneous allergen immunotherapy resulted in more of an improvement in taste function than intranasal steroids. Further studies are needed. (Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)

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Circadian Expression of Migratory Factors Establishes Lineage-Specific Signatures that Guide the Homing of Leukocyte Subsets to Tissues

Leukocytes continuously circulate throughout the body. He et  al. demonstrate that trafficking patterns of major leukocyte subsets occur in a rhythmic manner dependent on the time-of-day-dependent expression of lineage- and tissue-specific factors. This influences the inflammatory response and leukemic tumor burden and translates to the migration behavior of human primary lymphocytes. (Source: Immunity)

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Issue Information

International Forum of Allergy&Rhinology, Volume 8, Issue 12, Page 1363-1365, December 2018. (Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology)

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Defining quality in chronic rhinosinusitis management

International Forum of Allergy&Rhinology, Volume 8, Issue 12, Page 1367-1368, December 2018. (Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology)

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Science in endoscopic cranial base, rhinology, and allergy

International Forum of Allergy&Rhinology, EarlyView. (Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology)

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Nasal nitric oxide in the inferior turbinate surface decreases with intranasal steroids in allergic rhinitis: A prospective study

It remains controversial whether nasal nitric oxide (NO) serves as a reliable parameter to evaluate treatment efficacy in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). The measurement of local nasal NO levels has been shown to be a sensitive marker for the diagnosis of symptomatic AR patients. Here we assessed the applicability of nasal NO to evaluations of the efficacy of intranasal steroids (INS) in a prospective design.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BREd7V

Recombinant Staphylococcal Antigen-F (r-ScaF), a novel vaccine candidate against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection: Potency and efficacy studies

Publication date: Available online 3 December 2018Source: Microbial PathogenesisAuthor(s): Peyman Avakh Majelan, Mehdi Mahdavi, Mohammad Hossein Yazdi, Elaheh Salimi, Mohammad Reza PourmandAbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a human commensal and pathogen, its clinical importance is exacerbated by the spread of multi-drug resistant strains. The potential future failure of antibiotic therapy necessitates the development of novel control regimes, including new immunotherapeutic approaches. S. aureus has a large repertoire of surface components with potential for immunological targeting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel member of staphylococcal conserved antigen family (ScaF) as a factor to elicit cellular and humoral immunity. To determine the ScaF potential as a va...

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Different frequencies of memory B-cells induced by tetanus, botulinum, and heat-labile toxin binding domains

Publication date: Available online 4 December 2018Source: Microbial PathogenesisAuthor(s): Ehsan Rezaie, Hekmat Nekoie, Ali Miri, Gholamreza Oulad, Ali Ahmadi, Mojtaba Saadati, Mahmood Bozorgmehr, Marzieh Ebrahimi, Jafar SalimianAbstractAlong with robust immunogenicity, an ideal vaccine candidate should be able to produce a long lasting protection. In this regard, the frequency of memory B-cells is possibly an important factor in memory B-cell persistency and duration of immunological memory. On this basis, binding domains of tetanus toxin (HcT), botulinum type A1 toxin (HcA), and heat-labile toxin (LTB) were selected as antigen models that induced long-term, midterm and short-term immune memory, respectively. In the present study, the frequency of total memory B-cells after immunization w...

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TCR and CD28 Concomitant Stimulation Elicits a Distinctive Calcium Response in Naive T Cells

Fan Xia, Cheng-Rui Qian, Zhou Xun, Yannick Hamon, Anne-Marie Sartre, Anthony Formisano, S ébastien Mailfert, Marie-Claire Phelipot, Cyrille Billaudeau, Sébastien Jaeger, Jacques A. Nunès, Xiao-Jun Guo, Hai-Tao He (Source: Frontiers in Immunology)

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Cannabinoid 2 receptor attenuates inflammation during skin wound healing by inhibiting M1 macrophages rather than activating M2 macrophages

The anti-inflammatory properties of the cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) in injury and inflammatory diseases have been widely substantiated. Specifically, the anti-inflammatory effect of CB2R may be achieved by r... (Source: Journal of Inflammation)

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Assessment of taste functions in allergic rhinitis patients undergoing allergen-specific immunotherapy

ConclusionSubcutaneous allergen immunotherapy resulted in more of an improvement in taste function than intranasal steroids. Further studies are needed. (Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)

