Fine Particulate Matter-Induced Exacerbation of Allergic Asthma via Activation of T-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 1.

Conclusions: Exacerbated AHR associated with allergic asthma caused by PM2.5is related to increased apoptosis and TIM-1 activation. These data might provide insights into therapeutic targets for the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma induced by PM2.5. PMID: 30334531 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chinese Medical Journal)

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Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease.

CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support short-term or prolonged feeding with a hydrolysed formula compared with exclusive breast feeding for prevention of allergic disease. Very low-quality evidence indicates that short-term use of an EHF compared with a CMF may prevent infant CMA. Further trials are recommended before implementation of this practice.We found no evidence to support prolonged feeding with a hydrolysed formula compared with a CMF for prevention of allergic disease in infants unable to be exclusively breast fed. PMID: 30338526 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

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Fine Particulate Matter-Induced Exacerbation of Allergic Asthma via Activation of T-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 1.

Conclusions: Exacerbated AHR associated with allergic asthma caused by PM2.5is related to increased apoptosis and TIM-1 activation. These data might provide insights into therapeutic targets for the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma induced by PM2.5. PMID: 30334531 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chinese Medical Journal)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OE3vOU

Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease.

CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support short-term or prolonged feeding with a hydrolysed formula compared with exclusive breast feeding for prevention of allergic disease. Very low-quality evidence indicates that short-term use of an EHF compared with a CMF may prevent infant CMA. Further trials are recommended before implementation of this practice.We found no evidence to support prolonged feeding with a hydrolysed formula compared with a CMF for prevention of allergic disease in infants unable to be exclusively breast fed. PMID: 30338526 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)

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Efficacy of Additional Solifenacin Succinate Therapy for Storage Symptoms in Females with Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection: The SOLUTION Randomized Controlled Trial.

CONCLUSION: we found no significant difference in OABSS and PPBC score reduction by adding anticholinergic to antibiotic therapy for females with uncomplicated UTI. There was no serious adverse event recorded. PMID: 30333269 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta medica Indonesiana)

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Ethical considerations for HIV cure-related research at the end of life

The U.S. National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) have a new research priority: inclusion of terminally ill persons living with HIV (PL... (Source: BMC Medical Ethics)

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Efficacy of Additional Solifenacin Succinate Therapy for Storage Symptoms in Females with Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection: The SOLUTION Randomized Controlled Trial.

CONCLUSION: we found no significant difference in OABSS and PPBC score reduction by adding anticholinergic to antibiotic therapy for females with uncomplicated UTI. There was no serious adverse event recorded. PMID: 30333269 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Acta medica Indonesiana)

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Ethical considerations for HIV cure-related research at the end of life

The U.S. National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) have a new research priority: inclusion of terminally ill persons living with HIV (PL... (Source: BMC Medical Ethics)

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Anatomical and functional long-term results of endoscopic butterfly inlay myringoplasty

ConclusionWe suggested that endoscopic butterfly inlay myringoplasty is a safe surgical method with high graft success and effective hearing reconstruction. Follow-up is necessary for at least 2  years for precise anatomical and functional evaluation of the surgery. (Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)

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The role of FOXG1 in the postnatal development and survival of mouse cochlear hair cells.

This study thus provides new evidence for the function and mechanism of FOXG1 in HC development and survival in mice. PMID: 30336149 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Neuropharmacology)

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Anatomical and functional long-term results of endoscopic butterfly inlay myringoplasty

ConclusionWe suggested that endoscopic butterfly inlay myringoplasty is a safe surgical method with high graft success and effective hearing reconstruction. Follow-up is necessary for at least 2  years for precise anatomical and functional evaluation of the surgery. (Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)

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Impact of cochlear implantation on the management strategy of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2

ConclusionCI is an effective option in auditory rehabilitation and should be considered primarily for NF2 patients with intact cochlear nerve. EPS might be a predictor for cochlear implant performance. Good contralateral hearing may present a barrier to daily use. (Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)

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The role of FOXG1 in the postnatal development and survival of mouse cochlear hair cells.

This study thus provides new evidence for the function and mechanism of FOXG1 in HC development and survival in mice. PMID: 30336149 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Neuropharmacology)

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Is glyphosate the REAL problem in wheat?

There's an argument that has been batted around in online conversations, one that I thought that, because it was so patently absurd and so readily disproven, it would simply disappear into the blogosphere . . . but it hasn't. So let's talk about this idea. The idea goes like this: Because glyphosate is liberally applied to wheat, including its application as a desiccant and for weed control pre-planting, during maturation, and pre-harvest, the high concentrations of this herbicide in wheat products are the cause for all the problems that emerge with wheat consumption. It means that, minus glyphosate, wheat is now a healthy food for human consumption. As you will learn, while there is no argument from me that glyphosate is indeed a problem, given its carcinogenic and endoc...

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How Could Genomics Bring Precision Medicine To Healthcare?

By 2025, between 100 million and 2 billion human genomes will have been sequenced, researchers said. What do medical research, companies or governments do with such an incredible amount of data? How could genomics bring DNA-based targeted treatments, personalized drugs, and individualized clinical methods, in other words, precision medicine to healthcare? Does disease categorize people? In the previous centuries, healthcare systems focused mainly on working out generalized solutions for treating ill people in as high numbers as possible. If cough syrup was good for the majority of the coughing masses and only two people had a rash as an allergic reaction to it, there was no question about treating a sore throat with cough syrup. Experience and empirical evidence on a generalized basis was ...

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How Could Genomics Bring Precision Medicine To Healthcare?

By 2025, between 100 million and 2 billion human genomes will have been sequenced, researchers said. What do medical research, companies or governments do with such an incredible amount of data? How could genomics bring DNA-based targeted treatments, personalized drugs, and individualized clinical methods, in other words, precision medicine to healthcare? Does disease categorize people? In the previous centuries, healthcare systems focused mainly on working out generalized solutions for treating ill people in as high numbers as possible. If cough syrup was good for the majority of the coughing masses and only two people had a rash as an allergic reaction to it, there was no question about treating a sore throat with cough syrup. Experience and empirical evidence on a generalized basis was ...

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Autoimmune liver disease serology in acute hepatitis E virus infection.

In conclusion, autoantibodies are frequently present during acute HEV infection, indicating that HEV should always be excluded before diagnosing AIH. Importantly, a minority of patients with acute hepatitis E develops AIH-specific autoantibodies, and, though they did not progress to autoimmune liver disease in the short-term, they warrant long-term monitoring. PMID: 30336842 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Autoimmunity)

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Molecular characterization and expression analysis of interleukin 15 (IL15) and interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha (IL15Rα) in dojo loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus): Their salient roles during bacterial, parasitic and fungal infection

Publication date: November 2018Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 103Author(s): Xiaoyao Chen, Weiguang Kong, Yongyao Yu, Shuai Dong, Zhenyu Huang, Wei Yu, Jie Xu, Yanzhi Luo, Qingchao Wang, Zhen XuAbstractInterleukin 15 (IL15) is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in innate and adaptive immunity along with its receptor α-chain (IL15Rα). In order to investigate the potential roles of IL15 and IL15Rα in dojo loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), we firstly cloned the cDNA sequence of Ma-IL15 and Ma-IL15Rα, which contain 1096bp and 1236bp and code proteins of 193 amino acids and 210 amino acids, respectively. A short signal peptide and Pfam IL15 domain were found in Ma-IL15, while a highly conserved sushi domain existed in Ma-IL15Rα. Ontogeny analysis indicated that significantly i...

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IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells and liver diseases, with focus on autoimmune liver diseases

Publication date: Available online 12 October 2018Source: Autoimmunity ReviewsAuthor(s): Audrey Beringer, Pierre MiossecAbstractThe pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-17 and IL-17-producing cells are important players in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune / inflammatory diseases. More recently, they have been associated with liver diseases. This review first describes the general knowledge on IL-17 and IL-17 producing cells. The second part describes the in vitro and in vivo effects of IL-17 on liver cells and the contribution of IL-17 producing cells to liver diseases. IL-17 induces immune cell infiltration and liver damage driving to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and contributes to autoimmune liver diseases. The circulating levels of IL-17 and the frequency of IL-17-producing...

