American Hearing Research Foundation awards 10 grants in FY19

Elmhurst, Illinois – February 7, 2019 – The American Hearing Research Foundation (AHRF) announced that in January 2019, it awarded ten grants to investigators who are exploring hearing and balance disorders of the inner ear.  AHRF awarded over $250,000 in grant monies in 2019.

 

AHRF President Alan Micco, MD, commented, "We were excited by the novel ideas in the proposals. It was difficult to choose. We funded scientists who are pursuing new ideas, and projects whose results could have the greatest impact on how we understand and treat hearing and balance losses."

 

Seven grants of $20,000 to $50,000 were awarded, plus three grants of approximately $1,000 each for otolaryngology residents.  Recipients will explore diverse topics, including ways to deliver hearing-protective drugs to those receiving cancer treatments, gene therapy approaches for inherited hearing loss, sound processing problems associated with autism, and how noise exposure causes changes in a specific region of the brain.

 

One of the AHRF grants was issued in partnership with the American Cochlear Implant (ACI) Alliance. The two organizations co-sponsored a one-time grant of $25,000 for a planning study that will evaluate the lifetime cost and burden of severe to profound hearing loss. One of the project's three principal investigators, Alexandria Quittner, PhD (Nicklaus Children's Research Institute), explains, "If deafness exists before a child acquires speech and language (typically age 3), the lifetime costs to society exceed $1 million per child, according to the Mohr (2000) study. The goal of this multi-disciplinary project is to replicate this study, and extend it by following children with cochlear implants for 13 to 15 years."

 

In 2019, three otolaryngology residents received a Bernard & Lottie Drazin Resident Grant. AHRF offers this grant program to encourage individuals who might pursue a career in hearing and balance research. Each year AHRF offers up to five $1,000 awards to otolaryngology residents at specific institutions. Residents in their third year of otolaryngology programs are required to conduct basic science or clinical research projects.

 

The 2019 grant recipients, academic institutions, and research projects are:

 

American Cochlear Implant Alliance/AHRF Partner Grant ($25,000)

• Alexandra L. Quittner, PhD; Ivette Cejas, PhD; Laurie Eisenberg, PhD; Nicklaus Children's Research Institute, FL; Reductions in Societal Costs and Burden for those with Severe to Profound Hearing Loss: Impact of Pediatric Cochlear Implantation

 

AHRF Regular Grants ($20,000 to $50,000)

• Charles Askew, PhD; Chengwen Li, MD, PhD; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Development of Adeno-Associated Vectors for Genetic Treatment of Inherited Hearing Loss
• Christopher G. Clinard, PhD; Erin G. Piker, AuD, PhD; James Madison University, VA; A more sensitive measure of age-related changes in the vestibular system: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) elicited by amplitude-modulated tones
• Larry Hoffman, PhD; Ashley Kita, MD; Johnny Saldate, PhD; Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Designing a drug-eluting scaffold for ototherapeutics
• Tessa-Jonne F. Ropp, PhD; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Exploring Deficits in the Auditory Cortex Associated with Autism
• Marina Augusto Silveira, PhD; University of Michigan; Neuropeptide Y as a Neuro-modulator of Noise-Induced Hyper-excitability in the Inferior Colliculus
• Xiaodong Tan, PhD; Northwestern University, IL; Protective Effect of Honokiol in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

 

Bernard & Lottie Drazin Memorial Grants for Otolaryngology Residents ($1,000)

• Erin R. Cohen, MD; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Radiation Toxicity and Biology in Merlin-Deficient and Normal Schwann Cells in Vitro
• Nathan R. Lindquist, MD; Baylor College of Medicine, TX; "Evaluation of cognitive function in hearing loss patients utilizing the BrainCheck computerized assessment tool
• Elise Lippmann, MD; University of Illinois at Chicago; Validating the use of a non-linguistic test across a broad clinical population

 

 

About AHRF

AHRF is a nonprofit organization that has been making new discoveries possible for more than 60 years by funding novel research to better understand and overcome hearing and balance disorders of the inner ear. Since 2010, the organization has funded 76 projects with more than $1.6 million in research grants.

For more information on AHRF, visit www.American-Hearing.org. Donations for research funding can be made online.

Follow AHRF on Twitter.  Like AHRF on Facebook. Sign up for newsletter updates on the AHRF homepage.

The post American Hearing Research Foundation awards 10 grants in FY19 appeared first on American Hearing Research Foundation.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2HWQBZn

Winter 2019 Newsletter

View Winter 2019 Newsletter

The post Winter 2019 Newsletter appeared first on American Hearing Research Foundation.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Gge6uG

Computer Algorithms in Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome and Its Application in Estimating Prevalence of Sleep Related Disorders in Population

Abstract

The incorporation of telemedicine and artificial intelligence for early screening and assessment of severity of life-style disorders has a great potential for better assessment in a busy outpatient clinic and thereby curtail down the related morbidities. A computer based algorithm based upon standardized questionnaire (from established assessment tools) is designed to assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). In addition the incorporation of basic screening questions of anamnesis help in suggesting a probable diagnosis of sleep related disorder as well. The overall data at our center has been analyzed to establish the existing pattern of sleep related disorders. Of 850 healthy subjects screened, prevalence of snoring was 20.47% while OSAS was seen in 4.20% (N = 25) in males and 2.64% (N = 8) in females. The parasomnia was most prevalent (14.71%), followed by insomnia (10.24%), periodic leg movement (6.59%), bruxism (1.65%) and narcolepsy (0.59%). Hypertension, laryngopharyngeal reflux and obesity were the common co-morbidities in OSAS while family history of hypertension and diabetes were common in snorers. A significant association with OSA was seen with diabetes mellitus, neck circumference and nasal obstruction, while, obesity and apnoeic episodes were more significantly associated with OSA than snorers. Increased waist to hip ratio was appreciated in both the OSAS and snorers. The algorithm based online assessment is likely to diagnose the occult clinical cases as well as assess the risk of OSAS. In routine outpatient clinic, a clinician may better assess the patient morbidity with a comprehensive availability of symptoms and moreover enhance the post-treatment compliance. In addition a smartphone based computerized assessment for general population may be designed for other lifestyle disorders as well.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Diq1UP

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis Arising from Lingual Thyroid

Abstract

Although lingual thyroid is the most common site for ectopic thyroid gland but carcinomas originating from lingual thyroid are extremely rare, accounting only for 1% of all ectopic thyroids. Here we represent a young female with a bleeding mass at the base of her tongue and review the diagnostic approach towards papillary thyroid carcinoma of lingual thyroid. The surgical treatment and follow up are discussed. A combination of radiological studies and histological evaluation should be deployed to investigate suspicious lingual thyroids. The perspective of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for carcinomas of lingual thyroid is the same as orthotopic thyroid tissue.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SfYfmv

Clinicopathological and Radiological Study of Thyroid Swelling

Abstract

Thyroid swelling is the most common swelling among the endocrine disorder. It can affect any age group. USG neck will help to diagnose the solid and cystic lesions. The treatment is surgical excision. FNAC is a good diagnostic tool to minimize the incidence of thyroidectomy. FNAC is cost effective, reliable and OPD procedure. Final diagnosis can only be made by HPE postoperatively. The aim of this study is to find out the relative occurrence of various pathological conditions presenting as midline thyroid swellings and clinicopathological and radiological examination of the thyroid swellings. A one and half year prospective study which was carried out from October 2016 to April 2018 in ENT department of MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients. A complete clinical, radiological, cytological an HP Examination was done. Total 50 patients were included in the study. Complete clinical data of the patient was gathered from medical records. The maximum number of patients in present study was found in an age group of 31–40 years (34%). There was female predominance with female to male ratio of 7.3:1. Most of the patients belonged to rural background i.e. 42 (84%) patients. Most of the patients present with Left sided neck swelling i.e. 18 (36%) patients. Ultrasound revealed that non neoplastic lesions were present in 44 (88%) patients and 6 (12%) patients had neoplastic lesions. FNAC showed that non neoplastic lesions were present in 38 (76%) patients and 12 (24%) patients had neoplastic lesions. On HPE, non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions were present in 36 (72%) and 14 (28%) patients respectively. Colloid goiter was the most common among the non neoplastic lesions in 29 (58%) patients. Papillary carcinoma was the most common malignant disease in 4 (8%) patients. Thyroid swelling was most commonly seen during the 3rd and 4th decade of life, with a female preponderance. Most common benign thyroid swelling is Colloid goiter and papillary carcinoma was the most common malignant disease. Histopathology is considered as a gold standard.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Dka7tj

Winter 2019 Newsletter

View Winter 2019 Newsletter

The post Winter 2019 Newsletter appeared first on American Hearing Research Foundation.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Gge6uG

Computer Algorithms in Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome and Its Application in Estimating Prevalence of Sleep Related Disorders in Population

