Prevalence and Types of Aortic Arch Variants and Anomalies in Congenital Heart Diseases

Publication date: Available online 25 September 2018

Source: Academic Radiology

Author(s): Ahmed M. Tawfik, Donia M. Sobh, Germeen A. Ashamallah, Nihal M. Batouty

Rationale and Objectives

Aortic arch (AA) variants and anomalies are important to recognize in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) before surgery or intervention. The aim was to study the prevalence of AA anomalies and variants in patients with CHD compared to a control group. The secondary outcome was to report the associations between common variations of AA and specific types of CHD.

Materials and Methods

After institutional review board approval, computed tomography studies of 352 CHD patients and control group of 400 consecutive computed tomography scans of the thorax were evaluated. The AA was assigned to one of seven common types, and their distribution was compared between CHD and control. The distribution of the AA anomalies and variants was evaluated as regard specific types of CHD and the visceroatrial situs.

Results

Normal three-vessel branching pattern was the commonest in both groups, but was present in only 50.5% in the CHD compared to 68.5% in the control group, p < 0.00001. Right AA and aberrant right subclavian artery were significantly more common in CHD than control group (18.1% versus 0.25%, p < 0.00001) and (4.5% versus 0.25%, p = 0.0001), respectively. Direct aortic origin of left vertebral artery was insignificantly more common in CHD group (4.2% versus 2.7%, p = 0.258). Brachiobicephalic trunk was significantly more common in control than CHD group (27.7% versus 19.3%, p = 0.007).

Conclusion

Normal three-vessel AA was significantly less common in CHD. AA anomalies (right arch and aberrant right subclavian) were more common in CHD than control, while AA variants (brachiobicephalic trunk and direct aortic origin of left vertebral artery) were not.

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