A 68‐year‐old man presented for excision of a nodule on his right sub‐mandibular neck that had grown quickly over a three‐month period. Initially, it looked like an "ingrown hair," and he admitted to expressing blood‐tinged fluid from the nodule multiple times.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A 68‐year‐old man presented for excision of a nodule on his right sub‐mandibular neck that had grown quickly over a three‐month period. Initially, it looked like an "ingrown hair," and he admitted to expressing blood‐tinged fluid from the nodule multiple times.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
An estimation of an intravascular dispersion parameter was previously proposed to improve the overall accuracy and precision of the model parameters, but the high computation complexity can limit its practical usability in prostate dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI).
To compare and evaluate the model fitting uncertainty and error in the model parameter estimation using different DCE‐MRI analysis models and to evaluate the ability of the intravascular dispersion parameter to delineate between noncancerous and cancerous prostate tissue in the transition and peripheral zones.
Retrospective.
Fifty‐three patients who underwent radical prostatectomy.
3 T/3D RF‐spoiled gradient echo sequence.
The coefficient of variation was used to assess the model fitting uncertainty by adding random noise to the time–concentration curves, and the Akaike information criterion was used to assess the model fitting error. The parametric maps derived from four DCE‐MRI analysis models were evaluated by evaluating the delineation between noncancerous tissue and prostate cancer or clinically significant prostate cancer.
The receiver operating curve analysis was performed to compare the ability to delineate between noncancerous and prostate cancer tissue in the transition and peripheral zones.
Both MR dispersion imaging (MRDI) and Weinmann analysis models had the maximum coefficient of variation in different tissue types, while the model fitting uncertainty of modified (m)MRDI was similar to the standard Toft model. In mMRDI, the model fitting error was minimum, and the delineation between noncancerous and clinically significant prostate cancer tissue was improved in both transition (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.92) and peripheral zones (AUC = 0.92), in comparison with MRDI (AUC = 0.89 and AUC = 0.85, respectively).
The mMRDI showed promising results in detecting prostate cancer while maintaining a similar model fitting uncertainty.
Level of Evidence: 3
Technical Efficacy: Stage 1
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
An estimation of an intravascular dispersion parameter was previously proposed to improve the overall accuracy and precision of the model parameters, but the high computation complexity can limit its practical usability in prostate dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI).
To compare and evaluate the model fitting uncertainty and error in the model parameter estimation using different DCE‐MRI analysis models and to evaluate the ability of the intravascular dispersion parameter to delineate between noncancerous and cancerous prostate tissue in the transition and peripheral zones.
Retrospective.
Fifty‐three patients who underwent radical prostatectomy.
3 T/3D RF‐spoiled gradient echo sequence.
The coefficient of variation was used to assess the model fitting uncertainty by adding random noise to the time–concentration curves, and the Akaike information criterion was used to assess the model fitting error. The parametric maps derived from four DCE‐MRI analysis models were evaluated by evaluating the delineation between noncancerous tissue and prostate cancer or clinically significant prostate cancer.
The receiver operating curve analysis was performed to compare the ability to delineate between noncancerous and prostate cancer tissue in the transition and peripheral zones.
Both MR dispersion imaging (MRDI) and Weinmann analysis models had the maximum coefficient of variation in different tissue types, while the model fitting uncertainty of modified (m)MRDI was similar to the standard Toft model. In mMRDI, the model fitting error was minimum, and the delineation between noncancerous and clinically significant prostate cancer tissue was improved in both transition (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.92) and peripheral zones (AUC = 0.92), in comparison with MRDI (AUC = 0.89 and AUC = 0.85, respectively).
The mMRDI showed promising results in detecting prostate cancer while maintaining a similar model fitting uncertainty.
Level of Evidence: 3
Technical Efficacy: Stage 1
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Skin prick tests (SPTs) are essential for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy and are influenced by extract quality, biological potency and concentration of allergen.
In this open multicentre study 431 patients, aged 18–64 years were enrolled. Patients had a history of IgE-mediated allergy and a sensitisation (previous positive SPT of any manufacturer) against at least one of the investigated allergens: 6-grass pollen, house dust mite, birch and mugwort pollen. In our study, these allergens were tested in five concentrations each. To establish the optimal trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was estimated by comparing the outcome of the SPT with three methods referred to as 'reference methods' (specific IgE, clinical case history and a previous SPT).
For all allergens and reference methods, the area under the ROC curves were highly significant (p < 0.001). Specific IgE reference method resulted in the largest area under the curve (AUC) for all allergens (0.80–0.90) followed by previous SPT (0.70–0.87) and case history (0.65–0.74). Sensitivity of SPT increased with increasing concentration and specificity decreased. For all allergens, compared to specific IgE, the highest sensitivity (specificity at least 80%) was observed for the SPT solution of 50,000 Standardised Units (SU)/mL (grass pollen, birch pollen, house dust mite and mugwort).