Abstract

The incorporation of telemedicine and artificial intelligence for early screening and assessment of severity of life-style disorders has a great potential for better assessment in a busy outpatient clinic and thereby curtail down the related morbidities. A computer based algorithm based upon standardized questionnaire (from established assessment tools) is designed to assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). In addition the incorporation of basic screening questions of anamnesis help in suggesting a probable diagnosis of sleep related disorder as well. The overall data at our center has been analyzed to establish the existing pattern of sleep related disorders. Of 850 healthy subjects screened, prevalence of snoring was 20.47% while OSAS was seen in 4.20% (N = 25) in males and 2.64% (N = 8) in females. The parasomnia was most prevalent (14.71%), followed by insomnia (10.24%), periodic leg movement (6.59%), bruxism (1.65%) and narcolepsy (0.59%). Hypertension, laryngopharyngeal reflux and obesity were the common co-morbidities in OSAS while family history of hypertension and diabetes were common in snorers. A significant association with OSA was seen with diabetes mellitus, neck circumference and nasal obstruction, while, obesity and apnoeic episodes were more significantly associated with OSA than snorers. Increased waist to hip ratio was appreciated in both the OSAS and snorers. The algorithm based online assessment is likely to diagnose the occult clinical cases as well as assess the risk of OSAS. In routine outpatient clinic, a clinician may better assess the patient morbidity with a comprehensive availability of symptoms and moreover enhance the post-treatment compliance. In addition a smartphone based computerized assessment for general population may be designed for other lifestyle disorders as well.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Diq1UP

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis Arising from Lingual Thyroid

Abstract

Although lingual thyroid is the most common site for ectopic thyroid gland but carcinomas originating from lingual thyroid are extremely rare, accounting only for 1% of all ectopic thyroids. Here we represent a young female with a bleeding mass at the base of her tongue and review the diagnostic approach towards papillary thyroid carcinoma of lingual thyroid. The surgical treatment and follow up are discussed. A combination of radiological studies and histological evaluation should be deployed to investigate suspicious lingual thyroids. The perspective of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for carcinomas of lingual thyroid is the same as orthotopic thyroid tissue.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SfYfmv

Clinicopathological and Radiological Study of Thyroid Swelling

Abstract

Thyroid swelling is the most common swelling among the endocrine disorder. It can affect any age group. USG neck will help to diagnose the solid and cystic lesions. The treatment is surgical excision. FNAC is a good diagnostic tool to minimize the incidence of thyroidectomy. FNAC is cost effective, reliable and OPD procedure. Final diagnosis can only be made by HPE postoperatively. The aim of this study is to find out the relative occurrence of various pathological conditions presenting as midline thyroid swellings and clinicopathological and radiological examination of the thyroid swellings. A one and half year prospective study which was carried out from October 2016 to April 2018 in ENT department of MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala. Informed written consent was taken from all the patients. A complete clinical, radiological, cytological an HP Examination was done. Total 50 patients were included in the study. Complete clinical data of the patient was gathered from medical records. The maximum number of patients in present study was found in an age group of 31–40 years (34%). There was female predominance with female to male ratio of 7.3:1. Most of the patients belonged to rural background i.e. 42 (84%) patients. Most of the patients present with Left sided neck swelling i.e. 18 (36%) patients. Ultrasound revealed that non neoplastic lesions were present in 44 (88%) patients and 6 (12%) patients had neoplastic lesions. FNAC showed that non neoplastic lesions were present in 38 (76%) patients and 12 (24%) patients had neoplastic lesions. On HPE, non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions were present in 36 (72%) and 14 (28%) patients respectively. Colloid goiter was the most common among the non neoplastic lesions in 29 (58%) patients. Papillary carcinoma was the most common malignant disease in 4 (8%) patients. Thyroid swelling was most commonly seen during the 3rd and 4th decade of life, with a female preponderance. Most common benign thyroid swelling is Colloid goiter and papillary carcinoma was the most common malignant disease. Histopathology is considered as a gold standard.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Dka7tj

Middle Ear Transducer: Long Term Stability of the Latest Generation T2.

Conclusions: In contrast to the T1 transducers of the earlier generation of MET systems where technical failures occurred frequently, no technical failures were detected after 29 implantations with the current T2 transducers. However, a small but significant decline of transmission efficiency was observable even in the T2 implanted group. PMID: 30723738 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biomed Res)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GwzR8W

Effect of auditory status on visual emotion recognition in adolescents

. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SGTiTb

Middle Ear Transducer: Long Term Stability of the Latest Generation T2.

Conclusions: In contrast to the T1 transducers of the earlier generation of MET systems where technical failures occurred frequently, no technical failures were detected after 29 implantations with the current T2 transducers. However, a small but significant decline of transmission efficiency was observable even in the T2 implanted group. PMID: 30723738 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Biomed Res)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GwzR8W

Effect of auditory status on visual emotion recognition in adolescents

. (Source: Cochlear Implants International)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SGTiTb

4 things everyone needs to know about measles

We are in the midst of a measles outbreak here in the US, with cases being reported in New York City, New York state, and Washington state. In 2018, preliminary numbers indicate that there were 372 cases of measles — more than triple the 120 cases in all of 2017 — and already 79 cases in the first month of 2019 alone. Here are four things that everyone needs to know about measles. Measles is highly contagious This is a point that can't be stressed enough. A full 90% of unvaccinated people exposed to the virus will catch it. And if you think that just staying away from sick people will do the trick, think again. Not only are people with measles infectious for four days before they break out with the rash, the virus can live in the air for up to two hours after an infectious person cou...

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Bq4d9D

4 things everyone needs to know about measles

We are in the midst of a measles outbreak here in the US, with cases being reported in New York City, New York state, and Washington state. In 2018, preliminary numbers indicate that there were 372 cases of measles — more than triple the 120 cases in all of 2017 — and already 79 cases in the first month of 2019 alone. Here are four things that everyone needs to know about measles. Measles is highly contagious This is a point that can't be stressed enough. A full 90% of unvaccinated people exposed to the virus will catch it. And if you think that just staying away from sick people will do the trick, think again. Not only are people with measles infectious for four days before they break out with the rash, the virus can live in the air for up to two hours after an infectious person cou...

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Bq4d9D

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Reveals Unique Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Characteristics in the Hippocampus in the Normal Brain [FUNCTIONAL]

SUMMARY:

We report a prospective dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging analysis of region-specific blood-brain barrier permeability in 5 healthy subjects. By means of standardized postprocessing and ROI sampling methods, the hippocampi revealed significantly elevated area under the dynamic contrast-enhanced curve and significantly increased blood-brain barrier permeability metrics (volume transfer constant and volume in the extravascular extracellular space) from model-based quantitation. These findings suggest unique blood-brain barrier permeability characteristics in the hippocampus, which are concordant with previous animal studies, potentially laying the groundwork for future studies assessing patient populations in which hippocampal pathology plays a role.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RKAca8

Local Hemodynamic Conditions Associated with Focal Changes in the Intracranial Aneurysm Wall [INTERVENTIONAL]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Aneurysm hemodynamics has been associated with wall histology and inflammation. We investigated associations between local hemodynamics and focal wall changes visible intraoperatively.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Computational fluid dynamics models were constructed from 3D images of 65 aneurysms treated surgically. Aneurysm regions with different visual appearances were identified in intraoperative videos: 1) "atherosclerotic" (yellow), 2) "hyperplastic" (white), 3) "thin" (red), 4) rupture site, and 5) "normal" (similar to parent artery), They were marked on 3D reconstructions. Regional hemodynamics was characterized by the following: wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, relative residence time, wall shear stress gradient and divergence, gradient oscillatory number, and dynamic pressure; these were compared using the Mann-Whitney test.

RESULTS:

Hyperplastic regions had lower average wall shear stress (P = .005) and pressure (P = .009) than normal regions. Flow conditions in atherosclerotic and hyperplastic regions were similar but had higher average relative residence time (P = .03) and oscillatory shear index (P = .04) than thin regions. Hyperplastic regions also had a higher average gradient oscillatory number (P = .002) than thin regions. Thin regions had lower average relative residence time (P < .001), oscillatory shear index (P = .006), and gradient oscillatory number (P < .001) than normal regions, and higher average wall shear stress (P = .006) and pressure (P = .009) than hyperplastic regions. Thin regions tended to be aligned with the flow stream, while atherosclerotic and hyperplastic regions tended to be aligned with recirculation zones.

CONCLUSIONS:

Local hemodynamics is associated with visible focal wall changes. Slow swirling flow with low and oscillatory wall shear stress was associated with atherosclerotic and hyperplastic changes. High flow conditions prevalent in regions near the flow impingement site characterized by higher and less oscillatory wall shear stress were associated with local "thinning" of the wall.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SAfFJz

Improved Detection of Subtle Mesial Temporal Sclerosis: Validation of a Commercially Available Software for Automated Segmentation of Hippocampal Volume [ADULT BRAIN]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Identification of mesial temporal sclerosis is critical in the evaluation of individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy. Our aim was to assess the performance of FDA-approved software measures of hippocampal volume to identify mesial temporal sclerosis in patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy compared with the initial clinical interpretation of a neuroradiologist.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Preoperative MRIs of 75 consecutive patients who underwent a temporal resection for temporal lobe epilepsy from 2011 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed, and 71 were analyzed using Neuroreader, a commercially available automated segmentation and volumetric analysis package. Volume measures, including hippocampal volume as a percentage of total intracranial volume and the Neuroreader Index, were calculated. Radiologic interpretations of the MR imaging and pathology from subsequent resections were classified as either mesial temporal sclerosis or other, including normal findings. These measures of hippocampal volume were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves on the basis of pathologic confirmation of mesial temporal sclerosis in the resected temporal lobe. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each method and compared by means of the McNemar test using the optimal threshold as determined by the Youden J point.