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A Review of the Use and Effectiveness of Digital Health Technologies in Asthma Patients

Despite the availability of evidence-based treatment guidelines and effective therapies for asthma, poor adherence to treatment1-5 and lack of guideline implementation into daily practice6 remain significant barriers to asthma control. Asthma management can be improved by providing information to the patient or caregiver to support adherence and verify correct dose intake, by relaying information to the clinician to facilitate timely therapeutic adjustment, and by allowing patient self-quantification. (Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology)

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Idiopathic Anaphylaxis and Undiagnosed Anorexia Nervosa

This report describes an association between anorexia nervosa and idiopathic anaphylaxis. While eating disorders affect 0.6% of the population1, and idiopathic anaphylaxis occurs in approximately 1 in 10,000 individuals2 an association between anorexia nervosa and mast cell dysfunction has not previously been described. Features of anorexia nervosa include restriction of eating and energy intake, intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted perception of body weight and shape.1 We describe a fourteen-year-old girl with a history of well controlled hypothyroidism who developed sudden lip and eyelid edema, abdominal pain, stool urgency, lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, throat tightness, and presyncope. (Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology)

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Prenatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency affects development of atopic dermatitis via DNA methylation

Due to the hypomethylation and consequently increased expression of oxidative stress-promoting genes in severely vitamin D-deficient fetus, the resulting offspring is predisposed to subsequent AD development and its severity. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Influenza Immunization in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

(Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OyDoJ8

Autoimmune liver disease serology in acute hepatitis E virus infection.

In conclusion, autoantibodies are frequently present during acute HEV infection, indicating that HEV should always be excluded before diagnosing AIH. Importantly, a minority of patients with acute hepatitis E develops AIH-specific autoantibodies, and, though they did not progress to autoimmune liver disease in the short-term, they warrant long-term monitoring. PMID: 30336842 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Autoimmunity)

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Molecular characterization and expression analysis of interleukin 15 (IL15) and interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha (IL15Rα) in dojo loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus): Their salient roles during bacterial, parasitic and fungal infection

Publication date: November 2018Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 103Author(s): Xiaoyao Chen, Weiguang Kong, Yongyao Yu, Shuai Dong, Zhenyu Huang, Wei Yu, Jie Xu, Yanzhi Luo, Qingchao Wang, Zhen XuAbstractInterleukin 15 (IL15) is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in innate and adaptive immunity along with its receptor α-chain (IL15Rα). In order to investigate the potential roles of IL15 and IL15Rα in dojo loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), we firstly cloned the cDNA sequence of Ma-IL15 and Ma-IL15Rα, which contain 1096bp and 1236bp and code proteins of 193 amino acids and 210 amino acids, respectively. A short signal peptide and Pfam IL15 domain were found in Ma-IL15, while a highly conserved sushi domain existed in Ma-IL15Rα. Ontogeny analysis indicated that significantly i...

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Comparison of the protective immunity elicited by a Brucella cocktail protein vaccine (rL7/L12+rTOmp31+rSOmp2b) in two different adjuvant formulations in BALB/c mice

In conclusion, both vaccine regimens are capable of stimulating specific Th1- biased immune responses and conferring cross protection against B. melitensis and B. abortus infections. Therefore, they could be introduced as new potential candidates for the development of subunit vaccines against Brucella infection. (Source: Molecular Immunology)

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IL-17 and IL-17-producing cells and liver diseases, with focus on autoimmune liver diseases

Publication date: Available online 12 October 2018Source: Autoimmunity ReviewsAuthor(s): Audrey Beringer, Pierre MiossecAbstractThe pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin(IL)-17 and IL-17-producing cells are important players in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune / inflammatory diseases. More recently, they have been associated with liver diseases. This review first describes the general knowledge on IL-17 and IL-17 producing cells. The second part describes the in vitro and in vivo effects of IL-17 on liver cells and the contribution of IL-17 producing cells to liver diseases. IL-17 induces immune cell infiltration and liver damage driving to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and contributes to autoimmune liver diseases. The circulating levels of IL-17 and the frequency of IL-17-producing...

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OzNQQK

A Review of the Use and Effectiveness of Digital Health Technologies in Asthma Patients

Despite the availability of evidence-based treatment guidelines and effective therapies for asthma, poor adherence to treatment1-5 and lack of guideline implementation into daily practice6 remain significant barriers to asthma control. Asthma management can be improved by providing information to the patient or caregiver to support adherence and verify correct dose intake, by relaying information to the clinician to facilitate timely therapeutic adjustment, and by allowing patient self-quantification. (Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2NOsbyU

Idiopathic Anaphylaxis and Undiagnosed Anorexia Nervosa

This report describes an association between anorexia nervosa and idiopathic anaphylaxis. While eating disorders affect 0.6% of the population1, and idiopathic anaphylaxis occurs in approximately 1 in 10,000 individuals2 an association between anorexia nervosa and mast cell dysfunction has not previously been described. Features of anorexia nervosa include restriction of eating and energy intake, intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted perception of body weight and shape.1 We describe a fourteen-year-old girl with a history of well controlled hypothyroidism who developed sudden lip and eyelid edema, abdominal pain, stool urgency, lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, throat tightness, and presyncope. (Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OyDtwq

Prenatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency affects development of atopic dermatitis via DNA methylation

Due to the hypomethylation and consequently increased expression of oxidative stress-promoting genes in severely vitamin D-deficient fetus, the resulting offspring is predisposed to subsequent AD development and its severity. (Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Influenza Immunization in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

(Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology)

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Improvement of the Elevated Tryptase Criterion to Discriminate IgE- From Non-IgE-Mediated Allergic Reactions: Erratum.

Authors: PMID: 30335659 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia)

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Over-expression of TGF- β1 gene in medication free Schizophrenia

Immunological pathways play a crucial role in developing and precipitating neuropsychiatric disorders. Although the exact pathogenesis of schizophrenia is unknown, the possible role of genetic and biomarker involvement of the immune system is gaining attention. Here we quantified the mRNA expression of cytokines as a key role player of the immune system from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls to identify the differentially expressed genes. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)

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STAT3 Inhibition Combined with CpG Immunostimulation Activates Antitumor Immunity to Eradicate Genetically Distinct Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers.

Conclusions: The bifunctional, immunostimulatory, and tolerance-breaking design of CpG-STAT3ASO offers a blueprint for the development of effective and safer oligonucleotide strategies for treatment of immunologically "cold" human cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 1-15. ©2018 AACR. PMID: 30337279 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)

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Improvement of the Elevated Tryptase Criterion to Discriminate IgE- From Non-IgE-Mediated Allergic Reactions: Erratum.

Authors: PMID: 30335659 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia)

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Over-expression of TGF- β1 gene in medication free Schizophrenia

Immunological pathways play a crucial role in developing and precipitating neuropsychiatric disorders. Although the exact pathogenesis of schizophrenia is unknown, the possible role of genetic and biomarker involvement of the immune system is gaining attention. Here we quantified the mRNA expression of cytokines as a key role player of the immune system from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls to identify the differentially expressed genes. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)

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STAT3 Inhibition Combined with CpG Immunostimulation Activates Antitumor Immunity to Eradicate Genetically Distinct Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers.

Conclusions: The bifunctional, immunostimulatory, and tolerance-breaking design of CpG-STAT3ASO offers a blueprint for the development of effective and safer oligonucleotide strategies for treatment of immunologically "cold" human cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 1-15. ©2018 AACR. PMID: 30337279 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Cancer Research)

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Influenza Immunization in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PadFpT

Prenatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency affects development of atopic dermatitis via DNA methylation

Due to the hypomethylation and consequently increased expression of oxidative stress-promoting genes in severely vitamin D-deficient fetus, the resulting offspring is predisposed to subsequent AD development and its severity.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2EvePrQ

Influenza Immunization in Common Variable Immunodeficiency

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PadFpT

Prenatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency affects development of atopic dermatitis via DNA methylation

Due to the hypomethylation and consequently increased expression of oxidative stress-promoting genes in severely vitamin D-deficient fetus, the resulting offspring is predisposed to subsequent AD development and its severity.

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Triple O Content Innovations and New Section Editors

As we begin the year 2019, on behalf of the outstanding team at Elsevier and the Section Editors, I would like to thank the authors, readership, and sponsoring organizations for their ongoing support. We continue to strive to make improvements to the journal that I hope result in something that we all are proud to call "our own." For example, we have worked diligently to decrease the turnaround time for manuscript processing. Currently, the average times to submission, being available online and final publication are 16, 19, and 35 days respectively.

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Triple O Content Innovations and New Section Editors

As we begin the year 2019, on behalf of the outstanding team at Elsevier and the Section Editors, I would like to thank the authors, readership, and sponsoring organizations for their ongoing support. We continue to strive to make improvements to the journal that I hope result in something that we all are proud to call "our own." For example, we have worked diligently to decrease the turnaround time for manuscript processing. Currently, the average times to submission, being available online and final publication are 16, 19, and 35 days respectively.

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Modification of Lackmann’s classification of facial bite wounds: an aid to assessment and recording

We recently treated a 2-year-old toddler who had sustained serious right-sided facial injuries, including avulsion of the lower eyelid from its medial attachments, when he was attacked by his family's dog.

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Modification of Lackmann’s classification of facial bite wounds: an aid to assessment and recording

We recently treated a 2-year-old toddler who had sustained serious right-sided facial injuries, including avulsion of the lower eyelid from its medial attachments, when he was attacked by his family's dog.

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Development, application, and results from a precision-medicine platform that personalizes multi-modal treatment plans for mild Alzheimer's disease and at-risk individuals.

CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis on these individuals lead to several interesting observations together suggesting that AD risk factors comprise a network of interlocking feedback loops that may be modifiable. Our findings indicate previously unidentified connectivity between AD risk factors, suggesting that treatment regimens should be tailored to the individual and multi-modal to simultaneously return several risk factors to a normative state. If successfully performed, the possibility to slow progression of AD and possibly reverse aspects of cognitive decline may become achievable. PMID: 30338750 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Aging Science)

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Development, application, and results from a precision-medicine platform that personalizes multi-modal treatment plans for mild Alzheimer's disease and at-risk individuals.

CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis on these individuals lead to several interesting observations together suggesting that AD risk factors comprise a network of interlocking feedback loops that may be modifiable. Our findings indicate previously unidentified connectivity between AD risk factors, suggesting that treatment regimens should be tailored to the individual and multi-modal to simultaneously return several risk factors to a normative state. If successfully performed, the possibility to slow progression of AD and possibly reverse aspects of cognitive decline may become achievable. PMID: 30338750 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Aging Science)

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Allergies: the scourge of modern life?

Our ancestors didn 't suffer from hay fever and food allergies were extremely rare even a few decades ago. What is causing the steep rise in their incidence now?To anyone from Generation X or older, it often feels like food allergies are far more common today than in their youth. While they remember them being rare or nonexistent in their school days, their own children will have classmates with allergies or they may have one themselves.According to theFood Standards Agency, estimates suggest that about 5-8% of children and 1-2% of adults are affected by food allergies in the UK. The recent headlines about fatal allergic reactions, such as that of twoPret a Manger customers, heighten the impression that food allergies are more commonplace.Continue reading... (Source: Guardian Unlimited S...

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Making Halloween Less Scary for Teens With Allergies, Asthma

SATURDAY, Oct. 20, 2018 -- Teens with allergies and asthma can enjoy Halloween as long as they take precautions, an allergist says. " There's no reason a teen with allergies should have to miss anything, " said Dr. Bradley Chipps, president of the... (Source: Drugs.com - Daily MedNews)

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Allergies: the scourge of modern life?

Our ancestors didn 't suffer from hay fever and food allergies were extremely rare even a few decades ago. What is causing the steep rise in their incidence now?To anyone from Generation X or older, it often feels like food allergies are far more common today than in their youth. While they remember them being rare or nonexistent in their school days, their own children will have classmates with allergies or they may have one themselves.According to theFood Standards Agency, estimates suggest that about 5-8% of children and 1-2% of adults are affected by food allergies in the UK. The recent headlines about fatal allergic reactions, such as that of twoPret a Manger customers, heighten the impression that food allergies are more commonplace.Continue reading... (Source: Guardian Unlimited S...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2EArRVa

Making Halloween Less Scary for Teens With Allergies, Asthma

SATURDAY, Oct. 20, 2018 -- Teens with allergies and asthma can enjoy Halloween as long as they take precautions, an allergist says. " There's no reason a teen with allergies should have to miss anything, " said Dr. Bradley Chipps, president of the... (Source: Drugs.com - Daily MedNews)

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Allergies: the scourge of modern life?

Our ancestors didn 't suffer from hay fever and food allergies were extremely rare even a few decades ago. What is causing the steep rise in their incidence now?To anyone from Generation X or older, it often feels like food allergies are far more common today than in their youth. While they remember them being rare or nonexistent in their school days, their own children will have classmates with allergies or they may have one themselves.According to theFood Standards Agency, estimates suggest that about 5-8% of children and 1-2% of adults are affected by food allergies in the UK. The recent headlines about fatal allergic reactions, such as that of twoPret a Manger customers, heighten the impression that food allergies are more commonplace.Continue reading... (Source: Guardian Unlimited S...

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Making Halloween Less Scary for Teens With Allergies, Asthma

SATURDAY, Oct. 20, 2018 -- Teens with allergies and asthma can enjoy Halloween as long as they take precautions, an allergist says. " There's no reason a teen with allergies should have to miss anything, " said Dr. Bradley Chipps, president of the... (Source: Drugs.com - Daily MedNews)

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Allergies: the scourge of modern life?

Our ancestors didn 't suffer from hay fever and food allergies were extremely rare even a few decades ago. What is causing the steep rise in their incidence now?To anyone from Generation X or older, it often feels like food allergies are far more common today than in their youth. While they remember them being rare or nonexistent in their school days, their own children will have classmates with allergies or they may have one themselves.According to theFood Standards Agency, estimates suggest that about 5-8% of children and 1-2% of adults are affected by food allergies in the UK. The recent headlines about fatal allergic reactions, such as that of twoPret a Manger customers, heighten the impression that food allergies are more commonplace.Continue reading... (Source: Guardian Unlimited S...

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Making Halloween Less Scary for Teens With Allergies, Asthma

SATURDAY, Oct. 20, 2018 -- Teens with allergies and asthma can enjoy Halloween as long as they take precautions, an allergist says. " There's no reason a teen with allergies should have to miss anything, " said Dr. Bradley Chipps, president of the... (Source: Drugs.com - Daily MedNews)

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Anaphylactic shock to bacitracin irrigation during breast implant surgery

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Mauli Desai, Mariana Castells

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Anaphylactic shock to bacitracin irrigation during breast implant surgery

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Mauli Desai, Mariana Castells

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Ribonucleoprotein Transfection for CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Knockout in Primary T Cells.

Authors: Oh SA, Seki A, Rutz S Abstract CRISPR/Cas9 has enabled the rapid and efficient generation of gene knockouts across various cell types of several species. T cells are central players in adaptive immune responses. Gene editing in primary T cells not only represents a valuable research tool, but is also critical for next generation immunotherapies, such as CAR T cells. Broad application of CRIPSR/Cas9 for gene editing in primary T cells has been hampered by limitations in transfection efficiency and the requirement for TCR stimulation. In this article, we provide a detailed protocol for Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) transfection of primary mouse and human T cells without the need for TCR stimulation that achieves near complete loss of target gene expression at the populat...

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Artemisinin ameliorates the symptoms of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by regulating the balance of TH1 cells, TH17 cells and Treg cells.

Authors: Chen W, Li FF, Li C, Sui JK, Meng QF, Li XL, Li H, Li CH, Li YB Abstract Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness. Artemisinin and its derivatives were reported to be experimentally used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we tested the effects of artemisinin on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Our data confirmed that artemisinin markedly ameliorated the symptoms of EAMG rats. There was a decreased level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-17+ cells in mononuclear cells (MNCs), and an increased level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Treg cells in MNCs. These findings indicate that artemisin...

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IL-33 mediates allergy through mast cell activation: Potential inhibitory effect of certain cytokines.

Authors: Tettamanti L, Kritas SK, Gallenga CE, D'Ovidio C, Mastrangelo F, Ronconi G, Caraffa A, Toniato E, Conti P Abstract Mast cells (MCs) are hematopoietic immune cells commonly found in adjacent to blood vessels in the lamina propria of airway mucosa. They are important in allergic reactions since the cross-linking of their surface high affinity receptor FceRI induces activation of these cells, and provokes the synthesis, degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators including arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids (de novo synthesized), stored enzyme mediators, and inflammatory TH1 and TH2 cytokines, and chemokines. Interleukin (IL)-33 participates in innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation and, acting on CD34+ cells, causes MC differentiation and maturation. IL-33 i...

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Ribonucleoprotein Transfection for CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Knockout in Primary T Cells.

Authors: Oh SA, Seki A, Rutz S Abstract CRISPR/Cas9 has enabled the rapid and efficient generation of gene knockouts across various cell types of several species. T cells are central players in adaptive immune responses. Gene editing in primary T cells not only represents a valuable research tool, but is also critical for next generation immunotherapies, such as CAR T cells. Broad application of CRIPSR/Cas9 for gene editing in primary T cells has been hampered by limitations in transfection efficiency and the requirement for TCR stimulation. In this article, we provide a detailed protocol for Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) transfection of primary mouse and human T cells without the need for TCR stimulation that achieves near complete loss of target gene expression at the populat...

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from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P7jYKX

Artemisinin ameliorates the symptoms of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by regulating the balance of TH1 cells, TH17 cells and Treg cells.

Authors: Chen W, Li FF, Li C, Sui JK, Meng QF, Li XL, Li H, Li CH, Li YB Abstract Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness. Artemisinin and its derivatives were reported to be experimentally used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we tested the effects of artemisinin on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Our data confirmed that artemisinin markedly ameliorated the symptoms of EAMG rats. There was a decreased level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-17+ cells in mononuclear cells (MNCs), and an increased level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Treg cells in MNCs. These findings indicate that artemisin...

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IL-33 mediates allergy through mast cell activation: Potential inhibitory effect of certain cytokines.