In this study, with a large number of patients, it was demonstrated that clinical case history, previous SPT and specific IgE measurement could all be used as reference methods for the assessment of sensitivity/specificity of SPT solutions. The comparison of SPT with specific IgE resulted in the largest AUC. The highest sensitivity was observed for the SPT solution of 50,000 SU/mL.
Trial registration EudraCT: 2006-005304-14.
Skin prick tests (SPTs) are essential for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy and are influenced by extract quality, biological potency and concentration of allergen.
In this open multicentre study 431 patients, aged 18–64 years were enrolled. Patients had a history of IgE-mediated allergy and a sensitisation (previous positive SPT of any manufacturer) against at least one of the investigated allergens: 6-grass pollen, house dust mite, birch and mugwort pollen. In our study, these allergens were tested in five concentrations each. To establish the optimal trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was estimated by comparing the outcome of the SPT with three methods referred to as 'reference methods' (specific IgE, clinical case history and a previous SPT).
For all allergens and reference methods, the area under the ROC curves were highly significant (p < 0.001). Specific IgE reference method resulted in the largest area under the curve (AUC) for all allergens (0.80–0.90) followed by previous SPT (0.70–0.87) and case history (0.65–0.74). Sensitivity of SPT increased with increasing concentration and specificity decreased. For all allergens, compared to specific IgE, the highest sensitivity (specificity at least 80%) was observed for the SPT solution of 50,000 Standardised Units (SU)/mL (grass pollen, birch pollen, house dust mite and mugwort).
In this study, with a large number of patients, it was demonstrated that clinical case history, previous SPT and specific IgE measurement could all be used as reference methods for the assessment of sensitivity/specificity of SPT solutions. The comparison of SPT with specific IgE resulted in the largest AUC. The highest sensitivity was observed for the SPT solution of 50,000 SU/mL.
Trial registration EudraCT: 2006-005304-14.
The blocking of airflow into sinonasal cavity may decrease postoperative crusting and the development of adhesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cotton ball packing in patients following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).
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The blocking of airflow into sinonasal cavity may decrease postoperative crusting and the development of adhesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cotton ball packing in patients following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).
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Authors: Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Xie S, Wu X, Zhou J, Sun H Abstract Lead exposure causes or aggravates hearing damage to human or animal, but the detailed effects of lead exposure on auditory system including injury sites of the cochlea in mammal remain controversy. To investigate the effect of chronic lead exposure on auditory system, 40 adult guinea pigs with normal hearing were randomly divided into five groups. They were fed 2 mmol/L lead acetate in drinking water for 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days (n = 8), respectively. Lead concentrations in blood, cochlea, and brainstem were measured. Auditory function was measured by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). The morphology of cochlea and brainstem was observed, and expression of autopha...
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Authors: Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Xie S, Wu X, Zhou J, Sun H Abstract Lead exposure causes or aggravates hearing damage to human or animal, but the detailed effects of lead exposure on auditory system including injury sites of the cochlea in mammal remain controversy. To investigate the effect of chronic lead exposure on auditory system, 40 adult guinea pigs with normal hearing were randomly divided into five groups. They were fed 2 mmol/L lead acetate in drinking water for 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days (n = 8), respectively. Lead concentrations in blood, cochlea, and brainstem were measured. Auditory function was measured by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). The morphology of cochlea and brainstem was observed, and expression of autopha...
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SO, AT WHAT AGE CAN ASTHMA BE DIAGNOSED? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2019 Mar - Apr;47(2):105-106 Authors: Garcia-Marcos L PMID: 30770040 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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CONCLUSION: The recombinant form of A. retroflexus polcalcin (Ama r 3) could be easily produced in E. coli in a soluble form and shows rather similar IgE-reactivity with its natural counterpart. PMID: 30770138 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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CONCLUSIONS: F. prausnitzii and A. muciniphila may have induced anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and prevented the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-12. These findings suggest that A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii may suppress inflammation through its secreted metabolites. PMID: 30765132 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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SO, AT WHAT AGE CAN ASTHMA BE DIAGNOSED? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2019 Mar - Apr;47(2):105-106 Authors: Garcia-Marcos L PMID: 30770040 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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CONCLUSION: The recombinant form of A. retroflexus polcalcin (Ama r 3) could be easily produced in E. coli in a soluble form and shows rather similar IgE-reactivity with its natural counterpart. PMID: 30770138 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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CONCLUSIONS: F. prausnitzii and A. muciniphila may have induced anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and prevented the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-12. These findings suggest that A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii may suppress inflammation through its secreted metabolites. PMID: 30765132 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Allergologia et Immunopathologia)
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Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Walther D. Zavala, Mabel R. Foscolo, Patricia E. Kunda, Juan C. Cavicchia, Cristian G. Acosta
Potassium channels have been proposed to promote cancer cell proliferation and metastases. Thus, we investigated the expression pattern of three 2-pore domain potassium channels (K2 Ps) TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the commonest oral malignancy.
