Reduced final height and inadequate nutritional intake in cow’s milk-allergic young adults

Publication date: Available online 7 December 2018

Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

Author(s): T. Sinai, M.R. Goldberg, L. Nachshon, R. Amitzur-Levy, T. Yichie, Y. Katz, E. Monsonego-Ornan, A. Elizur

Abstract

Background

Growth impairment was previously described in milk-allergic children but was not examined in adults upon reaching final height.

Objectives

To investigate the dietary intake and final stature of young adults with IgE-mediated cow's milk-allergy (IgE-CMA) as compared to non-allergic controls.

Methods

87 IgE-CMA patients, median age 19.5 years (IQR, 17.3-22.7) and 36 control participants without food allergies, median age 22.7 years (IQR, 18.9-26.1) were studied. Anthropometric and nutritional data were collected. Age- and gender z-scores were determined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Nutrient intake assessment was based on dietary records. Individuals with conditions or treatments affecting bone metabolism or growth, other than asthma, were excluded.

Results

Mean values of height-z-scores were significantly reduced in CMA subjects compared to controls (-0.64±0.9 versus -0.04±0.7, p=0.001). In contrast, no differences were found between the two groups in weight- and BMI-z-scores. CMA patients had significantly lower intake of protein, and several essential vitamins (A, B12 and Riboflavin) and minerals (calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc) compared to controls (p<0.05) but the intakes of calories, carbohydrate and fat were not significantly different between the two groups. Differences between actual and expected (based on mid-parental height) height-z-scores were comparable in CMA subjects with or without asthma and between those with and without additional food allergies.

Conclusion

Young adults who have cow's milk allergy from infancy are at risk of not reaching their growth potential. Growth and nutritional monitoring and appropriate dietary intervention are of particular importance in these at-risk individuals.

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