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Circadian Expression of Migratory Factors Establishes Lineage-Specific Signatures that Guide the Homing of Leukocyte Subsets to Tissues

Leukocytes continuously circulate throughout the body. He et  al. demonstrate that trafficking patterns of major leukocyte subsets occur in a rhythmic manner dependent on the time-of-day-dependent expression of lineage- and tissue-specific factors. This influences the inflammatory response and leukemic tumor burden and translates to the migration behavior of human primary lymphocytes. (Source: Immunity)

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Issue Information

International Forum of Allergy&Rhinology, Volume 8, Issue 12, Page 1363-1365, December 2018. (Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology)

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Defining quality in chronic rhinosinusitis management

International Forum of Allergy&Rhinology, Volume 8, Issue 12, Page 1367-1368, December 2018. (Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology)

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Science in endoscopic cranial base, rhinology, and allergy

International Forum of Allergy&Rhinology, EarlyView. (Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology)

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Economic Analysis of a Three-Arm RCT Exploring the Delivery of Intensive, Prophylactic Swallowing Therapy to Patients with Head and Neck Cancer During (Chemo)Radiotherapy

This study investigated the clinical and patient-attributable costs of delivering an intensive, prophylactic swallowing therapy protocol via a new telepractice application "SwallowIT" as compared to clinician-directed FTF therapy and independent patient self-directed therapy. Patients (n = 79) with oropharyngeal HNC receiving definitive (C)RT were randomised to receive therapy via a: clinician-directed (n = 26), patient-directed (n = 27), orSwallowIT-assisted (n = 26) model of care. Data pertaining to health service costs (service time, consumables, therapy resources), patient-attributable costs (travel and wages) and patient-reported health-related quality of life (QoL) (AQoL-6D) were collected.SwallowIT provided a cost-efficient model of care when compared to the clin...

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Economic Analysis of a Three-Arm RCT Exploring the Delivery of Intensive, Prophylactic Swallowing Therapy to Patients with Head and Neck Cancer During (Chemo)Radiotherapy

This study investigated the clinical and patient-attributable costs of delivering an intensive, prophylactic swallowing therapy protocol via a new telepractice application "SwallowIT" as compared to clinician-directed FTF therapy and independent patient self-directed therapy. Patients (n = 79) with oropharyngeal HNC receiving definitive (C)RT were randomised to receive therapy via a: clinician-directed (n = 26), patient-directed (n = 27), orSwallowIT-assisted (n = 26) model of care. Data pertaining to health service costs (service time, consumables, therapy resources), patient-attributable costs (travel and wages) and patient-reported health-related quality of life (QoL) (AQoL-6D) were collected.SwallowIT provided a cost-efficient model of care when compared to the clin...

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Australian doctor helps restore cancer patient’s jaw using 3D printed mandible

Source: neoskosmos.com Author: staff Anelia Myburgh, a 31-year-old woman from Melbourne who lost most over her upper jaw and teeth to cancer […]

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Australian doctor helps restore cancer patient’s jaw using 3D printed mandible

Source: neoskosmos.com Author: staff Anelia Myburgh, a 31-year-old woman from Melbourne who lost most over her upper jaw and teeth to cancer […]

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A purple patch for a power problem

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Thoracic epidural hematoma

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Modeling and Enhancement of Piezoelectric Accelerometer Relative Sensitivity

Abstract

The piezoelectric accelerometer is an electronic instrument based on the direct effect of the piezoelectric material, this device is widely used in the industries to monitor and detect defects of rotating machines in an early stage. In this paper, a thorough study of the piezoelectric accelerometer is carried out to understand its design and operation principle. A mathematical model of the accelerometer is developed based on Newton motion law then a new relative sensitivity equation in function of measurement error is extracted. This new equation has allowed a significant reduction in the measurement error, a maximum improvement in the precision and an optimization of the piezoelectric accelerometer relative sensitivity by the appropriate choice of damping rate. These improvements have optimized the accelerometer parameters and performances.