We used 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) to induce high grade OSCC in male adult rats. We then used immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to study the distribution and expression pattern of TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in normal versus cancerous tissue. We also examined the expression of β-tubulin III (β-tub3), a marker associated with resistance to taxane-based chemotherapy and poor patient prognosis, and its correlation with the K2 Ps. Finally, we studied the expression of TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in human samples of SCC of oral origin.
We found that TASK3 was significantly up-regulated whereas TASK1 and TRESK were both significantly down-regulated in advanced, poorly differentiated OSCC. Both, rat and human SCC showed a significant increase in the expression of β-tub3. Interestingly, the expression of the latter correlated positively and significantly with TASK3 and TRESK but not TASK1 in rat OSCC. Our initial results showed a similar pattern of up and down regulation and correlation with β-tub3 for these three K2 Ps in human SCC.
The changes in expression and the co-localization with a marker of resistance to taxanes like β-tub3 turn TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK into potentially new prognostic tools and possibly new therapeutic targets for OSCC.
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jordi Caballé-Serrano, Yusra Abdeslam-Mohamed, Antonio Munar-Frau, Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi, Federico Hernández-Alfaro, Richard Miron
Guided bone / tissue regeneration (GBR/GTR) procedures are necessary to improve conditions for implant placement. These techniques in turn can be enhanced by using growth factors (GFs) such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to accelerate regeneration. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the GF loading and release kinetics of barrier membranes.
A total of 138 articles were screened in PubMed databases, and 31 meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the present systematic review.
All the articles evaluated bio-resorbable membranes, especially collagen or polymer-based membranes. In most studies, the retention and release kinetics of osteogenic GFs such as BMP-2 and PDGF were widely investigated. Growth factors were incorporated to the membranes by soaking and incubating the membranes in GF solution, followed by lyophilization, or mixing in the polymers before evaporation. Adsorption onto the membranes depended upon the membrane materials and additional reagents such as heparin, cross-linkers and GF concentration. Interestingly, most studies showed two phases of GF release from the membranes: a first phase comprising a burst release (about 1 day), followed by a second phase characterized by slower release. Furthermore, all the studies demonstrated the controlled release of sufficient concentrations of GFs from the membranes for bioactivities.
The adsorption and release kinetics varied among the different materials, forms and GFs. The combination of membrane materials, GFs and manufacturing methods should be considered for optimizing GBR/GTR procedures.
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Walther D. Zavala, Mabel R. Foscolo, Patricia E. Kunda, Juan C. Cavicchia, Cristian G. Acosta
Potassium channels have been proposed to promote cancer cell proliferation and metastases. Thus, we investigated the expression pattern of three 2-pore domain potassium channels (K2 Ps) TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the commonest oral malignancy.
We used 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) to induce high grade OSCC in male adult rats. We then used immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to study the distribution and expression pattern of TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in normal versus cancerous tissue. We also examined the expression of β-tubulin III (β-tub3), a marker associated with resistance to taxane-based chemotherapy and poor patient prognosis, and its correlation with the K2 Ps. Finally, we studied the expression of TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in human samples of SCC of oral origin.
We found that TASK3 was significantly up-regulated whereas TASK1 and TRESK were both significantly down-regulated in advanced, poorly differentiated OSCC. Both, rat and human SCC showed a significant increase in the expression of β-tub3. Interestingly, the expression of the latter correlated positively and significantly with TASK3 and TRESK but not TASK1 in rat OSCC. Our initial results showed a similar pattern of up and down regulation and correlation with β-tub3 for these three K2 Ps in human SCC.
The changes in expression and the co-localization with a marker of resistance to taxanes like β-tub3 turn TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK into potentially new prognostic tools and possibly new therapeutic targets for OSCC.
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jordi Caballé-Serrano, Yusra Abdeslam-Mohamed, Antonio Munar-Frau, Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi, Federico Hernández-Alfaro, Richard Miron
Guided bone / tissue regeneration (GBR/GTR) procedures are necessary to improve conditions for implant placement. These techniques in turn can be enhanced by using growth factors (GFs) such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to accelerate regeneration. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the GF loading and release kinetics of barrier membranes.
A total of 138 articles were screened in PubMed databases, and 31 meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the present systematic review.
All the articles evaluated bio-resorbable membranes, especially collagen or polymer-based membranes. In most studies, the retention and release kinetics of osteogenic GFs such as BMP-2 and PDGF were widely investigated. Growth factors were incorporated to the membranes by soaking and incubating the membranes in GF solution, followed by lyophilization, or mixing in the polymers before evaporation. Adsorption onto the membranes depended upon the membrane materials and additional reagents such as heparin, cross-linkers and GF concentration. Interestingly, most studies showed two phases of GF release from the membranes: a first phase comprising a burst release (about 1 day), followed by a second phase characterized by slower release. Furthermore, all the studies demonstrated the controlled release of sufficient concentrations of GFs from the membranes for bioactivities.