Authors: Tettamanti L, Kritas SK, Gallenga CE, D'Ovidio C, Mastrangelo F, Ronconi G, Caraffa A, Toniato E, Conti P Abstract Mast cells (MCs) are hematopoietic immune cells commonly found in adjacent to blood vessels in the lamina propria of airway mucosa. They are important in allergic reactions since the cross-linking of their surface high affinity receptor FceRI induces activation of these cells, and provokes the synthesis, degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators including arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids (de novo synthesized), stored enzyme mediators, and inflammatory TH1 and TH2 cytokines, and chemokines. Interleukin (IL)-33 participates in innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation and, acting on CD34+ cells, causes MC differentiation and maturation. IL-33 i...

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Comparison of inhaled versus intravenous anesthesia for laryngoscopy and laryngeal electromyography in a rat model

Propofol and remifentanil intravenous combination is one popular form of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in mainstream clinical practice, but it has rarely been applied to a rat model for laryngoscopy and ...

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Comparison of inhaled versus intravenous anesthesia for laryngoscopy and laryngeal electromyography in a rat model

Propofol and remifentanil intravenous combination is one popular form of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in mainstream clinical practice, but it has rarely been applied to a rat model for laryngoscopy and ...

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Supporting Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth: Protection Against Emotional Distress and Substance Use

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Amy L. Gower, G. Nic Rider, Camille Brown, Barbara J. McMorris, Eli Coleman, Lindsay A. Taliaferro, Marla E. Eisenberg

Introduction

Important mental and physical health disparities exist for transgender and gender diverse youth compared with cisgender youth (i.e., those whose birth-assigned sex and gender identity align), yet little is known about factors that protect transgender and gender diverse youth from health problems. The objective of this paper is to identify modifiable protective factors in the lives of transgender and gender diverse adolescents, with the goal of informing efforts to eliminate disparities in depression, suicidality, and substance use in this population.

Methods

Secondary data analysis of the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey examined associations between eight protective factors (connectedness to parents, adult relatives, friends, adults in the community, and teachers; youth development opportunities; and feeling safe in the community and at school) and depression, suicidality, and substance use (alcohol, binge drinking, marijuana, nicotine) among 2,168 adolescents who identified as transgender, genderqueer, genderfluid, or questioning their gender. Logistic regressions assessed the role of each protective factor separately and simultaneously.

Results

Each protective factor was associated with lower odds of emotional distress and substance use. When protective factors were examined simultaneously, parent connectedness was protective for all measures. Feeling safe at school and connected to adults in one's community protected against depression and suicidality; teacher connectedness buffered risk of substance use.

Conclusions

Given that transgender and gender diverse youth report lower levels of connectedness and safety, bolstering an explicitly transgender and gender diverse–friendly network of caring parents, safe and supportive schools, and connections to adults in the community may support efforts to eliminate disparities in depression, suicidality, and substance use.

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Compensation Behaviors and Skin Cancer Prevention

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Amy Bleakley, DeAnn Lazovich, Amy B. Jordan, Karen Glanz

Introduction

Skin cancer prevention guidelines recommend practicing multiple behaviors to protect against harmful ultraviolet rays, yet few adults report practicing more than one recommended behavior. This study examines the extent to which skin cancer prevention behaviors are combined and may follow a pattern of compensation in which an individual's performance of one behavior (e.g., wearing sunscreen) precludes performing other protective behaviors (e.g., wearing a hat).

Methods

Data from qualitative semi-structured interviews (n=80) in 2015 and a quantitative online national survey (n=940) in 2016 with non-Hispanic white adults aged 18–49 years from the U.S. were used to examine combinations of skin cancer prevention behaviors. Data were analyzed in 2017.

Results

Protective behaviors like wearing sunglasses and sunscreen were a common approach to prevention, but protective, avoidant (i.e., seeking shade, avoiding outdoor tanning), and covering-up (i.e., wearing a hat, shirt) strategies were rarely used in combination. Regression analyses to determine correlates of protection, avoidance, and covering-up showed that age was positively associated with practicing each strategy; positive attitudes about tanning were negatively associated with avoidance and covering-up; and positive body image was positively associated with protection and negatively associated with avoidance. Demographics such as education, employment, and gender, but not skin cancer risk, were also related to the various strategies.

Conclusions

Although a full evaluation of compensation theory and skin cancer prevention was limited by the available data, the results suggest that application of the theory may yield clues for how to improve sun protection behaviors.

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Arrests Among High-Risk Youth Following Emergency Department Treatment for an Assault Injury

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Patrick M. Carter, Aaron D. Dora-Laskey, Jason E. Goldstick, Justin E. Heinze, Maureen A. Walton, Marc A. Zimmerman, Jessica S. Roche, Rebecca M. Cunningham

Introduction

Violence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for youth, with more than 600,000 emergency department visits annually for assault-related injuries. Risk for criminal justice involvement among this population is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize arrests among high-risk, assault-injured, drug-using youth following emergency department treatment.

Methods

Youth (aged 18–24 years) with past 6-month drug use who were seeking emergency department treatment for either an assault or for non-violence reasons were enrolled (December 2009–September 2011) in a 2-year longitudinal study. Arrests in the 24 months following the emergency department visit were analyzed in 2016–2017 using survival analysis of objective Law Enforcement Information Network data. Hazard ratios quantifying the association between risk factors for arrest were estimated using Cox regression.

Results

In the longitudinal cohort, 511 youth seeking emergency department care (assault injury group n=299, comparison group n=212) were aged ≥18 years and were included for analysis. Youth in the assault injury group cohort had a 47% higher risk of arrest than the comparison group (38.1% vs 25.9%, RR=1.47, p<0.05). In unadjusted analyses, male sex, assault injury, binge drinking, drug use disorder, and community violence exposure were all associated with increased risk of arrest during the follow-up period. Cox regression identified that male sex (hazard ratio=2.57), drug use disorder diagnosis (hazard ratio=1.42), assault injury at baseline (hazard ratio=1.63), and community violence exposure (hazard ratio=1.35) increased risk for arrest.

Conclusions

Drug-using assault-injured youth have high rates of arrest. Emergency department and community interventions addressing substance use and violence involvement may aid in decreasing negative violence and criminal justice outcomes among high-risk youth.

Trial registration

This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01152970.

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Impact of Public Health Interventions on Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: A Simulation Study

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Roch A. Nianogo, Onyebuchi A. Arah

Introduction

Little is known about what interventions worked or did not work in slowing the obesity epidemic. The long-term comparative effectiveness of environmental and behavioral public health interventions for obesity and type 2 diabetes prevention over an individual's life course is relatively unexplored. The potential impact and long-term collective effectiveness of environmental and behavioral interventions on obesity and type 2 diabetes throughout the life course was evaluated.

Methods

The Virtual Los Angeles Obesity Model developed in 2016 was used to estimate the incidence and prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes under current and hypothetical interventions among 98,000 individuals born in 2009 and followed from birth to age 65 years. Analyses were performed in 2016 and completed in 2018.

Results

The 48-year risk of type 2 diabetes was 0.533 (95% CI=0.446, 0.629) under the natural course, 0.451 (95% CI=0.334, 0.570) under the physical activity intervention, and 0.443 (95% CI=0.389, 0.495) under the fast-food intervention. The 64-year risk of obesity was 0.892 (95% CI=0.879, 0.903) under the natural course, 0.876 (95% CI=0.850, 0.899) under the physical activity intervention, and 0.864 (95% CI=0.856, 0.873) under the fast-food intervention. The other interventions had little or no long-term effects. When all the interventions were applied, the population risk ratios were 0.942 (95% CI=0.914, 0.967) and 0.634 (95% CI=0.484, 0.845) for obesity and type 2 diabetes, respectively.

Conclusions

Implementing health interventions continuously throughout the life span and in combination with other interventions could substantially halt the obesity and the type 2 diabetes epidemics.

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Physicians’ Recommendations to Medicaid Patients About Tobacco Cessation

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Nikhil Holla, Erin Brantley, Leighton Ku

Introduction

Smoking is highly prevalent among low-income Medicaid beneficiaries and tobacco-cessation benefits are generally available. Nonetheless, use of cessation medications or counseling remains low, and many clinicians are hesitant to urge smokers to quit. This study examines the extent to which physicians provide advice to Medicaid patients about quitting.

Methods

Data from the 2014–2015 Nationwide Adult Medicaid Consumer Assessment of Health Plans survey were merged with state Medicaid policy variables and analyzed in 2017–2018. Multivariate regression models examined factors associated with smoking status, physician advice to quit smoking, and discussion of cessation medications or other strategies, as well as patients' ratings of their personal physicians.

Results

Almost one third (29%) of adult Medicaid beneficiaries smoke. Almost four fifths of smokers with a personal doctor (77%) say their doctor at least sometimes advised quitting and almost half of smokers discussed cessation medications (48%), or another strategy, such as counseling (42%). Smokers' ratings of satisfaction with their physicians and their health plans rose as the frequency of smoking recommendations increased. Those in Medicaid managed care plans smoked more, but received less advice about cessation medications than those in fee-for-service care.