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A purple patch for a power problem

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Thoracic epidural hematoma

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Modeling and Enhancement of Piezoelectric Accelerometer Relative Sensitivity

Abstract

The piezoelectric accelerometer is an electronic instrument based on the direct effect of the piezoelectric material, this device is widely used in the industries to monitor and detect defects of rotating machines in an early stage. In this paper, a thorough study of the piezoelectric accelerometer is carried out to understand its design and operation principle. A mathematical model of the accelerometer is developed based on Newton motion law then a new relative sensitivity equation in function of measurement error is extracted. This new equation has allowed a significant reduction in the measurement error, a maximum improvement in the precision and an optimization of the piezoelectric accelerometer relative sensitivity by the appropriate choice of damping rate. These improvements have optimized the accelerometer parameters and performances.

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Comparison of clinical outcomes of treatment of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint between conventional and ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis

Patients with disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) who do not respond to non-operative treatment may require invasive procedures such as arthrocentesis and arthroscopy. We divided 80 patients with dysfunction of the TMJ into two groups: a control group who were treated by conventional arthrocentesis, and an experimental group who were treated by ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis. Both groups were monitored three days, one week, and one month postoperatively and the clinical outcomes compared.

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Comparison of clinical outcomes of treatment of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint between conventional and ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis

Patients with disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) who do not respond to non-operative treatment may require invasive procedures such as arthrocentesis and arthroscopy. We divided 80 patients with dysfunction of the TMJ into two groups: a control group who were treated by conventional arthrocentesis, and an experimental group who were treated by ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis. Both groups were monitored three days, one week, and one month postoperatively and the clinical outcomes compared.

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Analysis of an in-house technique for temporary mandibulotomy and its impact on postoperative radiotherapy

The purpose of this study was to describe a newly developed procedure for temporary mandibulotomy and subsequent osteosynthesis. Clinical outcomes were evaluated, including complications and the impact on postoperative treatment, particularly postoperative radiotherapy. Twenty-four patients underwent temporary mandibulotomies for the surgical resection of malignancies located in the posterior oral or oropharyngeal region. All were treated with postoperative radiotherapy. An angulated median mandibulotomy was followed by osteosynthesis with three anchor screws directed towards the inferior aspect of the mandible.

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Australian doctor helps restore cancer patient’s jaw using 3D printed mandible

Source: neoskosmos.com Author: staff Anelia Myburgh, a 31-year-old woman from Melbourne who lost most over her upper jaw and teeth to cancer […]

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Comparison of retroauricular and small transcervical approaches for endoscopic-assisted selective neck dissection: a cadaveric study

Advances in endoscopic-assisted neck surgery have allowed surgeons to conceal the scars via various approaches. However, studies comparing the approaches are still rare. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze the feasibility and oncological outcomes of the retroauricular approach (RA) and the small transcervical approach (STC) for endoscopic-assisted selective neck dissection (EASND). Five fresh cadavers were recruited. EASND was performed via RA on one side and via STC on the contralateral side of each of the cadavers.

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Australian doctor helps restore cancer patient’s jaw using 3D printed mandible

Source: neoskosmos.com Author: staff Anelia Myburgh, a 31-year-old woman from Melbourne who lost most over her upper jaw and teeth to cancer […]

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Qf8ExG

Comparison of retroauricular and small transcervical approaches for endoscopic-assisted selective neck dissection: a cadaveric study

Advances in endoscopic-assisted neck surgery have allowed surgeons to conceal the scars via various approaches. However, studies comparing the approaches are still rare. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze the feasibility and oncological outcomes of the retroauricular approach (RA) and the small transcervical approach (STC) for endoscopic-assisted selective neck dissection (EASND). Five fresh cadavers were recruited. EASND was performed via RA on one side and via STC on the contralateral side of each of the cadavers.

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Analysis of an in-house technique for temporary mandibulotomy and its impact on postoperative radiotherapy

The purpose of this study was to describe a newly developed procedure for temporary mandibulotomy and subsequent osteosynthesis. Clinical outcomes were evaluated, including complications and the impact on postoperative treatment, particularly postoperative radiotherapy. Twenty-four patients underwent temporary mandibulotomies for the surgical resection of malignancies located in the posterior oral or oropharyngeal region. All were treated with postoperative radiotherapy. An angulated median mandibulotomy was followed by osteosynthesis with three anchor screws directed towards the inferior aspect of the mandible.

