In tumor cells, thyroid hormone analogues non-immunologically regulate PD-L1 and PD-1 accumulation that is anti-apoptotic.

Authors: Lin HY, Chin YT, Shih YJ, Chen YR, Leinung M, Keating KA, Mousa SA, Davis PJ Abstract The PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint involving tumor cells and host immune defense lymphocytes is a well-studied therapeutic target in oncology. That PD-1 and PD-L1 may have additional functions within tumor cells that are independent of the checkpoint is indicated by actions of a thyroid hormone analogue, L-thyroxine (T4), on these checkpoint components. Acting at a cell surface receptor on plasma membrane integrin αvβ3, T4 stimulates intracellular accumulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells. In these thyroid hormone-treated cells, T4-induced PD-L1 is non-immunologically anti-apoptotic, blocking activation of p53. Several laboratories have also described accumulation of PD-1 in a variety of canc...

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