The adsorption and release kinetics varied among the different materials, forms and GFs. The combination of membrane materials, GFs and manufacturing methods should be considered for optimizing GBR/GTR procedures.
Publication date: June 2019
Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 202
Author(s): Carlo Lucchetti, Alessandra Briganti, Mauro Castelluccio, Gianfranco Galli, Simone Santilli, Michele Soligo, Paola Tuccimei
An integration of laboratory radon and thoron exhalation data with gamma radiation mapping is applied to assess the geogenic radon and the exposure of people to natural radiation in a highly-urbanized city (Roma, Italy). The study area is a protected territory where ignimbrites from Colli Albani volcano and alluvial sediments largely crop out. A map of total gamma radiation, a gamma transect across Caffarella valley and 9 vertical gamma profiles have been carried out, showing that the main control of gamma levels is, of course, the lithological nature, without neglecting the simultaneous effect of other parameters such as slope morphology, erosion/weathering processes, occurrence of sinkholes or underground tunnels. The surveys allowed to distinguish the medians of ignimbrites (from 816 ± 16 cps to 936 ± 19 cps) from that of alluvial materials (611 ± 14) cps), but showed also that alluvial sediments with anomalously high radioactivity (769 ± 14 cps) can be locally recognized, providing valuable information on the interaction between sedimentation and erosion in fluvial valleys. Total gamma activity was converted into absorbed gamma dose rate ranging from 0.33 to 0.38 μSv/hr. Outdoor Annual Effective Dose Equivalents were also estimated between 0.58 and 0.67 mSv y−1.
Laboratory radon and thoron exhalation rates of collected material are positively correlated with gamma radiation. Volcanic and alluvial sediments are well-discriminated. The correlation between the two variables is evident, but not robust because of the variable concentration of 40 K, which is not contributing to radon and thoron exhalation rates. Anomalous data of soil samples located at the foot of a slope can be interpreted as due to reworking and accumulation processes. Similar gamma radiation data documents analogous concentration of radon and thoron parent-nuclides, but coexisting different radon and thoron exhalation rates provides an additional information on different grain size distributions which can be considered as a proxy for soil gas permeability.
The integration of gamma mapping and radon and thoron exhalation measurements is a very useful tool to assess people exposure to natural radiation, in terms of dose rates and potential indoor radon. Gamma mapping, which provides data on the radiation source (the bedrock) is fast and not expensive. It allows to obtain very detailed pictures of a study area, but it needs to be combined with laboratory determination of radon and thoron release in order to definitely and correctly interpret variations of gamma signal. Furthermore, laboratory determination of soil radon exhalation gives information on the release of radon and is a good proxy for soil gas permeability. It has the great advantage over in-situ measurements of gas flow not to be influenced by seasonal pedoclimatic parameters and is affected by lower analytical uncertainties. These data are thus reproducible and precise and can be used to estimate potential radon hazard, which is the main source of exposure and thus the most important parameter for human protection from environmental radioactivity.
Publication date: May 2019
Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 201
Author(s):
Publication date: June 2019
Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 202
Author(s): Carlo Lucchetti, Alessandra Briganti, Mauro Castelluccio, Gianfranco Galli, Simone Santilli, Michele Soligo, Paola Tuccimei
An integration of laboratory radon and thoron exhalation data with gamma radiation mapping is applied to assess the geogenic radon and the exposure of people to natural radiation in a highly-urbanized city (Roma, Italy). The study area is a protected territory where ignimbrites from Colli Albani volcano and alluvial sediments largely crop out. A map of total gamma radiation, a gamma transect across Caffarella valley and 9 vertical gamma profiles have been carried out, showing that the main control of gamma levels is, of course, the lithological nature, without neglecting the simultaneous effect of other parameters such as slope morphology, erosion/weathering processes, occurrence of sinkholes or underground tunnels. The surveys allowed to distinguish the medians of ignimbrites (from 816 ± 16 cps to 936 ± 19 cps) from that of alluvial materials (611 ± 14) cps), but showed also that alluvial sediments with anomalously high radioactivity (769 ± 14 cps) can be locally recognized, providing valuable information on the interaction between sedimentation and erosion in fluvial valleys. Total gamma activity was converted into absorbed gamma dose rate ranging from 0.33 to 0.38 μSv/hr. Outdoor Annual Effective Dose Equivalents were also estimated between 0.58 and 0.67 mSv y−1.
Laboratory radon and thoron exhalation rates of collected material are positively correlated with gamma radiation. Volcanic and alluvial sediments are well-discriminated. The correlation between the two variables is evident, but not robust because of the variable concentration of 40 K, which is not contributing to radon and thoron exhalation rates. Anomalous data of soil samples located at the foot of a slope can be interpreted as due to reworking and accumulation processes. Similar gamma radiation data documents analogous concentration of radon and thoron parent-nuclides, but coexisting different radon and thoron exhalation rates provides an additional information on different grain size distributions which can be considered as a proxy for soil gas permeability.