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Segmental contributions to cochlear implant speech perception

Publication date: Available online 3 December 2018Source: Speech CommunicationAuthor(s): Fei Chen, Yi HuAbstractThe present work assessed segmental contributions to speech perception by listeners who had been bilaterally fitted with cochlear implants (CIs). TIMIT sentences were edited to contain vowels (Vs) (replacing consonants with silence) or consonants (Cs) (replacing vowels with silence) and vowel-consonant (V-C) transitions, then presented to unilaterally or bilaterally fitted CI listeners for recognition. Experimental results showed that segmental interruption had a significant influence on CI speech perception. Vowels contained more perceptual information than consonants, and V-C transitions could significantly improve the intelligibility of V-only or C-only sentences. In addition,...

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A Legacy of Hearing Loss: Watching previous generations struggle with deafness led to a career in speech-language pathology for this family member.

(Source: The ASHA Leader Online)

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Medicare: A Must When Treating Older Patients: Medicare patients cannot pay out-of-pocket for covered audiology and speech-language pathology services.

(Source: The ASHA Leader Online)

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Heard But Not Seen: Tinnitus and Auditory Hallucinations: When auditory hallucinations plague a patient, audiologists can be the front line for determining the root of the problem.

(Source: The ASHA Leader Online)

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Identifying the ‘Why’ of Hearing Loss: Tiffany Johnson’s ASHFoundation-supported research aims to help audiologists pinpoint the cause of a person’s hearing loss.

(Source: The ASHA Leader Online)

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School-Based Members Name Early Intervention as Top IDEA Issue: About 60 to 70 percent of audiologists and SLPs also identify early childhood and funding as important issues.

In a recent survey, school-based audiologists and speech-language pathologists rated the importance of nine issues in relation to the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Audiologists rated early intervention as "very important" most frequently, followed by connection with the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) program. SLPs also rated early intervention as "very important" most frequently, followed by funding. Ratings will be used to help inform ASHA's IDEA advocacy priorities in fut ure years. (Source: The ASHA Leader Online)

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Segmental contributions to cochlear implant speech perception

Publication date: Available online 3 December 2018Source: Speech CommunicationAuthor(s): Fei Chen, Yi HuAbstractThe present work assessed segmental contributions to speech perception by listeners who had been bilaterally fitted with cochlear implants (CIs). TIMIT sentences were edited to contain vowels (Vs) (replacing consonants with silence) or consonants (Cs) (replacing vowels with silence) and vowel-consonant (V-C) transitions, then presented to unilaterally or bilaterally fitted CI listeners for recognition. Experimental results showed that segmental interruption had a significant influence on CI speech perception. Vowels contained more perceptual information than consonants, and V-C transitions could significantly improve the intelligibility of V-only or C-only sentences. In addition,...

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A Legacy of Hearing Loss: Watching previous generations struggle with deafness led to a career in speech-language pathology for this family member.

(Source: The ASHA Leader Online)

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Medicare: A Must When Treating Older Patients: Medicare patients cannot pay out-of-pocket for covered audiology and speech-language pathology services.

(Source: The ASHA Leader Online)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AKRRYI

Heard But Not Seen: Tinnitus and Auditory Hallucinations: When auditory hallucinations plague a patient, audiologists can be the front line for determining the root of the problem.

(Source: The ASHA Leader Online)

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Identifying the ‘Why’ of Hearing Loss: Tiffany Johnson’s ASHFoundation-supported research aims to help audiologists pinpoint the cause of a person’s hearing loss.

(Source: The ASHA Leader Online)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2UgycsK

School-Based Members Name Early Intervention as Top IDEA Issue: About 60 to 70 percent of audiologists and SLPs also identify early childhood and funding as important issues.

