HIV and salivary gland pathology: an update

Salivary gland disease is a common human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) manifestation, with a significant increase in prevalence over the last two decades. This review summarizes contemporary knowledge of non-neoplastic salivary gland disease in HIV infection. The aim is to update and focus on those lesions almost exclusive to salivary glands in the HIV setting. These include xerostomia or salivary gland hypofunction, Sjögren's syndrome-like illness, salivary gland enlargements including benign lymphoepithelial cysts (cystic lymphoid hyperplasia), diffuse infiltrative CD8+ lymphocytosis syndrome and mucous extravasation phenomena, especially ranula.

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