Disease-modifying therapies alter gut microbial composition in MS

Objective To determine the effects of the disease-modifying therapies, glatiramer acetate (GA) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF), on the gut microbiota in patients with MS. Methods Participants with relapsing MS who were either treatment-naive or treated with GA or DMF were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were immunophenotyped. Bacterial DNA was extracted from stool, and amplicons targeting the V4 region of the bacterial/archaeal 16S rRNA gene were sequenced (Illumina MiSeq). Raw reads were clustered into Operational Taxonomic Units using the GreenGenes database. Differential abundance analysis was performed using linear discriminant analysis effect size. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states was used to investigate changes to functional ...

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