In a recent survey, school-based audiologists and speech-language pathologists rated the importance of nine issues in relation to the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Audiologists rated early intervention as "very important" most frequently, followed by connection with the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) program. SLPs also rated early intervention as "very important" most frequently, followed by funding. Ratings will be used to help inform ASHA's IDEA advocacy priorities in fut ure years. (Source: The ASHA Leader Online)

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Efficacy and safety of a combination of selamectin plus sarolaner for the treatment and prevention of flea infestations and the treatment of ear mites in cats presented as veterinary patients in the United States

Publication date: Available online 4 December 2018Source: Veterinary ParasitologyAuthor(s): Adriano F. Vatta, Melanie R. Myers, Jady J. Rugg, Sara Chapin, Aleah Pullins, Vickie L. King, Douglas RuggAbstractTwo randomised, single-masked, multi-center field studies were conducted in the United States in cats presented as veterinary patients. The first study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a topically applied formulation of selamectin plus sarolaner (Revolution® Plus / Stronghold® Plus, Zoetis) against natural flea infestations; the second study evaluated its efficacy against natural ear mite infestations. The product was administered topically by the cats' owners at the dose range provided in the market product of 6.0 to 12.0 mg selamectin and 1.0 to 2.0 mg sarolaner per kg body...

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Immune response to purified protein derivative in infants from helminth-sensitized mothers — A cases series

ConclusionInfants with Th1 and Th2 profile chemokines demonstrated a good response to vaccination, indicated by CXCL10 levels, but not infants predominantly Th2-skewed profile. These results highlight that children from mothers sensitized to S. mansoni may lead to ineffective immune response to PPD, while mothers sensitized to Ascaris lumbricoides showed no such impairment. (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection)

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An affinity peptide exerts antiviral activity by strongly binding nervous necrosis virus to block viral entry

Publication date: Available online 4 December 2018Source: Fish & Shellfish ImmunologyAuthor(s): Qiong Zhou, Jing Zhang, Runqing Huang, Siyou Huang, Yujia Wu, Lijie Huang, Jianguo He, Junfeng XieAbstractNervous necrosis virus (NNV) causes viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a disease that leads to almost 100% mortality among larvae and juvenile fish, severely affecting the aquaculture industry. VNN vaccines based on inactivated viruses or virus-like particles (VLPs) are unsuitable for fish fry with immature adaptive immune systems. Here, we applied an anti-NNV strategy based on affinity peptides (AFPs). Three phage display peptide libraries were screened against RBS, the VLP of orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (OGNNV). From the positive clones, a dodecapeptide with the highest bindin...

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Immunotoxic effects of 4-nonylphenol on Clarias gariepinus: cytopathological changes in hepatic melanomacrophages

Publication date: Available online 3 December 2018Source: Aquatic ToxicologyAuthor(s): Alaa El-Din H. Sayed, Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem, Nasser S. Abou KhalilAbstractMelanomacrophage centres (MMCs) play a key role in the immune response in fish. They are considered sensitive bio-monitoring structures with roles in the assessment of toxicant impacts. The aim of this study was to examine the potential histopathological effect of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on hepatic MMCs in Clarias gariepinus. To achieve this objective, adult male fish were divided randomly and equally into two groups: a control group and a group that was exposed to 4-NP (dissolved in water at a dose of 0.1 mg/L) for 21 days. The 4-NP-intoxicated hepatic MMCs contained numerous necrotic macrophages. Superoxide dismutase 2 was immuno-e...

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In vitro immune responses of porcine alveolar macrophages reflect host immune responses against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses

Currently, an in vitro immunogenicity screening system for the immunological assessment of potential porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine candidates is highly desired. Thus, in t... (Source: BMC Veterinary Research)

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Molecules, Vol. 23, Pages 3196: Pseudane-VII Regulates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in Brain Microglia Cells through the Inhibition of iNOS Expression

Authors: Mi Eun Kim Inae Jung Ju Yong Na Yujeong Lee Jaewon Lee Jong Suk Lee Jun Sik Lee We previously isolated pseudane-VII from the secondary metabolites of Pseudoalteromonas sp. M2 in marine water, and demonstrated its anti-inflammatory efficacy on macrophages. However, the molecular mechanism by which pseudane-VII suppresses neuroinflammation has not yet been elucidated in brain microglia. Microglia is activated by immunological stimulation or brain injury. Activated microglia secrete proinflammatory mediators which damage neurons. Neuroinflammation appears to be associated with certain neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Natural compounds that suppress microglial inflammatory responses could potent...

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Shouldering the load of mandible reconstruction: 81 cases of oromandibular reconstruction with the scapular tip free flap

Abstract

Background

The scapular tip free flap (STFF) is becoming more popular for oromandibular reconstruction. This article reviewed the early and late outcomes in a larger series over 9 years.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all consecutive patients who underwent oromandibular reconstruction using the STFF at London Health Sciences Centre. Demographic information, surgical data, and complications were collected and analyzed.