RESULTS:

Optimized thresholds of hippocampal percentage of a structural volume relative to total intracranial volume (<0.19%) and the Neuroreader Index (≤–3.8) were selected to optimize sensitivity and specificity (89%/71% and 89%/78%, respectively) for the identification of mesial temporal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy compared with the initial clinical interpretation of the neuroradiologist (50% and 87%). Automated measures of hippocampal volume predicted mesial temporal sclerosis more accurately than radiologic interpretation (McNemar test, P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Commercially available automated segmentation and volume analysis of the hippocampus accurately identifies mesial temporal sclerosis and performs significantly better than the interpretation of the radiologist.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RNEnSz

Disorder in Pixel-Level Edge Directions on T1WI Is Associated with the Degree of Radiation Necrosis in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors: Preliminary Findings [FUNCTIONAL]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Co-occurrence of local anisotropic gradient orientations (COLLAGE) is a recently developed radiomic (computer extracted) feature that captures entropy (measures the degree of disorder) in pixel-level edge directions and was previously shown to distinguish predominant cerebral radiation necrosis from recurrent tumor on gadolinium-contrast T1WI. In this work, we sought to investigate whether COLLAGE measurements from posttreatment gadolinium-contrast T1WI could distinguish varying extents of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor classes in a lesion across primary and metastatic brain tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

On a total of 75 gadolinium-contrast T1WI studies obtained from patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the extent of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor in every brain lesion was histopathologically defined by an expert neuropathologist as the following: 1) "pure" cerebral radiation necrosis; 2) "mixed" pathology with coexistence of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumors; 3) "predominant" (>80%) cerebral radiation necrosis; 4) predominant (>80%) recurrent tumor; and 5) pure tumor. COLLAGE features were extracted from the expert-annotated ROIs on MR imaging. Statistical comparisons of COLLAGE measurements using first-order statistics were performed across pure, mixed, and predominant pathologies of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

RESULTS:

COLLAGE features exhibited decreased skewness for patients with pure (0.15 ± 0.12) and predominant cerebral radiation necrosis (0.25 ± 0.09) and were statistically significantly different (P < .05) from those in patients with predominant recurrent tumors, which had highly skewed (0.42 ± 0.21) COLLAGE values. COLLAGE values for the mixed pathology studies were found to lie between predominant cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor categories.

CONCLUSIONS:

With additional independent multisite validation, COLLAGE measurements might enable noninvasive characterization of the degree of recurrent tumor or cerebral radiation necrosis in gadolinium-contrast T1WI of posttreatment lesions.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SGqPwM

Comparison of Pipeline Embolization Device Sizing Based on Conventional 2D Measurements and Virtual Simulation Using the Sim&Size Software: An Agreement Study [INTERVENTIONAL]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

The Sim&Size software simulates case-specific intraluminal Pipeline Embolization Device behavior, wall apposition, and device length in real-time on the basis of rotational angiography DICOM data. The purpose of this multicenter study was to evaluate whether preimplantation device simulation with the Sim&Size software results in selection of different device dimensions than manual sizing.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In a multicenter cohort of 74 patients undergoing aneurysm treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device, we compared apparent optimal device dimensions determined by neurointerventionalists with considerable Pipeline Embolization Device experience based on manual 2D measurements taken from rotational angiography with computed optimal dimensions determined by Sim&Size experts blinded to the neurointerventionalists' decision. Agreement between manually determined and computed optimal dimensions was evaluated with the Cohen . The significance of the difference was analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

RESULTS:

The agreement index between manual selection and computed optimal dimensions was low ( for diameter = 0.219; for length = 0.149, P < .01). Computed optimal device lengths were significantly shorter (median, 14 versus 16 mm, T = 402, r = –0.28, P < .01). No significant difference was observed for device diameters.

CONCLUSIONS:

Low agreement between manually determined and computed optimal device dimensions is not proof, per se, that virtual simulation performs better than manual selection. Nevertheless, it ultimately reflects the potential for optimization of the device-sizing process, and use of the Sim&Size software reduces, in particular, device length. Nevertheless, further evaluation is required to clarify the impact of device-dimension modifications on outcome.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RMKHK2

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Reveals Unique Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Characteristics in the Hippocampus in the Normal Brain [FUNCTIONAL]

SUMMARY:

We report a prospective dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging analysis of region-specific blood-brain barrier permeability in 5 healthy subjects. By means of standardized postprocessing and ROI sampling methods, the hippocampi revealed significantly elevated area under the dynamic contrast-enhanced curve and significantly increased blood-brain barrier permeability metrics (volume transfer constant and volume in the extravascular extracellular space) from model-based quantitation. These findings suggest unique blood-brain barrier permeability characteristics in the hippocampus, which are concordant with previous animal studies, potentially laying the groundwork for future studies assessing patient populations in which hippocampal pathology plays a role.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RKAca8

Local Hemodynamic Conditions Associated with Focal Changes in the Intracranial Aneurysm Wall [INTERVENTIONAL]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Aneurysm hemodynamics has been associated with wall histology and inflammation. We investigated associations between local hemodynamics and focal wall changes visible intraoperatively.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Computational fluid dynamics models were constructed from 3D images of 65 aneurysms treated surgically. Aneurysm regions with different visual appearances were identified in intraoperative videos: 1) "atherosclerotic" (yellow), 2) "hyperplastic" (white), 3) "thin" (red), 4) rupture site, and 5) "normal" (similar to parent artery), They were marked on 3D reconstructions. Regional hemodynamics was characterized by the following: wall shear stress, oscillatory shear index, relative residence time, wall shear stress gradient and divergence, gradient oscillatory number, and dynamic pressure; these were compared using the Mann-Whitney test.

RESULTS:

Hyperplastic regions had lower average wall shear stress (P = .005) and pressure (P = .009) than normal regions. Flow conditions in atherosclerotic and hyperplastic regions were similar but had higher average relative residence time (P = .03) and oscillatory shear index (P = .04) than thin regions. Hyperplastic regions also had a higher average gradient oscillatory number (P = .002) than thin regions. Thin regions had lower average relative residence time (P < .001), oscillatory shear index (P = .006), and gradient oscillatory number (P < .001) than normal regions, and higher average wall shear stress (P = .006) and pressure (P = .009) than hyperplastic regions. Thin regions tended to be aligned with the flow stream, while atherosclerotic and hyperplastic regions tended to be aligned with recirculation zones.

CONCLUSIONS:

Local hemodynamics is associated with visible focal wall changes. Slow swirling flow with low and oscillatory wall shear stress was associated with atherosclerotic and hyperplastic changes. High flow conditions prevalent in regions near the flow impingement site characterized by higher and less oscillatory wall shear stress were associated with local "thinning" of the wall.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SAfFJz

Improved Detection of Subtle Mesial Temporal Sclerosis: Validation of a Commercially Available Software for Automated Segmentation of Hippocampal Volume [ADULT BRAIN]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Identification of mesial temporal sclerosis is critical in the evaluation of individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy. Our aim was to assess the performance of FDA-approved software measures of hippocampal volume to identify mesial temporal sclerosis in patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy compared with the initial clinical interpretation of a neuroradiologist.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Preoperative MRIs of 75 consecutive patients who underwent a temporal resection for temporal lobe epilepsy from 2011 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed, and 71 were analyzed using Neuroreader, a commercially available automated segmentation and volumetric analysis package. Volume measures, including hippocampal volume as a percentage of total intracranial volume and the Neuroreader Index, were calculated. Radiologic interpretations of the MR imaging and pathology from subsequent resections were classified as either mesial temporal sclerosis or other, including normal findings. These measures of hippocampal volume were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves on the basis of pathologic confirmation of mesial temporal sclerosis in the resected temporal lobe. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each method and compared by means of the McNemar test using the optimal threshold as determined by the Youden J point.

RESULTS:

Optimized thresholds of hippocampal percentage of a structural volume relative to total intracranial volume (<0.19%) and the Neuroreader Index (≤–3.8) were selected to optimize sensitivity and specificity (89%/71% and 89%/78%, respectively) for the identification of mesial temporal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy compared with the initial clinical interpretation of the neuroradiologist (50% and 87%). Automated measures of hippocampal volume predicted mesial temporal sclerosis more accurately than radiologic interpretation (McNemar test, P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Commercially available automated segmentation and volume analysis of the hippocampus accurately identifies mesial temporal sclerosis and performs significantly better than the interpretation of the radiologist.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RNEnSz

Disorder in Pixel-Level Edge Directions on T1WI Is Associated with the Degree of Radiation Necrosis in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors: Preliminary Findings [FUNCTIONAL]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Co-occurrence of local anisotropic gradient orientations (COLLAGE) is a recently developed radiomic (computer extracted) feature that captures entropy (measures the degree of disorder) in pixel-level edge directions and was previously shown to distinguish predominant cerebral radiation necrosis from recurrent tumor on gadolinium-contrast T1WI. In this work, we sought to investigate whether COLLAGE measurements from posttreatment gadolinium-contrast T1WI could distinguish varying extents of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor classes in a lesion across primary and metastatic brain tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

On a total of 75 gadolinium-contrast T1WI studies obtained from patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the extent of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor in every brain lesion was histopathologically defined by an expert neuropathologist as the following: 1) "pure" cerebral radiation necrosis; 2) "mixed" pathology with coexistence of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumors; 3) "predominant" (>80%) cerebral radiation necrosis; 4) predominant (>80%) recurrent tumor; and 5) pure tumor. COLLAGE features were extracted from the expert-annotated ROIs on MR imaging. Statistical comparisons of COLLAGE measurements using first-order statistics were performed across pure, mixed, and predominant pathologies of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

RESULTS:

COLLAGE features exhibited decreased skewness for patients with pure (0.15 ± 0.12) and predominant cerebral radiation necrosis (0.25 ± 0.09) and were statistically significantly different (P < .05) from those in patients with predominant recurrent tumors, which had highly skewed (0.42 ± 0.21) COLLAGE values. COLLAGE values for the mixed pathology studies were found to lie between predominant cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor categories.