Conclusions

Clinicians and Medicaid managed care plans can improve their efforts to motivate Medicaid patients to try to quit smoking. These findings indicate that patients value prevention-oriented advice and give better ratings to physicians and health plans that offer more support and advice about cessation.

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Sexual Minority Status and Adolescent Eating Behaviors, Physical Activity, and Weight Status

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Jeremy W. Luk, Jacob M. Miller, Stephen E. Gilman, Leah M. Lipsky, Denise L. Haynie, Bruce G. Simons-Morton

Introduction

This study examined sexual orientation differences in eating behaviors, physical activity, and weight status among adolescents in the U.S. Moreover, this study tested whether parental and peer influences contribute to sexual orientation disparities in adolescent eating behaviors, physical activity, BMI, and examined disparities in weight misperception.

Methods

Cross-sectional data were from 1,926 adolescents who participated in the NEXT Generation Health Study in 2010–2011. Linear and multinomial logistic regressions conducted in 2017–2018 were used to test disparities and interactions with social influences.

Results

Relative to their heterosexual peers, sexual minority males and females consumed fruits and vegetables more frequently; sexual minority males engaged in less frequent physical activity; and sexual minority females were more likely to be overweight, perceive themselves as overweight, and to overestimate their weight. High parental expectation for physical activity was associated with more frequent vigorous physical activity among heterosexual adolescents, but less frequent vigorous physical activity among sexual minority males. Exercising with a same-sex peer buffered against the risk of higher BMI among sexual minority females.

Conclusions

Parental and peer influences may serve as potential intervention targets to reduce disparities in weight-related behaviors. Longitudinal research is needed to understand the consequences of weight misperception among sexual minority females.

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Geographic and Urban–Rural Differences in Walking for Leisure and Transportation

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Susan A. Carlson, Geoffrey P. Whitfield, Erin L. Peterson, Emily N. Ussery, Kathleen B. Watson, David Berrigan, Janet E. Fulton

Introduction

Walking can serve many purposes, such as transportation (to get some place) or leisure (for fun, relaxation, or exercise); therefore, it provides many opportunities for people to be physically active. This study examines geographic and urban–rural differences in walking in the U.S.

Methods

Adult respondents (aged ≥18 years) to the 2015 National Health Interview Survey reported participation in and time spent (minutes per week) walking for transportation and leisure in the past week. In 2017, prevalence and time spent walking (among walkers) for any, leisure, and transportation walking were estimated by nine expanded regions and urban–rural designation.

Results

Prevalence of any walking ranged from 50.8% (East South Central) to 72.4% (Pacific); for leisure walking 43.9% (East South Central) to 60.6% (Pacific); and transportation walking 17.8% (East South Central) to 43.5% (New England). Among walkers, mean minutes spent walking per week ranged from 77.4 (East South Central) to 101.6 (Pacific); for leisure walking 70.5 (West South Central) to 85.9 (Mountain); and for transportation walking 47.4 (East South Central) to 66.4 (Middle Atlantic). Overall, there were urban–rural differences in prevalence of walking; however, differences depended on walking purpose and expanded region. Time spent walking was similar in urban and rural areas.

Conclusions

Regional differences in walking prevalence and time spent walking exist. Urban–rural differences in prevalence of walking differ based on region and purpose; however, rural areas had a lower prevalence of walking than urban areas regardless of purpose in southern regions. Opportunities exist to improve walking, particularly among southern regions with a focus on rural areas.

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Impact of Electronic Point-of-Care Prompts on Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Retail Clinics

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Amanda F. Meyer, Nicole L. Borkovskiy, Jennifer L. Brickley, Rajeev Chaudhry, Andrew Franqueira, Joseph W. Furst, Donna M. Hinsch, Margaret R. McDonah, Jane F. Myers, Randi E. Petersen, Lila J. Finney Rutten, Patrick M. Wilson, Robert M. Jacobson

Introduction

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates nationally are low. This study determined if an electronic point-of-care prompt in the retail clinic setting increases HPV vaccination rates among an eligible population.

Study design

An interrupted time series assessed change in weekly HPV vaccination rates with the introduction of an electronic point-of-care prompt and rate change in post-intervention period.

Setting/participants

The study sites were two similar retail care clinics in Rochester, Minnesota. Participants were patients who presented to the retail clinics setting between the ages of 9 and 26 years from September 12, 2016, to September 30, 2017.

Intervention

HPV vaccine (nonavalent) was made available at both retail clinics. Staff completed a 2-hour lecture on HPV vaccine and one-on-one training for use of the prompt. Pre- and post-intervention rates of HPV vaccination after initiation of electronic point-of-care prompt were measured. A satisfaction survey was given to all patients or parents/guardians between the ages of 9 and 26 years regardless of HPV vaccine status.

Main outcome measures

HPV vaccination rates per week before and after the introduction of the electronic point-of-care prompt along with satisfaction with HPV vaccine availability and the point-of-care prompt in the retail clinic setting. Data analysis was completed January 2018.

Results

The point-of-care prompt increased the median weekly HPV vaccination rate by 8.6 per 100 patient visits (95% CI=5.8, 11.5, p<0.001). Patients thought it was convenient having HPV vaccine available and helpful to be reminded of the need for HPV vaccine.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a significant increase of HPV vaccine rates in the retail clinic setting with use of a point-of-care prompt.

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Supporting Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth: Protection Against Emotional Distress and Substance Use

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Amy L. Gower, G. Nic Rider, Camille Brown, Barbara J. McMorris, Eli Coleman, Lindsay A. Taliaferro, Marla E. Eisenberg

Introduction

Important mental and physical health disparities exist for transgender and gender diverse youth compared with cisgender youth (i.e., those whose birth-assigned sex and gender identity align), yet little is known about factors that protect transgender and gender diverse youth from health problems. The objective of this paper is to identify modifiable protective factors in the lives of transgender and gender diverse adolescents, with the goal of informing efforts to eliminate disparities in depression, suicidality, and substance use in this population.

Methods

Secondary data analysis of the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey examined associations between eight protective factors (connectedness to parents, adult relatives, friends, adults in the community, and teachers; youth development opportunities; and feeling safe in the community and at school) and depression, suicidality, and substance use (alcohol, binge drinking, marijuana, nicotine) among 2,168 adolescents who identified as transgender, genderqueer, genderfluid, or questioning their gender. Logistic regressions assessed the role of each protective factor separately and simultaneously.

Results

Each protective factor was associated with lower odds of emotional distress and substance use. When protective factors were examined simultaneously, parent connectedness was protective for all measures. Feeling safe at school and connected to adults in one's community protected against depression and suicidality; teacher connectedness buffered risk of substance use.

Conclusions

Given that transgender and gender diverse youth report lower levels of connectedness and safety, bolstering an explicitly transgender and gender diverse–friendly network of caring parents, safe and supportive schools, and connections to adults in the community may support efforts to eliminate disparities in depression, suicidality, and substance use.

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Compensation Behaviors and Skin Cancer Prevention

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Amy Bleakley, DeAnn Lazovich, Amy B. Jordan, Karen Glanz

Introduction

Skin cancer prevention guidelines recommend practicing multiple behaviors to protect against harmful ultraviolet rays, yet few adults report practicing more than one recommended behavior. This study examines the extent to which skin cancer prevention behaviors are combined and may follow a pattern of compensation in which an individual's performance of one behavior (e.g., wearing sunscreen) precludes performing other protective behaviors (e.g., wearing a hat).

Methods

Data from qualitative semi-structured interviews (n=80) in 2015 and a quantitative online national survey (n=940) in 2016 with non-Hispanic white adults aged 18–49 years from the U.S. were used to examine combinations of skin cancer prevention behaviors. Data were analyzed in 2017.

Results

Protective behaviors like wearing sunglasses and sunscreen were a common approach to prevention, but protective, avoidant (i.e., seeking shade, avoiding outdoor tanning), and covering-up (i.e., wearing a hat, shirt) strategies were rarely used in combination. Regression analyses to determine correlates of protection, avoidance, and covering-up showed that age was positively associated with practicing each strategy; positive attitudes about tanning were negatively associated with avoidance and covering-up; and positive body image was positively associated with protection and negatively associated with avoidance. Demographics such as education, employment, and gender, but not skin cancer risk, were also related to the various strategies.

Conclusions

Although a full evaluation of compensation theory and skin cancer prevention was limited by the available data, the results suggest that application of the theory may yield clues for how to improve sun protection behaviors.

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Arrests Among High-Risk Youth Following Emergency Department Treatment for an Assault Injury

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Patrick M. Carter, Aaron D. Dora-Laskey, Jason E. Goldstick, Justin E. Heinze, Maureen A. Walton, Marc A. Zimmerman, Jessica S. Roche, Rebecca M. Cunningham

Introduction

Violence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for youth, with more than 600,000 emergency department visits annually for assault-related injuries. Risk for criminal justice involvement among this population is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize arrests among high-risk, assault-injured, drug-using youth following emergency department treatment.

