Standing on the shoulders of mice: adventures in human immunology

NIH Director's Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series While inbred mice have been a very powerful model for analyzing the immune system, recent advances, both technological and conceptual, have begun to make direct studies of the human immune system possible. This is vitally important from a translational perspective, as mouse models of disease have not been as productive as hoped for in producing " actionable intelligence " with which to diagnose and treat patients. Another benefit is that human work is almost unexplored territory for immunologists in our present time, where asking basic questions often results in unexpected answers, as the compromises that were necessary to make in laboratory mice-virtually eliminating genetic and environmental heterogeneity-are unavoidable in human bein...

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