The integration of gamma mapping and radon and thoron exhalation measurements is a very useful tool to assess people exposure to natural radiation, in terms of dose rates and potential indoor radon. Gamma mapping, which provides data on the radiation source (the bedrock) is fast and not expensive. It allows to obtain very detailed pictures of a study area, but it needs to be combined with laboratory determination of radon and thoron release in order to definitely and correctly interpret variations of gamma signal. Furthermore, laboratory determination of soil radon exhalation gives information on the release of radon and is a good proxy for soil gas permeability. It has the great advantage over in-situ measurements of gas flow not to be influenced by seasonal pedoclimatic parameters and is affected by lower analytical uncertainties. These data are thus reproducible and precise and can be used to estimate potential radon hazard, which is the main source of exposure and thus the most important parameter for human protection from environmental radioactivity.
Publication date: May 2019
Source: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 201
Author(s):
Publication date: 15 March 2019
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 374
Author(s):
Publication date: 15 March 2019
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 374
Author(s):
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Author(s): Yuri T. Jadotte, Heather B. Leisy, Kimberly Noel, Dorothy S. Lane
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Author(s): Yuri T. Jadotte, Heather B. Leisy, Kimberly Noel, Dorothy S. Lane
Condition: Acute Coronary Syndrome Interventions: Other: Microbiota analysis; Other: Immunological analysis; Other: Proteome analysis; Other: Metabolome analysis; Other: Clinical evaluation; Other: Diet evaluation; Other: MedDiet Sponsors: Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, M.P.; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon; Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana; University of Navarra; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recher che Médicale, France; Tel Aviv University; Göteborg University Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Gonococcal Infection Interventions: Drug: Cefixime; Drug: Ceftriaxone; Drug: Ciprofloxacin; Biological: Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain FA1090 A26; Biological: Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain FA7537 Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Fabry Disease; Heart Diseases Intervention: Diagnostic Test: Cardiological evaluation Sponsors: Ospedale San Donato; Amicus Therapeutics; Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology - CNR Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Cat Allergy; Mild Asthma Interventions: Drug: REGN1908-1909; Drug: Placebo Sponsor: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Opioid Addiction Interventions: Drug: MDZ; Drug: ANS-6637 Sponsors: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Acute Coronary Syndrome Interventions: Other: Microbiota analysis; Other: Immunological analysis; Other: Proteome analysis; Other: Metabolome analysis; Other: Clinical evaluation; Other: Diet evaluation; Other: MedDiet Sponsors: Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, M.P.; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon; Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana; University of Navarra; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recher che Médicale, France; Tel Aviv University; Göteborg University Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Gonococcal Infection Interventions: Drug: Cefixime; Drug: Ceftriaxone; Drug: Ciprofloxacin; Biological: Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain FA1090 A26; Biological: Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain FA7537 Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Fabry Disease; Heart Diseases Intervention: Diagnostic Test: Cardiological evaluation Sponsors: Ospedale San Donato; Amicus Therapeutics; Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology - CNR Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Conditions: Cat Allergy; Mild Asthma Interventions: Drug: REGN1908-1909; Drug: Placebo Sponsor: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Not yet recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Condition: Opioid Addiction Interventions: Drug: MDZ; Drug: ANS-6637 Sponsors: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Recruiting (Source: ClinicalTrials.gov)
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Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: European Journal of Radiology
Author(s): Lequn Zhu, Zheng Xu, Guanwu Li, Ying Wang, Xuefeng Li, Xiao Shi, Haiyang Lin, Shixin Chang
Marrow fat accumulates in diabetic conditions but remains elusive. The published works on the relationships between marrow fat phenotypes and glucose homeostasis are controversial.
To detect the association of insulin resistance with marrow adiposity in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) using chemical shift-encoded water–fat MRI.
We measured vertebral proton density fat fraction (PDFF) by 3T-MRI in 75 newly diagnosed T2D and 20 nondiabetic postmenopausal women. Bone mineral density (BMD), whole body fat mass and lean mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
Lumbar spine PDFF was higher in women with T2D (65.9 ± 6.8%) than those without diabetes (59.5 ± 6.1%, P = 0.009). There was a consistent inverse association between the vertebral PDFF and BMD. PDFF had a positive association with glycated hemoglobin and HOMA-IR but not with fasting plasma glucose and insulin. PDFF was significantly increased, and BMD was decreased in a linear trend from the lowest (<1.90) to highest (≥2.77) HOMA-IR quartile. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed a positive association between log-transformed HOMA-IR and PDFF after adjustment for multiple covariates (ß = 0.382, P < 0.001). The positive association of HOMA-IR with PDFF remained robust when total body lean mass and fat mass, BMD was entered into the multivariate regression model, respectively (ß = 0.293 and ß = 0.251, respectively; all P <0.05).
Elevated HOMA-IR was linked to higher marrow fat fraction in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed T2D independently of body compositions.
