Mucosal immune responses to fungi and the implications for inflammatory bowel disease

Purpose of review The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in inflammatory diseases of the gut. Although most investigations regarding how the mucosal immune system interacts with the microbiota have focused on bacteria, recent studies are elucidating the additional role of commensal fungi in health and disease in the gut. Recent findings New technical approaches are defining the makeup of the fungal communities in the intestines of humans and mice. The reported composition of these communities is influenced by the approaches used to define the fungi. Changes in the intestinal mycobiota are associated with gut inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and in mouse models of colitis. Recent studies are beginning to elucidate the mechanisms by which the mucosal immu...

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