Results

From April 2008 to March 2017, 81 STFFs were performed in 80 patients. The average bony reconstruction measured 5.4 cm. Bone‐only flaps were utilized in 24 cases (29.6%). Five cases (6.2%) required a single osteotomy. There were 3 (3.7%) flap failures. There were 7 plate extrusions and 11 cases of radiographic nonunion.

Conclusion

The STFF is a reliable option with acceptable early and long‐term results. The STFF may be considered as a first line option especially for shorter bone defects or in conjunction with complex soft tissue requirements.

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Efficacy and safety of a combination of selamectin plus sarolaner for the treatment and prevention of flea infestations and the treatment of ear mites in cats presented as veterinary patients in the United States

Publication date: Available online 4 December 2018Source: Veterinary ParasitologyAuthor(s): Adriano F. Vatta, Melanie R. Myers, Jady J. Rugg, Sara Chapin, Aleah Pullins, Vickie L. King, Douglas RuggAbstractTwo randomised, single-masked, multi-center field studies were conducted in the United States in cats presented as veterinary patients. The first study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a topically applied formulation of selamectin plus sarolaner (Revolution® Plus / Stronghold® Plus, Zoetis) against natural flea infestations; the second study evaluated its efficacy against natural ear mite infestations. The product was administered topically by the cats' owners at the dose range provided in the market product of 6.0 to 12.0 mg selamectin and 1.0 to 2.0 mg sarolaner per kg body...

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Immune response to purified protein derivative in infants from helminth-sensitized mothers — A cases series

ConclusionInfants with Th1 and Th2 profile chemokines demonstrated a good response to vaccination, indicated by CXCL10 levels, but not infants predominantly Th2-skewed profile. These results highlight that children from mothers sensitized to S. mansoni may lead to ineffective immune response to PPD, while mothers sensitized to Ascaris lumbricoides showed no such impairment. (Source: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection)

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An affinity peptide exerts antiviral activity by strongly binding nervous necrosis virus to block viral entry

Publication date: Available online 4 December 2018Source: Fish & Shellfish ImmunologyAuthor(s): Qiong Zhou, Jing Zhang, Runqing Huang, Siyou Huang, Yujia Wu, Lijie Huang, Jianguo He, Junfeng XieAbstractNervous necrosis virus (NNV) causes viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a disease that leads to almost 100% mortality among larvae and juvenile fish, severely affecting the aquaculture industry. VNN vaccines based on inactivated viruses or virus-like particles (VLPs) are unsuitable for fish fry with immature adaptive immune systems. Here, we applied an anti-NNV strategy based on affinity peptides (AFPs). Three phage display peptide libraries were screened against RBS, the VLP of orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (OGNNV). From the positive clones, a dodecapeptide with the highest bindin...

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Immunotoxic effects of 4-nonylphenol on Clarias gariepinus: cytopathological changes in hepatic melanomacrophages

Publication date: Available online 3 December 2018Source: Aquatic ToxicologyAuthor(s): Alaa El-Din H. Sayed, Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem, Nasser S. Abou KhalilAbstractMelanomacrophage centres (MMCs) play a key role in the immune response in fish. They are considered sensitive bio-monitoring structures with roles in the assessment of toxicant impacts. The aim of this study was to examine the potential histopathological effect of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on hepatic MMCs in Clarias gariepinus. To achieve this objective, adult male fish were divided randomly and equally into two groups: a control group and a group that was exposed to 4-NP (dissolved in water at a dose of 0.1 mg/L) for 21 days. The 4-NP-intoxicated hepatic MMCs contained numerous necrotic macrophages. Superoxide dismutase 2 was immuno-e...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2SoNaee

In vitro immune responses of porcine alveolar macrophages reflect host immune responses against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses

Currently, an in vitro immunogenicity screening system for the immunological assessment of potential porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine candidates is highly desired. Thus, in t... (Source: BMC Veterinary Research)

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Molecules, Vol. 23, Pages 3196: Pseudane-VII Regulates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in Brain Microglia Cells through the Inhibition of iNOS Expression

Authors: Mi Eun Kim Inae Jung Ju Yong Na Yujeong Lee Jaewon Lee Jong Suk Lee Jun Sik Lee We previously isolated pseudane-VII from the secondary metabolites of Pseudoalteromonas sp. M2 in marine water, and demonstrated its anti-inflammatory efficacy on macrophages. However, the molecular mechanism by which pseudane-VII suppresses neuroinflammation has not yet been elucidated in brain microglia. Microglia is activated by immunological stimulation or brain injury. Activated microglia secrete proinflammatory mediators which damage neurons. Neuroinflammation appears to be associated with certain neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Natural compounds that suppress microglial inflammatory responses could potent...