CONCLUSIONS:

With additional independent multisite validation, COLLAGE measurements might enable noninvasive characterization of the degree of recurrent tumor or cerebral radiation necrosis in gadolinium-contrast T1WI of posttreatment lesions.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2SGqPwM

Comparison of Pipeline Embolization Device Sizing Based on Conventional 2D Measurements and Virtual Simulation Using the Sim&Size Software: An Agreement Study [INTERVENTIONAL]

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

The Sim&Size software simulates case-specific intraluminal Pipeline Embolization Device behavior, wall apposition, and device length in real-time on the basis of rotational angiography DICOM data. The purpose of this multicenter study was to evaluate whether preimplantation device simulation with the Sim&Size software results in selection of different device dimensions than manual sizing.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In a multicenter cohort of 74 patients undergoing aneurysm treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device, we compared apparent optimal device dimensions determined by neurointerventionalists with considerable Pipeline Embolization Device experience based on manual 2D measurements taken from rotational angiography with computed optimal dimensions determined by Sim&Size experts blinded to the neurointerventionalists' decision. Agreement between manually determined and computed optimal dimensions was evaluated with the Cohen . The significance of the difference was analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

RESULTS:

The agreement index between manual selection and computed optimal dimensions was low ( for diameter = 0.219; for length = 0.149, P < .01). Computed optimal device lengths were significantly shorter (median, 14 versus 16 mm, T = 402, r = –0.28, P < .01). No significant difference was observed for device diameters.

CONCLUSIONS:

Low agreement between manually determined and computed optimal device dimensions is not proof, per se, that virtual simulation performs better than manual selection. Nevertheless, it ultimately reflects the potential for optimization of the device-sizing process, and use of the Sim&Size software reduces, in particular, device length. Nevertheless, further evaluation is required to clarify the impact of device-dimension modifications on outcome.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RMKHK2

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: a Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy that has been well-characterized clinically, yet it is still poorly understood. Acute FPIES is characterized by vomiting 1–4 h and/or diarrhea within 24 h after ingestion of a culprit food. Chronic FPIES is the result of chronic exposure to an offending food that can result in chronic watery diarrhea, intermittent vomiting, and failure to thrive. FPIES typically presents in infancy and self-resolves by school age in most patients. Adult-onset FPIES is rare, but it has been reported. Cow's milk and soy are the most common triggering foods in infants in the US, and as solids are introduced in the diet, FPIES reactions to grains (rice, oat) increase in prevalence. Variability in common trigger foods exists depending on the geographical origin—for example, fish is a frequent trigger in Spanish and Italian patients. Heavy reliance on a detailed history is required for the diagnosis as physical exam findings, laboratory tests, and/or imaging studies are suggestive and not specific for FPIES. Oral food challenges remain the gold standard for confirming diagnosis, and the challenge protocol may be for an individual depending on risk of reaction, prior reaction severity, and positive-specific IgE status. The recent development of diagnostic criteria in 2017 will serve to increase recognition of the disorder and allow for early implementation of management strategies. Acute management during reactions includes IV hydration, anti-emetics, and IV corticosteroids. Reaction prevention strategies include strict food avoidance until the physician deems a food reintroduction challenge clinically appropriate. Future efforts in FPIES research should be aimed at elucidating the underlying disease mechanisms and possible treatment targets.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2td9GMG

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: a Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy that has been well-characterized clinically, yet it is still poorly understood. Acute FPIES is characterized by vomiting 1–4 h and/or diarrhea within 24 h after ingestion of a culprit food. Chronic FPIES is the result of chronic exposure to an offending food that can result in chronic watery diarrhea, intermittent vomiting, and failure to thrive. FPIES typically presents in infancy and self-resolves by school age in most patients. Adult-onset FPIES is rare, but it has been reported. Cow's milk and soy are the most common triggering foods in infants in the US, and as solids are introduced in the diet, FPIES reactions to grains (rice, oat) increase in prevalence. Variability in common trigger foods exists depending on the geographical origin—for example, fish is a frequent trigger in Spanish and Italian patients. Heavy reliance on a detailed history is required for the diagnosis as physical exam findings, laboratory tests, and/or imaging studies are suggestive and not specific for FPIES. Oral food challenges remain the gold standard for confirming diagnosis, and the challenge protocol may be for an individual depending on risk of reaction, prior reaction severity, and positive-specific IgE status. The recent development of diagnostic criteria in 2017 will serve to increase recognition of the disorder and allow for early implementation of management strategies. Acute management during reactions includes IV hydration, anti-emetics, and IV corticosteroids. Reaction prevention strategies include strict food avoidance until the physician deems a food reintroduction challenge clinically appropriate. Future efforts in FPIES research should be aimed at elucidating the underlying disease mechanisms and possible treatment targets.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2td9GMG

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: a Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy that has been well-characterized clinically, yet it is still poorly understood. Acute FPIES is characterized by vomiting 1–4 h and/or diarrhea within 24 h after ingestion of a culprit food. Chronic FPIES is the result of chronic exposure to an offending food that can result in chronic watery diarrhea, intermittent vomiting, and failure to thrive. FPIES typically presents in infancy and self-resolves by school age in most patients. Adult-onset FPIES is rare, but it has been reported. Cow's milk and soy are the most common triggering foods in infants in the US, and as solids are introduced in the diet, FPIES reactions to grains (rice, oat) increase in prevalence. Variability in common trigger foods exists depending on the geographical origin—for example, fish is a frequent trigger in Spanish and Italian patients. Heavy reliance on a detailed history is required for the diagnosis as physical exam findings, laboratory tests, and/or imaging studies are suggestive and not specific for FPIES. Oral food challenges remain the gold standard for confirming diagnosis, and the challenge protocol may be for an individual depending on risk of reaction, prior reaction severity, and positive-specific IgE status. The recent development of diagnostic criteria in 2017 will serve to increase recognition of the disorder and allow for early implementation of management strategies. Acute management during reactions includes IV hydration, anti-emetics, and IV corticosteroids. Reaction prevention strategies include strict food avoidance until the physician deems a food reintroduction challenge clinically appropriate. Future efforts in FPIES research should be aimed at elucidating the underlying disease mechanisms and possible treatment targets.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2td9GMG

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome: a Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy that has been well-characterized clinically, yet it is still poorly understood. Acute FPIES is characterized by vomiting 1–4 h and/or diarrhea within 24 h after ingestion of a culprit food. Chronic FPIES is the result of chronic exposure to an offending food that can result in chronic watery diarrhea, intermittent vomiting, and failure to thrive. FPIES typically presents in infancy and self-resolves by school age in most patients. Adult-onset FPIES is rare, but it has been reported. Cow's milk and soy are the most common triggering foods in infants in the US, and as solids are introduced in the diet, FPIES reactions to grains (rice, oat) increase in prevalence. Variability in common trigger foods exists depending on the geographical origin—for example, fish is a frequent trigger in Spanish and Italian patients. Heavy reliance on a detailed history is required for the diagnosis as physical exam findings, laboratory tests, and/or imaging studies are suggestive and not specific for FPIES. Oral food challenges remain the gold standard for confirming diagnosis, and the challenge protocol may be for an individual depending on risk of reaction, prior reaction severity, and positive-specific IgE status. The recent development of diagnostic criteria in 2017 will serve to increase recognition of the disorder and allow for early implementation of management strategies. Acute management during reactions includes IV hydration, anti-emetics, and IV corticosteroids. Reaction prevention strategies include strict food avoidance until the physician deems a food reintroduction challenge clinically appropriate. Future efforts in FPIES research should be aimed at elucidating the underlying disease mechanisms and possible treatment targets.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2td9GMG

Extensor indicis opponensplasty: a modified evaluation system

Abstract

Background

Extensor indicis opponensplasty is the gold standard treatment for the restoration of opposition in individuals with median nerve injuries, and it has excellent outcomes. Most authors have used the Sundraraj and Mani scoring system, which considered a thumb reaching any fingertip as a good or excellent outcome. To refine the technique for extensor indicis opponensplasty, we propose an informative yet simple system to describe outcomes.

