Assessment of mandibular retrognathism and maxillary prognathism as contributory factors for skeletal Class II malocclusion: A cephalometric study

Suraj Prasad Sinha, Krishna U S Nayak, Crystal Runa Soans, PS Murali, Akhil Shetty, MS Ravi

International Journal of Oral Health Sciences 2018 8(2):99-103

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the skeletal factor (maxillary excess and/or mandibular deficiency) contributing for the skeletal Class II malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 100 individuals (50 males and 50 females) in the age group of 18–30 years, having skeletal Class II malocclusion with ANB of more than 4, were evaluated. The parameters to be used for prediction of maxillary prognathism include linear measurement of Nasion perpendicular to point A, and for the mandibular retrognathism, it is linear measurement of Nasion perpendicular to Pogonion, as suggested by Burstone analysis. Results: The 34% of the studied sample size had the Class II skeletal pattern (ANB >4), but their observed values for the maxilla and the mandible (with respect to the cranium) were in the normal range according to Burstone's cephalometric norms. Mandibular retrognathism with 68% prevalence in the final studied sample size is the major contributory factor for the skeletal Class II malocclusion which is followed by maxillary prognathism with 27% prevalence in the studied sample size, and the last contributory factor is the combination of the above two which accounts for the 5% of the studied sample size. Conclusion: The cephalometric study of skeletal Class II participants suggests mandibular retrognathism to be the major component in the given sample size. The other important conclusion from this study is that the ANB angle is not a reliable indicator to assess the skeletal malocclusion.

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