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Shouldering the load of mandible reconstruction: 81 cases of oromandibular reconstruction with the scapular tip free flap

Abstract

Background

The scapular tip free flap (STFF) is becoming more popular for oromandibular reconstruction. This article reviewed the early and late outcomes in a larger series over 9 years.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of all consecutive patients who underwent oromandibular reconstruction using the STFF at London Health Sciences Centre. Demographic information, surgical data, and complications were collected and analyzed.

Results

From April 2008 to March 2017, 81 STFFs were performed in 80 patients. The average bony reconstruction measured 5.4 cm. Bone‐only flaps were utilized in 24 cases (29.6%). Five cases (6.2%) required a single osteotomy. There were 3 (3.7%) flap failures. There were 7 plate extrusions and 11 cases of radiographic nonunion.

Conclusion

The STFF is a reliable option with acceptable early and long‐term results. The STFF may be considered as a first line option especially for shorter bone defects or in conjunction with complex soft tissue requirements.

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Primary Cutaneous vs Secondary Cutaneous Follicular Lymphomas: A Comparative Study Focused on BCL2, CD10 and t (14;18) Expression

Background

Primary cutaneous follicular center‐cell lymphoma (PCFCL) is one of the most common types of cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma. Differences in immunohistochemical expression of BCL2 and CD10 antigens along with the presence of t(14:18) translocation in neoplastic cells have been postulated as relevant clues in differentiating PCFCL from cutaneous lesions secondary to a systemic follicular lymphoma (SCFL). The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance and usefulness of these parameters in a large series of patients.

Methods

Patients with PCFCL and SCFL diagnosed at three University Hospitals in Barcelona, from 2000‐2015 were reviewed. Clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypical, genetic and outcome parameters were analysed

Results

Eighty‐one cases (59 PCFCL and 22 SCFL) were included. There were no significant differences between PCFCL and SCFL cases regarding clinical presentation, site of involvement or predominant type of skin lesions. Most patients in both groups showed positivity for BCL2 and CD10 but strong expression of BCL2 and CD10 were associated with SCFL cases. Although more frequent in SCFL, a small proportion of PCFCL cases also showed the t (14:18) on FISH analysis.

Conclusions

The intensity of BCL2 expression was found to be the single most valuable clue in differentiating PCFCL from SCFL cases on histopathological grounds.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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A diagnostically‐challenging case of melanoma ex blue nevus with comprehensive molecular analysis, including the 23‐gene expression signature (myPath Melanoma)

Melanoma ex blue nevus (MEBN) is a rare, aggressive, and potentially lethal neoplasm. Distinguishing MEBN from an atypical cellular blue nevus can be very challenging. We report a diagnostically difficult case of MEBN with lymph node metastases, in which single nucleotide polymorphism array and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to arrive at the correct diagnosis. It was also analyzed by the recently‐introduced proprietary 23‐gene expression signature test (myPath Melanoma, Myriad Genetics Inc.). To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of MEBN analyzed by the 23‐gene expression signature, which provided a false negative result. More studies are needed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of this test in various melanocytic proliferations.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Primary Cutaneous vs Secondary Cutaneous Follicular Lymphomas: A Comparative Study Focused on BCL2, CD10 and t (14;18) Expression

Background

Primary cutaneous follicular center‐cell lymphoma (PCFCL) is one of the most common types of cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma. Differences in immunohistochemical expression of BCL2 and CD10 antigens along with the presence of t(14:18) translocation in neoplastic cells have been postulated as relevant clues in differentiating PCFCL from cutaneous lesions secondary to a systemic follicular lymphoma (SCFL). The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance and usefulness of these parameters in a large series of patients.