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: European Journal of Radiology
Author(s): Lequn Zhu, Zheng Xu, Guanwu Li, Ying Wang, Xuefeng Li, Xiao Shi, Haiyang Lin, Shixin Chang
Marrow fat accumulates in diabetic conditions but remains elusive. The published works on the relationships between marrow fat phenotypes and glucose homeostasis are controversial.
To detect the association of insulin resistance with marrow adiposity in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) using chemical shift-encoded water–fat MRI.
We measured vertebral proton density fat fraction (PDFF) by 3T-MRI in 75 newly diagnosed T2D and 20 nondiabetic postmenopausal women. Bone mineral density (BMD), whole body fat mass and lean mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
Lumbar spine PDFF was higher in women with T2D (65.9 ± 6.8%) than those without diabetes (59.5 ± 6.1%, P = 0.009). There was a consistent inverse association between the vertebral PDFF and BMD. PDFF had a positive association with glycated hemoglobin and HOMA-IR but not with fasting plasma glucose and insulin. PDFF was significantly increased, and BMD was decreased in a linear trend from the lowest (<1.90) to highest (≥2.77) HOMA-IR quartile. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed a positive association between log-transformed HOMA-IR and PDFF after adjustment for multiple covariates (ß = 0.382, P < 0.001). The positive association of HOMA-IR with PDFF remained robust when total body lean mass and fat mass, BMD was entered into the multivariate regression model, respectively (ß = 0.293 and ß = 0.251, respectively; all P <0.05).
Elevated HOMA-IR was linked to higher marrow fat fraction in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed T2D independently of body compositions.
Publication date: April 2019
Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 91
Author(s): Moran Amit, Kate Hutcheson, Jhankruti Zaveri, Jan Lewin, Michael E Kupferman, Amy C Hessel, Ryan P Goepfert, G. Brandon Gunn, Adam S Garden, Renata Ferraratto, C. Dave Fuller, Samantha Tam, Neil D. Gross
To explore treatment-related changes in symptom burden and quality of life (QOL) in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) patients treated surgically and non-surgically.
Eighty-six patients with human papillomavirus–associated OPSCC treated at the Head and Neck Center at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center were recruited to a prospective registry study between 2014 and 2016 and completed the core, head and neck-specific, and symptom interference sections of the MD Anderson symptom inventory (MDASI) multi-symptom questionnaire and the EQ-5D health status assessment as a measure of QOL at four time points.
Longitudinal improvements from post-treatment nadir were observed across all groups. For patients treated with single modality, symptom interference, but not core and head and neck specific, MDASI scores were significantly better at 6 months in patients treated with surgery than radiation (P = 0.04). For patients treated with multiple modalities, scores for each of the three domains (i.e., core, head and neck -specific, and interference MDASI) were significantly better in the surgical group than the nonsurgical group at treatment completion (P = 0.0003, P = 0.0006 and P = 0.02) and 6 weeks (P = 0.001, P = 0.05 and P = 0.04), but not 6 months (P = 0.11, P = 0.16 and P = 0.040). No significant differences in EQ5D health status were observed between groups at any time point, reflecting similar overall QOL in all groups.
Symptom burden and QOL improves after treatment in OPSCC survivors over time regardless of whether primary surgical or nonsurgical treatment is used, although acute symptom profiles may differ.
Publication date: April 2019
Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 91
Author(s): Wei-Jie Luo, Yan-Fen Feng, Rui Guo, Ling-Long Tang, Lei Chen, Guan-Qun Zhou, Wen-Fei Li, Xu Liu, Ying Sun, Ai-Hua Lin, Jun Ma, Yan-Ping Mao
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive cervical lymph node (CLN) metastasis of unknown primary origin is classified as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) T0 by the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual (8th edition). We aimed to investigate the possible primary sites and patterns of EBV-positive CLN metastases and to provide implications for the management of NPC T0 classification.
We retrospectively reviewed 269 patients with newly diagnosed EBV-positive CLN metastatic disease who underwent EBV detection via EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization. Fifteen patients with unknown primary tumors underwent follow-up after initial treatment.
In patients with EBV-positive CLNs, the most common primary sites after the nasopharynx (51.7%) were the salivary gland (24.5%), lung (7.8%), oropharynx (3.3%), nasal cavity/maxillary (3.3%), oral cavity (2.2%), orbit (1.1%), and liver (0.4%). No primary site was found in 15 patients (5.6%). For salivary gland malignancies, level II and I were the most frequently involved regions. Tumors arising from the lung or liver metastasized to the lower neck (level IV, V, and VI) rather than the upper neck. After initial treatment, 2/15 patients with EBV-positive CLNs of unknown primary exhibited primary NPC and oropharyngeal tumor, respectively. Further, even without prophylactic irradiation to the nasopharynx, only one of 13 unknown primary patients developed NPC.
The origins of EBV-positive CLNs may not be restricted to the nasopharynx alone, and are likely to involve the head and neck or non-head and neck regions. NPC T0 classification should be cautiously assigned to such tumors.