Methods

This study included 13 patients who underwent extensor indicis opponensplasty for median nerve injuries, with four isolated and nine combined. Six patients had triple insertions, and seven had single/double insertions. The patients were evaluated using the Sundraraj and Mani system and our proposed system for the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included return to productivity and complications.

Results

We demonstrated that 92% of the patients achieved excellent results according to the Sundraraj and Mani system. We achieved pulp to little pulp (5A) in seven patients, tip to little pulp (5B) in two patients, pulp to ring pulp (4A) in one patient, tip to ring pulp (4B) in one patient, pulp to middle finger pulp (3A) in one patient, and fair opposition (1) in one patient. A 5A score was achieved in five patients with triple insertion.

Conclusions

The new system proposed in this study better facilitates the comparison of technical variations of opponensplasty.

Level of evidence:Level IV, therapeutic study.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MSZ9iE

Extensor indicis opponensplasty: a modified evaluation system

Abstract

Background

Extensor indicis opponensplasty is the gold standard treatment for the restoration of opposition in individuals with median nerve injuries, and it has excellent outcomes. Most authors have used the Sundraraj and Mani scoring system, which considered a thumb reaching any fingertip as a good or excellent outcome. To refine the technique for extensor indicis opponensplasty, we propose an informative yet simple system to describe outcomes.

Methods

This study included 13 patients who underwent extensor indicis opponensplasty for median nerve injuries, with four isolated and nine combined. Six patients had triple insertions, and seven had single/double insertions. The patients were evaluated using the Sundraraj and Mani system and our proposed system for the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included return to productivity and complications.

Results

We demonstrated that 92% of the patients achieved excellent results according to the Sundraraj and Mani system. We achieved pulp to little pulp (5A) in seven patients, tip to little pulp (5B) in two patients, pulp to ring pulp (4A) in one patient, tip to ring pulp (4B) in one patient, pulp to middle finger pulp (3A) in one patient, and fair opposition (1) in one patient. A 5A score was achieved in five patients with triple insertion.

Conclusions

The new system proposed in this study better facilitates the comparison of technical variations of opponensplasty.

Level of evidence:Level IV, therapeutic study.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MSZ9iE

Extensor indicis opponensplasty: a modified evaluation system

Abstract

Background

Extensor indicis opponensplasty is the gold standard treatment for the restoration of opposition in individuals with median nerve injuries, and it has excellent outcomes. Most authors have used the Sundraraj and Mani scoring system, which considered a thumb reaching any fingertip as a good or excellent outcome. To refine the technique for extensor indicis opponensplasty, we propose an informative yet simple system to describe outcomes.

Methods

This study included 13 patients who underwent extensor indicis opponensplasty for median nerve injuries, with four isolated and nine combined. Six patients had triple insertions, and seven had single/double insertions. The patients were evaluated using the Sundraraj and Mani system and our proposed system for the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included return to productivity and complications.

Results

We demonstrated that 92% of the patients achieved excellent results according to the Sundraraj and Mani system. We achieved pulp to little pulp (5A) in seven patients, tip to little pulp (5B) in two patients, pulp to ring pulp (4A) in one patient, tip to ring pulp (4B) in one patient, pulp to middle finger pulp (3A) in one patient, and fair opposition (1) in one patient. A 5A score was achieved in five patients with triple insertion.

Conclusions

The new system proposed in this study better facilitates the comparison of technical variations of opponensplasty.

Level of evidence:Level IV, therapeutic study.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MSZ9iE

Extensor indicis opponensplasty: a modified evaluation system

Abstract

Background

Extensor indicis opponensplasty is the gold standard treatment for the restoration of opposition in individuals with median nerve injuries, and it has excellent outcomes. Most authors have used the Sundraraj and Mani scoring system, which considered a thumb reaching any fingertip as a good or excellent outcome. To refine the technique for extensor indicis opponensplasty, we propose an informative yet simple system to describe outcomes.

Methods

This study included 13 patients who underwent extensor indicis opponensplasty for median nerve injuries, with four isolated and nine combined. Six patients had triple insertions, and seven had single/double insertions. The patients were evaluated using the Sundraraj and Mani system and our proposed system for the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included return to productivity and complications.

Results

We demonstrated that 92% of the patients achieved excellent results according to the Sundraraj and Mani system. We achieved pulp to little pulp (5A) in seven patients, tip to little pulp (5B) in two patients, pulp to ring pulp (4A) in one patient, tip to ring pulp (4B) in one patient, pulp to middle finger pulp (3A) in one patient, and fair opposition (1) in one patient. A 5A score was achieved in five patients with triple insertion.

Conclusions

The new system proposed in this study better facilitates the comparison of technical variations of opponensplasty.

Level of evidence:Level IV, therapeutic study.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2MSZ9iE

A simple technique to repair a residual oronasal fistula in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients

An anterior palatal oronasal fistula in a bilateral cleft lip and palate is a challenging clinical dilemma. The purpose of this paper is to present a two-stage technique to repair the fistula in consistent fashion. The technique was developed to avoid more complicated procedures that had greater morbidity to be used on larger oronasal defects that could not be treated in a single procedure.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2I0HF56

ChAT-ty T cells fight viral infection

(Source: ScienceNOW)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RN71mw

A sweeter approach to vaccine design

(Source: ScienceNOW)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPTkf

Innate immune recognition of glycans targets HIV nanoparticle immunogens to germinal centers

In vaccine design, antigens are often arrayed in a multivalent nanoparticle form, but in vivo mechanisms underlying the enhanced immunity elicited by such vaccines remain poorly understood. We compared the fates of two different heavily glycosylated HIV antigens, a gp120-derived mini-protein and a large, stabilized envelope trimer, in protein nanoparticle or "free" forms after primary immunization. Unlike monomeric antigens, nanoparticles were rapidly shuttled to the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network and then concentrated in germinal centers in a complement-, mannose-binding lectin (MBL)–, and immunogen glycan–dependent manner. Loss of FDC localization in MBL-deficient mice or via immunogen deglycosylation significantly affected antibody responses. These findings identify...

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RN6BMY

HIV glycans and nanoparticle vaccines

(Source: ScienceNOW)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPNZV

Choline acetyltransferase-expressing T cells are required to control chronic viral infection

Although widely studied as a neurotransmitter, T cell–derived acetylcholine (ACh) has recently been reported to play an important role in regulating immunity. However, the role of lymphocyte-derived ACh in viral infection is unknown. Here, we show that the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of ACh production, is robustly induced in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in an IL-21–dependent manner. Deletion of Chat within the T cell compartment in mice ablated vasodilation in response to infection, impaired the migration of antiviral T cells into infected tissues, and ultimately compromised the control of chronic LCMV clone 13 infection. Our results reveal a genetic proof of function fo...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPKxd

Medical News Today: What to know about dermatitis herpetiformis

This article discusses the causes, symptoms, and treatments of dermatitis herpetiformis. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOQaDN

ChAT-ty T cells fight viral infection

(Source: ScienceNOW)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RN71mw

A sweeter approach to vaccine design

(Source: ScienceNOW)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPTkf

Innate immune recognition of glycans targets HIV nanoparticle immunogens to germinal centers

In vaccine design, antigens are often arrayed in a multivalent nanoparticle form, but in vivo mechanisms underlying the enhanced immunity elicited by such vaccines remain poorly understood. We compared the fates of two different heavily glycosylated HIV antigens, a gp120-derived mini-protein and a large, stabilized envelope trimer, in protein nanoparticle or "free" forms after primary immunization. Unlike monomeric antigens, nanoparticles were rapidly shuttled to the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network and then concentrated in germinal centers in a complement-, mannose-binding lectin (MBL)–, and immunogen glycan–dependent manner. Loss of FDC localization in MBL-deficient mice or via immunogen deglycosylation significantly affected antibody responses. These findings identify...

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RN6BMY

HIV glycans and nanoparticle vaccines

(Source: ScienceNOW)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPNZV

Slowing blood flow to fight viral infection

(Source: ScienceNOW)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RN6zEQ

Choline acetyltransferase-expressing T cells are required to control chronic viral infection

Although widely studied as a neurotransmitter, T cell–derived acetylcholine (ACh) has recently been reported to play an important role in regulating immunity. However, the role of lymphocyte-derived ACh in viral infection is unknown. Here, we show that the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of ACh production, is robustly induced in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in an IL-21–dependent manner. Deletion of Chat within the T cell compartment in mice ablated vasodilation in response to infection, impaired the migration of antiviral T cells into infected tissues, and ultimately compromised the control of chronic LCMV clone 13 infection. Our results reveal a genetic proof of function fo...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPKxd

Discrepancies in Interpretation of the Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome

Although the minor salivary gland biopsy(MSGB) is a major criterion for diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome(SS), multiple studies have outlined difficulties in standardization.1,2 The purpose of this study was to answer the following question: In all patients referred for MSGB, did strict application of focus scoring criteria alter the sensitivity of and predictive value of the MSGB in the diagnosis of SS when compared to the initial interpretation?

