Dimethyl fumarate as a first- vs second-line therapy in MS: Focus on B cells

Conclusions DMF is associated with increased transitional and IL10+ and TGFβ+ regulatory B cells and a shift toward a more anti-inflammatory immune profile. Cell activation with reduced costimulatory capacity may induce immune hyporesponsiveness. Carryover effects of preceding therapies in 2nd-line patients and the stage of disease influence the immune profile of the patients and the immunomodulatory effects of DMF. (Source: Neurology Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation)

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