Methods

Youth (aged 18–24 years) with past 6-month drug use who were seeking emergency department treatment for either an assault or for non-violence reasons were enrolled (December 2009–September 2011) in a 2-year longitudinal study. Arrests in the 24 months following the emergency department visit were analyzed in 2016–2017 using survival analysis of objective Law Enforcement Information Network data. Hazard ratios quantifying the association between risk factors for arrest were estimated using Cox regression.

Results

In the longitudinal cohort, 511 youth seeking emergency department care (assault injury group n=299, comparison group n=212) were aged ≥18 years and were included for analysis. Youth in the assault injury group cohort had a 47% higher risk of arrest than the comparison group (38.1% vs 25.9%, RR=1.47, p<0.05). In unadjusted analyses, male sex, assault injury, binge drinking, drug use disorder, and community violence exposure were all associated with increased risk of arrest during the follow-up period. Cox regression identified that male sex (hazard ratio=2.57), drug use disorder diagnosis (hazard ratio=1.42), assault injury at baseline (hazard ratio=1.63), and community violence exposure (hazard ratio=1.35) increased risk for arrest.

Conclusions

Drug-using assault-injured youth have high rates of arrest. Emergency department and community interventions addressing substance use and violence involvement may aid in decreasing negative violence and criminal justice outcomes among high-risk youth.

Trial registration

This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01152970.

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Impact of Public Health Interventions on Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: A Simulation Study

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Roch A. Nianogo, Onyebuchi A. Arah

Introduction

Little is known about what interventions worked or did not work in slowing the obesity epidemic. The long-term comparative effectiveness of environmental and behavioral public health interventions for obesity and type 2 diabetes prevention over an individual's life course is relatively unexplored. The potential impact and long-term collective effectiveness of environmental and behavioral interventions on obesity and type 2 diabetes throughout the life course was evaluated.

Methods

The Virtual Los Angeles Obesity Model developed in 2016 was used to estimate the incidence and prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes under current and hypothetical interventions among 98,000 individuals born in 2009 and followed from birth to age 65 years. Analyses were performed in 2016 and completed in 2018.

Results

The 48-year risk of type 2 diabetes was 0.533 (95% CI=0.446, 0.629) under the natural course, 0.451 (95% CI=0.334, 0.570) under the physical activity intervention, and 0.443 (95% CI=0.389, 0.495) under the fast-food intervention. The 64-year risk of obesity was 0.892 (95% CI=0.879, 0.903) under the natural course, 0.876 (95% CI=0.850, 0.899) under the physical activity intervention, and 0.864 (95% CI=0.856, 0.873) under the fast-food intervention. The other interventions had little or no long-term effects. When all the interventions were applied, the population risk ratios were 0.942 (95% CI=0.914, 0.967) and 0.634 (95% CI=0.484, 0.845) for obesity and type 2 diabetes, respectively.

Conclusions

Implementing health interventions continuously throughout the life span and in combination with other interventions could substantially halt the obesity and the type 2 diabetes epidemics.

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Physicians’ Recommendations to Medicaid Patients About Tobacco Cessation

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Nikhil Holla, Erin Brantley, Leighton Ku

Introduction

Smoking is highly prevalent among low-income Medicaid beneficiaries and tobacco-cessation benefits are generally available. Nonetheless, use of cessation medications or counseling remains low, and many clinicians are hesitant to urge smokers to quit. This study examines the extent to which physicians provide advice to Medicaid patients about quitting.

Methods

Data from the 2014–2015 Nationwide Adult Medicaid Consumer Assessment of Health Plans survey were merged with state Medicaid policy variables and analyzed in 2017–2018. Multivariate regression models examined factors associated with smoking status, physician advice to quit smoking, and discussion of cessation medications or other strategies, as well as patients' ratings of their personal physicians.

Results

Almost one third (29%) of adult Medicaid beneficiaries smoke. Almost four fifths of smokers with a personal doctor (77%) say their doctor at least sometimes advised quitting and almost half of smokers discussed cessation medications (48%), or another strategy, such as counseling (42%). Smokers' ratings of satisfaction with their physicians and their health plans rose as the frequency of smoking recommendations increased. Those in Medicaid managed care plans smoked more, but received less advice about cessation medications than those in fee-for-service care.

Conclusions

Clinicians and Medicaid managed care plans can improve their efforts to motivate Medicaid patients to try to quit smoking. These findings indicate that patients value prevention-oriented advice and give better ratings to physicians and health plans that offer more support and advice about cessation.

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Sexual Minority Status and Adolescent Eating Behaviors, Physical Activity, and Weight Status

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Jeremy W. Luk, Jacob M. Miller, Stephen E. Gilman, Leah M. Lipsky, Denise L. Haynie, Bruce G. Simons-Morton

Introduction

This study examined sexual orientation differences in eating behaviors, physical activity, and weight status among adolescents in the U.S. Moreover, this study tested whether parental and peer influences contribute to sexual orientation disparities in adolescent eating behaviors, physical activity, BMI, and examined disparities in weight misperception.

Methods

Cross-sectional data were from 1,926 adolescents who participated in the NEXT Generation Health Study in 2010–2011. Linear and multinomial logistic regressions conducted in 2017–2018 were used to test disparities and interactions with social influences.

Results

Relative to their heterosexual peers, sexual minority males and females consumed fruits and vegetables more frequently; sexual minority males engaged in less frequent physical activity; and sexual minority females were more likely to be overweight, perceive themselves as overweight, and to overestimate their weight. High parental expectation for physical activity was associated with more frequent vigorous physical activity among heterosexual adolescents, but less frequent vigorous physical activity among sexual minority males. Exercising with a same-sex peer buffered against the risk of higher BMI among sexual minority females.

Conclusions

Parental and peer influences may serve as potential intervention targets to reduce disparities in weight-related behaviors. Longitudinal research is needed to understand the consequences of weight misperception among sexual minority females.

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Geographic and Urban–Rural Differences in Walking for Leisure and Transportation

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Susan A. Carlson, Geoffrey P. Whitfield, Erin L. Peterson, Emily N. Ussery, Kathleen B. Watson, David Berrigan, Janet E. Fulton

Introduction

Walking can serve many purposes, such as transportation (to get some place) or leisure (for fun, relaxation, or exercise); therefore, it provides many opportunities for people to be physically active. This study examines geographic and urban–rural differences in walking in the U.S.

Methods

Adult respondents (aged ≥18 years) to the 2015 National Health Interview Survey reported participation in and time spent (minutes per week) walking for transportation and leisure in the past week. In 2017, prevalence and time spent walking (among walkers) for any, leisure, and transportation walking were estimated by nine expanded regions and urban–rural designation.

Results

Prevalence of any walking ranged from 50.8% (East South Central) to 72.4% (Pacific); for leisure walking 43.9% (East South Central) to 60.6% (Pacific); and transportation walking 17.8% (East South Central) to 43.5% (New England). Among walkers, mean minutes spent walking per week ranged from 77.4 (East South Central) to 101.6 (Pacific); for leisure walking 70.5 (West South Central) to 85.9 (Mountain); and for transportation walking 47.4 (East South Central) to 66.4 (Middle Atlantic). Overall, there were urban–rural differences in prevalence of walking; however, differences depended on walking purpose and expanded region. Time spent walking was similar in urban and rural areas.

Conclusions

Regional differences in walking prevalence and time spent walking exist. Urban–rural differences in prevalence of walking differ based on region and purpose; however, rural areas had a lower prevalence of walking than urban areas regardless of purpose in southern regions. Opportunities exist to improve walking, particularly among southern regions with a focus on rural areas.

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Preempting Racial Inequities in Lung Cancer Screening

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Jennifer Richmond, Olive M. Mbah, Sofia Z. Dard, Lauren C. Jordan, Katherine S. Cools, Cleo A. Samuel, Jalaal M. Khan, Matthew A. Manning

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Impact of Electronic Point-of-Care Prompts on Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Retail Clinics

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Author(s): Amanda F. Meyer, Nicole L. Borkovskiy, Jennifer L. Brickley, Rajeev Chaudhry, Andrew Franqueira, Joseph W. Furst, Donna M. Hinsch, Margaret R. McDonah, Jane F. Myers, Randi E. Petersen, Lila J. Finney Rutten, Patrick M. Wilson, Robert M. Jacobson

Introduction

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates nationally are low. This study determined if an electronic point-of-care prompt in the retail clinic setting increases HPV vaccination rates among an eligible population.

Study design

An interrupted time series assessed change in weekly HPV vaccination rates with the introduction of an electronic point-of-care prompt and rate change in post-intervention period.