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GfVzyQ

Medical News Today: What to know about dermatitis herpetiformis

This article discusses the causes, symptoms, and treatments of dermatitis herpetiformis. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOQaDN

ChAT-ty T cells fight viral infection

(Source: ScienceNOW)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RN71mw

A sweeter approach to vaccine design

(Source: ScienceNOW)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPTkf

Innate immune recognition of glycans targets HIV nanoparticle immunogens to germinal centers

In vaccine design, antigens are often arrayed in a multivalent nanoparticle form, but in vivo mechanisms underlying the enhanced immunity elicited by such vaccines remain poorly understood. We compared the fates of two different heavily glycosylated HIV antigens, a gp120-derived mini-protein and a large, stabilized envelope trimer, in protein nanoparticle or "free" forms after primary immunization. Unlike monomeric antigens, nanoparticles were rapidly shuttled to the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network and then concentrated in germinal centers in a complement-, mannose-binding lectin (MBL)–, and immunogen glycan–dependent manner. Loss of FDC localization in MBL-deficient mice or via immunogen deglycosylation significantly affected antibody responses. These findings identify...

MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales in the UK. Any income gained via affiliate links keeps MedWorm running.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RN6BMY

HIV glycans and nanoparticle vaccines

(Source: ScienceNOW)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPNZV

Slowing blood flow to fight viral infection

(Source: ScienceNOW)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RN6zEQ

Choline acetyltransferase-expressing T cells are required to control chronic viral infection

Although widely studied as a neurotransmitter, T cell–derived acetylcholine (ACh) has recently been reported to play an important role in regulating immunity. However, the role of lymphocyte-derived ACh in viral infection is unknown. Here, we show that the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of ACh production, is robustly induced in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in an IL-21–dependent manner. Deletion of Chat within the T cell compartment in mice ablated vasodilation in response to infection, impaired the migration of antiviral T cells into infected tissues, and ultimately compromised the control of chronic LCMV clone 13 infection. Our results reveal a genetic proof of function fo...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPKxd

Medical News Today: What to know about dermatitis herpetiformis

This article discusses the causes, symptoms, and treatments of dermatitis herpetiformis. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOQaDN

ChAT-ty T cells fight viral infection

(Source: ScienceNOW)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RN71mw

A sweeter approach to vaccine design

(Source: ScienceNOW)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPTkf

HIV glycans and nanoparticle vaccines

(Source: ScienceNOW)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPNZV

Slowing blood flow to fight viral infection

(Source: ScienceNOW)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2RN6zEQ

Choline acetyltransferase-expressing T cells are required to control chronic viral infection

Although widely studied as a neurotransmitter, T cell–derived acetylcholine (ACh) has recently been reported to play an important role in regulating immunity. However, the role of lymphocyte-derived ACh in viral infection is unknown. Here, we show that the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of ACh production, is robustly induced in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in an IL-21–dependent manner. Deletion of Chat within the T cell compartment in mice ablated vasodilation in response to infection, impaired the migration of antiviral T cells into infected tissues, and ultimately compromised the control of chronic LCMV clone 13 infection. Our results reveal a genetic proof of function fo...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2WOPKxd

A simple technique to repair a residual oronasal fistula in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients

An anterior palatal oronasal fistula in a bilateral cleft lip and palate is a challenging clinical dilemma. The purpose of this paper is to present a two-stage technique to repair the fistula in consistent fashion. The technique was developed to avoid more complicated procedures that had greater morbidity to be used on larger oronasal defects that could not be treated in a single procedure.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2I0HF56

Discrepancies in Interpretation of the Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome

Although the minor salivary gland biopsy(MSGB) is a major criterion for diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome(SS), multiple studies have outlined difficulties in standardization.1,2 The purpose of this study was to answer the following question: In all patients referred for MSGB, did strict application of focus scoring criteria alter the sensitivity of and predictive value of the MSGB in the diagnosis of SS when compared to the initial interpretation?

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GfVzyQ

A simple technique to repair a residual oronasal fistula in bilateral cleft lip and palate patients

An anterior palatal oronasal fistula in a bilateral cleft lip and palate is a challenging clinical dilemma. The purpose of this paper is to present a two-stage technique to repair the fistula in consistent fashion. The technique was developed to avoid more complicated procedures that had greater morbidity to be used on larger oronasal defects that could not be treated in a single procedure.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2I0HF56

Discrepancies in Interpretation of the Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome

Although the minor salivary gland biopsy(MSGB) is a major criterion for diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome(SS), multiple studies have outlined difficulties in standardization.1,2 The purpose of this study was to answer the following question: In all patients referred for MSGB, did strict application of focus scoring criteria alter the sensitivity of and predictive value of the MSGB in the diagnosis of SS when compared to the initial interpretation?

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GfVzyQ

Eosinophil Peroxidase, GATA3 and T-bet as Tissue Biomarkers in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Eosinophil peroxidase is a potential biomarker for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Th2/Th1 polarization, as measured by GATA3 and T-bet, was not associated with eosinophilia or any clinical or histopathologic feature of chronic rhinosinusitis.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2UK5VtL

A Volumetric Survey of Aeroallergens in San Antonio, Texas From 2012-2017: Not All Allergens Fit The Mold

An aeroallergen survey of Texas trees, weeds and grasses does not exist. This is the first survey of the unique pollinating patterns in San Antonio, TX developed to tailor testing and immunotherapy.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2UPat2e

Stensen's duct dilation: case series of minimally invasive treatment

Stensen's duct dilation is a rare condition defined by a global or partial idiopathic dilation of the Stensen's duct. Affected patients usually show either aesthetic features, such as a tubular-shaped swelling in the cheek, or with mildly painful inflammatory episodes. Three women between the ages of 61 and 67 years were diagnosed with Stensen's duct dilatation after sialoMRI. They were treated with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A). Our preliminary results suggest that Botulinum Toxin A was efficient as a suspensive treatment.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tc2Mr2

Plasmacytoid cells in salivary pleomorphic adenoma. An alternative interpretation of their immunohistochemical characteristics highlights function and capability for epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Plasmacytoid cells (PLCs) in salivary pleomorphic adenoma (SPA) are regarded as modified neoplastic myoepithelia and define plasmacytoid myoepithelioma (pMYO). However, histochemically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, PLCs fail to demonstrate frank myogenous properties. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may explain the phenotypes in SPA. Our aim was to evaluate 1) PLCs with accepted or purported myoepithelial and EMT-related markers; and 2) pMYOs for PLAG1 aberrations by FISH.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2URd3EZ

Pericoronal radiolucency surrounding an impacted mandibular molar

A 19-year-old female with no significant past medical history was referred to an oral surgeon by her otolaryngologist (ENT) for evaluation of a radiolucency in the right mandible. She had been experiencing right-sided jaw discomfort for 4 months and 2 weeks prior to the date of the biopsy. She was evaluated by the ENT for bilateral tenderness of the ears, which was diagnosed as bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis. A radiolucency of the right mandible was discovered upon radiographic imaging, which prompted referral to her oral surgeon.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2UMtYIM

CLINICO-RADIOLOGICAL FOLLOW UP OF CHERUBISM WITH AGGRESSIVE CHARACTERISTICS: A SERIES OF 3 CASES

Cherubism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by degradation of bone that is replaced by fibrous tissue containing multinucleated giant cells. It clinically manifests as bilateral mandibular and maxillary enlargement. The recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of 2017 now lists cherubism as one of the giant cell lesions of the jaws, distinct from fibro-osseous disorders.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2t8ZPaL

Plasmacytoid cells in salivary pleomorphic adenoma. An alternative interpretation of their immunohistochemical characteristics highlights function and capability for epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Plasmacytoid cells (PLCs) in salivary pleomorphic adenoma (SPA) are regarded as modified neoplastic myoepithelia and define plasmacytoid myoepithelioma (pMYO). However, histochemically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, PLCs fail to demonstrate frank myogenous properties. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may explain the phenotypes in SPA. Our aim was to evaluate 1) PLCs with accepted or purported myoepithelial and EMT-related markers; and 2) pMYOs for PLAG1 aberrations by FISH.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2URd3EZ

Eosinophil Peroxidase, GATA3 and T-bet as Tissue Biomarkers in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Eosinophil peroxidase is a potential biomarker for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Th2/Th1 polarization, as measured by GATA3 and T-bet, was not associated with eosinophilia or any clinical or histopathologic feature of chronic rhinosinusitis.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2UK5VtL

A Volumetric Survey of Aeroallergens in San Antonio, Texas From 2012-2017: Not All Allergens Fit The Mold

An aeroallergen survey of Texas trees, weeds and grasses does not exist. This is the first survey of the unique pollinating patterns in San Antonio, TX developed to tailor testing and immunotherapy.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2UPat2e

Stensen's duct dilation: case series of minimally invasive treatment

Stensen's duct dilation is a rare condition defined by a global or partial idiopathic dilation of the Stensen's duct. Affected patients usually show either aesthetic features, such as a tubular-shaped swelling in the cheek, or with mildly painful inflammatory episodes. Three women between the ages of 61 and 67 years were diagnosed with Stensen's duct dilatation after sialoMRI. They were treated with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A). Our preliminary results suggest that Botulinum Toxin A was efficient as a suspensive treatment.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tc2Mr2

Association of geographic tongue and fissured tongue with ABO blood group among adult psoriasis patients – A novel study from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia

We aimed to determine if there was any association between geographic tongue and fissured tongue with ABO blood group among adult psoriasis patients in Saudi Arabia.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tc2H6I

Pericoronal radiolucency surrounding an impacted mandibular molar

A 19-year-old female with no significant past medical history was referred to an oral surgeon by her otolaryngologist (ENT) for evaluation of a radiolucency in the right mandible. She had been experiencing right-sided jaw discomfort for 4 months and 2 weeks prior to the date of the biopsy. She was evaluated by the ENT for bilateral tenderness of the ears, which was diagnosed as bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis. A radiolucency of the right mandible was discovered upon radiographic imaging, which prompted referral to her oral surgeon.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2UMtYIM

CLINICO-RADIOLOGICAL FOLLOW UP OF CHERUBISM WITH AGGRESSIVE CHARACTERISTICS: A SERIES OF 3 CASES

Cherubism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by degradation of bone that is replaced by fibrous tissue containing multinucleated giant cells. It clinically manifests as bilateral mandibular and maxillary enlargement. The recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of 2017 now lists cherubism as one of the giant cell lesions of the jaws, distinct from fibro-osseous disorders.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2t8ZPaL

Antibiotic prophylaxis: current recommendations in plastic surgery

Abstract

Background

Guidelines for prophylactic antibiotics in surgery have long been established; however, few have focused on recommendations in plastic surgery. Surgical site infection rates remain low, yet the use of prophylactic antibiotics has surged in the past 30 years. This article summarizes current recommendations of prophylactic antibiotic use to produce consensus guidelines in plastic surgery.

Methods

A literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Ovid databases and studies were included if randomized controlled trials indicated a statistically significant decrease in surgical site infections. Surveys conducted by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons regarding prophylactic antibiotic use from 1975, 1985, 2000, and 2010 were compiled and analyzed.

Results

Of 143 articles found, nine randomized controlled trials showed a reduction in surgical site infections after antibiotic prophylaxis for specific plastic surgery procedures. There are evidence-based recommendations for prophylactic antibiotics in breast surgery, abdominoplasty, contaminated hand or face surgery, prosthetic surgery, rhinoplasty, microsurgery, and acute and burn reconstruction cases. The proportion of plastic surgeons using prophylactic antibiotics has steadily increased from 1975 to 2010 with a significant increase from 2000 to 2010.

Conclusions

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for use in breast surgery, abdominoplasty, contaminated hand or face surgery, prosthetic surgery, rhinoplasty, microsurgery, and acute and burn reconstruction cases. Recent surveys indicate that the majority of plastic surgeons continue to use prophylactic antibiotics in clean cases of the hand, face, and body despite recommendations. Additional procedure-specific randomized controlled trials are necessary to provide evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery.

Level of Evidence: Level IV, risk / prognostic study

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BnCPcE

Perception of lexical stress and sentence focus by Korean-speaking and Spanish-speaking L2 learners of English

In this study, 32 Spanish learners of English and 38 Korean learners of English completed a lexical stress and a sentence focus oddity test. The results revealed that having lexical stress and phrasal accent in the L1 facilitates the acquisition of L2 prominence, but that differences in how this information is instantiated in the L1 may have a negative effect in its acquisition. (Source: Language Sciences)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2DYEzug

Anglicisms in German media: Exploring catachrestic and non-catachrestic innovations in radio station imaging

Publication date: Available online 7 February 2019Source: LinguaAuthor(s): Sarah Josefine SchaeferAbstractThis paper explores the usage of catachrestic and non-catachrestic anglicism occurrences in radio station imaging materials. These programme elements are taken from a transcribed radio corpus and analysed by means of examining quantitative data and qualitative interviews with 19 journalists. The linguistic analysis of the station imaging content is grounded in the concept of catachrestic and non-catachrestic anglicisms developed by Onysko and Winter-Froemel (2011), which redefines the traditional distinction of luxury and necessary loans in German.Based on a second study by Winter-Froemel et al. (2014), which analyses reasons for the success of some non-catachrestic anglicisms over oth...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Gwxt28

Antibiotic prophylaxis: current recommendations in plastic surgery

Abstract

Background

Guidelines for prophylactic antibiotics in surgery have long been established; however, few have focused on recommendations in plastic surgery. Surgical site infection rates remain low, yet the use of prophylactic antibiotics has surged in the past 30 years. This article summarizes current recommendations of prophylactic antibiotic use to produce consensus guidelines in plastic surgery.

Methods

A literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Ovid databases and studies were included if randomized controlled trials indicated a statistically significant decrease in surgical site infections. Surveys conducted by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons regarding prophylactic antibiotic use from 1975, 1985, 2000, and 2010 were compiled and analyzed.

Results

Of 143 articles found, nine randomized controlled trials showed a reduction in surgical site infections after antibiotic prophylaxis for specific plastic surgery procedures. There are evidence-based recommendations for prophylactic antibiotics in breast surgery, abdominoplasty, contaminated hand or face surgery, prosthetic surgery, rhinoplasty, microsurgery, and acute and burn reconstruction cases. The proportion of plastic surgeons using prophylactic antibiotics has steadily increased from 1975 to 2010 with a significant increase from 2000 to 2010.

Conclusions

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for use in breast surgery, abdominoplasty, contaminated hand or face surgery, prosthetic surgery, rhinoplasty, microsurgery, and acute and burn reconstruction cases. Recent surveys indicate that the majority of plastic surgeons continue to use prophylactic antibiotics in clean cases of the hand, face, and body despite recommendations. Additional procedure-specific randomized controlled trials are necessary to provide evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery.

Level of Evidence: Level IV, risk / prognostic study

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BnCPcE

Perception of lexical stress and sentence focus by Korean-speaking and Spanish-speaking L2 learners of English

In this study, 32 Spanish learners of English and 38 Korean learners of English completed a lexical stress and a sentence focus oddity test. The results revealed that having lexical stress and phrasal accent in the L1 facilitates the acquisition of L2 prominence, but that differences in how this information is instantiated in the L1 may have a negative effect in its acquisition. (Source: Language Sciences)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2DYEzug

Anglicisms in German media: Exploring catachrestic and non-catachrestic innovations in radio station imaging

Publication date: Available online 7 February 2019Source: LinguaAuthor(s): Sarah Josefine SchaeferAbstractThis paper explores the usage of catachrestic and non-catachrestic anglicism occurrences in radio station imaging materials. These programme elements are taken from a transcribed radio corpus and analysed by means of examining quantitative data and qualitative interviews with 19 journalists. The linguistic analysis of the station imaging content is grounded in the concept of catachrestic and non-catachrestic anglicisms developed by Onysko and Winter-Froemel (2011), which redefines the traditional distinction of luxury and necessary loans in German.Based on a second study by Winter-Froemel et al. (2014), which analyses reasons for the success of some non-catachrestic anglicisms over oth...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2Gwxt28

Antibiotic prophylaxis: current recommendations in plastic surgery

Abstract

Background

Guidelines for prophylactic antibiotics in surgery have long been established; however, few have focused on recommendations in plastic surgery. Surgical site infection rates remain low, yet the use of prophylactic antibiotics has surged in the past 30 years. This article summarizes current recommendations of prophylactic antibiotic use to produce consensus guidelines in plastic surgery.

Methods

A literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Ovid databases and studies were included if randomized controlled trials indicated a statistically significant decrease in surgical site infections. Surveys conducted by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons regarding prophylactic antibiotic use from 1975, 1985, 2000, and 2010 were compiled and analyzed.

Results

Of 143 articles found, nine randomized controlled trials showed a reduction in surgical site infections after antibiotic prophylaxis for specific plastic surgery procedures. There are evidence-based recommendations for prophylactic antibiotics in breast surgery, abdominoplasty, contaminated hand or face surgery, prosthetic surgery, rhinoplasty, microsurgery, and acute and burn reconstruction cases. The proportion of plastic surgeons using prophylactic antibiotics has steadily increased from 1975 to 2010 with a significant increase from 2000 to 2010.

Conclusions

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for use in breast surgery, abdominoplasty, contaminated hand or face surgery, prosthetic surgery, rhinoplasty, microsurgery, and acute and burn reconstruction cases. Recent surveys indicate that the majority of plastic surgeons continue to use prophylactic antibiotics in clean cases of the hand, face, and body despite recommendations. Additional procedure-specific randomized controlled trials are necessary to provide evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery.

Level of Evidence: Level IV, risk / prognostic study

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BnCPcE

Antibiotic prophylaxis: current recommendations in plastic surgery

Abstract

Background

Guidelines for prophylactic antibiotics in surgery have long been established; however, few have focused on recommendations in plastic surgery. Surgical site infection rates remain low, yet the use of prophylactic antibiotics has surged in the past 30 years. This article summarizes current recommendations of prophylactic antibiotic use to produce consensus guidelines in plastic surgery.

Methods

A literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Ovid databases and studies were included if randomized controlled trials indicated a statistically significant decrease in surgical site infections. Surveys conducted by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons regarding prophylactic antibiotic use from 1975, 1985, 2000, and 2010 were compiled and analyzed.