Publication date: April 2019
Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 91
Author(s): Moran Amit, Kate Hutcheson, Jhankruti Zaveri, Jan Lewin, Michael E Kupferman, Amy C Hessel, Ryan P Goepfert, G. Brandon Gunn, Adam S Garden, Renata Ferraratto, C. Dave Fuller, Samantha Tam, Neil D. Gross
To explore treatment-related changes in symptom burden and quality of life (QOL) in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) patients treated surgically and non-surgically.
Eighty-six patients with human papillomavirus–associated OPSCC treated at the Head and Neck Center at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center were recruited to a prospective registry study between 2014 and 2016 and completed the core, head and neck-specific, and symptom interference sections of the MD Anderson symptom inventory (MDASI) multi-symptom questionnaire and the EQ-5D health status assessment as a measure of QOL at four time points.
Longitudinal improvements from post-treatment nadir were observed across all groups. For patients treated with single modality, symptom interference, but not core and head and neck specific, MDASI scores were significantly better at 6 months in patients treated with surgery than radiation (P = 0.04). For patients treated with multiple modalities, scores for each of the three domains (i.e., core, head and neck -specific, and interference MDASI) were significantly better in the surgical group than the nonsurgical group at treatment completion (P = 0.0003, P = 0.0006 and P = 0.02) and 6 weeks (P = 0.001, P = 0.05 and P = 0.04), but not 6 months (P = 0.11, P = 0.16 and P = 0.040). No significant differences in EQ5D health status were observed between groups at any time point, reflecting similar overall QOL in all groups.
Symptom burden and QOL improves after treatment in OPSCC survivors over time regardless of whether primary surgical or nonsurgical treatment is used, although acute symptom profiles may differ.
Publication date: April 2019
Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 91
Author(s): Wei-Jie Luo, Yan-Fen Feng, Rui Guo, Ling-Long Tang, Lei Chen, Guan-Qun Zhou, Wen-Fei Li, Xu Liu, Ying Sun, Ai-Hua Lin, Jun Ma, Yan-Ping Mao
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive cervical lymph node (CLN) metastasis of unknown primary origin is classified as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) T0 by the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual (8th edition). We aimed to investigate the possible primary sites and patterns of EBV-positive CLN metastases and to provide implications for the management of NPC T0 classification.
We retrospectively reviewed 269 patients with newly diagnosed EBV-positive CLN metastatic disease who underwent EBV detection via EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization. Fifteen patients with unknown primary tumors underwent follow-up after initial treatment.
In patients with EBV-positive CLNs, the most common primary sites after the nasopharynx (51.7%) were the salivary gland (24.5%), lung (7.8%), oropharynx (3.3%), nasal cavity/maxillary (3.3%), oral cavity (2.2%), orbit (1.1%), and liver (0.4%). No primary site was found in 15 patients (5.6%). For salivary gland malignancies, level II and I were the most frequently involved regions. Tumors arising from the lung or liver metastasized to the lower neck (level IV, V, and VI) rather than the upper neck. After initial treatment, 2/15 patients with EBV-positive CLNs of unknown primary exhibited primary NPC and oropharyngeal tumor, respectively. Further, even without prophylactic irradiation to the nasopharynx, only one of 13 unknown primary patients developed NPC.
The origins of EBV-positive CLNs may not be restricted to the nasopharynx alone, and are likely to involve the head and neck or non-head and neck regions. NPC T0 classification should be cautiously assigned to such tumors.
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Amanda Schneider, Manish Ramesh
Publication date: Available online 17 February 2019
Source: Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Seon-Lin Kim, Sung-Dong Kim, Han-Seul Na, Jae-Wook Kim, Keun-Ik Yi, Sue-Jean Mun, Kyu-Sup Cho
The blocking of airflow into sinonasal cavity may decrease postoperative crusting and the development of adhesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cotton ball packing in patients following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).
Thirty nine patients with chronic rhinosinusitis requiring the same extent of ESS were included. As a part of postoperative care, the patients were instructed to perform a nasal saline irrigation and apply a nasal spray in each nostril, and then informed to put a cotton ball in a one side of nostril, and the other side was kept to be empty as a control. Patients' subjective symptoms, patients' pain while receiving sinonasal cavity debridement, time required to perform debridement, and postoperative wound healing were evaluated.
Although cotton ball packing resulted in less discomfort for postnasal drip, rhinorrhea, headache, and facial pain than no packing, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The cotton ball packing was associated with significantly less pain on while performing postoperative debridement, therefore less time was needed to perform debridement. The cotton ball packing appears to improve wound healing within the sinus cavities up to 1 month postoperatively.
The use of the cotton ball packing after ESS results in significantly less formation of crusts and adhesions, leading to decreasing pain and time during postoperative debridement and promoting faster wound healing.
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Author(s): Amanda Schneider, Manish Ramesh
Publication date: Available online 17 February 2019
Source: Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Seon-Lin Kim, Sung-Dong Kim, Han-Seul Na, Jae-Wook Kim, Keun-Ik Yi, Sue-Jean Mun, Kyu-Sup Cho
The blocking of airflow into sinonasal cavity may decrease postoperative crusting and the development of adhesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cotton ball packing in patients following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).