Setting/participants

The study sites were two similar retail care clinics in Rochester, Minnesota. Participants were patients who presented to the retail clinics setting between the ages of 9 and 26 years from September 12, 2016, to September 30, 2017.

Intervention

HPV vaccine (nonavalent) was made available at both retail clinics. Staff completed a 2-hour lecture on HPV vaccine and one-on-one training for use of the prompt. Pre- and post-intervention rates of HPV vaccination after initiation of electronic point-of-care prompt were measured. A satisfaction survey was given to all patients or parents/guardians between the ages of 9 and 26 years regardless of HPV vaccine status.

Main outcome measures

HPV vaccination rates per week before and after the introduction of the electronic point-of-care prompt along with satisfaction with HPV vaccine availability and the point-of-care prompt in the retail clinic setting. Data analysis was completed January 2018.

Results

The point-of-care prompt increased the median weekly HPV vaccination rate by 8.6 per 100 patient visits (95% CI=5.8, 11.5, p<0.001). Patients thought it was convenient having HPV vaccine available and helpful to be reminded of the need for HPV vaccine.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a significant increase of HPV vaccine rates in the retail clinic setting with use of a point-of-care prompt.

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Cedar ’s Mediterranean Foods Issues Allergy Alert on Undeclared Soy in Cedar’s Chickpea Salad 8 oz.

Cedar 's Mediterranean Foods, of Ward Hill, MA is voluntarily recalling Cedar's Chickpea Salad 8 oz. because it may contain undeclared edamame (soy). People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to soy run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

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Cedar ’s Mediterranean Foods Issues Allergy Alert on Undeclared Soy in Cedar’s Chickpea Salad 8 oz.

Cedar 's Mediterranean Foods, of Ward Hill, MA is voluntarily recalling Cedar's Chickpea Salad 8 oz. because it may contain undeclared edamame (soy). People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to soy run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

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Cedar ’s Mediterranean Foods Issues Allergy Alert on Undeclared Soy in Cedar’s Chickpea Salad 8 oz.

Cedar 's Mediterranean Foods, of Ward Hill, MA is voluntarily recalling Cedar's Chickpea Salad 8 oz. because it may contain undeclared edamame (soy). People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to soy run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CVLpBM

Cedar ’s Mediterranean Foods Issues Allergy Alert on Undeclared Soy in Cedar’s Chickpea Salad 8 oz.

Cedar 's Mediterranean Foods, of Ward Hill, MA is voluntarily recalling Cedar's Chickpea Salad 8 oz. because it may contain undeclared edamame (soy). People who have an allergy or severe sensitivity to soy run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products. (Source: Food and Drug Administration)

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Instant reduction in postural sway during quiet standing by intraoral dental appliance in patients with Whiplash Associated Disorders and non-trauma neck pain

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Per-Olof Eriksson, Hamayun Zafar, Mattias Backén

Abstract

Objectives

This study tested the hypothesis that modulation of jaw sensorimotor control by intraoral dental appliance can reduce postural sway during quiet standing and hence improve standing balance, in patients with whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and non-trauma neck pain.

Design

Postural sway during quiet standing with feet together was examined in 54 WAD patients (40 females) and 10 non-trauma patients (8 females) using wireless 3D movement recording technique. Recordings were performed alternating without and with intraoral dental appliance, and with closed eyes and open eyes, respectively. In this protocol the participants served as their own controls. A reference group of 30 healthy subjects (17 females) was also recorded. Each recording lasted 120 seconds, followed by 3 to 5 minutes of rest. Speed, acceleration and perimeter of postural sway area were documented.

Results

In the patients, but not in the healthy group, the intraoral dental appliance instantly and significantly reduced standing postural sway in recordings with closed and open eyes.

Conclusions

The prompt reduction in standing postural sway from intervention by intraoral dental appliance i.e. improved standing balance, suggests a potent effect on the postural control system by modulation of the jaw sensorimotor system, probably involving reflex transmission. The result opens for new insight into mechanisms behind postural control and the pathophysiology of balance disorders, and adds to the knowledge on plasticity of the nervous system. It may help developing new procedures for assessment and management of impaired balance in WAD and non-trauma neck pain patients.

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Instant reduction in postural sway during quiet standing by intraoral dental appliance in patients with Whiplash Associated Disorders and non-trauma neck pain

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Per-Olof Eriksson, Hamayun Zafar, Mattias Backén

Abstract

Objectives

This study tested the hypothesis that modulation of jaw sensorimotor control by intraoral dental appliance can reduce postural sway during quiet standing and hence improve standing balance, in patients with whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and non-trauma neck pain.

Design

Postural sway during quiet standing with feet together was examined in 54 WAD patients (40 females) and 10 non-trauma patients (8 females) using wireless 3D movement recording technique. Recordings were performed alternating without and with intraoral dental appliance, and with closed eyes and open eyes, respectively. In this protocol the participants served as their own controls. A reference group of 30 healthy subjects (17 females) was also recorded. Each recording lasted 120 seconds, followed by 3 to 5 minutes of rest. Speed, acceleration and perimeter of postural sway area were documented.

Results

In the patients, but not in the healthy group, the intraoral dental appliance instantly and significantly reduced standing postural sway in recordings with closed and open eyes.

Conclusions

The prompt reduction in standing postural sway from intervention by intraoral dental appliance i.e. improved standing balance, suggests a potent effect on the postural control system by modulation of the jaw sensorimotor system, probably involving reflex transmission. The result opens for new insight into mechanisms behind postural control and the pathophysiology of balance disorders, and adds to the knowledge on plasticity of the nervous system. It may help developing new procedures for assessment and management of impaired balance in WAD and non-trauma neck pain patients.

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Sequential prostate MRI reporting in men on active surveillance: initial experience of a dedicated PRECISE software program

Publication date: Available online 20 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Francesco Giganti, Clare Allen, Jonathan W. Piper, David Mirando, Armando Stabile, Shonit Punwani, Alex Kirkham, Mark Emberton, Caroline M. Moore

Abstract

Background and objectives

There is interest in using sequential multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to assess men on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer. The Prostate Cancer Radiological Estimation of Change in Sequential Evaluation (PRECISE) recommendations propose standardised reporting mpMRI data for these men. This includes accurate size measurements of lesions over time, but such approach is time consuming for the radiologist and there is a strong need of dedicated tools to report serial scans in a systematic manner. We present the results from an initial validation cohort using dedicated PRECISE reporting software to allow automated comparison between sequential scans on AS.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analysed baseline and follow-up scans of 20 men randomised to 6 months of daily dutasteride (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) from the MAPPED trial. Men underwent 3T mpMRI at baseline and after 6 months, and a dedicated radiologist reported the scans using both a widespread commercially-available platform (Osirix®) and a semi-automated dedicated PRECISE reporting tool (MIM®). Tumour volume by planimetry in all sequences and conspicuity on diffusion-weighted imaging were assessed. Reporting time was recorded, and we used the Wilcoxon test for statistical analysis.

Results

Median tumour volumes and conspicuity were similar using both approaches. The reporting time of the follow-up scan was quicker using the PRECISE reporting workflow both in the whole population (12′33″ vs 10′52″; p = 0.005) and in the dutasteride arm (15′50″ vs 12′59″; p = 0.01). A structured report including clinical and imaging data was generated according to the PRECISE recommendations and a comparison table between lesion characteristics at baseline and follow-up scans was also included.

Conclusion

We conclude that a dedicated PRECISE reporting tool for sequential scans in men on AS results in a significant reduction in the reporting time and allows the radiologist to easily compare scans over time. This tool will help with our understanding of the natural history of mpMRI changes during AS.

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Preliminary evaluation of accelerated microscopic diffusional kurtosis imaging (μDKI) in a rodent model of epilepsy

Publication date: Available online 20 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Yang Ji, Dongshuang Lu, Limin Wu, Bensheng Qiu, Yi-Qiao Song, Phillip Zhe Sun

Abstract

Purpose

Our study aimed to develop accelerated microscopic diffusional kurtosis imaging (μDKI) and preliminarily evaluated it in a rodent model of chronic epilepsy.

Methods

We investigated two μDKI acceleration schemes of reduced sampling density and angular range in a phantom and wild-type rats, and further tested μDKI method in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy rats using a 4.7 Tesla MRI. Single slice average μD_app and μK_app maps were derived, and Nissl staining was obtained.

Results

The kurtosis maps from two accelerated μDKI sampling schemes (sampling density and range) are very similar to that using fully sampled data (SSIM > 0.95). For the epileptic models, μDKI showed noticeably different contrast from those obtained with conventional DKI. Specifically, the average μK_app was significantly less than that of the average of K_app (0.15 ± 0.01 vs. 0.47 ± 0.02) in the ventricle.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated the feasibility of accelerated in vivo μDKI. Our work revealed that μDKI provides complementary information to conventional DKI method, suggesting that advanced DKI sequences are promising to elucidate tissue microstructure in neurological diseases.

