Characterization of sensitization to furry animal allergen components in an adult population

Abstract

Background

There are paucity of data on sensitization to furry animal allergen components in adults. Furry animals are major sensitizers and contributors to asthma burden in northern Europe and North America.

Objective

To characterize sensitization patterns to furry animal allergen components in Swedish adults.

Methods

Based on the West Sweden Asthma Study, a random population (n=1103) and an asthma sample (n=769) were tested for allergen sensitization using Phadiatop^®. Those with IgE ≥0.35 kU_A/L were tested for cat (Fel d 1, 2, and 4), dog (Can f 1, 2, 3, and 5) and horse (Equ c 1) allergen component sensitization. We defined allergen component poly‐sensitization patterns, identified data‐driven sensitization clusters, described component sensitization overlaps, and assessed determinants of sensitization patterns.

Results

The prevalence of allergen components sensitization ranged from 0.8% for Fel d 2 and Can f 3 to 8.9% for Fel d 1. The most common dog component was Can f 5 (3.6%); 2.1% were sensitized to Equ c 1. Those sensitized to Fel d 2 and Fel d 4 were commonly sensitized to Fel d 1. The most common dog component overlap was between Can f 1/Can f 2 and Can f 5. Mono‐sensitization was 5.6%,double‐ 1.5% and poly‐sensitization (2.1%). Sensitization was always higher in the asthma than in the random sample. Three sensitization clusters were derived, namely: non‐sensitized (90% in random vs. 66% in asthma sample); Fel d 1‐driven sensitized (7% vs. 19%); and multi‐sensitized (3% vs. 15%). Key determinants of sensitization were gender, age, raised on a farm, family history of allergy or asthma, smoking, and occupational exposure to dust or fumes.

Conclusions & Clinical Relevance

Fel d 1 and Can f 5 are the most common cat and dog components sensitization in this adult Swedish population. Mono‐sensitization is more common than poly‐sensitization. This detailed characterization highlights the current distribution of furry animal allergen components in Swedish adults and their impact on clinical outcomes of asthma will be further explored.

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