Methods

Patients with PCFCL and SCFL diagnosed at three University Hospitals in Barcelona, from 2000‐2015 were reviewed. Clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypical, genetic and outcome parameters were analysed

Results

Eighty‐one cases (59 PCFCL and 22 SCFL) were included. There were no significant differences between PCFCL and SCFL cases regarding clinical presentation, site of involvement or predominant type of skin lesions. Most patients in both groups showed positivity for BCL2 and CD10 but strong expression of BCL2 and CD10 were associated with SCFL cases. Although more frequent in SCFL, a small proportion of PCFCL cases also showed the t (14:18) on FISH analysis.

Conclusions

The intensity of BCL2 expression was found to be the single most valuable clue in differentiating PCFCL from SCFL cases on histopathological grounds.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2SuNhoS

A diagnostically‐challenging case of melanoma ex blue nevus with comprehensive molecular analysis, including the 23‐gene expression signature (myPath Melanoma)

Melanoma ex blue nevus (MEBN) is a rare, aggressive, and potentially lethal neoplasm. Distinguishing MEBN from an atypical cellular blue nevus can be very challenging. We report a diagnostically difficult case of MEBN with lymph node metastases, in which single nucleotide polymorphism array and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to arrive at the correct diagnosis. It was also analyzed by the recently‐introduced proprietary 23‐gene expression signature test (myPath Melanoma, Myriad Genetics Inc.). To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of MEBN analyzed by the 23‐gene expression signature, which provided a false negative result. More studies are needed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of this test in various melanocytic proliferations.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2EfNRnp

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Oral Health Implications and Oral Cancer Risk

Abstract

There is a paucity of evidence surrounding the potential detrimental effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) for both systemic and oral health. The effects of conventional cigarettes on the development of oral cancer are well known, however the role of ENDS in oral carcinogenesis is yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, the exponential rise of the use of ENDS by the general public means that dental healthcare providers are more likely to encounter questions on their safety in the oral cavity, and on their effectiveness as a smoking cessation aid. Herein, we review the most up to date literature on the systemic and oral health complications of ENDS. Moreover, evidence‐based recommendations on the use of ENDS as a smoking cessation tool within the dental setting are discussed.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Oral Health Implications and Oral Cancer Risk

Abstract

There is a paucity of evidence surrounding the potential detrimental effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) for both systemic and oral health. The effects of conventional cigarettes on the development of oral cancer are well known, however the role of ENDS in oral carcinogenesis is yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, the exponential rise of the use of ENDS by the general public means that dental healthcare providers are more likely to encounter questions on their safety in the oral cavity, and on their effectiveness as a smoking cessation aid. Herein, we review the most up to date literature on the systemic and oral health complications of ENDS. Moreover, evidence‐based recommendations on the use of ENDS as a smoking cessation tool within the dental setting are discussed.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Issue Information

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Defining quality in chronic rhinosinusitis management

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Science in endoscopic cranial base, rhinology, and allergy

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Issue Information

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Qx9jd8

Defining quality in chronic rhinosinusitis management

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2E0EyXl

Science in endoscopic cranial base, rhinology, and allergy

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Assessment of taste functions in allergic rhinitis patients undergoing allergen-specific immunotherapy

Abstract

Background

We evaluated taste functions of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) before and after allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT).

Methods

The study was designed as a prospective clinical study in our tertiary care hospital. Patients (n = 21) who were diagnosed with perennial AR on the basis of physical examination, skin prick test of at least 3* for HDM allergen and treated with AIT were enrolled in this study. A control group (n = 21) was selected from patients who were given intranasal steroids (INS) for perennial AR. Both groups had self-reported hyposmia and subjective loss of the sense of taste before treatment. Taste strips (Burghart, Wedel, Germany) were used for the taste identification scores before and after 6 months treatment.

Results

A total of 42 subjects were included, with a mean age of 24.1 ± 7.9 years (range 15–43 years). Overall, the AIT group showed more of an improvement of taste function, observed in the total average test scores, compared to the INS group (p < 0.05), but no change was detected between the groups before treatment. No difference was found for the bitter taste scores between the study groups (p = 0.053).

Conclusion

Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy resulted in more of an improvement in taste function than intranasal steroids. Further studies are needed.

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