Thirty nine patients with chronic rhinosinusitis requiring the same extent of ESS were included. As a part of postoperative care, the patients were instructed to perform a nasal saline irrigation and apply a nasal spray in each nostril, and then informed to put a cotton ball in a one side of nostril, and the other side was kept to be empty as a control. Patients' subjective symptoms, patients' pain while receiving sinonasal cavity debridement, time required to perform debridement, and postoperative wound healing were evaluated.
Although cotton ball packing resulted in less discomfort for postnasal drip, rhinorrhea, headache, and facial pain than no packing, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The cotton ball packing was associated with significantly less pain on while performing postoperative debridement, therefore less time was needed to perform debridement. The cotton ball packing appears to improve wound healing within the sinus cavities up to 1 month postoperatively.
The use of the cotton ball packing after ESS results in significantly less formation of crusts and adhesions, leading to decreasing pain and time during postoperative debridement and promoting faster wound healing.
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Cory M. Resnick, Carly E. Calabrese, Salim Afshar, Bonnie L. Padwa
Opioid abuse is a public health concern. Oral opioids are prescribed following removal of third molars, but the amount needed for adequate postoperative analgesia is unknown. The purpose of this study was to quantify opioid need after third molar extractions.
This is a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients that had asymptomatic third molars extracted with intravenous sedation at Boston Children's Hospital from June-October 2018 by 3 attending surgeons. To be included, patients had to have had four third molars removed. Patients were excluded if they had a concomitant procedure, preoperative infection, postoperative inflammatory complication, chronic pain condition, or did not complete the study. Postoperative prescriptions and instructions included: (1) oxycodone 5mg tablets, take 1 every 6 hours as needed, dispense #6; (2) ibuprofen 600mg tablets, take 1 every 6 hours as needed, dispense #20; (3) acetaminophen 325mg tablets, take 2 every 6 hours as needed, dispense #40. Subjects reported medication use via electronic questionnaire each day for 7 postoperative days. Descriptive statistics were calculated.
81 subjects (56% female, mean age 19.4±7.7 years) were included. The average number of oxycodone tablets used was 0.04±0.24, and the highest daily use of oxycodone was on postoperative day (POD) 2 (1.0±0.0 tablets). Oxycodone was taken by 3 subjects (4%) on POD 1, 4 (5%) on POD 2, 2 (3%) on PODs 3 and 4, and 0 on PODs 5-7. Seventy-five subjects (93%) used no postoperative oxycodone; 466 prescribed oxycodone tablets remained unfilled or unused. ibuprofen 600mg was used for 4.6±2.2 PODs and acetaminophen 650mg was used for 3.4±1.9 days.
Oral opioid use following third molar extractions is minimal. Caution is necessary to avoid over-prescribing.
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Cory M. Resnick, Carly E. Calabrese, Salim Afshar, Bonnie L. Padwa
Opioid abuse is a public health concern. Oral opioids are prescribed following removal of third molars, but the amount needed for adequate postoperative analgesia is unknown. The purpose of this study was to quantify opioid need after third molar extractions.
This is a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients that had asymptomatic third molars extracted with intravenous sedation at Boston Children's Hospital from June-October 2018 by 3 attending surgeons. To be included, patients had to have had four third molars removed. Patients were excluded if they had a concomitant procedure, preoperative infection, postoperative inflammatory complication, chronic pain condition, or did not complete the study. Postoperative prescriptions and instructions included: (1) oxycodone 5mg tablets, take 1 every 6 hours as needed, dispense #6; (2) ibuprofen 600mg tablets, take 1 every 6 hours as needed, dispense #20; (3) acetaminophen 325mg tablets, take 2 every 6 hours as needed, dispense #40. Subjects reported medication use via electronic questionnaire each day for 7 postoperative days. Descriptive statistics were calculated.
81 subjects (56% female, mean age 19.4±7.7 years) were included. The average number of oxycodone tablets used was 0.04±0.24, and the highest daily use of oxycodone was on postoperative day (POD) 2 (1.0±0.0 tablets). Oxycodone was taken by 3 subjects (4%) on POD 1, 4 (5%) on POD 2, 2 (3%) on PODs 3 and 4, and 0 on PODs 5-7. Seventy-five subjects (93%) used no postoperative oxycodone; 466 prescribed oxycodone tablets remained unfilled or unused. ibuprofen 600mg was used for 4.6±2.2 PODs and acetaminophen 650mg was used for 3.4±1.9 days.
Oral opioid use following third molar extractions is minimal. Caution is necessary to avoid over-prescribing.
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique
Author(s): J. Quilichini, M. Hivelin, P. Le Masurier, T. Guihard, L. Lantieri
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique
Author(s): J. Quilichini, M. Hivelin, P. Le Masurier, T. Guihard, L. Lantieri