Results

Of 143 articles found, nine randomized controlled trials showed a reduction in surgical site infections after antibiotic prophylaxis for specific plastic surgery procedures. There are evidence-based recommendations for prophylactic antibiotics in breast surgery, abdominoplasty, contaminated hand or face surgery, prosthetic surgery, rhinoplasty, microsurgery, and acute and burn reconstruction cases. The proportion of plastic surgeons using prophylactic antibiotics has steadily increased from 1975 to 2010 with a significant increase from 2000 to 2010.

Conclusions

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for use in breast surgery, abdominoplasty, contaminated hand or face surgery, prosthetic surgery, rhinoplasty, microsurgery, and acute and burn reconstruction cases. Recent surveys indicate that the majority of plastic surgeons continue to use prophylactic antibiotics in clean cases of the hand, face, and body despite recommendations. Additional procedure-specific randomized controlled trials are necessary to provide evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery.

Level of Evidence: Level IV, risk / prognostic study

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2BnCPcE

Request for Information (RFI): Immunologic Assays for Identifying Correlates of Protection (COP) Against Congenital Cytomegalovirus Transmission and/or Disease

Notice NOT-AI-19-035 from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts (Source: NIH Funding Opportunities (Notices, PA, RFA))

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2GfE8OG

Pulmatrix wins FDA nod for PhII trial of inhaled anti-fungal therapy

Pulmatrix (NSDQ:PULM) said today that the FDA approved a Phase II trial of the company's inhaled formulation of the anti-fungal drug itraconazole for the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with asthma. The Lexington, Mass.-based company plans to kick off the trial in the first half of 2019, with top-line data expected in the second quarter of 2020. Get the full story at our sister site, Drug Delivery Business News. The post Pulmatrix wins FDA nod for PhII trial of inhaled anti-fungal therapy appeared first on MassDevice. (Source: Mass Device)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tcEUUa

Study of PrEP and vaginal ring for HIV prevention begins in girls and young women

(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A clinical trial has begun to examine the safety and use of two HIV prevention tools -- oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and a vaginal ring -- in adolescent girls and young women in southern Africa. Funded by the National Institutes of Health, the trial is designed to contribute to the delivery of safe, effective and desirable choices of HIV prevention methods for adolescent girls and young women, who are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2UGrJXc

Pulmatrix wins FDA nod for PhII trial of inhaled anti-fungal therapy

Pulmatrix (NSDQ:PULM) said today that the FDA approved a Phase II trial of the company's inhaled formulation of the anti-fungal drug itraconazole for the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with asthma. The Lexington, Mass.-based company plans to kick off the trial in the first half of 2019, with top-line data expected in the second quarter of 2020. Get the full story at our sister site, Drug Delivery Business News. The post Pulmatrix wins FDA nod for PhII trial of inhaled anti-fungal therapy appeared first on MassDevice. (Source: Mass Device)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tcEUUa

Study of PrEP and vaginal ring for HIV prevention begins in girls and young women

(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A clinical trial has begun to examine the safety and use of two HIV prevention tools -- oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and a vaginal ring -- in adolescent girls and young women in southern Africa. Funded by the National Institutes of Health, the trial is designed to contribute to the delivery of safe, effective and desirable choices of HIV prevention methods for adolescent girls and young women, who are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2UGrJXc

Pulmatrix wins FDA nod for PhII trial of inhaled anti-fungal therapy

Pulmatrix (NSDQ:PULM) said today that the FDA approved a Phase II trial of the company's inhaled formulation of the anti-fungal drug itraconazole for the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with asthma. The Lexington, Mass.-based company plans to kick off the trial in the first half of 2019, with top-line data expected in the second quarter of 2020. Get the full story at our sister site, Drug Delivery Business News. The post Pulmatrix wins FDA nod for PhII trial of inhaled anti-fungal therapy appeared first on MassDevice. (Source: Mass Device)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tcEUUa

Study of PrEP and vaginal ring for HIV prevention begins in girls and young women

(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A clinical trial has begun to examine the safety and use of two HIV prevention tools -- oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and a vaginal ring -- in adolescent girls and young women in southern Africa. Funded by the National Institutes of Health, the trial is designed to contribute to the delivery of safe, effective and desirable choices of HIV prevention methods for adolescent girls and young women, who are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2UGrJXc

Pulmatrix wins FDA nod for PhII trial of inhaled anti-fungal therapy

Pulmatrix (NSDQ:PULM) said today that the FDA approved a Phase II trial of the company's inhaled formulation of the anti-fungal drug itraconazole for the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in people with asthma. The Lexington, Mass.-based company plans to kick off the trial in the first half of 2019, with top-line data expected in the second quarter of 2020. Get the full story at our sister site, Drug Delivery Business News. The post Pulmatrix wins FDA nod for PhII trial of inhaled anti-fungal therapy appeared first on MassDevice. (Source: Mass Device)

MedWorm Message: Have you tried our new medical search engine? More powerful than before. Log on with your social media account. 100% free.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2tcEUUa

Study of PrEP and vaginal ring for HIV prevention begins in girls and young women

(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) A clinical trial has begun to examine the safety and use of two HIV prevention tools -- oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and a vaginal ring -- in adolescent girls and young women in southern Africa. Funded by the National Institutes of Health, the trial is designed to contribute to the delivery of safe, effective and desirable choices of HIV prevention methods for adolescent girls and young women, who are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. (Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2UGrJXc

Modified Lower Blepharoplasty with Fat Repositioning via Transconjunctival Approach to Correct Tear Trough Deformity

Abstract

Background

Over the years, many techniques have been described to correct tear trough deformity (TTD). Fat-repositioning lower blepharoplasty via a transconjunctival approach is increasingly applied due to its satisfactory rejuvenating effect. However, those methods have disadvantages such as a complicated surgical approach, residual scar, and long recovery time.

Objectives

We modified the surgical technique of fat-repositioning transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty with an effective but easy internal fixation method via a supraperiosteal approach.

Methods

From January 2014 to December 2017, 110 patients underwent bilateral modified lower blepharoplasty with fat-repositioning. Preoperatively, the grade of TTD was evaluated according to Barton's grading system. Postoperative results and complications were assessed during the follow-up period.

Results

TTD was ameliorated in 97.73% of the cases; the remaining 2.27% cases with no improvement underwent revision and achieved Grade 0 on Barton's grading system thereafter. All patients were satisfied with the final outcome. Few postoperative complications were observed, none of which led to a permanent condition. Three cases of local depression and one case of local bulge were treated with surgical refinements. One case of postoperative hemorrhage was healed by electrocautery.

Conclusions

Our modified method of transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty with fat repositioning is safe and effective to improve TTD without severe orbital skin laxity.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TDgONM

Modified Lower Blepharoplasty with Fat Repositioning via Transconjunctival Approach to Correct Tear Trough Deformity

Abstract

Background

Over the years, many techniques have been described to correct tear trough deformity (TTD). Fat-repositioning lower blepharoplasty via a transconjunctival approach is increasingly applied due to its satisfactory rejuvenating effect. However, those methods have disadvantages such as a complicated surgical approach, residual scar, and long recovery time.

Objectives

We modified the surgical technique of fat-repositioning transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty with an effective but easy internal fixation method via a supraperiosteal approach.

Methods

From January 2014 to December 2017, 110 patients underwent bilateral modified lower blepharoplasty with fat-repositioning. Preoperatively, the grade of TTD was evaluated according to Barton's grading system. Postoperative results and complications were assessed during the follow-up period.

Results

TTD was ameliorated in 97.73% of the cases; the remaining 2.27% cases with no improvement underwent revision and achieved Grade 0 on Barton's grading system thereafter. All patients were satisfied with the final outcome. Few postoperative complications were observed, none of which led to a permanent condition. Three cases of local depression and one case of local bulge were treated with surgical refinements. One case of postoperative hemorrhage was healed by electrocautery.

Conclusions

Our modified method of transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty with fat repositioning is safe and effective to improve TTD without severe orbital skin laxity.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TDgONM

Modified Lower Blepharoplasty with Fat Repositioning via Transconjunctival Approach to Correct Tear Trough Deformity

Abstract

Background

Over the years, many techniques have been described to correct tear trough deformity (TTD). Fat-repositioning lower blepharoplasty via a transconjunctival approach is increasingly applied due to its satisfactory rejuvenating effect. However, those methods have disadvantages such as a complicated surgical approach, residual scar, and long recovery time.

Objectives

We modified the surgical technique of fat-repositioning transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty with an effective but easy internal fixation method via a supraperiosteal approach.

Methods

From January 2014 to December 2017, 110 patients underwent bilateral modified lower blepharoplasty with fat-repositioning. Preoperatively, the grade of TTD was evaluated according to Barton's grading system. Postoperative results and complications were assessed during the follow-up period.

Results

TTD was ameliorated in 97.73% of the cases; the remaining 2.27% cases with no improvement underwent revision and achieved Grade 0 on Barton's grading system thereafter. All patients were satisfied with the final outcome. Few postoperative complications were observed, none of which led to a permanent condition. Three cases of local depression and one case of local bulge were treated with surgical refinements. One case of postoperative hemorrhage was healed by electrocautery.

Conclusions

Our modified method of transconjunctival lower blepharoplasty with fat repositioning is safe and effective to improve TTD without severe orbital skin laxity.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://bit.ly/2TDgONM