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The downhole circumferential scanning magnetic resonance imaging tool

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Wei Liu, Lizhi Xiao, Guangzhi Liao, Yan Zhang, Sihui Luo

Abstract

The downhole circumferential scanning magnetic resonance logging is able to image saturation distribution and fluid properties of stratum around a borehole, thus providing relevant and abundant information for formation evaluation. The device employs a phase-controlled excitation device based on combined array structure to accomplish three dimensional data acquisition from axial, radial and circumferential directions. This paper focuses on the design principle of device and the structure of electronic control system. A mutual coupling analysis with array antenna was carried out using inductance coupling principle, and realize the decoupling and energy discharge compensation of array antennas. The circumferential scanning nuclear magnetic resonance technique has a potential of overcoming the weakness of two dimensional measurements and raising new applications that it determines the azimuth of the fluid in the borehole and realizes the imaging measurement of the pore structure and the reservoir fluid.

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A novel MRI phantom to study interstitial fluid transport in the glymphatic system

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): M.E. Komlosh, D. Benjamini, N.W. Williamson, F. Horkay, E.B. Hutchinson, P.J. Basser

Abstract

The glymphatic system is a recently discovered transport system, mediated by cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), that clears metabolic and cellular waste products in the brain. This system's function in the brain is analogous to that of the lymphatic system in the rest of the mammalian body. It is hypothesized that CSF clears harmful chemicals from the brain by flowing through interstitial spaces in the brain during sleep. While there is growing recognition of the critical role the glymphatic system plays in maintaining normal brain health and in explaining pathology, there are few noninvasive imaging methods that measure and characterize the efficacy of glymphatic transport in vivo. In this study we designed, constructed, and tested a glymphatic transport magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) flow phantom, which combines regions that mimic CSF-filled ventricles and brain interstitial space. We tested high- and low-q space diffusion MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisitions to determine if they could detect, measure, and map interstitial glymphatic flows. The results suggest that, under certain flow conditions, diffusion-weighted MRI can detect the enhanced mixing that occurs during glymphatic clearance.

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Characterization of porous media by T2-T2 correlation beyond fast diffusion limit

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Zhou Yu, Yan Zhang, Lizhi Xiao, Guangzhi Liao

Abstract

Pore size distribution and surface relaxivity are two important properties of porous media such as rock samples and can be obtained by NMR methods. However, it is difficult to obtain these information beyond the fast diffusion limit. Here we present a new method to directly characterize the averaged pore size of a porous sample with a narrow pore size distribution. This method is based on the parallel plates pore model and the T₂-T₂ correlation sequence. The pore size (a) - surface relaxivity (ρ) correlation maps were obtained using the non-negative least squares method. Three kinds of glass bead samples were measured and the averaged pore size and surface relaxivity were extracted.

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Sequential prostate MRI reporting in men on active surveillance: initial experience of a dedicated PRECISE software program

Publication date: Available online 20 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Francesco Giganti, Clare Allen, Jonathan W. Piper, David Mirando, Armando Stabile, Shonit Punwani, Alex Kirkham, Mark Emberton, Caroline M. Moore

Abstract

Background and objectives

There is interest in using sequential multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to assess men on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer. The Prostate Cancer Radiological Estimation of Change in Sequential Evaluation (PRECISE) recommendations propose standardised reporting mpMRI data for these men. This includes accurate size measurements of lesions over time, but such approach is time consuming for the radiologist and there is a strong need of dedicated tools to report serial scans in a systematic manner. We present the results from an initial validation cohort using dedicated PRECISE reporting software to allow automated comparison between sequential scans on AS.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively analysed baseline and follow-up scans of 20 men randomised to 6 months of daily dutasteride (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) from the MAPPED trial. Men underwent 3T mpMRI at baseline and after 6 months, and a dedicated radiologist reported the scans using both a widespread commercially-available platform (Osirix®) and a semi-automated dedicated PRECISE reporting tool (MIM®). Tumour volume by planimetry in all sequences and conspicuity on diffusion-weighted imaging were assessed. Reporting time was recorded, and we used the Wilcoxon test for statistical analysis.

Results

Median tumour volumes and conspicuity were similar using both approaches. The reporting time of the follow-up scan was quicker using the PRECISE reporting workflow both in the whole population (12′33″ vs 10′52″; p = 0.005) and in the dutasteride arm (15′50″ vs 12′59″; p = 0.01). A structured report including clinical and imaging data was generated according to the PRECISE recommendations and a comparison table between lesion characteristics at baseline and follow-up scans was also included.

Conclusion

We conclude that a dedicated PRECISE reporting tool for sequential scans in men on AS results in a significant reduction in the reporting time and allows the radiologist to easily compare scans over time. This tool will help with our understanding of the natural history of mpMRI changes during AS.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2q3RgfF

Preliminary evaluation of accelerated microscopic diffusional kurtosis imaging (μDKI) in a rodent model of epilepsy

Publication date: Available online 20 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Yang Ji, Dongshuang Lu, Limin Wu, Bensheng Qiu, Yi-Qiao Song, Phillip Zhe Sun

Abstract

Purpose

Our study aimed to develop accelerated microscopic diffusional kurtosis imaging (μDKI) and preliminarily evaluated it in a rodent model of chronic epilepsy.

Methods

We investigated two μDKI acceleration schemes of reduced sampling density and angular range in a phantom and wild-type rats, and further tested μDKI method in pilocarpine-induced epilepsy rats using a 4.7 Tesla MRI. Single slice average μD_app and μK_app maps were derived, and Nissl staining was obtained.

Results

The kurtosis maps from two accelerated μDKI sampling schemes (sampling density and range) are very similar to that using fully sampled data (SSIM > 0.95). For the epileptic models, μDKI showed noticeably different contrast from those obtained with conventional DKI. Specifically, the average μK_app was significantly less than that of the average of K_app (0.15 ± 0.01 vs. 0.47 ± 0.02) in the ventricle.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated the feasibility of accelerated in vivo μDKI. Our work revealed that μDKI provides complementary information to conventional DKI method, suggesting that advanced DKI sequences are promising to elucidate tissue microstructure in neurological diseases.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QXVEIG

The downhole circumferential scanning magnetic resonance imaging tool

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Wei Liu, Lizhi Xiao, Guangzhi Liao, Yan Zhang, Sihui Luo

Abstract

The downhole circumferential scanning magnetic resonance logging is able to image saturation distribution and fluid properties of stratum around a borehole, thus providing relevant and abundant information for formation evaluation. The device employs a phase-controlled excitation device based on combined array structure to accomplish three dimensional data acquisition from axial, radial and circumferential directions. This paper focuses on the design principle of device and the structure of electronic control system. A mutual coupling analysis with array antenna was carried out using inductance coupling principle, and realize the decoupling and energy discharge compensation of array antennas. The circumferential scanning nuclear magnetic resonance technique has a potential of overcoming the weakness of two dimensional measurements and raising new applications that it determines the azimuth of the fluid in the borehole and realizes the imaging measurement of the pore structure and the reservoir fluid.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2q1Jymj

A novel MRI phantom to study interstitial fluid transport in the glymphatic system

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): M.E. Komlosh, D. Benjamini, N.W. Williamson, F. Horkay, E.B. Hutchinson, P.J. Basser

Abstract

The glymphatic system is a recently discovered transport system, mediated by cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), that clears metabolic and cellular waste products in the brain. This system's function in the brain is analogous to that of the lymphatic system in the rest of the mammalian body. It is hypothesized that CSF clears harmful chemicals from the brain by flowing through interstitial spaces in the brain during sleep. While there is growing recognition of the critical role the glymphatic system plays in maintaining normal brain health and in explaining pathology, there are few noninvasive imaging methods that measure and characterize the efficacy of glymphatic transport in vivo. In this study we designed, constructed, and tested a glymphatic transport magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) flow phantom, which combines regions that mimic CSF-filled ventricles and brain interstitial space. We tested high- and low-q space diffusion MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisitions to determine if they could detect, measure, and map interstitial glymphatic flows. The results suggest that, under certain flow conditions, diffusion-weighted MRI can detect the enhanced mixing that occurs during glymphatic clearance.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2QXVwsG

Characterization of porous media by T2-T2 correlation beyond fast diffusion limit

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2018

Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author(s): Zhou Yu, Yan Zhang, Lizhi Xiao, Guangzhi Liao

Abstract

Pore size distribution and surface relaxivity are two important properties of porous media such as rock samples and can be obtained by NMR methods. However, it is difficult to obtain these information beyond the fast diffusion limit. Here we present a new method to directly characterize the averaged pore size of a porous sample with a narrow pore size distribution. This method is based on the parallel plates pore model and the T₂-T₂ correlation sequence. The pore size (a) - surface relaxivity (ρ) correlation maps were obtained using the non-negative least squares method. Three kinds of glass bead samples were measured and the averaged pore size and surface relaxivity were extracted.

from #Head and Neck by Sfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2q27C8H